Traffic Calming Resource Guide

Home , Rumble strip, Traffic calming, Traffic island

South Central Regional Council of Governments

A FFIC C LMI TRA NG

Fitzgerald & Halliday, Inc. Prepared by: Hartford, CT 06016 in association with: Clough Harbor Associates South Central Regional Council of Governments

A FFIC C LMI TRA NG

Traffic Calming Resource Guide June 2008

Fitzgerald & Halliday, Inc. Prepared by: Hartford, CT 06016 in association with: Clough Harbor Associates FIC CALM AF ING TR Table of Contents A FFIC C LMI  Contents TRA NG

 Introduction...... 1 Definition of Traffic Calming:...... 2 History of Traffic Calming...... 2  Toolbox...... 4 1. Speed Control Measures...... 8 Speed Hump...... 8 Speed Table...... 8 Raised Crosswalk...... 9 Raised Intersection...... 9 Rumble Strip...... 10 Textured and Colored Pavement...... 10 On-street parking: Parallel & Angled Parking...... 11 Modern Roundabout...... 11 Traffic Circle...... 12 Narrowed Lanes...... 12 Neckdown/Bulb Out/Curb Extension...... 13 Chicane...... 13 Traffic Islands and Medians...... 14 Landscaping...... 14 Gateways...... 15 Stationary Radar Signs/Speed Display Board...... 15 Pavement Markings/Stencils...... 16 Signage...... 16 Edge Treatment...... 17 Reduced Corner Radii...... 17 2. Volume Control Measures...... 18 Roadway Closure...... 18 Diverters...... 19 Turn Restrictions...... 19 One-way Streets/Circulation Changes...... 20 3. Safety Enhancements...... 21 In-Pavement Lighting...... 21 Bike Lanes...... 21

i A FFIC C LMI  Contents TRA NG

 Traffic Calming Process...... 22 Initiate a Study...... 24 Develop a Plan...... 27 Funding and Design...... 30 Installation and Evaluation...... 31  SCRCOG Region Pilot Project Documentation  APPENDIX

 FIGURES: Figure 1: The Process of a Traffic Calming Project...... 23 Figure 2: Traffic Calming Evaluation Matrix (partial) ...... 28

 TABLES: Table 1: Traffic Calming Summary Matrix...... 5 Table 2: Traffic Data Studies...... 27 Table 3: Project Scoring...... 30

ii FIC CALM AF ING TR Introduction A FFIC C LMI  In t r o d u c t i o n TRA NG

The South Central Regional Council of Governments (SCROG) has prepared this Traffic Calming Resource Guide to assist its member communities. The goal of this guide is to be a “go to” resource for each municipality as they plan and implement traffic calming. The guide is presented in a three-ring binder format that can be easily modified as necessary to support the individual municipal traffic calming programs and initiatives.

The materials have been compiled and crafted knowing that their initial use is to cover a broad range of applications and area types. We encourage each municipality to fine tune the materials to support their local policies and specific goals.

The materials presented in this guide include:

• Definition and History of Traffic Calming

• A Toolbox of Traffic Calming Strategies

• An outline suggesting the Traffic Calming Study Evaluation Process

• Pilot project documentation with the SCRCOG regions - Wallingford, CT

• An Appendix including:

–– A listing of useful traffic calming resources

–– A glossary of terms

–– Other relevant materials

We hope that you can use these materials to promote safe and attractive streets that maintain or improve the quality of life in your neighborhoods.

1 A FFIC C LMI  In t r o d u c t i o n TRA NG

Definition of Traffic Calming:

The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) definition for traffic calming is:

“Traffic calming is the combination of mainly physical measures that reduce the negative effects of motor vehicle use, alter driver behavior, and improve conditions for non-motorized street users.”

By design, traffic calming is a self-enforcing traffic management approach that forces motorists to alter their speed or direction of travel. The purpose of traffic calming is to improve safety, especially for pedestrians and bicyclists, and to improve the environment or “livability” of streets for residents and visitors. Enhanced safety is one of the most fundamental benefits of traffic calming. By decreasing volume and/or reducing speed the number and severity of accidents is greatly diminished.

The objectives of traffic calming include: • Slow vehicular travel speeds • Increase safety for non-motorized street users • Reduce the frequency and severity of collisions • Increase access for all modes • Reduce the need for police enforcement • Enhance the street environment • Reduce cut-through motor vehicle travel patterns

Traffic calming techniques may include education, enforcement, or engineering – “the three E’s” – to shift traffic patterns and/or reduce speeds. Most traffic calming measures focus on engineering changes to alter driver behavior. Traffic calming techniques may include physical changes such as roadway narrowing, speed humps, raised intersections, traffic circles, pavement markings, signage, and others. Education and enforcement efforts should be considered prior to engineering alternatives and as a complement to engineering efforts.

History of Traffic Calming

The Institute of Transportation Engineers, “Traffic Calming: State of the Practice” (Ewing, Reid, 1988) was referenced to compile this history of traffic calming.

Traffic calming began in Europe in the late 1960’s as part of a grassroots movement by the residents of the Dutch city of Delft to reclaim their streets. Angry with cut-through traffic, the residents transformed their streets into obstacle courses called “woonerven” or living yards, by placing benches, sandboxes and parking bays jutting into the streets. Woonerven were endorsed by the government in 1976. Soon this idea spread to other areas such as Germany, Sweden, Denmark, England, France, Japan, Israel, Austria, and Switzerland. Realizing the shortcomings of the Woonerven, the Dutch experimented with other treatment types to save on costs and achieve a broader use application. The traffic calming alternative involving humps and other physical measures was endorsed in 1983. Again other nations followed this lead to also achieve reduction in speeds and accidents and a better quality of life for their streets.

Germany began applying neighborhood traffic calming in the late 1970’s and this was termed “verkehrsberuhigung” which is translated as traffic calming. Their early experiences showed that calm-

2 A FFIC C LMI  In t r o d u c t i o n TRA NG

ing individual streets can lead to traffic diversion so they began to consider area-wide traffic calming. Their positive results also prompted other cities to consider area-wide traffic calming programs. Aus- tralia has also been a leader in implementing traffic calming measures and is often noted for its use of the modern roundabout.

In the United States, the use of street closures and traffic diverters dates back to the late 1940’s/early 1950’s and the first area-wide traffic calming planning was conducted by Seattle, Washington in the early 1970’s (Stevens Neighborhood). Some of the earliest projects were implemented in Berkeley, California; Eugene, Oregon; Charlotte, North Carolina; Montgomery County, Maryland; and San Jose, California. The first national study of traffic calming was completed around 1980 and subsequent studies have been performed as the field has matured.

There are several trends and lessons from the European and Australian experience as well as the Se- attle, Washington project that are very relevant today. These include: • A shift in types of measures from volume control to speed control • A shift from simple to diverse programs • The need to not just consider spots but area-wide treatments • The need to assess public support for the treatments • The need to test measures on a temporary basis before installing permanently • The need to consider emergency services concerns and access • The need to evaluate before and after studies The toolbox of calming methods available to planners and engineers continues to grow, and more communities are implementing traffic calming projects. One component receiving increased attention is the importance of education in the overall effort to slow down traffic. Several studies have shown that many of the speeders in a neighborhood are area residents and not outsiders, as previously thought.

New construction methods and materials continue to be developed to improve safety and contribute to an attractive streetscape. Recent research is also investigating what effects traffic calming has on air quality. Certain methods, such as speed humps, that interrupt traffic flow may increase vehicular fuel consumption and exhaust emission rates. The quantification of these environmental impacts may force town planners and engineers to re-examine the balance between calming traffic and environmental concerns, and may, in the future, narrow the available choices within the traffic calming toolbox.

There are several municipalities in Connecticut that have developed traffic calming programs or implemented traffic calming measures. Some of these include: Hartford, West Hartford, Stamford, Mansfield, South Windsor, and Greenwich. The South Western Regional Planning Agency has also prepared a Traffic Calming Toolbox.

3 FIC CALM AF ING TR Traffic Calming Toolbox A FFIC C LMI  To o l b o x TRA NG

The following pages describe and illustrate each of the traffic calming tools included in this resource guide. There is not a single tool to solve all traffic issues and one tool that may work well in one area for a particular issue may not be effective in another situation. Key to successful traffic calming is community acceptance and municipal support/maintenance. Not every tool may be appropriate or acceptable for each municipality.

Traffic calming measures can generally be separated into three groups based on the goal they are trying to achieve: speed control, volume control, and safety enhancement. These three categories are not as distinct as they may seem as speed reduction measures may divert traffic to other streets and efforts to control cut-through traffic may also decrease the speeds of the traffic using the road. Safety enhancement measures are not implemented for the sole purpose of calming traffic rather they are installed to address a safety concern. However, certain safety enhancements have the additional benefit of raising driver awareness and slowing traffic. Effective traffic calming strategies often include using more than one of the tools. Traffic calming should be designed with a systematic approach with appropriate and frequent enough spacing of measures and consideration for secondary effects of the installations. Speed Control Measures: • Speed Hump • Modern Roundabout • Landscaping • Speed Table • Traffic Circle • Gateway • Raised Crosswalk • Narrowed Lane • Stationary Radar Sign/Speed • Raised Intersection • Neckdown/Bulb Out/Curb Display Board • Rumble Strip Extension • Pavement Marking • Textured and Colored • Chicane • Signage Pavement • Traffic Island/Median • Edge Treatment • On-Street Parking • Reduced Corner Radii

Volume Control Measures: • Roadway Closure In addition to describing the tools, a list of general pros and cons as- • Diverter sociated with each tool is also presented. The intent is to provide the • Turn Restriction reader with a quick indication of what might be expected if this mea- • One-way Street/ sure is implemented. Again, certain measures may or may not realize Circulation Change their full advantage or drawbacks depending on site specific conditions and circumstances. Safety Enhancements:

1 • In-Pavement Lighting Also included for each measure is a rough or relative cost . The costs • Bike Lane are broken down into ranges low, moderate, and high. Costs can vary significantly depending on materials, design requirements, etc. The costs as presented do not include maintenance of the measures after they are installed. It is recommended that additional cost research be done to confirm and customize costs prior to finalizing any traffic calming plan. The summary Matrix (Table 1) lists the traffic calming tools in the resource guide and provides a brief description of each measure, the issue it’s intended to address, what it’s best used for and not intended to be used for, an idea of cost (where available), and other commentary regarding the tool. This matrix is a concise summary of the traffic calming tools.

1. Costs best information as of 2008, Spring

4 Table 1: Traffic Calming Summary Matrix

Measure Description Issue Best For Not Used For Costs Considerations

Speed Hump Raised area of roadway typically 12 to 22 feet in length Speed Reduction• Neighborhood streets • Arterials, highways, other main $1,000 - $12,000 Can interfere with transit, snow plow, and emergency vehicle roadways each operations. Speed humps increase roadway noise and wear on vehicle suspensions. Highly visible warning signage required.

Speed Table Elongated speed hump 22 feet in length or greater Speed Reduction• Neighborhood streets • Arterials, highways, other main $2,000 - $15,000 Can interfere with transit, snow plow, and emergency vehicle roadways each operations. Speed tables increase roadway noise and wear on vehicle suspensions. Highly visible warning signage required.

Raised Elongated speed hump which features a flat top at the Pedestrian Safety • Areas where pedestrian traffic • Arterials, highways, other main $2,000 - $15,000 Raised crosswalks can decrease pedestrian caution before Crosswalk same elevation as adjacent sidewalks Speed Reduction takes priority over vehicular roadways each stepping into roadway. traffic

Raised Similar to raised crosswalks, except the entire Pedestrian Safety • Areas with heavy pedestrian • Arterials, highways, other main $50,000 - $200,000 Raised intersections provide a barrier-free crossing for Intersection intersection is at sidewalk grade Speed Reduction trafﬁc, such as shopping areas roadways each pedestrians and slow all vehicles, including emergency vehicles and college campuses. and transit buses.

Rumble Strip Raised buttons or grooves closely spaced on the Speed Reduction• Transitions between higher- • Areas that are highly noise $7 - $10/foot Only effective through the noise and vibration they create. They roadway travel lane or shoulder surface to create noise speed and lower-speed sensitive are not favored in residential areas due to noise impacts. and vibration sections of a roadway

Textured Used to delineate an area with high pedestrian activity Pedestrian Safety • Areas with heavy pedestrian • Arterials, highways, other main Moderate to high Maintenance and life cycle should be considered when selecting and Colored Speed Reduction trafﬁc, such as neighborhood roadways materials. Only certain techniques allowed on state roads with Pavement shopping areas and college municipal - state agreement. campuses

On-Street Parallel and angled parking can be used to narrow travel Pedestrian Safety • Village environments • Arterials, highways, and other Low Angled parking creates more right-of-way impacts than parallel Parking lane width and provide a buffer between motorists and Speed Reduction • Wide roadways main roadways parking, but also accommodates more parked vehicles per pedestrians block. Drivers have reduced visibility backing out of angled parking spots, posing a greater accident risk.

Modern A modern roundabout is a large raised island in the Crash Reduction• Intersections on high volume • Smaller or low-volume $80,000 - $800,000 Modern roundabouts require more right-of-way than traditional Roundabout center of an intersection. All entering traffic circles to the arterials with a history of high intersections each, depending intersections. This additional right-of-way may require right and yields to vehicles already in the roundabout. crash rate or long queues • Intersections with on diameter, right- eliminating existing on-street parking. They require more Left-turning movements are eliminated. They are used in • Intersections with more than 4 disproportionate volume on of-way, number of maintenance than traditional intersections, and are more difficult place of traffic signals at high volume arterials. approaches approaches lanes, landscaping to navigate for large vehicles such as fire trucks and transit • Intersections with heavy left- buses. turn volume

Trafﬁc Circle Much smaller than modern roundabouts, trafﬁc circles Speed Reduction• Neighborhood streets that have • Multi-lane roadways $6,000 - $12,000 Can provide a gateway or neighborhood identity. are installed inside existing intersections and require a history of high speeds and each motorists to slow down to navigate around them. high crash rates at intersections

Narrowed Roadway lanes are narrowed from typical cross-sections Speed Reduction• Minor arterials • Heavily traveled or high speed $1,000 - $10,000/ Narrowing trafﬁc lanes make slower speeds seem more natural Lane of 12-15 feet to 11 or fewer feet per lane through the use • Collectors roadways mile to drivers and less of an artiﬁcial imposition compared to other of painted lane markers, new parking lanes, new bicycle • Local roads physical calming treatments. Adequate width for emergency lanes, or relocated curbing. vehicle access must still be provided. Measure Description Issue Best For Not Used For Costs Considerations

Neckdown/ Brieﬂy narrow the roadway by extending the curb at Pedestrian Safety • Areas with pedestrian trafﬁc • Arterials $2,000 - $20,000 May require eliminating some on-street parking and may hinder Bulb Out/Curb intersections or mid-block locations Speed Reduction and wider roadway cross- • Narrow streets each, depending street plowing and sweeping operations Extension sections upon size and • Village environments material

Chicane Sets of two or more alternating curb bulb outs or Speed Reduction • Neighborhood streets that • Arterials, highways, other main $10,000 - $30,000 Concrete chicanes complicate street maintenance and drainage extensions that narrow and realign the roadway and Cut-Through experience high speeds or roadways and may require additional right-of-way to construct. Chicanes Trafﬁc heavy cut-through trafﬁc volume created through pavement striping are cost-effective and easy to implement. On-street parking can be alternated from side-to-side along the street.

Traffic Islands Concrete or landscaped islands and medians slow travel Pedestrian Safety • Roadways with wide rights-of- • Already narrow roads, or Varies depending Islands and medians can provide a visual enhancement or and Medians speeds by narrowing lanes and also improve pedestrians Speed Reduction way that would benefit from roadways with frequent on length, materials, gateway to promote neighborhood identity. They may reduce accommodation by providing a pedestrian refuge at slower speeds and improved driveways and right-of-way parking and driveway access and may increase motor vehicle crossings. pedestrian safety availability conflicts with bicycles.

Landscaping The use of plantings such as trees to visually alert drivers Speed Reduction• Residential or village Moderate to high Maintenance requirements to slow down environments

Gateway Signage, landscaping, or art that alerts drivers of Speed Reduction• Residential or village entrances • Highways Varies An excellent opportunity to add character or identity to a upcoming village, neighborhood, or danger community.

Stationary Dynamic signs that advise motorists of their speed and Speed Reduction• Any roadway from $5,000 - $15,000 Radar signs have proven to slow down traffic, even years after Radar Sign/ the posted speed limit neighborhood street to each their initial installation. They are particularly effective on high Speed limited-access freeway where volume arterials and highways, where physical measures would Display Board observed speeds consistently restrict traffic flow. exceed the speed limit - they are particularly popular in school zones.

Pavement Painted markings or warnings on roadway surface Speed Reduction• Areas where signage alone can Low Easily wears off and requires regular maintenance Marking beneﬁt from additional warning reinforcement

Signage Standard or customized signs alerting drivers; often Speed Reduction• Areas where inadequate Low (varies Limited traffic-calming effect when used alone - complements complements other traffic calming tools. signage is present depending on type other traffic-calming strategies and amount of signage)

Edge Raised curb installations signal a lower design speed to Speed Reduction• Areas with adequate right-of- • Highways or anywhere the Moderate to high Raised curbs allow placing trees and street furniture closer to Treatment drivers way curbing would create a hazard. the roadway, producing an additional calming effect.

Reduced Corner curb is squared off requiring motorists to slow to Pedestrian Safety • Typically used in conjunction • Arterials, highways, other main $2,000 - $20,000 The reduced turning radius can limit truck and bus turning, Corner Radii navigate a tighter turn with a smaller radius. Speed Reduction with other calming methods roadways complicating emergency vehicle, delivery truck, and transit in areas with high pedestrian operations. Careful design is required. activity. Measure Description Issue Best For Not Used For Costs Considerations

Roadway The most extreme form of traffic diversion, roadway Cut-Through Traffic • Neighborhood streets where • Arterials, highways, other main Low, varies Street closures divert all through traffic onto other nearby Closure closures interrupt the traffic grid pattern by creating dead- all other calming attempts have roadways, transit routes, and depending roadways in the network. end or cul-de-sac street segments. failed anywhere street continuity is on materials, desired landscaping

Diverter Several types of diverters, such as semi-diverters and Cut-Through Traffic • Neighborhood streets that • Arterials, highways, other main $15,000 - $45,000 Diverters reduce through traffic without preventing pedestrian diagonal diverters, may be used to restrict traffic flow and experience high cut-through roadways and transit routes access. They can also be designed to allow bicycle traffic. discourage cut-through traffic traffic volume

Turn Restricting certain turns at intersections to influence Cut-Through Traffic • Low-volume turning movement • High-volume intersections and Low Can be difficult to enforce Restriction travel patterns turning movements

One-way Used to reduce traffic volume on specific roads within Cut-Through Traffic • Low volume neighborhoods • Isolated higher-volume arterials Varies - relatively Circulation changes will have secondary impacts on adjacent Street/ a network. Strategies include changing one or more with comprehensive grid • Transit routes or major low roadways that must be considered. Circulation segments of two-way roads to one-way and restricting network emergency response routes Change certain turning movements at intersections. • High cut-through neighborhoods

In-pavement Crosswalk with embedded lights along its length that is Pedestrian Safety• High pedestrian activity areas • Rural or highway settings $35,000 Snow-covered roads can cover lights and/or activation sensors. Lighting activated by a pedestrian • School campuses • Transit centers

Bike Lane Designating a portion of the roadway cross-section Speed Control• Urban arterials • Highways Low Requires regular paint maintenance exclusively for bicycle use • Collectors • Local roads A FFIC C LMI  To o l b o x TRA NG

1. Speed Control Measures Vertical Deflection

Speed Hump Description: Speed humps are raised areas of roadway deflecting both the wheels and frame of traversing vehicles. They are typically 12-, 14-, or 22- feet long and are usually found on neighborhood streets, not on major roadways or primary emergency vehicle routes. The speed hump should terminate before the gutter pan, so as to not interfere with proper storm water drainage. Image source: www.saferoutesinfo.org Pros: • Slower emergency vehicle response times • Speed reduction • Extra care required when snowplowing • Relatively low-cost Costs: • Easy to test $1,000 - $12,000 each Cons: • Increased roadway noise • Maintenance costs • Required signage costs and aesthetics

Speed Table Description: Costs: Speed tables are raised areas of roadway, in- $2,000 - $15,000 each cluding crosswalks that are higher than the surrounding roadway approaches. Like speed humps, they deflect both the wheels and frame of traversing vehicles. They are typically 22-feet long or longer. Pros: • Speed reduction • Relatively low-cost • Easy to test

Cons: • Increased roadway noise • Maintenance costs • Required signage costs • Slower emergency vehicle response times • Not as effective as speed humps in slowing Image source: www.trafficlogix.com traffic.

8  Speed Control Measures IC CALM FF I TRA NG Vertical Deflection

Raised Crosswalk Description: Raised crosswalks are elongated speed humps that fea- ture a flat top at the same elevation as the adjacent sidewalks. They can be found at intersections or mid block, and should only be used in high pedestrian travel areas. Pros: • Speed reduction Image source: www.pedbikeimages.org • Increase visibility of and for pedestrians Cons: • Noise • Maintenance • Need for signage Costs: Moderate ($2,000 - $15,000 each)

Raised Intersection Description: Raised intersections are raised areas of roadway, including crosswalks that are higher than the surrounding roadway approaches. Like speed humps, they deflect both the wheels and frame of traversing vehicles. For a raised intersection, the entire intersection is at sidewalk grade. Pros: • Speed reduction at locations with vehicle- vehicle and vehicle-pedestrian conflicts • Improved safety Cons: • Increased roadway noise • Maintenance costs • Required signage costs and aesthetics Image source: unknown • Slower emergency vehicle response times Costs: Raised intersections - $50,000 - $200,000 each

Image source: Delaware DOT Traffic Calming Manual

9  Speed Control Measures IC CALM FF I TRA NG Horizontal Deflection

Rumble Strip Description: Rumble strips are raised buttons or grooves closely spaced on roadway surface to create noise and vibration. They are typically installed to alert drivers of an upcoming curve or speed change. They are also commonly placed in shoulders of freeway to alert drivers who veer off the road. Pros: Rumble strips are a permanent method to alert Image source: Federal Highway Administration motorists they are entering an area with high pedestrian activity or other safety concerns. They easily ignore rumble strips than other calming do not require any additional right of way and methods that vertically or horizontally deflect their installation does not disrupt existing traffic vehicles. Without adequate signage, rumble patterns. They are inexpensive. strips could startle motorists, potentially creating a hazardous condition. They also require in- Cons: creased maintenance; particularly during road- Rumble strips are effective only through the way re-paving. noise and vibration they create. This same noise Costs: and vibration are their biggest detraction, particularly in residential areas. Drivers can more $7 - $10/foot

Textured and Colored Pavement Description: Cons: Paving materials such as brick, cobbles, or con- Some materials, particularly cobblestones, crete pavers can be used to identify a traffic- present a hazardous riding surface to bicyclists. calmed area. The variety of color and texture Loose or uneven installations of paving stones signal to drivers that they are traveling in a pedes- pose a tripping hazard to pedestrians and trian centric zone. Some projects include colored should be regularly inspected, increasing and textured pavement along the entire calmed maintenance costs over ordinary asphalt or roadway, while others limit the special pavement concrete pavement. to the edges of calmed areas to announce entry Costs: into a new area where through traffic is not the priority. Moderate to High. Costs vary depending on materials used and size of paving area. Bricks or blocks are sometimes also used to provide the same traffic calming benefits as rumble strips, delineating crosswalks and pedestrian zones. Pros: Textured pavements attract the driver’s attention visually, audibly, and physically and are ideal for residential and neighborhood shopping areas. They are permanent and effective and can add Image source: to the aesthetic identity of a neighborhood. www.students.bucknell.edu/projects/trafficcalming/Library.html 10  Speed Control Measures IC CALM FF I TRA NG Horizontal Deflection

On-street parking: Parallel & Angled Parking Description: On-street parking, both parallel and angled, helps to narrow roadways and calm traffic. The proxim- ity of parked vehicles and necessity to watch for exiting vehicles and opening doors slows traffic. Angled parking can accommodate more cars per block than parallel parking. Pros: On-street parking creates a buffer between pedestrians and motorists, improving the walking environment. On-street parking in business dis- tricts is generally welcomed. Source: Houston-Galveston Area Council Cons: head out parking is preferred to provide better visibility when exiting a parking space, reducing On-street parking impedes traffic flow. Angle the danger to motorists and bicyclists. parking creates more right-of-way impacts. Drivers have reduced visibility backing out of Costs: angled parking spots, posing a greater risk to Generally low with adequate roadway width. bicyclists. If angled parking is selected, back in/

Modern Roundabout Description: A modern roundabout is a raised island in the center of an intersection. Roundabouts are used on higher volume arterial streets to allo- cate right-of-way between competing movements and provide a cost-effective alternative to traffic signals. Pros: They can reduce vehicle queues and improve safety at intersections with high crash rates. Cons: Image source: City of Yakima, WA Compared to traditional intersections, mod- require more maintenance than traditional inter- ern roundabouts require more right of way, in- sections. creasing the crossing distance for pedestrians Costs: and possibly making it more difficult for large $80,000 - $800,000 each, depending on vehicles, such as fire trucks and transit buses, diameter, right-of-way, number of lanes, to negotiate. Converting an existing traditional landscaping intersection may require eliminating nearby on- street parking and, especially if landscaped,

11  Speed Control Measures IC CALM FF I TRA NG Horizontal Deflection

Traffic Circle Description: Another variation used in residential traffic calming is the traffic circle, which is used more to slow driving speeds approaching intersections with high crash rates than to improve traffic flow (as with a modern roundabout). Motorists must reduce speed to maneuver around the circle, which helps reduce the frequency and severity of crashes. Pros: Image source: www.mrsc.org/Publications/mrnews/mrnews0305.aspx Permanent installation forces reduced speeds at subject intersection. Flexible installation allows multiple traffic circles or other calming measures retrofit to existing junction intersections, without is required. Motorists may ignore painted costly roadway re-alignment. Can provide traffic circles, and drive right over them. Raised gateway or identity to a neighborhood. traffic circles may interfere with snow plowing operations. Cons: Costs: A single roundabout used in isolation will not significantly calm traffic. A coordinated system of $6,000 - $12,000 each

Narrowed Lanes Description: Pros: Studies have shown that wider travel lanes allow Travel speeds are typically higher on four-lane for faster vehicular travel speeds. Conversely, roadways than on two-lane roads. Excess drivers naturally go more slowly when navigating right-of-way can be shifted to providing wider narrow travel lanes, providing a more subtle calm- sidewalks, bicycle lanes, or on-street parking. ing effect than other physical calming methods. Narrowing the number of travel lanes also facili- However, narrow lanes also slow emergency ve- tates additional calming methods such as neck hicle response times. One solution is to visually downs and mid-block bulb outs. Simple road- narrow lanes using paint, while leaving a several way restriping to achieve roadway narrowing is foot shoulder that emergency vehicles can utilize inexpensive. – effectively providing a narrow lane for motorists Cons: and a wider lane for emergency vehicles. Lanes can also be physically narrowed by providing on- Reducing the number of travel lanes reduces the street parking on one, or both, sides or by adding overall capacity of the roadway possibly increas- bollards, planters, or bike lanes. Without other ing congestion and reducing the vehicular level provisions for bicyclists, the narrower road may of service (LOS). increase motor vehicle/bicycle conflicts. Narrow- Costs: ing traffic lanes differs from other road treatments $1,000 - $10,000/mile by making slower speeds seem more natural to drivers and less of an artificial imposition, as opposed to other physical treatments that compel lower speeds or restrict route choice.

12  Speed Control Measures IC CALM FF I TRA NG Horizontal Deflection

Neckdown/Bulb Out/Curb Extension

Image source: www.cpsafepathways.com Description: Neckdowns or bulb outs narrow the roadway by extending the curb at key intersections and mid-block locations. Pros: Neckdowns and bulb outs slow traffic, reduce turning speeds, and increase pedestrian safety by reducing crossing distance. They shift the focus of the street towards creating a walkable environment. Cons: • Relatively high initial costs • Loss of on-street parking • Increased maintenance costs • Complicates plowing and street sweeping operations • Can hinder drainage Costs: $2,000 - $20,000 each, depending upon size and material

Image source: Delaware DOT

Chicane

Description: Common in Europe, chicanes are a set of two or more alternating curb bulbs or extensions that narrow and realign the roadway for short segments. Since the street is no longer straight, drivers must slow down to negotiate the roadway. Two-way traffic and full access for larger vehicles and emergency services can be main- tained. A chicane effect can be created using various methods, including concrete curbs, landscaped areas or alternating diagonal and parallel parking. Image source: Fitzgerald & Halliday, Inc. Pros: emergency vehicle and bus operations. They By creating a slalom effect, chicanes reduce may require additional right of way to construct vehicle speeds and discourage cut-through as well and if designed incorrectly could en- traffic. These methods can improve the courage motorists to attempt to navigate them appearance and function of the street and at high rates of speed. provide opportunity for parking. Costs: Cons: $10,000 - $30,000 (paint versus physical Concrete chicanes complicate street mainte- diverter) nance and storm water drainage and can hinder

13  Speed Control Measures IC CALM FF I TRA NG Horizontal Deflection

Traffic Islands and Medians Description: Concrete or landscaped islands typically located down the center of a roadway or at a roadway entrance. Pros: Landscaped or concrete traffic islands and medians can reduce speeds by narrowing drivable travel lane widths. They can improve pedestrian accommodation by providing a mid-block pedestrian refuge at crossings. They comple- Image source: City of Ann Arbor, MI ment improved crosswalks and reduce pedestrian crossing width. They can be used to provide a visual enhancement or gateway to promote neighborhood identity. Cons: Traffic islands and medians may reduce parking and driveway access, and also the narrower road may increase motor vehicle/bicycle conflicts. Image source: Costs: www.trafficcalming.org/centerislandnarrowrings.html Varies depending on length, materials and right-of-way availability.

Landscaping

Description: Landscaping is used in conjunction with other traffic calming measures such as roadway narrowing, traffic islands, and sidewalk improvements to improve the pedestrian environment, define pedestrian and vehicle areas, and provide horizontal separation between motor vehicles and pedestrians. Pros: Landscaping increases motorists’ awareness and can help define a neighborhood identity. Its installation is long term and increases the quality of life of a community. Image source: Fitzgerald & Halliday, Inc. Cons: Depending on the design, the installation and maintenance costs can be high. Right-of-way impacts may be significant as well. Costs: Moderate to high - varies depending on scale and materials/plantings

14  Speed Control Measures IC CALM FF I TRA NG

Gateways Description: A signing and/or landscaping treatment to alert motorists they are entering a special area can be used at entrances to neighborhoods, com- mercial areas, town centers, or busy places of activity. Gateways are typically supplemented with other traffic calming measures. Pros: Can be visually aesthetic and heighten awareness. Cons: Image source: Fitzgerald & Halliday, Inc. Generally expensive and can require routine maintenance. Costs: Varies

Stationary Radar Signs/Speed Display Board Description: Radar signs are interactive signs that draw motorists’ attention to their speed and the road’s legal speed limit. They work by alerting motorists when they’re exceed- ing the speed limit. They can be used in residential areas, school zones, construction zones, or other safety zones. Radar signs can be permanently mounted on signposts or temporary installations using self-contained trailers. Image source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/radar_speed_sign Pros: Radar signs have proven to slow down traffic, even years after their initial installation. They are particularly effective on high volume arterials and highways, where physical measures would restrict traffic flow. Cons: Radar signs do not slow traffic as much as physical measures. Motorists’ compliance is voluntary. Enforcement is still necessary. Costs: $5,000 - $15,000 each Image source: Dept. Plymouth, MA Police

15  Speed Control Measures IC CALM FF I TRA NG

Pavement Markings/Stencils

Description: Image source: www.saferoutesinfo.org Pavement markings are another means to alert or inform a motorist of a condition or a potential situation. Painted lines and symbols need to be selected and placed in accordance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). Some examples include: The word “SLOW” can be painted on a travel lane to encourage motorists to drive slowly and painted white edgelines can be used to visually narrow streets. Crosswalks can be used to alert motorists of pedestrian activity. Pavement markings are also used in conjunction with signs and other measures. Cons: Requires regular maintenance and may not Pros: be consider visually aesthetic. Not visible with Low cost and easy to install. Can increase snow covered roads. awareness. Costs: Low

Signage

Description: Traffic signs can be used to alert or inform motorists of a condition or a potential situation. Signs need to be selected and placed in accordance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). Speed limit signs, pedestrian/bicycle/school crossing signs, and in-street pedestrian crossing signs have been used by municipalities to warn motorists of high pedestrian activity, and can help to reduce speeds. Signs are also used in conjunction with other measures such as pavement markings. Image source: Fitzgerald & Halliday, Inc. Pros: • Low cost • Increases awareness Cons: Can be considered to clutter the roadway especially on a residential street. In-street signs may get hit or may need to be removed at night and placed back during the day. Overall effectiveness can vary. Costs: Varies, depending on type and amount of signage

16  Speed Control Measures IC CALM FF I TRA NG

Edge Treatment Description: Edge treatments, such as raised curbs, provide uniform cross sections with identifiable edges along an entire corridor. They often signal a lower design speed to drivers. Raised curbs also allow placing roadside objects such as trees and street furniture closer to the roadway, producing a traffic calming effect. Where curbs are impractical, pavement markings or Source: Washington State Transportation changes in pavement texture may be used to create a Improvement Board similar effect. Pros: Edge treatments define a corridor, increasing awareness. These treatments can also visually “narrow” a roadway. Cons: • Potential right-of-way impacts • Potential drainage impacts and costs to accommodate

Source: FHWA Costs: Moderate to high (varies)

Reduced Corner Radii

Description: • Costs: This calming method is used at intersections $2,000 - $20,000 to make turning movements tighter. It typically is used in conjunction with other calming techniques like neck downs and raised crosswalks. This effectively slows turning vehicles and increases pedestrian safety. The reduced radius, however, also can limit truck and bus turning – negatively impacting both emergency vehicles and transit operations. Pros: • Slows turning vehicles • Promotes pedestrian safety • Improves motor vehicle and pedestrian sight distances • Shortens crossing distance Image sources: Safe Routes to School Cons: Guide • Impacts truck/bus turning www.saferoutesinfo.org • Slows emergency vehicles and large transit vehicles

17 A FFIC C LMI  To o l b o x TRA NG

2. Volume Control Measures

Roadway Closure

Description: Full-street closures retroactively installed to previously open streets are often reserved for locations where all other calming attempts have failed. They may be located adjacent to intersections, creating cul-de-sacs and dead ends, or located mid block, creating two stub streets. These closures completely close the street to through-traffic, usually leaving only path- ways open for bicyclists and pedestrians.

Source: www.pedbikeimages.org Closure methods include landscaped islands, decorative walls, steel posts, bollards or planters, or any other means that leave an opening narrower than an automobile. The barrier can be designed to maintain emergency vehicle access. Within a grid of neighborhood streets, a series of closures are often used to make vehicular travel through neighborhoods more circuitous to discourage cut-through patterns. In some high crime areas, full streets closures have also been implemented to prevent “cruising” or illegal activities. Pros: Closures eliminate cut-through traffic from neighborhoods and effectively convert through streets into extremely low volume dead end roads. Their installation can also be used as an opportunity to introduce additional landscaping and aesthetic improvements to public right of way within a neighborhood. Cons: Street closures require strong community support since they restrict access for neighborhood residents. Any nearby land owners opposed to the closure could initiate a protracted legal fight. Closing a few streets within a neighborhood network may divert a significant amount of traffic to nearby parallel streets or to adjacent neighborhoods. Street closures only reduce vehicle speeds in the immediate vicinity of the closed block. Parallel roadways without closures can suffer both higher travel speeds and increased traffic volumes. Costs: Low, varies depending on materials, landscaping, etc.

Source: FHWA

18  Volume Control Measures IC CALM FF I TRA NG

Diverters Description: Several types of diverters can be used to channelize or restrict traffic flow at intersections. They are used to prevent through movements and interrupt the traffic grid. Diagonal diverters prevent through movements while allowing right-turn movements from two of the approaches and left turn movements from the other two approaches. Star diverters prevent through movements, while allowing right turns from all four intersection approaches. Island diverters prevent through Image source: www.pedbikeimages.org movements from two approaches, while allow- Cons: ing cross-traffic to proceed straight. And semi- Diverters may create frustration for motorists diverters can either prevent in or out traffic for confused by the irregular traffic pattern. They a single approach, changing a two-way road to may impede transit and emergency vehicle one way. operations, though certain design features can Pros: be included to maintain access for authorized vehicles. The shift in traffic patterns can have Diverters limit access and reduce through traffic, unintended consequences, sending more traffic without preserving pedestrian access. They can to other nearby residential streets. also be designed to favor bicycle travel, creating quiet, efficient bicycle boulevards through neigh- Costs: borhoods. $15,000 - $45,000

Turn Restrictions

Description: Restricting certain turns at intersections to influence travel patterns Pros: • Low cost • Reduces cut-through traffic Cons: • Inconveniences residents of streets • Can create circuitous traffic patterns • Can be hard to enforce Costs: Low

19  Speed Control Measures IC CALM FF I TRA NG

One-way Streets/Circulation Changes Description: Changing one or more roadways or segments of roadways from two-way to one-way to alter travel patterns within neighborhoods or villages. Pros: • Prevents some cut-through patterns • Relatively inexpensive • Can increase level of service at intersections by removing some traffic movements • Can free up roadway width for on-street parking Cons: • Creates more circuitous travel routes for valid Image source: www.pedbikeimages.org destinations within neighborhoods • Creates inconveniences to residents of neighborhood • Can be confusing • Shift some traffic volume to other streets • Often controversial Costs: Low

20 A FFIC C LMI  To o l b o x TRA NG

3. Safety Enhancements

In-Pavement Lighting

Description: In-pavement lights are being used at crosswalks to alert motorists to the presence of a pedestrian crossing or preparing to cross the street. The amber lights are embedded in the pavement on both sides of the crosswalk and oriented to face oncoming traffic. When the pedestrian activates the system, either by using a push-button or through detection from an automated device, the lights begin to flash at a constant rate, warning the motorist that a pedestrian is in the vicinity of the crosswalk ahead.

Pros: Image source: www.walkinginfo.org/pedsmart/tlite.htm • Increases driver awareness of upcoming • Design must take into account snow removal crossing • In-pavement light fixtures and automatic sen- • Particularly effective near school campuses sors can be covered temporarily by snow or or transit hubs with heavy concentrations of other debris. pedestrian activity after dark. Costs: Cons: Approximately $35,000 • Cost vs. traditional crosswalk

Bike Lanes Description: Designating a portion of the existing roadway cross-section exclusively for bicycle use. Pros: • Slows speed • Provides for bicycle access Cons: • Reduces roadway capacity • If not designed well, can create safety concerns Costs:

Low Image source: Fitzgerald & Halliday, Inc.

21 FIC CALM AF ING TR Traffic Calming Process A FFIC C LMI  Tr a f f i c Ca l m i n g TRA NG Pr o c e s s Any successful traffic calming study and implementation process involves public participation and significant local coordination to develop reasonable solutions that address neighborhood concerns regarding traffic safety and flow. The following describes a general but systematic approach for a traffic calming study process. Each municipality should develop a traffic calming program which includes policy and process that is tailored to their community’s specific requirements, characteristics, goals, funding, and municipal resources. Community involvement and approval is one of the most important aspects of a traffic calming study process and the ultimate success and acceptance of the project.

Prior to establishing a municipal traffic calming program the following items should be addressed.

Traffic Calming Program Coordinator: Each municipality should select a person to manage all requests for traffic calming measures and to be the point of contact for residents. This will help to ensure the process is implemented efficiently and consistently. Typically the coordinator is a municipal traffic engineer or transportation planner. The role and interaction with the municipal legal traffic authority should also be considered.

Local Traffic Calming Advisory Committee: A traffic calming advisory committee can also be established to assist in the review of applications and prioritizing of projects. If formed, the committee should include the appropriate municipal representatives (i.e. engineer, public works, emergency response, planning etc.) and one or more citizens.

Funding: Each municipality needs to consider how their traffic calming program will be funded. Fund- ing is also needed for maintenance of the traffic calming measures/devices after installation. The conduct of traffic calming studies and the construction of projects can be costly and each municipality should be aware of the potential costs.

Additional Resources: Some municipalities may need to consider contracting services to assist the Traffic Calming Coordinator with evaluating the data and participating in the neighborhood outreach activities and studies.

Figure 1 illustrates the four basic steps that form the framework for conducting a traffic calming project. The basic steps for processing and implementing traffic calming requests include:

1. Initiate a Study

2. Develop a Plan

3. Funding, Design, and Approvals

4. Installation and Evaluatation

22 A FFIC C LMI  The Process of a Trafﬁc Calming Project... TRA NG 1. Initiate a Study 2. Develop a Plan 3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and Evaluation

Install Study Request Form Collect and Analyze Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NO Permanent Submitted with Petition Traffic Data Project Calming Measures Measures

A FFIC C LMI Traffic Calming can WORK! TRA NG Move finalize NO Forward with YES plan Traffic Calming Project? END PROCESS

Figure 1: The Process of a Traffic Calming Project  Traffic Calming Process IC CALM FF I TRA NG

Initiate a Study

A FFIC C LMI A recognized traffic safety issue is the foundation for conducting a traffic calming study. Typically, the TRA NG  Theinitial awareness Process of a problem of comes a fromTrafﬁc a citizen’s complaint. Calming If a traffic safety Project... issue is significant, 1. Initiateresidents a Study should have a means to alert municipal2. Develop staff anda Plan to request a traffic calming study.3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and Evaluation

Study Request Form: A resident/neighborhood group, local official or InstallFIC CALM AF IN Study Request Form municipal employee should formallyCollect and submit Analyze a study request form. A generic Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NO PermanentTR G  TheSubmitted Process with Petition request of form a is Trafﬁcprovided in the Appendix CalmingTraffic Data of this manual. Project... The intent of the form Project Calming Measures Measures A FFIC C LMI is to provide contact information and details on the traffic problem. A resident TRA NG 1. InitiateThe a ProcessStudy of a Trafﬁc2. Develop aCalming Plan Project...3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and Evaluation (or municipal employee) signatureReview isTOOLBOX required and to initiate the study process. YES 1. InitiateAdditionally,Contact a Study Resident a municipality to could require2. the Develop form toComplete have a Plan multiple Initial Screening signatures of or include 3.a petition Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and Evaluation ConductInstall Post- signedVerify/Discuss by a certain percentage (50-75%) of the street/neighborhoodTraffic Calming Measures property owners in order to Collect Data and Study Request Form Collect and Analyze Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NO Construction Identify & Permanent initiateSubmitted a study. with Petition Traffic Data Project MonitorCalming Conditions Measures Secure $ EvaluationMeasures Install Municipal Funding Study Request Form CollectConduct and Community Analyze Rank/Prioritize $ Install Temporary Traffic NO Permanent Submitted with Petition Criteria, Policies, WorkshopTraffic Datato Further Project Calming Measures Contact Resident: The Traffic Calming Program Coordinator should tele- YES Measures and General ReviewScreen/Refine TOOLBOX Options and $ phone the applicant to verify the information on the application and gain any Contact Resident to Principles Complete Initial Screening of NO YES Conduct Public ConductModify Post- if Verify/Discuss additional insight into the problem.TrafficReview Calming TOOLBOX The CoordinatorMeasures and should inform the FUNDINGresident FUNDING YES MeetingCollect to Data Consider and ConstructionNecessary ConnDOT Identify & Contact Resident toState Roadof the next steps and whenComplete the evaluation Initial Screening will be of complete. It may be prudent PermanentMonitor Conditions Measure NO Determine Input Secure $ ConductEvaluation Post- Verify/DiscussEligibility for the Coordinator to meetTraffic Meetthe resident/applicant withCalming Abutters Measures Directly at the site to discuss the Municipal Conduct Community Funding $ Collect Data and Construction Affected by Plan Hold Identify & problems. This will also Criteria,enableTown Officials Policies, the coordinator to photograph the site. The Coordinator should also Monitor Conditions Workshop to Further Project Secure $ Evaluation andMunicipalInput General Screen/Refine Options Funding $ review/determine the initial study area. In addition, a letterConduct should Community be sent to the resident informing $ Principles them that their applicationCriteria, has Policies, been received and is beingWorkshop reviewed to Further for eligibility to initiate a study.NO YES ConductPublic Public Modify if Supplement any Review with Emergency, FUNDING FUNDING and General Screen/Refine Options $ Meeting toInput Consider Necessary Consider ExistingConnDOT Data Transit Providers and State Road Principles Permanent Measure Education,NO Determine Input NO Design YES- Both Conduct Public Modify if Determine Eligibility: First,Meet Bike/Pedthe with Traffic Abutters Interests Calming Directly Program CoordinatorFUNDING will FUNDING Eligibility MeetingNO to ConsiderYES Necessary Enforcement or ConnDOT Affected by Plan Hold Temporary and State Road need to perform an initial screening of the application to see if it meets eligibil- More TraditionalNO Determine Town Officials Permanent Measures Permanent Measure Input Meet with Abutters Directly Project Traffic Safety Eligibility ity criteriaInput . Eligibility criteria will need to be established by each municipality. In DevelopAffected Draft Recommendedby Plan Hold Remove Modify if Needed Improvements generalTown Officials the criteria can be basedTraffic on Calming roadway Plan classification, land use, speed limit Public Supplement any Review with Emergency, Project Temporary and Install YES Input Input Consider andExisting average Data daily traffic (ADT) Transitvolume. Providers Example and eligibility criteria is shown below: Traffic Calming Permanent Education, Design - Both Measures Public Measures Supplement any ReviewBike/Ped with Emergency, Interests Enforcement or Conduct Public Meeting to Temporary and NO Input YES Consider RoadwayConduct functional classificationExisting Data and land use:Transit Traffic Providers calming and measures will be considered More Traditional Present Draft Traffic Calming Plan Permanent Measures Education, Community Bike/Pedand FinalizeInterests Design - Both Traffic Safetyon the following roadway types: Obtain Approvals NO YES Enforcement or Meeting to Define Develop Draft Recommended Temporary and Remove Modify if Needed Improvements and Permits Plan/Program More Traditional Problems/Goals Traffic Calming Plan Permanent Measures and Install • Local residential streets (two lane and not including cul-de-sacs) Temporary Regular Traffic Safety YES DevelopNO Draft RecommendedYES Traffic Calming Permanent • Collector streets with predominately residentialCONCENSUS uses (two lane) CONCENSUS Remove ModifyMaintenance if Needed Improvements Traffic Calming Plan Measures Measures FIC CALM and Install F IN Temporary • Arterial roads – within downtown or school districtsConduct and Public /or Meetingwith posted to speeds of 40 mph or TRA G YES Traffic Calming can WORK! Traffic Calming Permanent lessConduct (typically two lane) Present Draft Traffic Calming Plan CommunityMove finalize Measures Measures Conductand Public Finalize Meeting to Obtain Approvals NO MeetingForward to Definewith YES plan Conduct Present Draft Traffic Calming Plan and Permits Plan/Program Problems/GoalsTraffic Calming Community and Finalize SpeedsProject? and Accident History: Traffic calmingNO measures will be consideredYES when: Obtain Approvals Regular Meeting to Define END CONCENSUS CONCENSUS and Permits Plan/ProgramMaintenance th PROCESS Problems/Goals A FFIC C LMI • The 85 percentile speed exceeds the posted speed limit by more than 10 mph. RA NG NO YES Traffic Calming can WORK! T Regular • Accident data shows a high incident ofCONCENSUS accidents that appear to beCONCENSUS related to excessive Maintenance Move finalize A FFIC C LMI speeds. TRA NG NO Forward with YES plan Traffic Calming can WORK! • TheTrafficMove Average Calming Daily Traffic (ADT) volume exceeds X, XXX vehiclesfinalize per day or the peak hour vol- Project? END NO umeForward is withgreaterYES than XXX vehicle per hour. plan Traffic Calming PROCESS Project? END PROCESS 24  Traffic Calming Process IC CALM FF I TRA NG

Speed, accident, and volume data may not be known at this time, therefore the decision to move forward may need to be based on street functional classification and land use only. A traffic calming study may also be initiated because of an identified public safety issue.

If the study request does not meet the criteria; or if enforcement and education efforts have not been attempted; then these should be considered.

An example of an enforcement effort would be to have a police officer or radar trailer monitor speeds in the area. The neighborhood could also consider establishing a “watch dog” group.

Additional Existing Data - The Coordinator should try to supplement the request with any available existing data. Additional data may include crash reports from the police department, existing traffic volume data, and speed monitoring data. A FFIC C LMI TRA NG  TheIf the application Process and existing of resources a Trafﬁc are void of any dataCalming to support or supply Project... initial documentation of the problem, the Coordinator may decide at this time to collect actual field data. Any data collection 1. Initiate(traffic, a pedestrianStudy counts, etc.) should be2. performed Develop in a accordance Plan with standard traffic 3.engineering Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and Evaluation methods and municipal procedures. Install Study Request Form Collect and Analyze Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NO State Roads - The Coordinator also needs to determine if the study roadway or any adjacent road- Permanent Submitted with Petition Traffic Data Project Calming Measures Measures ways (in the case of diverting traffic) are state owned or operated roadways. If the roadway is a state road then the Connecticut Department of Transportation (ConnDOT) input and approval is needed. YES The Coordinator should contact ConnDOT at this pointReview to receive TOOLBOX feedback. and Traffic calming measures Contact Resident to Complete Initial Screening of Conduct Post- installedVerify/Discuss on state roads may require a legal agreementTraffic with Calming ConnDOT Measures and the Municipality. Collect Data and Construction Identify & Monitor Conditions Secure $ Evaluation Typically traffic calming measures are not suited for state roads as they tend to be roadways with Municipal Conduct Community Funding $ higher classificationsCriteria, and speeds Policies, and are designedWorkshop as a means to Further to serve through traffic. Also, traffic calming may not be suitableand General on roads (state or local)Screen/Refine that carry Options a significant amount of truck traffic or $ Principles are transit, major school bus, or emergency service routes. NO YES Conduct Public Modify if FUNDING FUNDING Meeting to Consider Necessary ConnDOT State Road Permanent Measure NOMeet withDetermine Municipal OfficialsInput - After additional data has been assembled, the Coordinator should Eligibility Meet with Abutters Directly Affected by Plan Hold conduct a meeting with theTown Local Officials Traffic Calming Advisory Committee and/or appropriate municipal Project officials (Police, DepartmentInput of Public Works, etc) to discuss the project and evaluate its potential to move forward in the process. Public Supplement any Review with Emergency, Input Consider Existing Data Transit Providers and Education,Contact Resident/Applicant - If it is determined thatBike/Ped the process Interests should not move forward, the Co- Design - Both Enforcementordinator or should document this and inform the resident/applicant. Additional education or enforcement Temporary and NO YES More Traditionalmeasures could be considered as well as more traditional traffic engineering safety improvements. Permanent Measures Traffic Safety The Coordinator should also inform the resident/applicantDevelop Draft of whenRecommended it would be appropriate to re-submit Remove Modify if Needed Improvements Traffic Calming Plan an application. A one to two year wait period is typical. Temporary and Install YES Traffic Calming Permanent Measures Measures Conduct Community MeetingConduct Public– If it Meetingis determined to that the project should Conduct move forward, the first stepPresent is to Draft inform Traffic the Calming applicant Plan and to arrange a neigh- Community and Finalize Obtain Approvals Meeting to Define borhood meeting. The goal of this meeting is to define the concerns and study and Permits Plan/Program Problems/Goals goals (what is the problem and what are we trying to achieve?). It is important NO YES Regular that the residents andCONCENSUS municipal staff have the opportunityCONCENSUS to express their Maintenance

A FFIC C LMI Traffic Calming can WORK! TRA NG Move 25 finalize NO Forward with YES plan Traffic Calming Project? END PROCESS A FFIC C LMI  The Process of a Trafﬁc Calming Project... TRA NG 1. Initiate a Study 2. Develop a Plan 3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and Evaluation

Install Study Request Form Collect and Analyze Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NO Permanent Submitted with Petition Traffic Data Project Calming Measures Measures

Review TOOLBOX and YES Contact Resident to Complete Initial Screening of Conduct Post- Verify/Discuss Traffic Calming Measures Collect Data and Construction Identify & Monitor Conditions Secure $ Evaluation Municipal Conduct Community Funding $ Criteria, Policies, Workshop to Further and General Screen/Refine Options $ Principles NO YES Conduct Public Modify if FUNDING FUNDING Meeting to Consider Necessary ConnDOT State Road Permanent Measure NO Determine Input Eligibility Meet with Abutters Directly Affected by Plan Hold Town Officials  Traffic Calming Process IC CALM FF ProjectI Input TRA NG Public Supplement any Review with Emergency, Input Considerperspectives on the trafficExisting problems Data and to hear the viewsTransit and Providers experiences and of their neighbors. This Education, Bike/Ped Interests Design - Both Enforcementmeeting or will enable a shared definition of the problem to de developed. The Coordinator should Temporary and NO YES More Traditionalprepare a summary of the meeting and document the statements and problems. The summary should Permanent Measures Traffic Safety also include a general list of items the residents areDevelop in general Draft Recommended agreement on and those they are not. Remove Modify if Needed Improvements Traffic Calming Plan Temporary and Install The neighborhoodYES meeting should be held at a convenient place and time (typically early in the Traffic Calming Permanent Measures Measures evening). The meeting should be attended by theConduct Traffic PublicCalming Meeting Program to Coordinator and other appropriateConduct municipal staff. The Coordinator shouldPresent have Draft Traffica large Calming base Plan map of the area and photo- graphsCommunity to reference the site and facilitate discussion. Theand meetingFinalize should also offer comment cards Obtain Approvals Meeting to Define and Permits Plan/Program orProblems/Goals other opportunity for written input. A short summary of the meeting purpose and agenda should Regular be prepared as a handout. NO YES CONCENSUS CONCENSUS Maintenance

A FFIC C LMI TRA NG Evaluation: At this point, based on input from the neighborhood meeting,Traffic Calming can WORK! Move the municipality needs to decide if the processfinalize should move to the Plan Devel- NO Forward with YES plan Traffic Calming opment stage. The decision should be based on a general agreement on the Project? traffic concern/problem andEND on the need to take action. This can be determined in several ways: PROCESS

• Via a post card survey sent to all neighborhood residents • A show of hands at the neighborhood meeting – would you like us to work with you to develop a plan to address this problem – and would you like us to do nothing. • A petition generated by the applicant with neighborhood signatures stating the request to develop a plan. • Other Typically a show of hands at the neighborhood meeting is the quickest and least expensive way to aid in the decision making. It does not provide written documentation but gives indication if the neighborhood supports moving forward to develop a traffic calming plan. There will be subsequent opportunities for the neighborhood to comment in the plan development process. If there appears to be general consensus (about 75%), the process should move forward to the plan development stage. Moving to this stage does not guarantee that a project will be implemented; rather it commits to exploring traffic calming options to alleviate the concerns. If there is not consensus to develop a plan, additional education or enforcement could be considered or the process ended. The outcome needs to be conveyed in writing by the Traffic Calming Program Coordinator to the applicant. An outline of the next steps should also be included. If the process is not moving forward, an option for re-applying at a future date (typically one to two years) should be offered.

26  Traffic Calming Process IC CALM FF I TRA NG

Develop a Plan

A FFIC C LMI After the project has been initiated and the traffic problems, concerns, and goals defined, the next step TRA NG  The Process of a Trafﬁcis to explore Calming options and develop Project... a reasonable and acceptable solution. The following outlines steps to develop the plan. 1. Initiate a Study 2. Develop a Plan 3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and Evaluation Collect and Analyze Traffic Data: As a supplement to the data supplied by the applicant, and as necessary to supplement any existing data, the Install Study Request Form Collect and Analyze Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NO Permanent Submitted with Petition Traffic Data Coordinator should arrange/performProject the necessary data collection. TheCalming data Measures Measures collected can also be used to document the “before traffic calming” condition. The appropriate type of data to be collected and the data collection times need Review TOOLBOX and YES Contact Resident to toComplete be determined Initial Screening with of input from a traffic engineer. Traffic volume and speeds are generally the basis Conduct Post- Verify/Discuss ofTraffic a traffic Calming calming Measures study request. Collect Data and Construction Identify & Monitor Conditions Secure $ Evaluation The 85th percentile speed is defined as the speed at or below which 85 percent of the motorists on Municipal Conduct Community Funding $ Criteria, Policies, aWorkshop street toare Further traveling. This is often considered the upper limit of a reasonable speed for the prevail- and General Screen/Refineing conditions. Options Generally speed becomes a concern when the 85th$ percentile speed exceeds the Principles posted speed limit by 10 miles per hour (MPH)NO or more. YES Conduct Public Modify if FUNDING FUNDING Meeting to Consider Necessary ConnDOT State Road Permanent Measure NO Determine Input Eligibility TableMeet with2 is Abutters a brief Directly summary of data types and methods. Depending on the problem, other types of data Affected by Plan Hold Town Officials may be needed. All traffic data should be collected according to standard traffic engineering practices Project Input and in accordance with any municipal procedures. Public Supplement any Review with Emergency, Input Consider Existing Data Transit Providers and Table 2: Traffic Data Studies Education, Bike/Ped Interests Design - Both Enforcement or Traffic Study Use of Data Temporary andMethod to Collect NO YES More Traditional Traffic Volume To determine directional hourly volumesPermanent and MeasuresATR counter Traffic Safety Develop Draft Recommended Average Daily Traffic (ADT) volume over a Turning movement countsRemove Modify if Needed Improvements Traffic Calming Plan period of several days or during peak hours (TMCs) Temporary and Install YES Permanent Traffic Speed To determine 85th percentile speed ATR counters or radarTraffic Calming Measures Measures ConductAccident Public Data Meeting to To determine the magnitude and trends of Local or State accident Conduct Present Draft Traffic Calming Plan safety issues records Community and Finalize Obtain Approvals Meeting to Define Crash Reports To determine causes of accidents Police reports and Permits Plan/Program Problems/Goals NO Origin-Destination YES To determine amount of local traffic vs. through License plate survey or pull Regular CONCENSUS Survey CONCENSUStraffic over interview. Maintenance

A FFIC C LMI Pedestrian/Bicycle Determine location,Traffic volume, andCalming frequency canof VisualWORK! observationTRA NG Move Survey finalizeactivity NO Forward with YES Vehicle Classificationplan Determine percentage of trucks and buses ATR counter Traffic Calming Counts Project? END PROCESSPhysical Conditions To determine travel lane width, presence of Visual observation Inventory sidewalks, parking, posted speed limit, land use, etc

27 A FFIC C LMI  The Process of a Trafﬁc Calming Project... TRA NG 1. Initiate a Study 2. Develop a Plan 3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and Evaluation

 Traffic Calming Process IC CALM FF I TRA NG Install Study Request Form Collect and Analyze Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NO Permanent Submitted with Petition Traffic Data Project Calming Measures Measures Review Toolbox: The Traffic Calming Program Coordinator with input from Review TOOLBOX and the Local Traffic Advisory Committee should review the TrafficYES Calming Toolbox Contact Resident to Complete Initial Screening of Conduct Post- Verify/Discuss Traffic Calming Measures (as presented earlier in this document) to perform an initial screening of poten- Collect Data and Construction tial traffic calming measures.Identify Using & screening mechanismsMonitor such Conditions as the Secure $ Evaluation Municipal spreadsheetConduct Community shown in Figure 2, the Traffic CalmingFunding Coordinator$ should identify what measures might Criteria, Policies, be appropriateWorkshop to Further and might not be appropriate to address the defined concerns/problems. and General Screen/Refine Options $ Principles Figure 2: Traffic CalmingNO EvaluationYES Matrix (partial)Conduct Public Modify if FUNDING FUNDING Meeting to Consider Necessary ConnDOT State Road Permanent Measure NO Determine Input Eligibility Meet with Abutters Directly Affected by Plan Hold Town Officials Project Input Public Supplement any Review with Emergency, Input Consider Existing Data Transit Providers and Education, Bike/Ped Interests Design - Both Enforcement or Temporary and NO YES More Traditional Permanent Measures Traffic Safety TrafficDevelop Calming/ Draft Recommended Road- Remove Modify if Needed Improvements way SafetyTraffic Strategies Calming Plan Description Advantages Disadvantages Reduce Speeds TemporaryIncrease Roadway Safety Mobility Increase Pedestrian Traffic Reduce Cut-Through Emergency Access Impacts Noise Impacts andCost Install Overall Feasibility YES Speed Hump Raised area of roadway Slows traffic, Noise, maintenance, need for Traffic Calming Permanent deflecting both the wheels increases awareness, signage. Measures Measures Conduct Public Meetingand to frame of traversing permanent. M 1 Conduct Present Draft Traffic Calmingvehicle. Plan (Typically 12,14 or Community and Finalize 22 feet long) Obtain Approvals Meeting to Define and Permits Plan/Program Problems/Goals Raised Crosswalk Elongated speed hump Slows traffic, Noise, cost, maintenance, NO withYES flat section where increases awareness, need for signage. MRegular1 CONCENSUS pedestriansCONCENSUS cross permanent. Maintenance

A FFIC C LMI TRA NG Median Barrier Elevated median con- TrafficReduces pedestrian Calming Restricts can turns WORK! from driveway Move structed on the centerline exposure, creates and alters local travel pat- finalize H of the roadway to reduce landscaping poten- terns, cost, right-of-way, 3 NO Forward with YES plan Traffic Calming width of travel lanes. tial, reduces conflicts. maintenance. Project? TrafficEND Island Raised, often landscaped, Increases awareness, Right-of-way impacts, cost, PROCESS area between traffic lanes provides pedestrian maintenance. M 1 to control and channelize refuge when cross- vehicle turning movements. ing, permanent. Traffic Circle Raised, often landscaped, Good gateway. Right-of-way impacts, cost,

island in center of intersec- Minimizes traffic maintenance. FIC CALM AF IN tion requiring vehicles to movement conflicts TR G M 2  The Process of a Trafﬁc Calmingtravel counter-clockwise Project... (no left turns), creates around island. landscaping area, 1. Initiate a Study 2. Develop a Plan 3. Funding,permanent. Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and Evaluation Legend Install Benefit Study Request Form Collect and Analyze Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NO Permanent Submitted with Petition Traffic Data Project1 = Most Appropriate Calming Measures Measures No benefit or impact (neutral) 2 = Somewhat Appropriate 3 = Not Appropriate Some impact (but can be designed to minimize impacts) Review TOOLBOX and YES Contact Resident to Complete Negative Initial effect Screening or concern of Conduct Post- Verify/Discuss Traffic Calming Measures Collect Data and Construction Identify & Monitor Conditions Conduct Community Workshop:Secure $ Through coordination with the Appli- Evaluation Municipal Conduct Community Funding $ Criteria, Policies, Workshop to Further cant, the Traffic Calming Program Coordinator should arrange a neighborhood and General Screen/Refine Options workshop. The purpose of this workshop$ is to review the concern/problem, Principles present the resultsNO of the traffic dataYES and analysis, inform Conductthe neighborhood Public of Modify if FUNDING FUNDING Meeting to Consider Necessary ConnDOT State Road traffic calming tools and select tools to consider for implementation. This meetingPermanent will help Measure to develop NO Determine Input Eligibility Meet with Abutters Directly a list ofAffected traffic by calming Plan measures to considerHold as the plan is developed with insight from the neighbors Town Officials Project Input on what is acceptable to them and what is not. If time allows, this workshop can be used to break into small working groups and ask attendees to develop their own ideas about a traffic calmingPublic plan. Once Supplement any Review with Emergency, Input Consider Existing Data Transit Providers and Education, Bike/Ped Interests 28 Design - Both Enforcement or Temporary and NO YES More Traditional Permanent Measures Traffic Safety Develop Draft Recommended Remove Modify if Needed Improvements Traffic Calming Plan Temporary and Install YES Traffic Calming Permanent Measures Measures Conduct Public Meeting to Conduct Present Draft Traffic Calming Plan Community and Finalize Obtain Approvals Meeting to Define and Permits Plan/Program Problems/Goals NO YES Regular CONCENSUS CONCENSUS Maintenance

A FFIC C LMI Traffic Calming can WORK! TRA NG Move finalize NO Forward with YES plan Traffic Calming Project? END PROCESS A FFIC C LMI  The Process of a Trafﬁc Calming Project... TRA NG 1. Initiate a Study 2. Develop a Plan 3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and Evaluation A FFIC C LMI  The Process of a Trafﬁc Calming Project... TRA NG Install Study Request Form Collect and Analyze Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NO 1. Initiate a Study 2. Develop a Plan 3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and EvaluationPermanent Submitted with Petition Traffic Data Project Calming Measures Measures

Install Review TOOLBOX and YES Study Request Form Collect and Analyze Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NO C CA  Traffic Calming Process IC CALM PermanentFFI LMI FF I A N SubmittedContact Resident with Petition to CompleteTraffic Initial Data Screening of Project Calming MeasuresTRA NG TR G ConductMeasures Post-  TheVerify/Discuss Process of a TrafficTraffic Calming Measures Project... Collect Data and Construction Identify & Monitor Conditions Secure $ YES Evaluation 1. Initiate a Study 2. DevelopReview a Plan TOOLBOX and 3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and Evaluation Municipal reconvenedConduct Community as a larger group, each group can shareFunding their ideas.$ Consistency in ideas allows the Contact Resident to Complete Initial Screening of Criteria, Policies, Workshop to Further Conduct Post- Verify/Discuss Traffic Calming Measures Collect Data and and General CoordinatorScreen/Refine to Options develop a draft plan that is most likely to have$ broad support by the neighborhood. ConstructionInstall Study Request Form Principles Collect and Analyze Rank/PrioritizeIdentify & InstallMonitor Temporary Conditions Traffic NO NO Secure YES$ Conduct Public PermanentEvaluationModify if Submitted with Petition Municipal Traffic Data FUNDING FundingProject FUNDING Calming Measures Measures Conduct Community $ Meeting to Consider Necessary FIC CALM ConnDOT AF ING Criteria, Policies, Meet with Key Abutters Impacted by the Plan: The specific placementA R State Road FFIC C LMI T Determine Workshop to Further Permanent MeasureRA NG NO andInput General T  Eligibility MeetScreen/Refine with Abutters Options Directly of traffic calming measures may have$ localized impacts to abutters. Indepen- The Process The of Process a Traffic of a Traffic Calming Calming Project... Project... YES Principles ReviewAffected TOOLBOX by Plan and Hold Town Officials NO YES Conduct Public Modify if Contact Resident to Complete Initial Screening of dent meetings withFUNDINGProject these abutters isFUNDING recommended to fine tune placement of 1. Initiate a Study Input 2. Develop a Plan 3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. InstallationMeeting and Evaluation to Consider ConductNecessary Post- 1. Initiate a Study Verify/Discuss 2.ConnDOT Develop a PlanTraffic Calming Measures 3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4.Collect Installation Data and and Evaluation State Road measures and/or design. It is particularly important to meetPermanent with Measure impacted Construction NO Determine Input Identify & Public Supplement any Meet with Abutters Directly Monitor Conditions Eligibility Review with Emergency, Secure $ Install Evaluation abutters who have not attended the community meetings. Input Consider Study Request Form CollectAffected and byAnalyze Plan Rank/PrioritizeHold Install Temporary Traffic NO TownExistingMunicipal Officials Data TransitConduct Providers Community and Funding $ Permanent Education, Submitted with Petition Traffic Data ProjectProject Design - Both Calming Measures Install Study Request Form Criteria,Input Policies, Collect and AnalyzeWorkshopBike/Ped toInterests Further Rank/Prioritize Install TemporaryMeasures Traffic Temporary and NO YES NO Permanent Enforcement or and General Screen/Refine Options Review with Emergency & Transit$ Providers and Bike/Pedestrian Submitted withMore Petition Traditional Principles Traffic Data ProjectPermanent Measures CalmingPublic Measures Measures Supplement any ReviewReview withTOOLBOX Emergency, and NO YES YES Conduct Public Modify if Traffic Safety Interests – If theFUNDING street(s) are emergencyFUNDING access, bicycle, majorInput school bus Consider Contact Resident to Existing Data DevelopCompleteTransit Draft Initial Providers Recommended Screening and of RemoveMeeting to ConsiderModify if NeededNecessary Improvements ConnDOT Design - Both Conduct Post- Education, Verify/DiscussState Road TrafficTrafficBike/Ped Calming Calming Interests Measures Plan Collect Data andPermanent Measure and Install NO Determine Input or transit routes then coordination with the appropriateTemporary agency isConstruction needed to Enforcement or YES Review TOOLBOXMeet with and Abutters Directly Identify & Temporary and Monitor Conditions NO YES YES Eligibility Secure $ Traffic Calming EvaluationPermanent More Traditional Affected by Plan determine what measuresHold fromPermanent the Measures initial screen list are feasible and how best Contact Resident to Town OfficialsMunicipal Complete Initial ScreeningConduct Community of Funding $ Measures Measures Traffic Safety Criteria, Policies, Conduct Public Meeting to Project Traffic CalmingtrafficDevelop Measures Workshopcalming Draft Recommendedto Further can be integrated. Unfortunately, some traffic calming measure Removework againstModify the interif Needed- Conduct Post- Verify/Discuss Conduct Inputand General Collect Data and Improvements PresentScreen/RefineTraffic Draft Calming Traffic Options Calming Plan Plan $ Construction Community Principles Temporary and Install ests of emergencyand Finalize response and bicyclists.NO FineIdentify tuningYESObtain & design Approvals and/or placement mightMonitorPublic allow Conditions for a YES Supplement any Review with Emergency, Conduct TrafficPublic Calming ModifyPermanent if Evaluation Meeting to Define FUNDING SecureFUNDING $ Input and Permits Meeting to Consider Necessary Consider Municipal ExistingConnDOT Data compromiseTransit Providers that and meets the interests of all stakeholders. Measures Plan/ProgramMeasures Problems/Goals State Road Funding Permanent Measure NO Determine Input Conduct CommunityConduct Public Meeting to $ Education, NO MeetBike/Ped with Abutters Interests Directly YES Design - Both Regular Criteria,Conduct Policies, Eligibility Enforcement or WorkshopCONCENSUSPresent to Further AffectedDraft Traffic by Plan Calming PlanCONCENSUS Hold Temporary and NO YESMaintenance andCommunity General Town Officials and Finalize FIC CALM F I More Traditional Screen/Refine Options Develop/ReviseProject Plan – BasedPermanentObtain Approvalson Measures$ input from TRtheA N Gcommunity and the Local MeetingPrinciples to Define Input Traffic Calming can WORK! Traffic Safety Develop Draft Recommended NO and PermitsYES Plan/Program Problems/Goals Traffic Calming Advisory Committee (or municipal staff),PublicRemove the Traffic Conduct CalmingModify Public if Needed Modify if Improvements Move Supplement any Review with Emergency,finalize FUNDING FUNDING NO Traffic Calming Plan YES Input Regular ConsiderForward with Existing Data TemporaryMeeting to Considerand Install Necessary NO ConnDOTYES YES CONCENSUS Transit Providers and planCONCENSUSProgram Coordinator should develop a draft plan to present to the community.Maintenance State RoadEducation,Traffic Calming Bike/Ped Interests Design - Both Traffic CalmingPermanent MeasurePermanent IC CAL Determine FF MIN NO Input TRA G EnforcementProject? or Meet with Abutters Directly The draft plan shouldTraffic include CalmingTemporary anda written can WORK!and graphicNO description.MeasuresYES The draftMeasures plan Eligibility ENDConduct Public Meeting to More Traditional Affected by Plan Permanent Measures Traffic SafetyConductMove PROCESSPresent Draft Traffic Calmingfinalize Plan should reflect theHold consensus reached to date. Town Officials Develop Draft Recommended Remove Modify if Needed ImprovementsForwardCommunity with and Finalize Project NO YES Traffic Calming Plan plan Obtain Approvals and Install MeetingTrafficInput toCalming Define Temporary YES and Permits Traffic Calming Permanent Plan/Program Problems/GoalsProject? Conduct Public Meeting –A public meeting should be conducted to END Measures Measures PublicRegular Supplement any Review withPROCESSNO Emergency,Conduct Public Meeting to YES CONCENSUS CONCENSUSpresent the draft plan and receive feedback. Ideally, the meeting InputshouldMaintenance have Consider Existing DataConduct Transit ProvidersPresent Draftand Traffic Calming Plan FIC CALM Community AF ING and Finalize Obtain Approvals TR Education, Meeting to Define Bike/Ped Interests an “open house”Traffic portion Calming whereDesign can residents/attendees- Both WORK! can view the plan and and Permits Plan/Program Enforcement or MoveProblems/Goals finalize ask questions in an informal,Temporary comfortable and setting. A formal presentationNO YES of NO YES Regular More Traditional NO Forward with YES CONCENSUS planCONCENSUS the plan should follow withPermanent a question Measures and answer and Maintenancecomment period. The A FFIC C LMI Traffic Calming TRA NG Traffic Safety Develop Draft Recommended Traffic Calming can WORK! Project? goalEND of this meeting is to obtain concurrence on the traffic calming measures andRemove locations. If thereModify is if Needed Improvements Move Traffic Calming Plan finalize Forward with PROCESS Temporary and Install YES NO YES not consensus onplan the plan or to install traffic calming measures, then revisions should be considered Traffic Calming Traffic Calming Permanent Project? or theEND process should end. Consensus can be measured in several ways includingMeasures formal post cardMeasures Conduct Publicsurveys,PROCESS Meeting petitions to or an informal vote (raise of hands) at the neighborhood meeting. Design and Conduct Present Draft implementationTraffic Calming Plan of the traffic calming measures should only occur if there is consensus or a minimum Community and Finalize Obtain Approvals Meeting to Define of 75 percent of the participants or residents in favor. The neighborhood or municipality could also and Permits Plan/Program Problems/Goals elect to try the traffic calming measure on a temporary basis. NO YES Regular CONCENSUS CONCENSUS Maintenance

A FFIC C LMI Finalize TrafficPlan –The Calming Traffic Calming can Program WORK! CoordinatorTRA NG should incorporate the comments received from the neighborhood meeting and finalize the traffic Move finalize calming plan. If substantial changes are required to finalize the plan, additional NO Forward with YES plan Traffic Calming public meetings may be needed. Project? END PROCESS

29  Traffic Calming Process IC CALM FF I TRA NG

Funding and Design A FFIC C LMI TRA NG  The Process of a Traffic Calming Project...After consensus has been reached on a plan, the Traffic Calming Program Coordinator needs to determine a project cost and schedule and identify any design needs. 1. Initiate a Study 2. Develop a Plan 3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and Evaluation Rank/Prioritize Projects: Sufficient funding and construction scheduling may not be available to complete all of the trafficInstall calming projects requested. A Collect and Analyze Study Request Form Rank/Prioritize project ranking systemInstall shouldTemporary be Traffic developed NO byPermanent each municipality. A “first Submitted with Petition Traffic Data Project Calming Measures come, first serve” approach may be used or a Measuresmore formal scoring system could be developed to aid in prioritizing projects. Table 3 is an example: Review TOOLBOX and YES Contact Resident to Complete Initial Screening of Table 3: Project Scoring Conduct Post- Verify/Discuss Traffic Calming Measures Collect Data and C CAL FFI ConstructionMIN Identify & Monitor Conditions TRA G Criteria Points Basis EvaluationA Secure $ FIC C LMI  The Process of a Traffic Calming Project... AF N Municipal TR G Conduct Community SpeedFunding (85th Percentile)$0 to 30 10 points for every 5 MPH over posted speed limit CA  Criteria, Policies, FFIC LMI The Process of a Traffic Calming Project... N 1. Initiate a Study 2. Develop a PlanWorkshop to Further 3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and EvaluationTRA G  The Processand Generalof a TrafficScreen/Refine Calming Options Project... Volume $ 0 to 25 5 points for every 1,000 1. Initiate a Study Principles2. Develop a Plan 3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and Evaluation NO Crashes YES 0 to 15 1 point forConduct every Public accident within the Modifylast 3 ifyears 1. Initiate a Study 2. Develop a Plan 3. Funding,FUNDING Design, andFUNDING Approvals 4. InstallationMeeting to Consider and EvaluationInstall Necessary Study Request Form ConnDOT Collect and Analyze Rank/PrioritizeNo Sidewalks 0 to 10 Install5 points Temporary if no Traffic continuous NO sidewalk, 5 points if heavy pedestrian State Road Permanent Measure Permanent NO Determine Input Install Submitted with Petition TrafficMeet Datawith Abutters Directly Project Calmingactivity Measures Measures Study Request EligibilityForm Collect and Analyze Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NO Permanent Affected by Plan Hold Install Submitted with Petition Town Officials Traffic Data ProjectSchool crossing 0 to 5 Calming5 points Measures if children must crossMeasures street to get to school Study Request Form Collect and Analyze Project Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NO Permanent Input YES Submitted with Petition Review TOOLBOXTraffic and Data PedestrianProject generators 0 to 10 5 pointsCalming for each Measures public facility (park,Measures community center, school) Contact Resident to Complete Initial Screening of YES Public Supplement any Review TOOLBOXReview with and Emergency, Study request date 0 to 5 5 points if the neighborhoodConduct has beenPost- waiting 1 or more years Verify/Discuss Traffic Calming Measures Collect Data and Input ConsiderContact Resident to Existing Data Complete InitialTransit Screening Providers of and YES Construction Review TOOLBOX and Identify & Conduct Post- Education,Verify/Discuss Traffic CalmingBike/Ped Measures Interests Design - Both Monitor Conditions Complete Initial Screening of Secure $ Collect Data and Evaluation Contact Resident to Construction Enforcement or Municipal IdentifyFunding & Temporary andIdentify Funding Sources:NO EachYES municipalityConduct will Post-need to identify the fund- Verify/Discuss ConductTraffic Community Calming Measures $ Monitor Conditions Evaluation More Traditional Secure Permanent$ Measures Collect Data and Criteria, Policies, Construction Municipal Workshop to Further FundingIdentify & ing source to construct the traffic calming project. It is possible that some Traffic Safety and General Conduct Community $ Monitor Conditions Criteria, Policies, Screen/RefineDevelop Draft Options Recommended Secure$ Modify if NeededEvaluation $projects might have Removeto wait for funding to become available for construction. Improvements PrinciplesMunicipal WorkshopTraffic to Further Calming Plan Funding and General Conduct Community NO YES $ ConductTemporary Public and InstallModify if Screen/Refine Options $ Funding could come from the municipality’s capital improvement program or YES Criteria, Policies, Principles Workshop to Further FUNDING FUNDING MeetingTraffic to Calming Consider PermanentNecessary ConnDOTand General NO YES from a fund speciallyConduct created Public for traffic calming.Modify if Private funding may also be an Screen/Refine Options $ Measures Determine State Road FUNDING FUNDING PermanentMeasures Measure NO Input Principles Conduct Public Meeting to Meeting to Consider Necessary Eligibility ConnDOT Meet with Abutters Directly NO YESoption. Conduct Public Modify if ConductState Road Permanent Measure NO Determine Input AffectedPresent byDraft Plan Traffic Calming Plan HoldFUNDING FUNDING Meeting to Consider Necessary EligibilityCommunity Town OfficialsConnDOT Meet with Abuttersand Directly Finalize State Road Project Obtain Approvals NO Determine Input Affected by Plan Hold If a project is elected to be installed first as aPermanent temporary Measure measure, funding should be secured to re- Meeting to DefineTown OfficialsInput Meet with Abutters Directly and Permits Eligibility Project Plan/Program Problems/Goals Input Affected by Plan Holdmove the measure at the conclusion of the testPublic period and/or construct the permanent solution. SupplementTown any Officials ReviewNO with Emergency, YES Regular Project Input Consider Existing Data CONCENSUS CONCENSUS Public Maintenance Supplement anyInput Transit Providers and Review with Emergency, IC CAL FF MI Education, Bike/Ped Interests Design - Both Prepare Design:TRA NG TheInput level and cost of the design effort will depend on the Consider Existing Data Transit Providers and Traffic Calming can WORK! Public Enforcement or Supplement any Review with Emergency, Temporary and NO YES Education, Bike/Ped Interests Design - Both traffic calming measures selected.Input Some measures such as traffic circles will More TraditionalConsider Move Existing Data finalize Permanent Measures Enforcement or Transit Providers and Temporary and require the productionNO of designYES plans. Municipalities should consider estab- Traffic SafetyEducation, NO Forward with YES Bike/Ped Interestsplan Design - Both More Traditional Develop Draft Recommended Permanent Measures Remove Modify if Needed ImprovementsEnforcement or Traffic Calming Temporary andlishing a set of traffic calmingNO designYES details for speed humps, speed tables, Traffic Safety Traffic Calming Plan Temporary and Install More Traditional Project? Develop ENDDraft Recommended Permanent Measureschicanes, bumpRemove outs, and Modifytraffic ifcircles Needed to aid in the customized design effort. Improvements YES Traffic Calming Permanent Traffic Safety TrafficPROCESS Calming Plan Temporary and Install Develop Draft Recommended MeasuresRemove MeasuresModify if Needed ImprovementsYES Traffic Calming Permanent Conduct PublicTraffic Meeting Calming to Plan Obtain Permits/Approvals:Temporary Theand Traffic Install Calming Program Coordinator Conduct YES Present Draft Traffic Calming Plan Measures Measures Conduct Public Meeting to Traffic Calming Permanent Community and Finalize should obtain any necessary local or state permits or approvals to construct Conduct Present Draft Traffic Calming Plan Obtain Approvals Measures Measures Meeting to Define the traffic calming measure. Coordination at the state level (if the measure is to Community andConduct Finalize Public Meeting to and Permits Plan/Program Problems/GoalsConduct Obtain Approvals Meeting to Define Present Draft Traffic Calming Plan be installed on a state road) shouldRegular happen early in the study initiation phase Community NO and FinalizeYES and Permits Plan/Program Problems/Goals CONCENSUS CONCENSUS Obtain Approvalsand occur periodically throughMaintenance the plan development and design. Meeting to Define NO YES Regular and Permits C CAL FI M AF ING Plan/Program Problems/Goals CONCENSUS CONCENSUS TR Maintenance Traffic Calming can WORK! Regular NO YES FIC CALM AF IN Move CONCENSUS finalize CONCENSUS Traffic Calming can WORK! TR G Maintenance

FIC CALM Forward with AF ING NO Move YES finalizeplan TR Traffic Calming Traffic Calming can WORK! 30 Forward with NO Project? Move YES planfinalize Traffic Calming END Forward with NOProject? YES PROCESS plan Traffic Calming END PROCESS Project? END PROCESS  Traffic Calming Process IC CALM FF I TRA NG

Installation and Evaluation A FFIC C LMI TRA NG  The Process of a Traffic Calming Project... Once the traffic calming measure plan has been approved and designed, it can then be installed on a temporary or permanent basis. A FFIC C LMI 1. Initiate a Study 2. Develop a Plan 3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and EvaluationTRA NG FIC CALM  The Process of a Traffic Calming Project... AF ING InstallT RTemporary Measure: If traffic flow or roadway conditions are to be  The Process of a Traffic Calming Project... significantly altered or if there is desire from the neighborhood to test a traffic 1. Initiate a Study 2. Develop a Plan 3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and EvaluationInstall Study Request Form Collect and Analyze Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NOcalmingPermanent measure, the traffic calming measure could be installed on a tempo- 1. InitiateSubmitted a Study with Petition 2. Develop a PlanTraffic Data 3. Funding, Design,Project and Approvals 4. InstallationCalming Measures and Evaluation rary basis.Measures To the extent feasible, the temporary measures should be similar to Install Study Request Form Collect and Analyze Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NO thePermanent permanent ones. Temporary installations provide municipalities with the YES Submitted with Petition Review TOOLBOXTraffic Data and Project abilityCalming to evaluateMeasures the effectivenessMeasuresInstall of the measure and to remove it easily if desired. It’s important that Study Request Form Collect and Analyze Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NO Contact Resident to Complete Initial Screening of the effectiveness of a certain measurePermanent not be overshadowed by it’s appearance in temporary form, as Submitted with Petition Traffic Data Project Calming Measures ConductMeasures Post- Verify/Discuss Traffic Calming Measures Collect Data and Review TOOLBOX and many temporaryYES measures areConstruction not as attractive as permanent measures. C CAL Identify & Monitor Conditions FFI MIN Contact Resident to Complete Initial Screening of Secure $ TRA G Evaluation YES Conduct Post-  The ProcessVerify/Discuss of a MunicipalTraffic CalmingReviewConductTraffic TOOLBOX Calming Community MeasuresProject... and Funding $ Collect Data and MonitorConstruction Conditions: When a temporary measure is installed, it should be Contact Resident to Criteria, Policies, CompleteWorkshop Initial to Screening Further of Identify & Monitor Conditions Secure $ monitoredEvaluationConduct over Post- a pre-determined test period to determine its effectiveness and 1. Initiate a Study Verify/Discuss and2. General Develop a Plan TrafficScreen/Refine Calming MeasuresOptions 3. Funding, Design, and Approvals$ 4. InstallationCollect and DataEvaluation and Municipal Funding Principles Conduct Community $ Construction Criteria, Policies, NO Identify & YES Monitor Conditions neighborhood acceptance. A test period should last between 6 and 12 Workshop to Further Secure $ Conduct Public EvaluationModify if FUNDING FUNDING Municipaland General Screen/Refine Options Funding $ Meeting to Consider months.Necessary Near the end of the testing period, additional data should be collected ConnDOT Conduct Community $ Install State RoadCriteria, Policies,Principles Permanent Measure Study RequestNO Form Determine Input Collect and AnalyzeWorkshop to Further Rank/PrioritizeNO YES Install Temporary TrafficConduct NOPublic Permanent(speed Modify and if volume as necessary) to determine if benefits are being achieved. Eligibility and General Meet with Abutters Directly FUNDING FUNDING Submitted with Petition Traffic DataScreen/Refine Options Project $ Calming MeasuresIt mayMeeting be to necessary Consider Measures to monitorNecessary adjacent streets to determine if the problem has shifted. ConnDOT Affected by Plan Hold State RoadPrinciples NO Determine Town Officials NO YES Permanent Measure Input Meet with Abutters Directly Project Conduct Public Modify if Eligibility Input FUNDING FUNDING Meeting to Consider Necessary ConnDOT Affected by Plan Hold YES Conduct Public Meeting: Following the testing period, the Local Traffic State Road Town Officials Review TOOLBOX and NO Determine Project PermanentPublic Measure Contact Resident to SupplementInput Input any Complete Initial ScreeningMeetReview with with ofAbutters Emergency, Directly Calming Coordinator should arrange a public meeting to solicit feedback on Eligibility InputConduct Post- Verify/DiscussConsider Existing Data Traffic Calming MeasuresTransitAffected Providers by Plan and Hold Town Officials Collect Data and Public Constructionthe traffic calming measure and to determine if the neighborhood supports Education, Supplement any Bike/PedReview with Interests Emergency, IdentifyProject & Design - Both Monitor Conditions InputFIC CALM Consider Input NO AF IYESN installing a permanent measure or prefers the measure to be removed and not Enforcement or Existing Data Transit Providers and Secure $ Temporary and TR EvaluationG Municipal IC CAL More TraditionalEducation, Bike/Ped Interests Funding PermanentDesign -Measures Both FF MIN replaced. Modifications to the temporary measure can also be considered for  The Process of a Traffic CalmingConduct Community Project... $ TRA Public G Enforcement or Criteria, Policies,Supplement any Review with Emergency, Temporary and NO YES Traffic Safety Workshop toDevelop Further Draft Recommended Input the permanent solution.  The ProcessConsiderMore Traditional of a TrafficExisting Data Calming Project... Permanent Measures Remove Modify if Needed Improvements and General Screen/Refine OptionsTransit Providers and $ 1. Initiate a Study 2. Develop a Plan Traffic Calming Plan3. Funding, Design, and Approvals 4. Installation and Evaluation Education,Traffic Safety Principles DevelopBike/Ped Draft Interests Recommended Design - Both Temporary and Install YES NO YES Conduct PublicRemove NO ModifyModifyYES if Needed if 1. Initiate a StudyEnforcementImprovements or 2. Develop a Plan Traffic Calming3. Plan Funding, Design, and Approvals Temporary4. Installation and andTraffic Evaluation Calming PermanentInstall Permanent Measure: A permanent measure can be installed either FUNDING FUNDING Meeting to ConsiderTemporary Necessaryand Install More Traditional ConnDOTYES Permanent Measures Measures Measures State Road Traffic Calming Install Permanentafter the test period for a temporary measure or as an initial installation. As NO TrafficDetermine Safety Conduct Public Meeting to Permanent Measure Study Request Form Input Collect and Analyze Develop Draft Recommended Rank/Prioritize Install Temporary Traffic NO Measures Eligibility Conduct Meet with AbuttersPresent Directly Draft Traffic Calming Plan MeasuresRemovePermanent Install Modify iftraffic Needed calming continues to grow and traffic calming measures are implement- Submitted with PetitionImprovements Traffic Data TrafficConduct Calming Public Plan Meeting to Project Calming Measures Study Request Form Community Collect and AnalyzeAffected by Plan and Finalize Rank/PrioritizeHold Install Temporary Traffic NOTemporaryPermanentMeasures and Install TownConduct Officials Present Draft Traffic Calming Plan Obtain Approvals ed in other areas of the municipality a temporary measure with a test period Submitted with Petition MeetingYES to Define Traffic Data ProjectProject Calming Measures Traffic CalmingMeasures Permanent CommunityInput and Finalize Obtainand ApprovalsPermits Plan/Program Problems/Goals Measures Measuresmay not be needed. Meeting to Define YES Regular Review TOOLBOX and NO Conduct Public Meeting toYES and Permits Public Plan/Program Problems/GoalsSupplement any ReviewCONCENSUS with Emergency, CONCENSUS Maintenance Contact Resident to Conduct CompleteReview TOOLBOXInitial Screening and Presentof NO Draft Traffic Calming PlanYES YES Input Regular Consider Existing Data FIC CALM Conduct Post-Construction Evaluation: The municipality may decide to F IN Conduct Post- Transit Providers and A Verify/Discuss Community Traffic Calming MeasuresCONCENSUS and Finalize CONCENSUS TR G Maintenance ContactEducation, Resident to Complete Initial Screening of TrafficDesign Calming - Both Obtain canApprovals CollectWORK! Data and Bike/Ped Interests IC CAL M Construction FF I Meeting to Define Identify & TRA NG Conduct Post- monitor the conditions of a traffic calming measure after it is permanently Verify/Discuss Traffic Calming Measures Traffic Calmingand canPermitsMonitor WORK! ConditionsNO YES Plan/Program Enforcement or Problems/GoalsMove finalize Secure $Temporary and Collect Data and ConstructionEvaluation Identify & installed. This collection of data will assist to document how a problem has More Traditional Municipal Move NO finalizeYES Funding Permanent Measures Monitor Conditions Regular NO Forward with YES Conduct Community plan Secure $$ Evaluation Traffic Safety Criteria,Traffic Policies, CalmingForward with CONCENSUS CONCENSUS Maintenancebeen changed. Any permanent installation should be in place for at least 6 MunicipalNO YES WorkshopDevelop to Further Draft Recommended plan Funding Modify if Needed Conduct Community RemoveC CAL FFI MI $ RA NG Improvements Criteria,and General Policies,Project?Traffic Calming Screen/RefineTraffic Options CalmingEND Plan $ T months before data is collected for evaluation. If necessary the municipality Workshop to Further Traffic Calming can WORK!Temporary and Install Principles Project? END YES and General Screen/Refine OptionsPROCESS NO YES$ ConductTraffic Public Calming can modifyPermanentModify the if installed traffic calming measure. If the municipality receives complaints regarding the Move finalize Principles PROCESS FUNDING FUNDING NO YES Meeting toMeasures Consider MeasuresNecessary NO ConnDOTForward with YES plan Conduct Public traffic calmingModify if measures these should be documented and addressed. State Road Conduct Public Meeting to FUNDING FUNDING NO Determine Traffic Calming MeetingPermanent to Consider Measure Necessary Conduct ConnDOTInput Meet withPresent Abutters Draft Directly Traffic Calming Plan Eligibility State Road Project? NO Determine Community END Permanent Measure Input Meet withAffected Abutters by Plan Directlyand Finalize Hold Obtain Approvals Maintenance: The municipality should plan and program regular mainte- EligibilityMeeting to DefineTown Officials PROCESS Affected by Plan ProjectHold and Permits Plan/Program nance for all traffic calming measures installed. Problems/GoalsTownInput Officials Project Regular Input NO YES Public Supplement any ReviewCONCENSUS with Emergency, CONCENSUS Maintenance Input C CAL FFI MIN Public Consider Existing Data RA G Supplement any ReviewTransit with Providers Emergency, and T TrafficDesign Calming - Both can WORK! Input Education,Consider Existing Data TransitBike/Ped Providers Interests and Move finalize NO YES EnforcementEducation, or Bike/Ped Interests TemporaryDesign - Both and EnforcementMore Traditional or NO Forward with YES plan PermanentTemporary Measures and NO YES 31 Traffic Safety Traffic Calming Permanent Measures More Traditional Develop Draft Recommended Remove Modify if Needed ImprovementsTraffic Safety Project? Traffic CalmingEND Plan Develop Draft Recommended TemporaryRemove Modifyand if InstallNeeded Improvements YES PROCESS Traffic Calming Plan TrafficTemporary Calming andPermanent Install YES TrafficMeasures Calming PermanentMeasures Conduct Public Meeting to Conduct Measures Measures PresentConduct Draft Public Traffic Meeting Calming to Plan Community Conduct Present Draftand Traffic Finalize Calming Plan Obtain Approvals Meeting to Define Community and Finalize Obtainand ApprovalsPermits Plan/Program MeetingProblems/Goals to Define NO YES and Permits Plan/ProgramRegular Problems/Goals CONCENSUS CONCENSUS Maintenance NO YES Regular A FFIC C LMI CONCENSUS CONCENSUS Traffic Calming can WORK! TRA NG Maintenance A FFIC C LMI RA NG Move finalize Traffic Calming can WORK! T NO ForwardMove with YES finalizeplan Traffic Calming NO Forward with YES plan TrafficProject? Calming END Project? PROCESSEND PROCESS FIC CALM AF ING TR SCRCOG Pilot Project

South Central Regional Council of Governments (SCRCOG) Traffic Calming Study Pilot Project – North Elm Street, Wallingford, CT

Executive Summary

Introduction

A pilot project was performed as part of the SCRCOG regional traffic calming study. The purpose of this pilot project was to highlight the traffic calming study process developed as part of this Traffic Calming Tools Resource Guide. The SCRCOG region member communities were offered the opportunity to submit an application for consulting services to help develop a traffic calming study for a road in their town/city. The Town of Wallingford’s application was selected. The Town of Wallingford requested assistance with a traffic calming study on North Elm Street between Curtis Avenue and Christian Street. Adjacent land use in the study area includes residential and Choate Rosemary Hall school (Choate). Choate is constructing a new dorm on North Elm Street across from Curtis Avenue. As a result of this project Choate requested the Town install stop signs on North Elm Street at Curtis Avenue. The Town responded that they would like to consider other options to slow down traffic and improve pedestrian crossings in the vicinity.

The purpose of this traffic calming study is to provide a “complete” street that accommodates traffic flow and provides pedestrian crossings in a safe environment.

The following is a summary of the steps undertaken for this study. A full report for the traffic calming pilot study is on file at SCRCOG.

Project Initiation

The consultant team initiated the study with a meeting with the Town to gather input and information. The Town supplied accident history and traffic count information. Initial field observations and meetings were conducted with the Town of Wallingford Engineering Department and Police Department as well as Choate Rose Mary Hall School.

Existing Conditions/Data Collection

To better understand traffic and pedestrian operations in the study area, information was collected on traffic volumes (daily, peak hour, and intersection turning movement counts), pedestrian volumes (at key cross walks), traffic speeds (85th percentile), and accident data (latest three years available). Visual observations of existing roadway signing, pavement markings, and pedestrian activity were also performed. Information was also collected on the adjacent land uses.

Community Involvement:

An initial community meeting was held at the Wallingford Town Hall from 6:30 PM to 8:30PM. The consulting team gave a brief presentation that described the study team, study purpose, existing conditions, and traffic claming toolbox summary. It was also explained that the purpose of this first community meeting was to solicit input on issues and concerns in the study area and to identify opportunities to address the problems. The attendees were divided into three subsets for small group discussions on the issues and ideas for addressing them. After the discussion each group summarized its findings.

The project team, including members from the Town, met with members of the Choate Student Council as a means to reach out to key stakeholders/ pedestrians. A brief presentation and work group session similar to the first community meeting was conducted as part of one of the regular student council meetings.

Additional meetings were held with the Town staff (Engineering, Police, Public Works, Electrical Division and the Mayor) and Choate School administration to solicit feedback on preliminary options. A meeting with the fire department/emergency services was not conducted as vertical deflection options (raised crosswalks, speed bumps) were no longer being considered for short-term options.

A second community meeting was conducted at Town Hall to discuss the progress on the North Elm Street Traffic Calming Study and to present the study options. The consultant team gave a brief presentation outlining the issues and options. Following the presentation, a discussion took place regarding what options the community liked and other things to consider.

The study process and options for the Town to consider as it moves forward with funding, approvals, and design were summarized in a formal report prepared for SCRCOG and the Town of Wallingford. The options were presented for short-term and long-term considerations and options for Choate to consider (such as education) were also included.

This study process generally followed the Traffic Calming Project Process flowchart provided in this guide. The Development of a Plan phase was conducted using extensive community outreach. As experienced in this pilot project, the community outreach and stakeholder meetings need to be tailored to the community concerns and project circumstances.

FIC CALM AF ING TR Appendix  Resources IC CALM FF I TRA NG

Traffic Calming Resources/Other Websites:

Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE) Traffic Calming Library: http://www.ite.org/traffic/ Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) ‘Lesson 11’ on Traffic Calming: http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/univcourse/swless11.htm Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) ‘Lesson 20’ on Traffic Calming: http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pedbike/pubs/05085/chapt20.htm Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sidewalk2/ National Center for Safe Routes to School: http://www.saferoutesinfo.org/ Florida Traffic and Bicycle Safety Program – Safe Routes to School: http://www.dcp.ufl.edu/centers/trafficsafetyed/html_safe-ways.html National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s Safe Routes to School guide: http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/pedbimot/bike/Safe-Routes-2002/ Victoria Transport Policy Institute Online TDM Encyclopedia – Traffic Calming http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm4.htm Municipal Research and Services Center of Washington (State) Traffic Calming Newsletter: http://mrsc.org/Publications/mrnews/mrnews0305.aspx TrafficCalming.Org’s types of traffic calming measures: http://www.trafficcalming.org/measures2.html TrafficCalming.Org’s list of traffic calming references: http://www.trafficcalming.org/references.html Pennsylvania’s Neighborhood Traffic Calming Resource (Bucknell University): http://www.students.bucknell.edu/projects/trafficcalming/ Route 50 Corridor Coalition (Virginia) Information on Traffic Calming: http://www.route50.org/trafclm.html San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) Traffic Calming/Livable Streets website: http://www.sfmta.com/cms/ocalm/13563.html Henrico County (Virginia) Traffic Calming Website: http://www.co.henrico.va.us/works/traffic/trafficcalming.html Traffic Calming Guidelines for Norwalk, CT Department of Public Works: http://calmtraffic.org/TrafficCalmingGuidelines.htm Wikipedia Entry for Traffic Calming: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_calming

32 Request for Traffic Calming Study Form Introduction: The purpose of this form is to initiate a municipal traffic calming review. It must be completed by a resident (or neighborhood group member). This request will be processed according to procedures in (Municipal Code/ SCROG Traffic Calming Resource Guide). Please print clearly. If you have questions regarding this form, please contact XXXX at (203) – XXX – XXXX.

1. Roadway Information: Indicate the name(s) of the street (s) for which the study is being requested and the limits of the study area (i.e. Brown Street from First Avenue to Second Road). a. Street Name(s):______

Limits: From:______To:______b. Traffic Concern - describe the problem:

c. Description of desired improvement/traffic calming measure:

2. Resident Contact Information - a contact person must be indicated to process the request. Name of Resident:______Neighborhood Group:______Address: ______Daytime phone #:______E-mail: ______

I consent to be the laison/contact person for this traffic calming study request. I understand that completing this form does not guarantee the traffic calming measure will be installed as the (Municipality) will need to consider its merit with respect to safety, costs, emergency access, maintenance and neighborhood acceptance, etc.

Signature:______

Please attach any additional information/evidence to support the request and mail to:

XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX