Traffic Calming Some Definitions
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A Minority of Streets Account for a Majority of Traffic Flow Bin Jiang
Street Hierarchies: A Minority of Streets Account for a Majority of Traffic Flow Bin Jiang Department of Land Surveying and Geo-informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Email: [email protected] Abstract Urban streets are hierarchically organized in the sense that a majority of streets are trivial, while a minority of streets is vital. This hierarchy can be simply, but elegantly, characterized by the 80/20 principle, i.e. 80 percent of streets are less connected (below the average), while 20 percent of streets are well connected (above the average); out of the 20 percent, there is 1 percent of streets that are extremely well connected. This paper, using a European city as an example, examined, at a much more detailed level, such street hierarchies from the perspective of geometric and topological properties. Based on an empirical study, we further proved a previous conjecture that a minority of streets accounts for a majority of traffic flow; more accurately, the 20 percent of top streets accommodate 80 percent of traffic flow (20/80), and the 1 percent of top streets account for more than 20 percent of traffic flow (1/20). Our study provides new evidence as to how a city is (self-)organized, contributing to the understanding of cities and their evolution using increasingly available mobility geographic information. Keywords: urban street networks, street hierarchy, traffic, power laws, Zipf’s law, Pareto distributions 1. Introduction As a basic man-made infrastructure and backbone of cities, urban streets demonstrate a hierarchical structure in the sense that a majority is trivial, while a minority is vital. -
Transportationtransportation
Transportationtransportation City of Elmhurst Comprehensive Plan TransporTATion Elmhurst’s transportation system consists of an extensive roadway network, including direct access to Interstate High- ways I-290, I-294, and I-88, an extensive commuter rail and bus transit system, as well as a well-connected pedestrian and bike network. This transportation network allows for easy and accessible travel within the City and excellent con- nections to the surrounding metropolitan area. Elmhurst’s interstate highway and commuter rail access are among its strongest assets, making it a very desirable community for living and conducting business. Therefore, maintain- ing a well-functioning and efficient transportation system is critical to sustaining the high quality-of-life in the com- munity. A review of existing conditions, including average daily traffic and transit ridership history, formed the basis for the development of the transportation framework and functional street classification. Through this analysis, pri- Commuter and freight rail tracks ority improvement areas were identified, as well as general improvements or suggestions to manage population and employment growth, relative to a functional and efficient 8. Improve wayfinding signage throughout the city to aid transportation system. This section provides an overview pedestrians, bicyclists and motorists in locating and of the transportation network in Elmhurst and offers some accessing key community facilities. recommendations to sustain and strengthen community mobility. Goal 2: Maintain and determine adequate parking facilities to serve land uses throughout the city. Goals AND OBJECTIVES Objectives: Goal 1: Continue to enhance mobility within the City by 1. Actively monitor, manage and address on-street and effectively managing local traffic issues and anticipating the off-street parking needs within the city to ensure ad- impact of future development on current traffic patterns. -
Residential Traffic Calming Handbook
Residential Traffic Calming Handbook Ho w to calm excessive traffic and speeding in residential areas Public Works Department Traffic Services Division 1 Hillsborough County Residential Traffic Calming Handbook Hillsborough County Public Works Department County Center 601 East Kennedy, 23rd floor Tampa, Florida, 33602 Phone: (813) 272-5912 February 16, 1988 Revised June 7, 1989 Revised September 24, 1992 Revised May 5, 1994 Revised April 7, 1999 Revised April 18, 2001 Latest Revision June 7, 2006 2 Table of Contents Section Subject Page Introduction 4 1.0 What Roads are Covered in this Program? 5 2.0 Is my Traffic Problem Speeding or Volume? 5 3.0 Who pays for Calming Measures? 5-6 4.0 Speed Calming Measures 6 4.1 Civic Involvement/Neighborhood Traffic Watch Program 6 4.2 Roundabouts 6-7 4.3 Street Narrowing/Intersection Throating 7-8 4.4 Speed Humps 8 4.5 Narrowed Speed Humps 8-9 4.6 Chicanes 9 5.0 Volume Calming Measures 10 5.1 Turn Restrictions and One-Way Streets 10-11 5.2 Median Modifications 11 5.3 Diverters and Partial Diverters 11-12 6.0 Other Traffic Calming Measures 12 7.0 Standard Procedure for Implementation of Traffic Calming Measures 13 7.1 Step 1: Initiation 13 7.2 Step 2: Traffic Engineering Analysis/Classification 13-14 7.21 Class I: Minor Excessive Speed 14 7.22 Class II: Excessive Speed or Volume 14 7.23 Notification to Other Agencies 14 7.3 Step 3: Hearing Master Preliminary Analysis 15 7.4 Step 4: Hearing Master Hearing/Recommendation 15 7.41 Notice of Public Hearing 15 7.42 Purpose of Public Meeting 16 7.5 Step 5: Hearing Master Recommendation 16 7.6 Step 6: Petition 16 7.61 Petition Signature Requirements 17 7.7 Step 7: BOCC Meeting 18 8.0 Removal of Speed and Volume Traffic Calming Measures 18 9.0 Emergency Procedures 19 10.0 Who Do I Call for Help? 19 11.0 Effective Date 19 Standard Procedure Diagram 20 3 Introduction Your Board of County Commissioners (BOCC) is aware that speeding and excessive traffic volume are two of the most common residential traffic complaints reported to local law enforcement and traffic engineering officials. -
Pennsylvania's Traffic Calming Handbook
PPeennnnssyyllvvaanniiaa’’ss TTrraaffffiicc CCaallmmiinngg HHaannddbbooookk Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Pub 383 (7-12) PPeennnnssyyllvvaanniiaa’’ss TTrraaffffiicc CCaallmmiinngg HHaannddbbooookk Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Bureau of Maintenance and Operations (BOMO) Publication No. 383 PA Traffic Calming Handbook on the Web: Pub383ftp://ftp.dot.state.pa.us/public/PubsForms/Publications/PUB%20383.pdf Cover Photos: Bucknell University, Pennsylvania Peters Township, Pennsylvania Municipality of Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania July 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION _________________________________________________ 1 History of Traffic Calming ........................................................................................... 2 Objectives of Traffic Calming ..................................................................................... 2 When Is Traffic Calming Appropriate? ....................................................................... 3 Education ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Enforcement ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Engineering ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Where are Traffic Calming Measures Appropriate? ................................................... 4 PennDOT -
Neighborhood Road Design Guidebook a Massachusetts Guide to Sustainable Design for Neighborhood Roads
NEIGHBORHOOD ROAD DESIGN GUIDEBOOK A MASSACHUSETTS GUIDE TO SUSTAINABLE DESIGN FOR NEIGHBORHOOD ROADS A joint project of the Massachusetts Chapter of the American Planning Association Home Builders Association of Massachusetts Prepared for the Citizen Planner’s Training Collaborative March 14, 2012 Overview 2 1. Why a new Guidebook now? 2. Who will use this? 3. What is the general approach 4. Examples of recommended design standards 5. Cross Sections 6. Implementation Why Now? 3 1. Road design for whom? 2. Change in vehicle types 3. What is a win-win approach? 4. Length of time to change rules and regulations Why a new Guide now? 4 Massachusetts guide for Neighborhood Roads to create model guidelines and match local settings. This is called “context sensitive” design. Other road design manuals don’t get at local streets very well Who might use the Guidebook? 5 There are many “actors” in Transportation Design Engineers and designers (private and public sectors) Applicants who are building new infrastructure as part of their projects; Planning Directors/Planners; Planning Boards, Board of Selectmen, Fire and Emergency Service providers; Regional Planning Associations – link to state funding and state projects; Abutters; Land use and environmental advocates; and Finally –build roads that benefit the USERS What kind of Guidebook? 6 Project Goals Reduce environmental impacts of roadway development, operation and maintenance; Encourage Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS) in residential roadway design; Provide specific guidelines and references for municipal application; Promote innovative techniques for stormwater management; and Reduce maintenance costs of roadways and stormwater systems. What kind of Guidebook? 7 Project Goals (contin.) Encourage consistency in approach and rationale in residential roadway design across Massachusetts; Promote inter-connectivity of roads; Promote pedestrian and non- motorized access; Promote universal accessibility; and Provide guidance for the design of neighborhood scale residential roads. -
PHILADELPHIA STREET HIERARCHIES Thomson Korostoff University Scholars Summer and Fall 2016
PHILADELPHIA STREET HIERARCHIES Thomson Korostoff University Scholars Summer and Fall 2016 Introduction The Philadelphia grid is considered one of the foundational American city plans, a pattern replicated across the nation that embodies geometry, legibility, and organization at its purest. A marked change, at its application in 1682, from the organic morphologies of European cities, the regularity of the drawn grid is startling. And over a century later Charles Dickens criticized Philadelphia: “It is a handsome city, but distractingly regular. After walking about for an hour or two, I felt that I would have given the world for a crooked street.”1 But this grid is deceptive. Inside each of the huge blocks of Philadelphia’s grid are myriad alleyways, courts, back-buildings, and passages that defied the regularity of the external blocks. Dickens’ take on the personal aesthetic experience of the grid highlights its superficiality. While these alleys are composed of straight lines, it is only the visual appearance of non-crooked corners in the alleys and courts that distinguishes Philadelphia from a curving organic form such as Boston’s. The means by which internal courts are built and formed is the same organic growth as a non-gridded city.2 Unclear The scale of Philadelphia’s grid and the localized nature of organic growth within it create a distinctive urban form of squares and interiors, one that under examination at an intermediate block-level scale reveals a distinct hierarchy of street types. This hierarchical urban fabric produces a diversity of architectural forms that in turn allow for a city that retains a remarkable level of demographic racial diversity into the 20th century. -
Maine Turtle Roadkill Survey 2020
Maine Turtle Roadkill Survey 2020 2020 Training Session Sharing Info Sharing info with the Community The overall goal of the project is to help reduce turtle mortality on roadways There are a number of different ways that can be done using the data we collect Sharing info with the Community First of all, raise awareness of the issue Most people don’t notice roadkill much, and rarely see turtle roadkill. Even when they do, they might not understand the impact it can have on the population. Sharing info with the Community Next, work with those responsible for roadways to find solutions. Maine DOT looks at roadkill data when they plan maintenance and other road work, to try to incorporate passage. Sharing info with the Community Wildlife crossing signs can be put in place to warn drivers of high turtle mortality areas. They are only open during the active season Sharing info with the Community Wildlife crossing structures can be put in place to facilitate safe passage through roadways. This salamander tunnel allows light in through the grate on top Sharing info with the Community Up-sizing culverts can also allow safe passage. Sharing info with the Community Wildlife fencing can also keep wildlife off the roads. Sharing info with the Community Traffic calming techniques can also benefit wildlife. Sharing info with the Community Land use and transportation planning. • Avoid increased traffic where endangered species are found • Keep areas adjacent to wildlife crossing hotspots undeveloped Sharing info with the Community THANKS!. -
Traffic Calming Traffic Calming Traffic Calming Traffic Calming
Traffic Calming Traffic Calming Traffic Traffic Calming Traffic Traffic Calming Traffic Calming .............................................................................................................................173 Cycle Segregation Unit .......................................................................................................184 B Traffic Islands - Permanent ...................................................................................................174 www.marshalls.co.uk/commercial/traffic-calming Traffic Islands - Demountable .............................................................................................175 Protective Guardrailing ...........................................................................................................176 Traffic Ramps .................................................................................................................................177 S-Ramp .............................................................................................................................................178 Speed Cushions ...........................................................................................................................179 Speedcheck ...................................................................................................................................180 Keycheck ..........................................................................................................................................181 Interlocking Traffic Blocks -
Traffic Calming Program
Prepared For: City of Paso Robles RESIDENTIAL AND ARTERIAL/COLLECTOR STREET TRAFFIC CALMING PROGRAM Final Draft Prepared By: 5307-07TCP004cvr.doc Residential and Arterial/Collector Street Traffic Calming Program Final Draft Prepared For: City of Paso Robles Prepared By: RESIDENTIAL AND ARTERIAL/COLLECTOR STREET TRAFFIC CALMING PROGRAM FINAL DRAFT Prepared For: City of Paso Robles Prepared By OMNI-MEANS, LTD. ENGINEERS & PLANNERS 2237 Douglas Boulevard, Suite 100 Roseville, California 95661 (916) 782-8688 September 2004 25-5307-07 5307-07tcp004.doc TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 SECTION 2 - OVERALL PROGRAM GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES .................................... 3 SECTION 3 - PURPOSE.............................................................................................................................. 4 Residential Neighborhood Streets.................................................................................................... 4 Business and/or Commercial Neighborhood Streets ....................................................................... 4 School Zone Streets ......................................................................................................................... 5 SECTION 4 – TRAFFIC CALMING MEASURES .................................................................................... 6 Basic Measures ............................................................................................................................... -
Residential Street Standards & Neighborhood Traffic Control
Residential Street Standards & Neighborhood Traffic Control: A Survey of Cities' Practices and Public Officials' Attitudes Eran Ben-Joseph Institute of Urban and Regional Planning University of California at Berkeley Abstract The failure of the local street system to provide livability and safety in the residential environment can be seen in the application of neighborhood traffic management programs by local authorities to mitigate traffic problems. In order to further identify the extent of the conflict associated with "livability" and geometrical design of residential street, the following issues are examined: (1) Existing and proposed residential streets standards and regulations as practiced by various cities and their evaluation by public and city officials. (2) Traffic problems associated with residential streets and their mitigation through traffic management and control programs. Data are collected from Public Works and Traffic Engineering Departments of 56 Californian cities and 19 cities nation-wide. The findings show that most cities are still adhering to published street standards as recommended by different professional and federal organizations. Although some city officials see the need to amend certain aspects of their regulations and create a more flexible framework for street design, most of them believe that the current practice is satisfactory. Yet, the extant of residents' complaints about traffic problems on their streets might indicate an inconsistency between professional practice, as manifested in street design, and its actual performance as experienced by the residents. This can also be seen in the application of traffic control devices used by local authorities to mitigate these problems of which the most common are the installation of speed humps and 4-way stop signs. -
Landscape and Traffic Factors Affecting Animal Road Mortality
JOURNALJOURNAL OF OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ENGINEERING AND AND LANDSCAPE LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT ISSN 1648–6897 / eISSN 1822-4199 ISSN 1648-6897 print/ISSN 1822-4199 online 2016 Volume 24(01): 10–20 2013 Volume 21(3): 153Á162 http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2016.1098652 doi:10.3846/16486897.2012.721784 MICROBIALLANDSCAP COMMUNITYE AND CHANGES TRAFFIC F INAC TNTTORS SPIKED AFFECTI SOILNG A BIOREMEDIATIONNIMAL TRIAL USING BIOSTIMULATION,ROAD MORTAL PHYTOREMEDIATIONITY AND BIOAUGMENTATION Shyh-Chyang LIN Hiie No˜lvak1, Jaak Truu2, Baiba Limane3, Marika Truu4, Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Management, National Quemoy University Guntis Cepurnieks5, Vadims Bartkevicˇs6, Jaanis Juhanson7, Olga Muter8 Jinning, Kinmen, Taiwan 1, 7Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Submitted23 Riia 1 Apr. str., 2015; 51010 accepted Tartu, 18 Estonia Sep. 2015 1, 2, 4 Abstract.Institute Roadkill of Ecologyis a significant and Earth indicator Sciences, in realizing Faculty the impacts of Science of roads and on Technology, adjacent ecosystems. University This of study Tartu, un- dertakes a comprehensive survey of roadkills46 Vanemuise in Kinmen str., (Taiwan) 51014 Tartu,and analyzes Estonia their causes. Two models, Traffic Flow 3, 8 Model and InstituteGeometric of Model, Microbiology combined andwith Biotechnology,animal road-crossing University behaviors, of are Latvia, used to 4 derive Kronvalda survival blvd., probability. Survey results and model predictions yield similarLV-1586 results Riga,for moderate Latvia traffic flow and agree in bird and small mam- 4, 5, 6 mal roadkill frequencyInstitute prediction. of Food Safety,It is found Animal that traffic Health volume, and Environmentadjacent landscape (BIOR), and road 3 Lejupescondition str.,are the major contributing factors related to roadkills. -
Speed Management Toolbox for Rural Communities
Speed Management Toolbox for Rural Communities Final Report April 2013 Sponsored by Federal Highway Administration Iowa Department of Transportation Iowa Highway Research Board (IHRB Project TR-630) Midwest Transportation Consortium (InTrans Project 11-393) About MTC The Midwest Transportation Consortium (MTC) is a Tier 1 University Transportation Center (UTC) that includes Iowa State University, the University of Iowa, and the University of Northern Iowa. The mission of the UTC program is to advance U.S. technology and expertise in the many disciplines comprising transportation through the mechanisms of education, research, and technology transfer at university-based centers of excellence. Iowa State University, through its Institute for Transportation (InTrans), is the MTC’s lead institution. About CTRE The mission of the Center for Transportation Research and Education (CTRE) at Iowa State University is to develop and implement innovative methods, materials, and technologies for improving transportation efficiency, safety, and reliability while improving the learning environment of students, faculty, and staff in transportation-related fields. Disclaimer Notice The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the sponsors. The sponsors assume no liability for the contents or use of the information contained in this docu- ment. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The sponsors do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names ap- pear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document.