DOCSLIB.ORG

U.S. Implementation of Prison Labor Agreements with China

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
U.S. Implementation of Prison Labor Agreements with China S. HRG. 105±253 U.S. IMPLEMENTATION OF PRISON LABOR AGREEMENTS WITH CHINA HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MAY 21, 1997 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 41±198 CC WASHINGTON : 1997 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS JESSE HELMS, North Carolina, Chairman RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware PAUL COVERDELL, Georgia PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts CRAIG THOMAS, Wyoming CHARLES S. ROBB, Virginia ROD GRAMS, Minnesota RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin JOHN ASHCROFT, Missouri DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California BILL FRIST, Tennessee PAUL D. WELLSTONE, Minnesota SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas JAMES W. NANCE, Staff Director EDWIN K. HALL, Minority Staff Director (II) CONTENTS Page Bader, Jeffrey A., Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, U.S. Department of State ...................................................................... 16 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 18 Fiedler, Jeffrey L., President, Food and Allied Service Trades Department, AFL±CIO, Washington, DC ................................................................................. 73 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 75 Johnson, Hon. James E., Assistant Secretary for Enforcement, U.S. Depart- ment of the Treasury ........................................................................................... 2 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 5 Levy, Peter B., President, Labelon/Noesting Company, Mt. Vernon, New York 64 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 67 Shenqi, Fu, Chinese dissident and Laogai Survivor, New York, New York ....... 72 Weise, Hon. George, Commissioner, U.S. Customs Service ................................. 7 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 9 Wu, Harry, Executive Director, Laogai Research Foundation, Milpitas, Cali- fornia ..................................................................................................................... 44 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 48 Shieh, Maranda, President, Greater Washington Network for Democracy in China and Friends of Hong Kong and Macao Association ............................... 68 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 71 APPENDIX Letter from Barbara Larkin, Assistant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Depart- ment of State, to Chairman Helms ..................................................................... 83 Responses of Mr. Bader to Questions Asked by Senator Helms .......................... 83 Letter from Liam Higgins, Office of Legislative Affairs, Department of the Treasury, to Chairman Helms ............................................................................ 155 Responses of Mr. Johnson to Questions Asked by Senator Wellstone ................ 155 Responses of Mr. Bader to Questions Asked by Senator Wellstone .................... 156 (III) U.S. IMPLEMENTATION OF PRISON LABOR AGREEMENTS WITH CHINA WEDNESDAY, MAY 21, 1997 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, Washington, DC. The committee met at 10:02 a.m., in room SD±419, Dirksen Sen- ate Office Building, Hon. Craig Thomas, presiding. Present: Senators Thomas, Ashcroft, Biden, Robb, Feingold, Fein- stein, and Wellstone. Senator THOMAS. Thank you very much, gentlemen. I will call the meeting of the committee to order. Let me first express the chairman's regrets that he is not here, but I think he will probably be here shortly. He is on the floor deal- ing with some issues and will be here, but we wanted to go forward with the hearing at the time that was prescribed. Let me ask consent to place into the record the chairman's state- ment. If he comes and wants to do it, of course he will be able to do that. Otherwise, it will be in the record. [The prepared statement of Chairman Helms follows:] PREPARED STATEMENT OF CHAIRMAN HELMS The Committee will come to order. The Foreign Relations Committee will this morning address the matter of U.S. enforcement of prison labor agreements with the People's Republic of China, which the Committee has not considered since 1991. Since then, a lot has happened. The United States has signed two agreements with China on prison labor. However, there continues to be evidence of Chinese prison labor imports to the United States and a disturbing lack of cooperation from the Chinese government. China's penal system relies on an extensive system of forced labor camps, farms, and factories. Prisoners can be sentenced to ``reform through labor'' as part of the judicial process, that is, as criminals, or administratively to ``reeducation through labor.'' This distinction has created a major problem in enforcement of the agree- ment between China and the U.S. on prison labor, with China refusing access to ``reeducation through labor'' facilities on the grounds that they are not prisons. Prisoners sentenced through the administrative process have not been tried or convicted of a crime. Often, prisoners are held in labor camps long after the comple- tion of their sentences. By one estimate, over half of China's prison labor goods are exported. Labor re- form facilities produce everything from agricultural products to manufactured goods, or as we will hear from the second panel of witnesses, everything from brake rotors to Christmas lights. Chinese authorities aggressively target foreign markets and business partners for joint ventures. We will hear from our witnesses today about American companies who knowingly contract for prison labor goods and sell them to the American public. An economy that relies heavily on prison labor is an awful truth of the Chinese system. But China's intentional export of prison labor exports to the U.S., China's largest market, is not simply repulsiveÐit is a violation of U.S. law. (1) 2 U.S. law has prohibited the importation of prison labor products from anywhere in the world since 1932. However, prison labor imports from the People's Republic of China constitute the largest group of cases open within the U.S. Customs Service. In an effort to enlist Chinese cooperation in enforcement of U.S. law, the U.S. con- cluded two agreements with the Chinese government on prison laborÐa 1992 Memorandum of Understanding, or M.O.U., and 1994 agreement called the State- ment of Cooperation, or S.O.C. These agreements are not working. This isn't my opinionÐit is the conclusion of the Clinton Administration which in its annual human rights reports, testimony to the Congress and publicly quoted internal documents has concluded that China is failing to comply with its obligations in the 1992 M.O.U. on prison labor. In fact, in December 1995, Customs Commissioner Weise, told his colleagues at the State Department and the U.S. Trade Representative's Office that in the Cus- toms Service's view, the Memorandum of Understanding and the Statement of Co- operation are ``not working at this point and there is nothing more U.S. Customs can do to make [them] work.'' The State Department also has concluded that China is not complying with its obligations under the prison labor memorandum of understanding. In this year and previous years, the annual human rights report on China has noted ``limited'' or ``stalled'' cooperation with the M.O.U.. According to the State Department, China categorically refuses to admit American officials to visit ``re-education through labor'' facilities on the grounds that these are not prisons and are not therefore covered by the M.O.U. I suspect there is a great deal more the State Department can say than these sparing comments in the human rights reports. I look forward to hearing from the Administration witnesses, Commissioner of Customs, George Weise (Weiss), Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Enforce- ment, James Johnson, and Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Jeffrey Bader. These witnesses will be followed by a second panel, which I will introduce later. Senator THOMAS. Our first panel consists of the Honorable James Johnson, Assistant Secretary for Enforcement, U.S. Department of the Treasury; the Honorable George Weise, Commissioner, U.S. Customs Service; and Mr. Jeffrey Bader, Deputy Assistant Sec- retary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs. Why do we not begin then with Mr. Johnson, if you will, sir? STATEMENT OF HON. JAMES E. JOHNSON, ASSISTANT SEC- RETARY FOR ENFORCEMENT, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Mr. JOHNSON. Thank you, Senator Thomas. To you, Senator Thomas, and to the members and the staff of this committee, I appreciate the opportunity to discuss with you today a very important trade issue: Our responsibility to ban from U.S. markets products of forced labor manufactured in the People's Republic of China. In my written testimony, I cover in greater detail three issues. One, I provide an overview of the Custom Service's role in forced labor enforcement. Two, I discuss the status and outlook for en- forcement arrangements with China and,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Harmfully Isolated Criminalizing Sex Work in Hong Kong
    HARMFULLY ISOLATED CRIMINALIZING SEX WORK IN HONG KONG Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2016 Cover photo: Tourists stroll through the red light district in Hong Kong, 10 January 2012. Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons © DPA Germany (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2016 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: ASA 17/4032/2016 Original language: English a mnesty.org CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 2. METHODOLOGY 12 3. SEX WORK IN HONG KONG 13 3.1 Venues for sex work 14 3.2 The number of sex workers 15 3.3 Reasons for engaging in sex work 15 3.4 Sexual health and access to services 16 3.5 The criminalization of sex work 17 4. POLICING OF SEX WORK 19 4.1 Extortion for money or sexual services 20 4.2 Reciept of sexual services as an investigatory technique 22 4.3 Entrapment 23 4.4 Obtaining confessions through coercion or deception 27 4.5 Failure to inform suspects of their rights 29 4.6 Condoms as evidence 31 4.7 Electronic communications as evidence 33 4.8 Abuses against transgender sex workers 33 5.
    [Show full text]
  • . . 93 If You Have Issues Viewing Or Accessing This File Contact Us At
    --_._. If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. , , EXPRRTS' PAPERS INNER LONDON PROBATION AND AFTER-CARE SERVICE cover. This is an issue to which the courts anything to jeopardise taking part in the offenders but we also believe that we have previously removed. In addition, he has make no reference when imposing driving race, not just from the team-mate, but begun to ask the right questions. been known to take buses and articulated bans, and it is often only when the offend­ from all the project members. Occasionally, Offering to offenders the free facility lorries. He was at one time made the sub­ er tries to run a car legitimately that he the group decides to suspend a member for of using welding, paint-spraying, body­ ject of a Hospital order by the court-and discovers the full extent of the penalties a limited time if his behaviour puts others building and engine tuning equipment and drove himself home from hospital in an incurred. at risk, but on reinstatement, he is again making profeSSional instruction available ambulance! In one appearance before the Whilst these broadly educative aspects given opportunities to be trusted and make has at times understandably provoked crown court, he was harangued at length of the programme were being established, a constructive cC'r'tributiofl. Banger-racing some resentment among the law-abiding and very severely by the judge on the un­ those involved were actively searching for offers competition, companionship, sports­ neighbours who complain that it pays acceptability of this kind of behaviour, and some legitimate driving outlet for those manship, excitement and achievement in youngsters to become auto-crime offenders.
    [Show full text]
  • Laogai Handbook 劳改手册 2007-2008
    L A O G A I HANDBOOK 劳 改 手 册 2007 – 2008 The Laogai Research Foundation Washington, DC 2008 The Laogai Research Foundation, founded in 1992, is a non-profit, tax-exempt organization [501 (c) (3)] incorporated in the District of Columbia, USA. The Foundation’s purpose is to gather information on the Chinese Laogai - the most extensive system of forced labor camps in the world today – and disseminate this information to journalists, human rights activists, government officials and the general public. Directors: Harry Wu, Jeffrey Fiedler, Tienchi Martin-Liao LRF Board: Harry Wu, Jeffrey Fiedler, Tienchi Martin-Liao, Lodi Gyari Laogai Handbook 劳改手册 2007-2008 Copyright © The Laogai Research Foundation (LRF) All Rights Reserved. The Laogai Research Foundation 1109 M St. NW Washington, DC 20005 Tel: (202) 408-8300 / 8301 Fax: (202) 408-8302 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.laogai.org ISBN 978-1-931550-25-3 Published by The Laogai Research Foundation, October 2008 Printed in Hong Kong US $35.00 Our Statement We have no right to forget those deprived of freedom and 我们没有权利忘却劳改营中失去自由及生命的人。 life in the Laogai. 我们在寻求真理, 希望这类残暴及非人道的行为早日 We are seeking the truth, with the hope that such horrible 消除并且永不再现。 and inhumane practices will soon cease to exist and will never recur. 在中国，民主与劳改不可能并存。 In China, democracy and the Laogai are incompatible. THE LAOGAI RESEARCH FOUNDATION Table of Contents Code Page Code Page Preface 前言 ...............................................................…1 23 Shandong Province 山东省.............................................. 377 Introduction 概述 .........................................................…4 24 Shanghai Municipality 上海市 .......................................... 407 Laogai Terms and Abbreviations 25 Shanxi Province 山西省 ................................................... 423 劳改单位及缩写............................................................28 26 Sichuan Province 四川省 ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Crusaders Against Opium: Protestant Missionaries in China, 1874-1917
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Christianity Religion 1996 Crusaders Against Opium: Protestant Missionaries in China, 1874-1917 Kathleen L. Lodwick Pennsylvania State University Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Lodwick, Kathleen L., "Crusaders Against Opium: Protestant Missionaries in China, 1874-1917" (1996). Christianity. 3. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_christianity/3 CRUSADERS AGAINST OPIUM This page intentionally left blank CRUSADERS AGAINST OPIUM Protestant Missionaries in China, 1874-1917 KATHLEEN L. LODWICK THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY Copyright © 1996 by The University Press of Kentucky Paperback edition 2009 The University Press of Kentucky Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University. All rights reserved. Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky 663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008 www.kentuckypress.com Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-8131-9285-7 (pbk: acid-free paper) This book is printed on acid-free recycled paper meeting the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials.
    [Show full text]
  • China (Includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau) 2016 Human Rights Report
    CHINA (INCLUDES TIBET, HONG KONG, AND MACAU) 2016 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is an authoritarian state in which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the paramount authority. CCP members hold almost all top government and security apparatus positions. Ultimate authority rests with the CCP Central Committee’s 25-member Political Bureau (Politburo) and its seven-member Standing Committee. Xi Jinping continued to hold the three most powerful positions as CCP general secretary, state president, and chairman of the Central Military Commission. Civilian authorities maintained control of the military and internal security forces. Repression and coercion of organizations and individuals involved in civil and political rights advocacy as well as in public interest and ethnic minority issues remained severe. As in previous years, citizens did not have the right to choose their government and elections were restricted to the lowest local levels of governance. Authorities prevented independent candidates from running in those elections, such as delegates to local people’s congresses. Citizens had limited forms of redress against official abuse. Other serious human rights abuses included arbitrary or unlawful deprivation of life, executions without due process, illegal detentions at unofficial holding facilities known as “black jails,” torture and coerced confessions of prisoners, and detention and harassment of journalists, lawyers, writers, bloggers, dissidents, petitioners, and others whose actions the authorities deemed unacceptable. There was also a lack of due process in judicial proceedings, political control of courts and judges, closed trials, the use of administrative detention, failure to protect refugees and asylum seekers, extrajudicial disappearances of citizens, restrictions on nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), discrimination against women, minorities, and persons with disabilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Undermining Freedom of Expression in China the Role of Yahoo!, Microsoft and Google
    UNDERMINING FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN CHINA The role of Yahoo!, Microsoft and Google Amnesty International ‘And of course, the information society’s very life blood is freedom. It is freedom that enables citizens everywhere to benefit from knowledge, journalists to do their essential work, and citizens to hold government accountable. Without openness, without the right to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers, the information revolution will stall, and the information society we hope to build will be stillborn.’ KofiA nnan, UN Secretary General Published in July 2006 by Amnesty International UK The Human Rights Action Centre 17-25 New Inn Yard London EC2A 3EA United Kingdom www.amnesty.org.uk ISBN: 187332866 4 ISBN: 978-1-873328-66-8 AI Index: POL 30/026/2006 £5.99 CONTENTS Executive summary 4 1. Freedom of expression 8 1.1 A fundamental human right 8 1.2 Internet governance and human rights 8 2. Human rights responsibilities of companies 10 2.1 Responsibilities of Internet hardware and software companies 11 3. The human rights situation in China: an overview 13 3.1 The crackdown on human rights defenders 13 3.2 Curtailment of freedom of expression 14 3.3 Internet censorship in China 16 4. The role of Yahoo!, Microsoft and Google 17 4.1 Mismatch between values and actions 17 4.2 Contravening their principle that users come first 23 4.3 Uncovering their defences 23 4.4 From denial to acknowledgement 26 5. Recommendations for action 28 EXEcutIVE SuMMARY Amnesty International has produced many reports documenting the Chinese government’s violations of human rights.1 The expansion of investment in China by foreign companies in the field of information and communications technology puts them at risk of contributing to certain types of violation, particularly those relating to freedom of expression and the suppression of dissent.
    [Show full text]
  • One Year After the Nobel Peace Prize Award to Liu Xiaobo” ______
    Tuesday, December 6th, 2011 CECC Hearing: “One Year After the Nobel Peace Prize Award to Liu Xiaobo” _______ Testimony of Harry Wu Executive Director of Laogai Research Foundation & Laogai Museum It has been one year since Liu Xiaobo was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and now, just as then, he is still in jail. In 1960 I too was put in China’s Laogai prison camps because of my ideas, and I was there for 19 years. Fifty years later, China’s regime has not changed how it handles dissenting opinions. I hope that today’s hearing will draw renewed attention to Liu’s case and remind the world what China does to those who dare to talk peacefully about democracy. Many people know that Liu was sentenced on charges of “inciting subversion”, but what crime did he really commit? Over the past few years, Liu has sent over 260 articles to our Observe China website for publication, and has also written on countless other overseas websites. His verdict mentioned several “subversive” articles by name, including three articles published on the Observe China website, including: “Can It Be That the Chinese People Deserve Only ‘Party-led Democracy’?”, “The Many Aspects of CPC Dictatorship”, and “Changing the Regime by Changing the Society”. Observe China is blocked by the “Great Firewall” and is inaccessible to most mainland Chinese Internet users. How does the CCP block controversial articles, while at the same time tracking their writers and readers? We have American technology companies to thank for this, and ultimately, for the arrest of great thinkers like Liu Xiaobo.
    [Show full text]
  • Working Paper No. 473 Chinese Statistics: Output Data
    Working Paper No. 473 Chinese Statistics: Output Data by Carsten A. Holz March 2013 Stanford University John A. and Cynthia Fry Gunn Building 366 Galvez Street | Stanford, CA | 94305-6015 Chinese Statistics: Output Data Carsten A. Holz* March 2013 Abstract China is the world’s second-largest economy and its output data are being closely watched. The release of the latest GDP data by China’s National Bureau of Statistics can be felt on stock markets around the globe, and may influence a broad range of economic decisions ranging from companies’ investment strategies to monetary policy. But China’s GDP data are poorly understood. GDP in one year may be revised upward by 16.8 percent, while rural household consumption falls by 26.6 percent and government consumption rises by 41.1 percent. Data series appear to be revised every few years, even outside official benchmark revisions. The labor share in income is retrospectively revised to fall by more than 10 percent, and a few years later it is raised back to near its original level. Nominal data are retrospectively revised when an economic census newly discovers previously uncounted economic activities in the census year, but real growth rates are not retrospectively revised, implying a revised deflator for periods many years earlier. Data series end while series with similarly sounding labels newly start. The list is long. But explanations of what is happening to the data are almost always missing. This manuscript first specifies what official data are available for. It then proceeds to examine the quality of these data: it explains statistical breaks, resolves inconsistencies to the extent possible, and describes the limitations of different series.
    [Show full text]
  • Working Conditions and Worker Rights in China: Recent Developments
    WORKING CONDITIONS AND WORKER RIGHTS IN CHINA: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS HEARING BEFORE THE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JULY 31, 2012 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 76–387 PDF WASHINGTON : 2012 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS House Senate CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, SHERROD BROWN, Ohio, Cochairman Chairman MAX BAUCUS, Montana FRANK WOLF, Virginia CARL LEVIN, Michigan DONALD A. MANZULLO, Illinois DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California EDWARD R. ROYCE, California JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon TIM WALZ, Minnesota SUSAN COLLINS, Maine MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio JAMES RISCH, Idaho MICHAEL HONDA, California EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS SETH D. HARRIS, Department of Labor MARIA OTERO, Department of State FRANCISCO J. SA´ NCHEZ, Department of Commerce KURT M. CAMPBELL, Department of State NISHA DESAI BISWAL, U.S. Agency for International Development PAUL B. PROTIC, Staff Director LAWRENCE T. LIU, Deputy Staff Director (II) CO N T E N T S STATEMENTS Page Opening statement of Hon. Christopher Smith, a U.S. Representative from New Jersey; Chairman, Congressional-Executive Commission on China ....... 1 Brown, Hon. Sherrod, a U.S. Senator from Ohio; Cochairman, Congressional- Executive Commission on China ........................................................................ 3 Kernaghan, Charles, Executive Director, Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights ...................................................................................................... 6 Li, Qiang, Executive Director and Founder, China Labor Watch ......................
    [Show full text]
  • Forced Labor in China Roundtable Congressional
    FORCED LABOR IN CHINA ROUNDTABLE BEFORE THE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JUNE 22, 2005 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 22–613 PDF WASHINGTON : 2005 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:09 Aug 08, 2005 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 D:\DOCS\22613.TXT China1 PsN: DEIDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Senate House CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska, Chairman JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa, Co-Chairman SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas DAVID DREIER, California GORDON SMITH, Oregon FRANK R. WOLF, Virginia JIM DEMINT, South Carolina JOSEPH R. PITTS, Pennsylvania MEL MARTINEZ, Florida ROBERT B. ADERHOLT, Alabama MAX BAUCUS, Montana CARL LEVIN, Michigan DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California BYRON DORGAN, North Dakota EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS STEPHEN J. LAW, Department of Labor PAULA DOBRIANSKY, Department of State DAVID DORMAN, Staff Director (Chairman) JOHN FOARDE, Staff Director (Co-Chairman) (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:09 Aug 08, 2005 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 D:\DOCS\22613.TXT China1 PsN: DEIDRE C O N T E N T S Page STATEMENTS Wu, Harry, founder and Executive Director, Laogai Research Foundation, Washington, DC ................................................................................................... 2 Fiedler, Jeffrey L., President, Food and Allied Service Trades Department, AFL–CIO, co-founder, Laogai Research Foundation ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Resources in English on the Criminal Justice System of the People's Republic of China
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research John Jay College of Criminal Justice 2014 Resources in English on the criminal justice system of the People’s Republic of China Ellen Sexton CUNY John Jay College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/jj_pubs/150 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Resources in English on the Criminal Justice System of the People’s Republic of China Ellen Sexton John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York ensational stories in the Western English language media from the world’s most populous country and second biggest economy have been captivating audiences with glimpses of the contemporary SChinese criminal justice system. Our screens in 2012 showed the arrest and subsequent disappearance of high-flying politician and provincial chief Bo Xi Lai, the unsuccessful attempt of his police chief in seeking asylum, the single-day trial and conviction of his wife for murdering a British “fixer”, and the dramatic escape from rural house arrest of blind activist “barefoot lawyer Chen Guang Cheng. All of this playing out against a background of mind-blowing income inequality, conspicuous luxury consumption, high- tech goods produced in prison-like conditions, widespread corruption, repression, mass protests, and censorship. The year concluded with the 341 342 Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement historically unusual peaceful transition of power among the top leadership.
    [Show full text]
  • Classicide in Communist China
    Comparative Civilizations Review Volume 67 Number 67 Fall 2012 Article 11 10-1-2012 Classicide in Communist China Harry Wu Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr Recommended Citation Wu, Harry (2012) "Classicide in Communist China," Comparative Civilizations Review: Vol. 67 : No. 67 , Article 11. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr/vol67/iss67/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Comparative Civilizations Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Wu: Classicide in Communist China 102 Number 67, Fall 2012 Classicide in Communist China Harry Wu Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, China has known only one form of government: the authoritarian communism of Mao Zedong. Although China has undergone 30 years of major social and economic transitions, from a political standpoint, the fundamental system of dictatorship established by Mao Zedong has not changed. Why? Because China’s leaders are deeply afraid of falling from power and allowing real freedom, democracy, and human rights to flourish. The Party of Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao is the party of Mao Zedong. We cannot just forget the crimes committed against humanity over the course of its 60-year history. The world rightfully remembers the tragedy of the Holocaust where around 20 million were killed. But many in the West do not realize that genocide has taken place on an even greater scale in the People’s Republic of China.
    [Show full text]