Dissertation Mag. Kamila Labas 11 03 2014

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Dissertation Mag. Kamila Labas 11 03 2014 DISSERTATION Titel der Dissertation „Studien zur Geschichte der georgischen Länder vom 4. bis zum früheren 7. Jh.“ Verfasst von Kamila Labas angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktorin der Philosophie (Dr. Phil.) Wien, 2014 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 092 383 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Byzantinistik Studienblatt: Betreuer: ao. Univ.-Prof. i.R. Dr. Werner Seibt 1 Für meine Eltern František und Irena und für meine Kinder Franka, Miriam und Benjamin, die mich unterstützten und bewundernswertes Verständnis für diese Arbeit aufbrachten. 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis I. Vorwort ........................................................................................................................................... 7 II. Einleitung ....................................................................................................................................... 10 II.1. Perioden der georgischen Geschichte ................................................................................... 10 II.2. Der Weg der georgischen Quellen nach Europa .............................................................. 10 II.3. Die Erforschung der georgischen Geschichte in Europa ....................................................... 15 II.4. Der Forschungsstand im deutchssprachigen Raum .............................................................. 17 II.5. Die Transkription ................................................................................................................... 19 III. Die Vorstellung der Quellen ...................................................................................................... 21 III.1. Lateinische schriftliche Quellen............................................................................................. 21 III.2. Griechische schriftliche Quellen ............................................................................................ 28 III.3. Syrische schriftliche Quellen ................................................................................................. 40 III.4. Koptische schriftliche Quellen ............................................................................................... 47 III.5. Armenische schriftliche Quellen ........................................................................................... 48 III.6. Georgische schriftliche Quellen ............................................................................................. 55 III.7. Nichtliterarische Quellen ....................................................................................................... 69 IV. Kurzer geographischer Überblick: Wichtige Regionen/ Provinzen und Völker, Gebirge und Flüsse, Städte bzw. Bischofsstädte ........................................................................................................ 70 V. Historische Entwicklung ................................................................................................................ 75 V.1. Westgeorgien/Kolχis /Egrisi /Lazika ...................................................................................... 77 V.1.1. Heidnisches Westgeorgien vom Anfang bis zum 3. Jh. n. Chr. ...................................... 78 V.1.2. Christliches Westgeorgien vom 4. – 7. Jh. ..................................................................... 89 V.2. Ostgeorgien/Iberien 1.–3. Jh. nach Chr. – die heidnische Periode ..................................... 104 V.3. Ostgeorgien – 4. Jh. n. Chr. – die Christianisierung Iberiens ............................................... 114 V.3.1. Die historische Situation an der Wende des 3./4. Jh. in Armenien und Iberien ......... 114 V.3.2. Die Situation des Christentums und der Hebräer in der iberischen Hauptstadt Mcχeta .. ..................................................................................................................................... 118 V.3.3. Christianisierung Iberiens ............................................................................................ 120 3 V.3.4. Geschichte der 2. Hälfte des 4. Jh.s ............................................................................. 128 V.4. Ostgeorgien 5. Jh. – Christentum unter Sāsāniden ............................................................. 133 V.4.1. Die ersten Auswanderer Iberiens – nach Palästina, Antiochien und die Entstehung der armenischen Schrift ..................................................................................................................... 133 V.4.2. Christenverfolgungen und der Friedensschluss 409 – Iberien königlos ...................... 135 V.4.3. Yazdagirds Besänftigung durch den Bischof Marutha – Iberien hat wieder einen König : Arčil 411 ..................................................................................................................................... 135 V.4.4. Erster persischer Krieg 421/422 .................................................................................. 137 V.4.5. Die Schaffung der georgischen Schrift......................................................................... 138 V.4.6. 30er Jahre unter dem Šah Vahrām V. ......................................................................... 141 V.4.7. Zweiter persisch-byzantinischer Krieg 441/442 .......................................................... 143 V.4.8. Iberien ab 449 ohne König; Christenverfolgungen ...................................................... 143 V.4.9. Persisches Edikt 450, Aufstand in Armenien und Ende der Christenverfolgungen..... 144 V.4.10. Der iberische Pitiaχš Aršuša kehrt 455 nach Curtav zurück ........................................ 147 V.4.11. Kriege gegen Oseten (456) und in Westgeorgien........................................................ 148 V.4.12. Šušaniks Martyrium 467-474 ....................................................................................... 151 V.4.13. Der Krieg bei Dighomi 472 und der Friendensschluss 474 .......................................... 152 V.4.14. Vaχtang kämpft in Persien gegen die Hephthaliten 474-481 ...................................... 155 V.4.15. Vaχtang Gorgasali bricht mit Persien 481, Varskens Tod und der Aufstand der Armenier (481-484) ..................................................................................................................... 155 V.4.16. Der Balaš-Frieden 484 und Vaχtangs Rückkehr nach Iberien sowie die Bestellung eines ersten Katholikos in Mcχeta ........................................................................................................ 159 V.4.17. Tbilisi – zur neuen Hauptstadt vorgesehen, der Krieg 502 und Vaχtangs Tod ............ 161 V.5. Ostgeorgien 6. Jh. – persisches Marzpanat ......................................................................... 164 V.5.1. Situation am Beginn des 6. Jh. ..................................................................................... 164 V.5.2. Dači (502-514) erbaut Tbilisi als Hauptstadt ............................................................... 164 V.5.3. Das Martyrium der Kinder von Kola ............................................................................ 165 V.5.4. 4. Konzil in Dvin (506) für alle drei mia/monophysitischen Länder: Armenien, Iberien und Albanien – die Annahme des Henotikons Zenons................................................................ 166 4 V.5.5. Iberien zur Zeit des Kaisers Justinos I. (518-527) und der Aufstand Gurgens (526/7) bis zum „Ewigen Frieden“ ................................................................................................................. 168 V.5.6. Das Zeitalter Justinians (527-565) ............................................................................... 171 V.5.7. Bekehrung der Abχazen – Euphratas .......................................................................... 173 V.5.8. Iberien nach dem „ewigen Frieden“ wieder ein persisches Marzpanat ..................... 174 V.5.9. Parsman in Kaχeti und 13 syrische Väter ................................................................... 178 V.5.10. Justinian ersucht 551 Iberiens König Parsman um Waffenhilfe gegen die Alanen ..... 181 V.5.11. Concilium Constantinopolitanum II. / Das 2. Konzil von Konstantinopel (553) .......... 182 V.5.12. Konzil in Dvin (555) ...................................................................................................... 182 V.5.13. Der Aufstand von Mamikonean und Guaram Kuropalates (571) ................................ 183 V.5.14. Guaram wird iberischer König ..................................................................................... 186 V.5.15. Das innerarmenische kirchliche Schisma .................................................................... 189 V.5.16. Die Džvari-Kirche in Mcχeta ........................................................................................ 193 V.6. Ostgeorgien 7. Jh. – bis zu der Eroberung durch die Araber 645 ........................................ 195 V.6.1. 1. Krieg Persiens gegen Rom (604 -628) ...................................................................... 195 V.6.2. Armenien ohne monophysitischen Katholikos (604-607) ........................................... 198 V.6.3. Konzil in Dvin (606-608) und Wahl des monophysitischen Patriarchen Abraham (607) .. ..................................................................................................................................... 199 V.6.4. Schisma zwischen den Iberern und den Armeniern (608) .......................................... 202 V.6.5. Die Georgische Kirche unter dem armenischen Einfluss
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