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Parks and Gardens in Spatial Development Policies North -Westphalia - A best practice case study

This best practice case study is one of the seven to be compiled within Component 3 of the INTERREG IVC project Hybrid Parks (2012-2014). While two each have Content:

their focus on social and environmental aspects, three Page 3: best practice case studies focus on economic aspects. This The Provision of Public Green in North study is one of those three with economic focus, in Rhine-Westphalia particular on the use of parks and gardens for spatial development policies in the German federal state of North Page 9: Rhine-Westphalia. International Building Exhibition Emscher

Park (IBA) This case study was jointly agreed, commissioned and

supervised by the four project partners in North Rhine- Page 13: Westphalia: REGIONALE in NRW

▪ Schloss Dyck Foundation Page 18: Jüchen; Coordinator: Jens Spanjer Emscher Landscape Park 2 ▪ State Chancellery North Rhine-Westphalia Düsseldorf; Coordinator: Wolfgang Rembierz Page 21: ▪ Rhineland Regional Council (LVR) State Garden Shows Köln; Coordinator: Roswitha Arnold Page 25: ▪ Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe (LWL) Federal Garden Shows Münster, Coordinator: Udo Woltering Page 27: The case study was written by: European Garden Heritage Network – Plan+, Gelsenkirchen, Christian Grüssen EGHN

Page 29: Published in December 2012 Hybrid Parks INTERREG IVC

Page 31:

Photo Credits and Bibliography All best practice case studies and many other documents

are available as downloads on: www.hybridparks.eu

In the system of the Federal Republic of processes, such as in the Ruhr from about The Provision , North Rhine-Westphalia is one 1820 to 1950, regional plans have been of Public Green of 16 federal states. With about 18 million agreed and provisions been taken to inhabitants in an area of approximately maintain the green corridors and public in North Rhine-Westphalia 34,000 km2, North Rhine-Westphalia green needed for air and water supply and (often called NRW) is not the largest transport infrastructures. At the same time German state, but the most populous. allotment gardens were given to the workers to balance their low income not There is a long tradition of the provision of always allowing them buying sufficient public green, urban parks, allotment and healthy food. Sites that have become

gardens etc. in North Rhine-Westphalia (or derelict since then have often been its predecessor regions and states). transferred into green spaces here. Already in 1807 the first public parks, financed by citizens or associations, were Green urban squares create attractive

established in Wuppertal and Aachen. housing areas with higher real estate Other urban parks followed in the middle prices and rents. Attractively designed and 3 or late 19th century, e.g. in Essen and greened business districts help to attract Bochum. companies even in flourishing capitals such as Düsseldorf or . The green Over this long period of time, parks and city as such profits from a better image gardens and other open spaces had to raising its competitiveness when investors serve a number of purposes and and high skilled employees chose their objectives. They all add to the locations. attractiveness of the municipality and to the wellbeing of their inhabitants, some Well designed and maintained green had or still have representative functions, public sites are much enjoyed and used by some fulfil educational or scientific citizens and visitors alike. But particularly

objectives, e.g. the botanical gardens, and visitors from abroad often notice the high they all favour environmental needs such number of trees in the streets, not only as cleanliness of air, noise reduction, present on major avenues but also on reduction of temperature. smaller streets and squares in the historic centres, in business districts and housing Economic requirements and objectives areas. It is at the latest then, when they need to be mentioned too: Even in times ask how the care for public green is and areas of strong industrialisation organised.

According to the political and administrative structure of Germany, based (among others) on the principles of federalism - with strong federal states, counties and municipalities (as a term including cities, towns etc.) with

their own income (e.g. by taxes) and own budgets (e.g. for investments) - and subsidiarity, a matter ought to be handled by the smallest, lowest, or least centralized authority capable of addressing that matter effectively. Accordingly the development of and care for public green

is a matter to be dealt with by the municipalities (cities, towns etc.). Two examples:

of beddings changing in spring and organisations, dimensions, topography, summer and 400 flower pots on public traditions etc., local budgets cannot be

4 squares etc. They produce their own compared definitely. But here are some bulbs and cultivate about 600.000 indications: plants each year.  A European project within the 5th  Dortmund, a city of about 570.000 Framework Programme called URGE inhabitants too and located in the Ruhr (Development of Urban Green Spaces), area, reports 49% of its total area to be led by University Leipzig-Halle in open and green spaces. The Germany, proposed a reference value of management of this public green is in 2% of the total local budget to be used the responsibility of a division of the for the development and maintenance local building authority. About 800 of public green. It can be assumed that  In Düsseldorf, the capital of North Rhine-Westphalia hectares (nearly 2.000 acres) urban this value has been true for many with 570.000 inhabitants, they consider the 200.000 parks and more than 120.000 trees municipalities only in times of tall trees (among them 69.000 along the streets) to be along 2.000 km of streets are to be economic wellbeing and might be a one of the dominating green elements in the city. maintained. target value to achieve. About 600 members of staff take care of the parks, graveyards, woods and other green spaces. Of those There are very few statistics about the  The Gartenamtsleiterkonferenz GALK, about 210 staff members of the so-called Gartenamt costs for maintaining and about the an association of the heads of local authorities or divisions caring for the (garden authority), which exists for more than 130 investments for enhancing public green in years now, maintain (without using any chemical green in Germany, has published (on German cities. Moreover, due to different pesticides etc.) the public parks, including 9000 sq. m. www.galk.de: Heribert Eschenbruch;

Kennzahlen für die Erstellung und Unterhaltung von ten years for a specific area and as a priority on enhancing nearby sites, many Grünanlagen; kennzahlen_eschenbruch_120529.pdf) promising way to integrate different of the balancing areas and measures are some indicative figures. According to their research policies. They include an analysis of the on distant public sites. the investment for a new average public green is situation, priorities for the area, measures between 20 and 70 Euro per square meter. The Often now, the management of public annual costs for maintaining a public green of to improve the situation and a financial open spaces and the care for the green 165.000 square meter with lawns, shrubs, pathways plan. etc. has been calculated with a total of 312.000 Euro has been organised in the form of more (including staff, machinery, materials etc.) respectively Funding of integrated urban development independent administrative units or 1,89 Euro per square meter. in NRW is based on the agreements made businesses. In these companies the in the „Leipzig Charta“, in particular municipality remains the unique or most inward development, climate protection important shareholders or partner, but the For some of their investments municipalities can apply for and energy saving, knowledge-based legal form allows a greater flexibility additional funding from the federal state, in particular economy of cities and integration. As a especially while acting on the market. from the Ministry for Building, Housing, Urban result, policy programmes agreed by the Development and Transport and the Ministry for Climate state government, include the support of Protection, Environment, Agriculture, Nature Conservation liveable cities, the enhancement of 5 and Consumer Protection. housing districts or the green city in the context of the mitigation of climate change. In 2012 the state gave a total of 181 million Euro additional funding to 141 cities and towns, of that 88 million Euro for 117 measures to revive city centres and historical centres and 93 million Euro for 60 projects devoted to „urban redevelopment“ and „social city“.

Other sources for “green investments” are those obligatory payments to be made by people and companies who are allowed to use green sites for buildings, parking etc.

To balance the negative effects of their But there is not much funding for “green as such”. As construction work, e.g. the sealing of with all other investments, an Integrated Local Action green areas, these payments are often Plan is an obligatory basis for funding by the state. Such used to enhance remaining green areas, plans need to define a comprehensive strategy for five to e.g. by planting trees. Even if there is a

administering public tasks are hoped to experiencing the development of sites and save money by reducing the number of areas within the landscape and enhancing staff members, by paying lower wages to regional identity. All this adds to the new staff members or by generating appearance of a region, to the wellbeing higher income as well. This objective or of the people living there and to the strategy is also often pursued by international economic competitiveness. outsourcing some of the maintenance The preservation and creation of parks and work, such as mowing the green or cutting gardens will be a piece of the puzzle in trees, to private companies. this 'protective development of cultural landscapes'. The inclusion of the private sector – first of all landscape architects - into the design Certain “green tasks”, in particular large of open spaces and green areas has a scale activities benefitting more than one much longer and well acclaimed tradition. community, were also handed over to However, the number of open regional bodies. One newer example is the competitions for finding high quality maintenance of the Emscher Landscape 6 designs or master plans is diminishing as Park (see below). Here the they are said to be too lengthy or costly. Regionalverband Ruhr RVR (Regional Association Ruhr), partly financed as the On the state level, the State Chancellery regional hub by 11 independent coordinates the various ministries of the municipalities and four districts of the Ruhr state and is itself responsible for European Metropolis and by the state North Rhine- policy, spatial planning (‘Raumordnung’) Westphalia, has taken over the care for and planning activities on the level of the central sites of this huge regional park. federal state North Rhine-Westphalia (‘Landesplanung’). A new objective is the Two other key organisations are the so-called "protective cultural landscape Rhineland Regional Council (LVR) and development." Future spatial planning will the Regional Association of Westphalia- be requested to be aware that spatial Lippe (LWL). While their histories, But there is a second rationale behind this restructuring planning interferes with historically obligations, rights and activities can be process: in times of lower income and restricted public matured landscapes and redesigns those compared in many ways, the following budgets requesting higher expenditures for social tasks landscapes. The key objective is to two characterisations - taken form their and leaving a very limited budget for investments and so- preserve the diversity and variety of Situation Reports compiled for Hybrid called voluntary expenditures (with green, culture etc. cultural landscapes and other important Parks (available on www.hybridparks.eu) - often regarded as such), those new forms of cultural heritage assets. This will allow exemplify the broad range of approaches.

In the situation report, the LVR states that lectures in gardens since the year 2000. raising public awareness for garden art LWL took on the role of advisor on the and enhancing the cultural and touristic refurbishment of 14 gardens and parks. In resources of parks, gardens and their total, around four million Euros were environments as close to the heart of the invested. At present, the LWL-Department LVR. Gardens and parks, in combination for Heritage Preservation, Landscape and with the landscapes that surround them, Building Culture is working on a are essential parts of our cultural heritage management plan for the park of and key ingredients of liveable cities. In Nordkirchen to obtain funds for the combination with cultural landscapes they restoration of neglected areas. are cornerstones to foster economic and regional characteristics and to balance Most of the public parks and gardens that deficits in policies dealing with economic, are open to the public, and most of them ecologic, social and cultural aspects. without any entrance fee, are owned by

Backing is given by intense cooperation the public sector, mainly the local between the LVR and local actors in the municipalities. Some are in the ownership 7 Rhineland, such as the Biological Stations of a company (as some of the parks that and the “green” departments of local result from a former state gardens show) administration, in particular in the or of a foundation (such as Schloss Dyck

networks “Culture” and “Environment”. Foundation or Museum Island Hombroich) where the public sector often is a main The situation report by the LWL states the owner, shareholder or trustee. But not to LWL-Department for Heritage Preservation, forget, there also are a considerable Landscape and Building Culture working number of privately owned parks and intensively on the topic of gardens and gardens, often adjoining a castle or the parks since 1998. So far 600 gardens in house where the owner lives and/or runs the region have been recorded and a business. Many of these gardens are documented on websites and books. open to the public and very well maintained. On some sites a small Based on the depth of knowledge about entrance fee has to be paid, while others the history, the design and the condition only generate some income by organising of the gardens the LWL participated in events or by running a restaurant, a hotel, several working groups or initiated them, a nursery or others businesses on the

e.g. the “Garten_Landschaft_OWL” (see premises. below), arranging art exhibitions and

and under economic use, but in general Within these policies, restored and new open to the public. parks and gardens are also used to restructure and to enhance urban quarters, To increase the tourism effects of parks to establish new links between and gardens, the state government also municipalities or separated areas within a agreed to finance a project on sustainable city, to revitalise a whole region suffering garden tourism based on the EGHN from economic decline, to foster rural gardens in North Rhine-Westphalia from economies, to solve environmental its Ziel2.NRW programme, which is problems, to secure heritage assets and confinanced by the European Regional landscape qualities and much more. Development Funds. The project partners are Schloss Dyck Foundation, Rhineland Being implemented in North Rhine- Regional Council (LVR) and the Regional Westphalia over the last 25 years, each of Association of Westphalia-Lippe (LWL). the policies presented here is a good practice example in its own right. There are many other organisations and Following up each other and thus making 8 associations, and in particular many use of and enhancing the outcomes of initiatives and voluntary groups in NRW their predecessor(s) and/or running in supporting parks, gardens and landscapes. parallel and supporting each other they As it would certainly go beyond the scope can be considered as a quite unique best of this case study, only a few can be practice example, which includes: mentioned in this report, but you will certainly come across the others and . International Building Exhibition appreciate their work too when you will EmscherPark (IBA) visit or study the (history of) parks and . REGIONALE NRW . Emscher Landscape Park gardens here. . State Garden Shows . Federal Garden Shows While much of the above can be observed . European Garden Heritage Network in a way at other places too, there are EGHN some policies and measures in North . INTERREG IVC Hybrid Parks Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) that we and the It should also be mentioned that the nearly 920 000 partners in Europe too think of being hectares (about 2,3 million acres) of woods and forests in worthwhile to be shared as best practice North Rhine-Westphalia are intensively used for leisure examples within the Hybrid Parks. and holiday. Of those about 65% are privately owned

The after-war economic recovery and projects be realised as remedies for the Internationale subsequent growth (the so-called most urgent problems and as contributions Bauausstellung “Wirtschaftswunder”) in the 1950ies and and resources for future activities. 1960ies would not have been possible EmscherPark without the Ruhr area as the industrial Six main areas were identified as key for heart of Germany. It was only in the late this strategic approach of transforming and (IBA) 1970ies that the region was hit by a developing an old industrial region: dramatic economic crisis. For the German – . Emscher Landscape Park economy it was cheaper to buy coal and . Regeneration of the Emscher River International steel and other related products on the System global market. As a result many or most . Working in the Park / Recycling for Building Exhibition mining sites and iron and steel factories in Production the region were closed. This affected many . Industrial Monuments and Heritage Emscher Park Housing Construction and Urban other companies (suppliers, manufactures . Development etc.) too. Many jobs were lost and the (IBA) . Social Initiatives, Employment and unemployment rate caused many social Training 9 problems. In this context the work of the IBA was The sub-region along the Emscher River, also based on four main innovative ideas: in the north of the Ruhr, was affected most. On the planning side, unused . Crossing administrative borders and buildings, derelict land, a fast decline in linking sector policies the housing and retailing sector etc. asked . Understand all those "problematic" sites, buildings etc. as characteristic for an innovative problem solving strategy. assets and values of the region which can be secured, improved and reused Such a strategy was officially started in to support a new identity and image 1989 with the “International Building and to attract new investors, Exhibition Emscher Park” or “IBA”. The IBA inhabitants and visitors was an ingenious attempt to change a . Ensure high quality planning and characteristic region that was shaped and architecture and an ecological benefit wounded by industrial development and to . And finally - and as many experts say open a new future for this region. From the most important - to break down the barriers that did exist between ecology very beginning, the IBA was so ambitious and aesthetics with the result of a to say that within ten years only, a change in paradigm. strategy will be developed and anchor

projects, but also a network of inter-local Landschaftspark -Nord, IBA cooperation grounded on people’s trust, Emscher Park, 1992: nourished by clever moderation and informal management and benefitting from The former Meidericher Hochofenwerk, a qualities in different fields. disused blast furnace works, 5 kilometres north of downtown Duisburg, is the centre This new policy approach was essential of the Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park. The for one of the key elements of the IBA, the park covers an area of approximately 200 Emscher Landscape Park. In 1999, at the hectares. “end” of the IBA this regional landscape park stretched out over more than 300 square kilometres and thus also included numerous municipalities within an area of about 70 by 30 kilometres along the Emscher. A new landscape park of that In other words (based on a presentation of Michael size needed to be built on existing assets, 10 Schwarze-Rodrian (RVR) on a Hybrid Parks workshop), such as parks, gardens and landscape the IBA’s reaction on the challenge to find integrated and elements, but also required creating new sustainable solutions for the industrial urban landscape approaches and attractions and joint (much more than „cleaning brownfields“) was the vision agreements about priorities and finance. to understand and to use the structural change in Based on the traditions of landscape parks, economy and society as a unique resource for sustainable but influenced by the size of the park, urban development by methods that use a strict contemporary design and actual needs, combination of strategy and projects (without hierarchy the new park also includes landmarks, and at the same time). sundials, works of art, viewpoints, bridges During the ten years of the IBA, more than 100 single etc. Many of the new parks and features projects in 17 cities were implemented; including new created within the Emscher Landscape business districts, technology centres, physically and Parks since the 1990s are characterised by socially improved housing areas, try-outs with renewable emphasising the remains of the industrial energies, environmentally enhanced landscapes, past and of the natural aesthetics of renaturation of the Emscher River, cultural events and unused industrial land. The most Over the last forty years the step-by-step festivals. Each single project was unique, but as a whole prominent and best known example can end of crude iron and steel production and be found in the north of the city of they created new networks. Not only a network of the closure of collieries, coking works, Duisburg.

foundries and other similar plants has at different heights structures the park into created an extremely diverse terrain with separate sections and offers sweeping different topographies, soil substrates, and views into the surroundings. vegetation that has been able to spread spontaneously. Some wooded areas are The ”Vegetationskonzept” is based on the still jungle-like and one could imagine the diverse natural vegetation which spread remains of a “sunken city” beneath them. spontaneously throughout the area. An unusual variety of plants became The area lies in what were the original established due to the different locations, plains of the Alte Emscher River. In 1906 varying conditions and the import of iron the conversion of the meandering Emscher and other materials. River into an open canal system to collect all regional sewage water in the Ruhr Visitors can find the ”Gärten im Park“ region (with the Ruhr River providing fresh (gardens within the park) at selected water) was started. This process is under locations. The singularity of each location reversion since many years now with is brought to the fore and presented in 11 investments of some billion Euros. themed gardens. For example, the sinter bunker gardens were created within The structures left behind by the industrial chambers with concrete walls formerly past were unearthed by Peter Latz and his used to store minerals and to treat them team. The structural concept of the park is with higher temperatures. The variety of based on the idea of several “layers” material from all over the world is connected at various points. From 1992 – reflected in the various garden designs. 2003, the park was divided into various areas and developed in separate stages. The park’s spectacular appearance at night The blast furnaces are the former “hot is the result of Jonathan Park’s light heart” of the park and formed the widely installation in the bright colours also used visible centre of iron and steel production. for the IBA (see logo below).

The “Wasserpark” consists of the Alte Duisburg Nord’s unique approach to Emscher river system and a new water dealing with the heritage and remnants of collection network. All the roofs and other its industrial past has earned it local and sealed surfaces in the park are used for international recognition. The park is a water collection in open channels and old very special place for all the senses and pipes. A network of railway embankments appeals to many different target groups.

Today, the parks and gardens in the IBA zone (and the larger Ruhr area) are more than just important open spaces for the population of the region. They are also of major relevance for the identity and image and for regional development strategies which do not deny periods of prosperity and crisis, but actively use all these as unique assets. With their high aesthetic quality they are a sign of a dynamic and forward-looking mood and a request for others, including private investors, to follow this example and to implement high quality of architecture, design, and open spaces and thus quality of jobs and services.

This approach and this cooperative network have been and are essential also for many follow-up projects such as the REGIONALE NRW (see below) and the enlargement 12 and further enhancement of the Emscher Landscape Park (see below). Then, the entire approach and story contributed to the success of the RUHR.2010 European Capital of Culture – but that is another issue.

In the context of this policy, local Between 2000 and 2010 there has been a REGIONALE stakeholders are asked to gather as sub- REGIONALE every two years, and the in NRW regions and to work out ideas on how to seventh and eights REGIONALE are use regional characteristics, in particular scheduled for 2013 and 2016. cultural and natural resources, for raising the regional attractiveness, quality of life For each REGIONALE a managing body and economic outlooks as well. (REGIONALE Agency) is set up and assisted by external experts. This is acting Common history, resources and the wish according to strategic decisions taken by a to cooperate rather than administrative steering group formed by regional

boundaries should be used to define joint politicians and other stakeholders and resources, objectives and measures. With controlled by a group of shareholders and their innovative concepts, these new funding bodies (i.e. the cities, entities then had to apply - in form of a municipalities and the state). competition - for support by the state.

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At all, the IBA was so successful that other regions in North Rhine-Westphalia asked for comparable policies in their regions to make a better use of their resources and to solve their – even much smaller – problems. A new

development policy, called REGIONALE, was installed by

the state government. The term is a combination of: “Region + Biennial / Triennial = Regionale”

Each REGIONALE develops specific objectives, activities The entire package was very successful (investments and events) and the specific theme for the and continued by the regional initiative implementation and in particular for the presentation “Garten_Landschaft_OWL” (Garden year. Landscape OWL) after the year 2000. In total 14 parks and gardens could While the year of the presentation (as indicated in the successfully be refurbished and restored,. name) will be key, with many new or improved sites and Here the Landschaftsverband Westfalen- attractions to be (re)opened and events to be held, some Lippe (LWL) acted as an advisor, not only results are to be seen and used by the public even by sharing the knowledge about the earlier. Some building works will also be continued after history, the design and the condition of a first phase achieved in the presentation year. the gardens, but also by supporting financial concepts and by applications Already the first REGIONALE in the year 2000 had a helping the (often private) owners to apply strong focus on parks and gardens. It was held in the for (public) grants and state funding, both eastern part of the state, in East Westphalia-Lippe. Here for the total investments of about four the landscape is more rural and hilly, formed by a long million Euros and for the continued tradition of smaller noble houses and strong citizenships, 14 preservation and maintenance of gardens which includes the members of many family owned and parks. major companies (such as Miele, Oetker, Bertelsmann). While the literature festival is successfully Within this REGIONALE 2000 a policy called “Little continued until today, the arts project is Paradises” was started with four major elements: looking for a new curator, funding and

. the enhancement or restoration of parks and gardens sponsors. as “New, old gardens”, such as the Convent Gardens

around the Westphalian Monastery Museum at The second REGIONALE, held in Dalheim, based on archaeological research and 2002/2003, the so-called EUROGA

remains 2002plus, with its presentation period of . an ambitious literature festival “Wege durch das Land 18 months included more than 120 major - Pathways through the countryside” with specific projects or measures, 1200 events and 60 productions for parks, gardens and other sites exhibitions. The planning area in the . an arts project “Rauminszenierungen” with site- specific art installations and environments in various Rhineland involved more than 50 cities

gardens by artists such as Holzer, Kabakov, Condo or and municipalities with a total of 2.7 Eliasson million inhabitants and crossed the border

. joint promotional activities. to the .

One key issue for this REGIONALE in Schloss Dyck, REGIONALE 2002: 2002/03 was the rediscovery of landscape gardening in the Rhineland, merging The most recent chapter in the long ecology and aesthetics (thus responding to history of Schloss Dyck began in 2002, the successful theme of the IBA). A huge when the grounds were reopened to host investment was made to improve 20 park the central show grounds of the monuments. Also within this context, the decentralised state garden show as a key State Garden Show (see below) followed a element within the REGIONALE 2002. decentralised approach. Across the region, Some years earlier, and after more than seven heritage gardens were enhanced, over 900 years of ownership by the new features and facilities added. Princes and Counts of Salm-Reifferscheidt- This time the State Garden Show attracted Dyck, the Schloss Dyck Foundation was more than 2.000.000 visitors to the parks established in 1999. While the Countess and gardens and another 350.000 visitors Metternich contributed the castle grounds to the Illumina (a light and sound event at as well as the English landscape garden, 15 various parks and sites). Until today, there other capital and support was given by the is an Illumina each year at Schloss Dyck, Rhineland Regional Council, the Rhine which was the key site of this County Neuss, the municipality of Jüchen, decentralised festival. Neuss savings bank and the Government of North Rhine-Westphalia. The county With support given by this REGIONALE, the and the state also mainly covered the costs „Straße der Gartenkunst zwischen Rhein for the restoration of the large moated und Maas“ (Street of Garden Art between castle grounds and for the extension of the the Rivers Rhine and Maas) was significant landscape park with new established. Crossing the borders to the gardens. Netherlands, this association now brings together 35 members with 55 high quality In addition, funding for exhibitions, single and mostly historic parks and gardens. restorations and other projects, such as the Their main objectives are the preservation European Garden Heritage Network or

of this garden heritage and its stronger Hybrid Parks is supplied by the European Union, the German Federal Government, promotion and tourism use. the "Deutsche Stifung für Denkmalschutz" (German Foundation for Monument Conservation ), " Kunststiftung NRW " (Art

Foundation NRW), the Foundation Culture Nikolaus and the castle. Within the sea of Conservation and Culture Promotion of the China Reeds more than 20 contemporary Sparkasse Neuss as well as the regional gardens await discovery. authorities for the Rhineland (LVR) and Westphalia-Lippe (LWL). Furthermore, As one of the most recent supplements, an

money from the industry has helped espalier fruit garden has been opened in maintaining the grounds and individual 2012 in cooperation with the Rhineland gardens, and contributed towards cultural Regional Council (LVR). This garden uses a programmes and the creation of a contemporary design and materials to scientific institute. display old and regional fruit varieties. As one link in a chain of fruit gardens by the Today the park appears as it did when laid LVR, this garden, inspired by the EGHN out by Thomas Blaikie in the early 19th partner garden Gaasbeek in Belgium, century. Behind the themed gardens in the raises the public awareness for (old) fruit entrance area, avenues and shady paths trees and espaliers in private gardens. through woods lead to the castle and the 16 various historical areas of the park. Well established events add to the appeal of Schloss Dyck and attract about 200.000 The large meadows and gentle hills visitors per year. Events include garden provide an ideal location for the more than markets and the Christmas market, Classic 200-year-old groups of trees and solitary Days (as the largest event for vintage cars trees. Wonderful displays are produced by in Germany) and the Illumina. As a Centre the sweeping meadows in April and by for Garden Art and Landscape Design, the azaleas and rhododendrons in May. On Schloss Dyck Foundation is also active in the orangery peninsula numerous small education and research, e.g. in leading compartments with flowerbeds and shrub European projects such as the European gardens form clear lines. Garden Heritage Network EGHN and Hybrid Parks (see below). The new design of the former agricultural site Dycker Field was created on the occasion of the State Garden Show 2002. Designed by Stephan Lenzen, lawn areas cross a field of China Reeds and with the adjacent old Chestnut Grove highlight the connection between the Convent St.

Within the REGIONALE 2004 along the As the previous map (by courtesy of ILS) river Ems, gardens were surveyed and shows, most of regions in North Rhine- guides published. The very old landscape Westphalia have now been covered by Bagno was refurbished and in the historic either a REGIONALE or the IBA (as its deer park in Raesfeld a visitor centre now predecessor). informs about the park’s history. Thus a new question arises: Will this Analysing the REGIONALE as an innovative innovative and successful policy with so policy tool, accompanying research by the many positive and sustainable effects then ILS – Research Institute for Regional and be finished or will new challenges and Urban Development identified seven new opportunities ask for a continuation? thematic areas and a number of projects within the REGIONALE as a policy Municipalities, cities and regions seem to programme that can be considered as be prepared to go on, but a decision has to particularly pioneering and influential: be taken by the state government first and will – among others – be based on the 17 . „Innovative Urban Development” availability of budgets, including match (including built heritage and garden funding to be made available by the art), European Union within programmes such . “Landscape as a Tourism Resource” as ERDF, INTERREG (or its successors) etc. (including enhanced parks and the Garten_Landschaft_OstWestfalenLippe),

. “Treasures of Architecture” (including Schloss Benrath and Schloss Dyck),

. “Impetus for a Site” (including the Illumina at Schloss Dyck), . “On the way to Europe” (including the cycling network within the EUROGA), . “Culture, Education and Offspring” (including Hombroich Missile Station),

and . “Environment, Energy and Mobility”.

In 2012 the state NRW has given a total of

45 Mio. Euro for 36 projects started or on- going in the context of a REGIONALE.

The Masterplan Emscher Landscape Park The Emscher Landscape Park combines Emscher Landschaftspark confirmed existing sites and identified industrial heritage and landscape art with – growth areas and priorities for additional cultural landscapes and natural elements. green links, parkways, urban projects, The park consists of: Emscher Landscape Park water projects and new landmarks and was and will be the platform for the . gardens and parks – often including industrial remains development of the regional park system. . paths for walkers and cyclists – often on former railway tracks or But already now, the Emscher Landscape along canals,

Park is the green heart of the Ruhr . bridges – often art objects rather Metropolis. It covers about 450 square than only connections kilometres and includes about 200 projects . tips as viewpoints – often with that have been started since the IBA in landmarks by famous artists 1989. Meanwhile the Ruhr Regional . canals and rivers – often forming Association (RVR) has taken over the islands that have not been accessible for years maintenance and development of the . art installations and events – often 18 Emscher Landscape Park. using the industrial remains or unknown land

The IBA (International Building Exhibition) and its

projects still have their urban, economic, social and aesthetic effects and helped to emerge follow-up activities and new visions.

One follow-up is the enlargement of the Emscher Landscape Park. After the end of the IBA, key elements of an analysis, of future needs and many visions have been

put together in the Masterplan Emscherlandschaftspark 2010.

The park and its projects already have and the ecosystem. The total investment is will further significantly and sustainably estimated to match 4.5 billion Euros and improve regional structures and implementation will take decades. But connections, environmental conditions, the those investments are also securing many image of the region and the quality of life jobs in the region and provide a highly and the pride of the people living in the visible symbol of positive change and area. sustainability.

Curing the wounded nature and Also many anchor points or sites of the 25 topography as a core constituent of the IBA thematic routes of industrial heritage criss- and the Emscher Landscape Park could not crossing the Ruhr are located in and/or be sincere without healing the River have a thematic relevance for the Emscher Emscher. The Emscher was turned into a Landscape Park. One of those routes is the sewage water system serving the rapidly “Route of Industrial Nature” with its 19 growing industry and population. Mining locations. Here visitors can explore how and collapsing ground did not allow flora and fauna have adapted to a twofold 19 building an underground waste water change. When the industrialisation started, system in the 19th and early 20th century. many plants and animals arrived with the imported raw materials and found new With the re-naturalization or conversion of habitats on the industrial sites, with their the Emscher started in the 1990ies by the often very hot, wet or dry conditions. Emschergenossenschaft - which was When the industry was gone, the derelict established in 1899 to manage the sites and remaining buildings gave home regional waste water system - the New to other species. Visitors are invited to Emscher Valley as the core of the Emscher enjoy the interactive exhibition about the Landscape Park is evolving. Today more Emscher Landscape Park at Haus Ripshorst than 50% of the new underground sewers in Oberhausen. along an 80-kilometre stretch in the middle of Europe’s biggest conurbation 1990: Haus Ripshorst have been completed. Much of the river

has been re-profiled and retaining areas A of the pre-industrial landscape has managed to survive for more than a have been added to allow a better flooding management. Native trees, shrubs century between collieries, blast furnaces, and plants have been introduced along the rolling mills and the arterial roads of heavy banks to further improve water quality and industry. This small idyllic area, which

surrounds Haus Ripshorst and covers approximately 40 trees from the pre-ice age to the industrial Adjoining in the south is “Ruderalpark hectares, was used for farming in the midst of the highly age. An expedition from “tertiary” to Frintrop”, one of 16 locations on the Route industrialised core of the Ruhr area. In 1990, the Ruhr “reforestation” after the ice-age to of Industrial Nature. Regional Council (RVR) purchased the grounds. Here, as “cultured trees and shrubs” presents one of the first projects of the IBA an information centre visitors with exotic beauties. Visitors can The term “industrial nature” is used to for the Emscher Landscape Park was installed in the also admire the decorative fruits of various denote plants, insects and animals which former farm buildings of Haus Ripshorst. trees including ornamental apple trees. have established themselves on former industrialised areas. The designs drawn up by landscape architects Davids, Terfrüchte and Partners develop the area carefully merging elements of landscape architecture with former railway tracks and the dynamics of nature (succession).

A bold bridge spans the Rhine-Herne Ship Canal with a steel tube arch, connecting 20 the Gehölzgarten Ripshorst with the regional Emscherpark bicycle routes.

Here a multimedia exhibition presents 15 important park sites and much more. Around 100 events dealing with nature and environment are on the programme annually. The parks and gardens in the Ruhr have On the site, in the “Gehölzgarten Ripshorst”, visitors are been a key element in the successful taken on a journey through time over 60 million years of application for Europe’s Capital of Culture natural history and can discover 6,000 trees and shrubs. 2010 and have attracted and fascinated The site was designed by the landscape architects Irene many visitors. Lohhaus und Martin Diekmann. Their aim was not to create a stylishly designed park but primarily to preserve Some of the attractions within the Emscher the character of the pre-industrial cultural landscape. Landscape Park have been made possible by the system of State Garden Shows and A sixty-meter wide and nearly two kilometres long Federal Garden Shows which will be stretch of trees and shrubs illustrates the development of further described below.

improve the urban environment, to link The selected city or town will be the sole Landesgartenschauen urban quarters, to create new leisure bearer of the show, but be joint organizer – facilities, to connect a city to its river or to with the Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft revitalise derelict sites. Gartenbau und Landespflege Nordrhein- State Garden Shows Westfalen (LAGL NW), an association of Each show also acts as a showcase for the landscape architects, “gardeners” of all green industry and their services (such as kinds, both professionals and amateurs nurseries, construction companies, and florists. landscape architects) and presents trends Since 1984, the state North Rhine-Westphalia and the in landscape development and garden The LAGL assists all cities during the green industry jointly support State Garden Shows. In design. Environmental issues are application, the detailed preparation and total 15 shows have been organised in the 26 years presented in attractive and entertaining implementation phase. The organizers set between the first show (1984 in Hamm, see below) and show gardens and exhibitions. up a company for the construction and the most recent show (2010 in Hemer). The next shows operating process. are scheduled for 2014 in Zülpich and 2017 in Bad At the same time, the early and active Lippspringe. For Zülpich for instance, the ministry for inclusion of the citizens is a factor of There is no doubt that these enhanced or 21 urban development has agreed a funding of 5,14 million increasing importance. It is not only that new parks and landscapes not only added Euro from the state’s programme to support heritage plans are presented and discussed. to the quality of space, the quality of life protection within an urban development context. More Citizens are given opportunities to and to the attractiveness as locations for funding is given by the ministry for the environment. contribute, e.g. by designing community businesses, but also created attractive gardens, by presenting local initiatives or destinations for leisure and tourism. Similar to many other garden shows (in Germany and by acting as guides. There are many elsewhere) there are, in particular in the year of the indications and proofs that successful Parks and gardens have been in the focus presentation (normally from April until October), gardens shows have increased local of the German presentation in 2008 on the abundant flower beds, various show gardens inspiring identification and pride. major International Tourism Fair in Berlin. the private gardeners, presentations by groups and Tourism agencies and tour operators are organisations (such as environmentalists, bird lovers, Municipalities have to apply for support promoting parks and gardens (including beekeepers, schools), indoor flower shows, markets, given to a State Garden Show according to the sites of federal or state garden shows) concerts and many other events. agreed requirements, forms and deadlines. in a wider cultural context. A jury with representatives from the But for this type of shows the main infrastructure always funding bodies, the green industry, The three examples below may further had to be sustainable and a certain level of variety and professional associations and illustrate the ideas behind, the activities quality of the green to be maintained in the years to organisations, decides based on the and the success of State Garden Shows in come. What is more, these investments in new, enlarged submitted plans and documents and on North Rhine-Westphalia. or enhanced parks and gardens are often made to on-site visits.

The mining history of the terrain also found its way into the park's new design. Fragmentary ruins of the former mine were integrated into the landscape and given a new architectural twist, in particular with the huge elephant created from the former coal washing plant.

A scented garden with scented rambling roses awaits the visitor at the main entrance. In the vegetable and herb garden a central raised herb bed is surrounded by vegetable patches with old and new types of vegetable and berry bushes. 1984: Maximilianpark, Hamm: 22 The apothecary garden informs about medicinal plants. Plants for natural dyeing Ecological issues and planning objectives were weighed grow in the neighbouring garden. The up carefully against each other during the transformation fuchsia garden can be found at the edge of of the former colliery grounds for the first State Garden the wood and the roses and perennials Show in North Rhine-Westphalia in 1984. unfold their profusion of blossoms on the Here the revitalisation process which had already started south slope opposite the butterfly house. by nature on the derelict colliery grounds was respected. The park has been further enhanced since Most of the themes in the landscaped areas of the garden July 2011 by two plantings of perennials thus found their counterpoints in the already existing and grasses by garden architect Piet situation: the display areas of roses, perennials, grasses Oudolf. Curving paths thread their way and shrubs form a contrast to the wild areas. through Piet Oudolf's compositions of This contrast is likewise evident in the landscaping of the plants, which continue today to invite

terrain. The Lake Maximilian for instance, created as a visitors on floral excursions through a sea natural pond with small biotopes, contrasts an area of of impressive perennial and grass water with plenty of opportunities for leisure activities. formations.

2005: Neulandpark, Leverkusen: from its concrete bed as part of the State Garden Show. Leverkusen’s Neuland-Park is a contemporary green space which, after a The futuristic “Neulandbrücke” connects long interruption, now links the city centre the Neuland-Park with the Rhine with the river panorama of the Rhine promenade - likewise newly designed and again. attracting many citizens and visitors who enjoy the new views on the River Rhine Leverkusen was confronted with a with many ships passing by. particular challenge when designing the park. It should be located on a 550,000 Using the unique opportunities of a State cubic metres landfill which had been in Garden Show, the city of Leverkusen not use right up to the 1960s. only managed to transform an old dump into a flowering landscape without Following the demolition of a residential forgetting the past, but also succeeded in development which had been built on the impressing experts in terms of both urban

land after the dump was closed, an development and environmental policy. 23 elaborate process was carried out to make

the polluted area safe. The citizens of Leverkusen were involved

in the project at an early stage as the aim

The park on the terrain of the State was to design the park in such a way that

Garden Show 2005 is situated between they could “make peace with the area”. the contrasting scenes formed by the The “Bürgerallee” (Citizens’ Avenue) with backdrop of the neighbouring Bayer 120 donated ash trees and sweet gum chemical factory to the south and an trees is a living sign of this commitment. almost rural river landscape to the north. It is now a further green area of retreat for the town.

The artificiality of the park landscape was emphasised by using strictly architectonic elements, contrasting these with the classical Rheinpark and its large areas of grass. The park architecture forms a strong contrast to the renaturalised landscape of the Dhünn, a small river which was freed

2008: Gartenschaupark Rietberg: and a lake with a beach. The park restaurant can be reached by crossing a The Garden Show Park is a 3.5 kilometre bridge. A path runs around the reed- stretch of land in the south of Rietberg. It grown lower lake, which also provides starts at the Chapel of St. John, passes flood protection in the case of extreme through a nature reserve before reaching rainfall. the historical town centre and continuing along another nature reserve to the town The New Park in Neuenkirchen is district of Neuenkirchen. The undisturbed surrounded by a strip of trees and shrubs areas of vegetation along the Ems River which mostly consists of native trees with have created new links for cycling and some exotic plants added on the site. The walking. For the State Garden Show in park communicates with the Rietberg Rietberg a funding of 4,43 million Euro has cultural landscape through "landscape been given from the programme to support windows". A loop path winds its way historic centres. through the park, connecting the two spreading herbaceous borders in the north 24 The concept was based on two principles: and the south. Embedding the show into the landscape shaped by the Ems River, its tributaries In 2011, the “Klimapark” (climate park) and the nature reserves and linking the was opened on a refurbished site of the town centre of Rietberg with its mediaeval park. Here visitors can experience different structures and half-timbered houses. The forms of renewable energies and how they historical town centre is surrounded by a can be used for cars or houses and can network of moats, which were reinstated visit a house that follows the daily path of and made accessible for the State Garden the sun. Show, forming a continuous body of flowing water along the historical route of the embankments. This has also improved flood protection.

Adjoining the town centre, the main area of the Gartenschaupark is designed for

families: it has flowerbeds which are

regularly replanted, play areas, an area of grass for relaxation, a high ropes course

Since 1951, with the first BUGA taking 1951–1965: After war refurbishment - Bundesgartenschauen place in Hannover, 31 BUGAs and IGAs Parks closing the gaps in ruined cities – have attracted a total of 140 million visitors. The last show was in Koblenz and 1967–1993: Renovation of the green and Federal Garden Shows the next ones are scheduled for Hamburg creation of new parks – Parks offering 2013, the Havel region in 2015 and for relaxation and attractions Berlin in 2017. North Rhine-Westphalia 1995–2007: Urban development in the hosted nine of those 31 shows. new federal states – Military sites and The early shows have been an excellent derelict industrial areas turned into parks tool to revamp existing parks. While this 2009–2019: Public realm and ecological was very much appreciated by the objectives – Parks unlocking dense inner municipalities and visitors alike, there was city areas. some upcoming criticism then about too much flower shows and about a festival To host a Federal Garden Show, character not leaving sufficient positive municipalities have to apply by delivering 25 effects for the site on the long view, in a first draft idea and concept for the show. particular when a Bundesgartenschau was After discussion with the DBG - Deutsche hosted in the same city or even same Bundesgartenschau GmbH (the agency place twíce or three times (as with the managing and supporting the Federal Westfalenpark in Dortmund on the photo). Garden Shows as such) a feasibility study has to be delivered. But some very successful shows, with lasting positive effects for the park and the A jury by the DBG will then visit all hosting city then helped to silence the applying municipalities, see the sites and critics. Many shows have contributed a lot give recommendations to improve the to urban regeneration and development concepts and plans made. After a second policies, e.g. the two most recent ones in presentation by the applicants, taking in Schwerin and Koblenz. account the given recommendations, a decision will be made and contracts be On its website, the managing body, the Federal Garden Shows (BUGA) and International Garden signed then. From that point it normally Bundesgartenschaugesellschaft, lists these Exhibitions (IGA) are often regarded as the Olympic takes eight to ten years until the show can four decades of development of public Games for gardeners and the green industry. But every start. two years everybody, and not only the youth of the green and in particular of the main world, is invited to a new location “to come and see”. objectives of the Federal Garden Shows:

1997: Nordsternpark Gelsenkirchen, architecture” is technological. It is a sign of Federal Garden Show (BUGA): what has been “artificially created”. Due consideration is given to the urgent need Nordsternpark, which evolved from the for ecological renewal through the Federal Garden Show in Gelsenkirchen in development of a sufficient number of 1997, presents post-industrial garden areas where flora and fauna can design in the spirit of the International regenerate. Building Exhibition Emscher Park (IBA) in a landscape park on the disused terrain of a The reclaimed land and its attractions such former colliery and on old industrial land. as “Kinderland” and the "Amphitheatre" is an important area for local recreation for The history of the area – the history of the adjoining town districts. There are also Nordstern colliery – and the widespread economic benefits as the former mining excessive shaping of the industrial structures are now reconverted into landscape remain present as no attempt is attractive and unique offices, among made to create aesthetic harmony or a others for one of Germany’s biggest 26 smooth transition where the legacy of the housing companies. past meets new elements.

Former winding towers and colliery buildings are important landmarks which form identification points in the landscape. A “slag-heap passage” and a “slag-heap pyramid” create new views and provide focuses. New impressive bridges form outstanding elements of the new infrastructure and connect the town districts across the canal and the Emscher River.

The landscape park uses oppositeness to highlight elements. Barriers are broken in order to create links. The park structures satisfy due to their formal transparency and simplicity. The new “earth

The rationale to start this initiative in European Garden North Rhine-Westphalia was manifold: as Heritage Network EGHN outlined above, many spatial and economic policies have made use of parks and gardens and there was a great interest to share the experiences made, to learn more about best practice in other regions across Europe and to discuss common challenges and future policies.

Additionally, the European cooperation was identified as an excellent tool to promote the garden resource, to raise public awareness and to attract more (local to international) visitors.

27 Since its accreditation as an INTERREG IIIB NWE project in 2003, the EGHN has strengthened the profile of gardens and has underlined their sizeable importance for politics, society, urban design, tourism The idea for the European Garden Heritage Network and regional economic development. Since 2003, contacts and partnerships (EGHN) started in North Rhine-Westphalia since the year have been formed on both the professional 2001 at the Institute for Spatial Planning of the University Resources and knowledge have been and political level, and new collaborative Dortmund and was then further developed regionally exchanged and programmes and projects have been initiated. This resulted with the ministries supporting European policies, regional guidelines have been developed which in the EGHN becoming established and and urban development, urban regeneration and green will ensure that Europe's wealth of continuing to grow as the European development, the Schloss Dyck Foundation as the Centre gardens will be secured and enhanced by Garden Heritage Network, even when EU for Garden Art and Landscape Design, the two regional way of regional garden routes and funding period has expired. associations caring for landscapes, culture and built European themed routes, innovative The EGHN Masterplan which was adopted heritage (LVR and LWL) and other organisations as well planning strategies, the networking of in 2009 sets out future prospects and has as internationally with European partners supporting the cultural landscapes, improved accessibility proven itself to be an effective action- idea of applying for funding by the European INTERREG and new information and education oriented guideline for new concepts and IIIB NWE programme. programmes and activities. projects. On the regional level, the EGHN

routes helped their regional coordinators (i.e. working at 2010 – the European Garden Award to the LVR, LWL or RVR) installing new local working raise the esteem for the development of groups with people in charge for the gardens and to work historic gardens, for contemporary gardens on new projects and activities. Jointly they also strive to and for the work of individuals and raise the awareness and support by politics, NGOs and organisations in documenting, preserving the business sector. and promoting parks and gardens.

The twelve regional garden routes and five European As a whole, EGHN has - according to themed routes currently consist of approximately 150 Evamaria Küppers-Ullrich, Ministry for gardens in Germany, Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Building, Housing, Urban Development and Netherlands, Sweden, Italy, Ireland and Denmark with Transport in her presentation during the gardens from Austria and Malta to be joining soon. Along Hybrid Parks Workshop in October 2012 - with 120 cultural landscapes, they are presented on provided up-to-date information that www.eghn.eu and in publications to people interested in underlines the potential of gardens for garden design landscape and culture, They are invited for innovative and sustainable regional visits and to spend longer periods of time in the regions. development: not just contributing to a 28 region’s soft infrastructure, but as a part of Looking towards the future, EGHN is working on new the cultural landscape and as an economic concepts in relation to sustainable tourism, climate generator. change as a challenge and an opportunity, stronger regional networks, and collaboration with the business Especially in the Ruhrgebiet, the sector. To accomplish these objectives, EGHN with its development and reconstruction of parks partners and other bodies has successfully applied for and gardens is one way of rehabilitation funding to organise projects in this regard, notably and revitalisation of post-industrial areas HYBRID PARKS in the European programme INTERREG on their way on a structural IVC (below) and the tourism project “GartenKulturReisen” transformation. or “Gardens, Parks and Culture – Germany’s Finest” (Objective 2 Programme of the State of North Rhine- The cultural development and touristic Westphalia, co-financed by ERDF) which is based on the promotion as done by the garden owners, four regional garden routes in the state with their 52 municipalities, organisations, tourism EGHN gardens and agreed quality standards. agencies, EGHN and many others also raises the quality of life in the cities and By own means and by sponsoring, EGHN has started makes a substantial contribution to

lecture series, workshops and conferences as well as – in increased family friendliness.

They all acknowledge the need to achieve synergies and to enhance performance Hybrid Parks additional economic, social and and benefits; and by promoting guidance INTERREG IVC environmental benefits to diminish the on how to relate the above with local and risks of decline or loss caused by regional mitigation policies. conflicting demands, budget reductions etc. They also understand climate change Such policies ensure that in each park as a growing threat which will affect park different functions work "hand in hand". features and plants directly, attract more The term “Hybrid” is often used in plant

visitors using parks as comfort places and and animal breeding, where hybrids are commonly produced and selected because await the contribution of parks to risk prevention and mitigation strategies. they have desirable characteristics not found in the parent individuals. Today It is the project’s key objective that parks “Hybrid” is common to cars as well, when can fully be used for sustainable local and different engines and sources of energy regional development and for policies to are combined to reduce fuel consumption mitigate climate change by enhancing and environmental impacts. their abilities to better serve economic, 29 social and environmental purposes; by Analogously, the idea of “Hybrid Parks” came into being. Parks, both historic and modern, are intensively combining the improved capacities to create managed, high quality environments. They add to the

attractiveness and success of cities and regions and to the quality of life for citizens and visitors. New activities can combine their abilities, create synergies and enhance the performance of parks for sustainable development policies. These are the key beliefs and motivations

behind the application for the INTERREG IVC project Hybrid Parks, which was finally approved in March 2012.

The partnership includes many of those cities and regions

energetically enhancing and using parks in a wider policy context such as economic development, rural diversification, urban renewal, protection of environment,

landscape and cultural heritage. There are some “newcomers” having started similar policies recently.

Individual and interrelated activities cover In North Rhine-Westphalia, the State the 3 pillars of sustainability, based on Chancellery, as one partner in the project, experiences and resources of the promotes landscapes – including parks partnership and the objectives of “Hybrid and gardens – as a valuable asset for large

Parks”. Best practice studies include scale planning and for climate change “Economy: Tourism and urban mitigation strategies on the regional level. (re)development", “Social: Widening the The two regional councils, LVR and LWL, audience" and “Environment: Public will inform the municipalities in their awareness”. Policies using parks for domains and will use the outcomes of economic, environmental or social Hybrid Parks for own projects or projects development are investigated in two financed by them whenever feasible. workshops each. Cross-cutting or "hybrid" Schloss Dyck Foundation is likely to use workshops investigate how to combine the new skills and inspirations for future these approaches to increase the activities on its premises and for research contribution and synergies of parks to activities. The Ministry for Building, sustainable development policies and Housing, Urban Development and 30 mitigation of climate change. Study tours Transport is considering the activities and to the UK (focus: economy), Sweden outcomes of Hybrid Parks within their (social) and Lower Austria (environment) policy development for “Green Cities”. and conferences will support exchange and transfer. This will feed into improved Accordingly, and considering all the other skills and regional development plans, policies and activities by the state, regions, championed by regional support teams. municipalities, the business and the private sector, there is, in spite of reduced The final conference will present the public funding, a positive outlook that the project report, with best practice case best practice examples in North Rhine- studies and the “Hybrid Parks Model” for Westphalia, inspired by a broad and integrated management of parks within intense European exchange of experiences sustainable development and climate and cooperation, will be continued in the change policies. News about the project, future and that people in charge will be presentations given and reports written ready and able to deal with new within the context of the project and much challenges for the public green caused by more can be found on the project’s changing user demands, the environment website. (climate change) and other factors.

Photo Credits: Page 12: Page 22: l: Bochum: Westpark (Pohl+Gruessen) l: Hamm: Maximilianpark (Pohl+Gruessen) Front Page: r: Essen: Zeche Zollverein (Pohl+Gruessen) r: Hamm: Maxiilianpark (Maximilianpark Hamm) Duisburg: Garten der Erinnerung (Pohl+Gruessen) b: Logo of IBA Emscher Park Logo (www.maximilianpark.de)

Page 3: Page 13: Page 23: Düsseldorf: Park am Ständehaus (Pohl+Gruessen) NRW: Areas covered by a REGIONALE (ILS - Institut t: Leverkusen: Neulandpark (Pohl+Gruessen) für Landes- und Stadtentwicklungsforschung) b: Leverkusen: Neulandpark (Pohl+Gruessen) Page 4 r: Logo (www.neulandpark.de) l: Düsseldorf: Nordpark (Pohl+Gruessen) Page 14: m: Dortmund: Event on 80 km of the main motorway in the Ruhr region Lichtenau: Kloster Dalheim, Temporary art installation Page 24: during the European Capital of Culture 2010 (Pohl+Gruessen) (Pohl+Gruessen) t: Rietberg; Gartenschaupark (Pohl+Gruessen) r: Dortmund: Trees in a housing area (Pohl+Gruessen) b: Rietberg; Gartenschaupark (Pohl+Gruessen Page 15: r: Logo (www.rietberg.de) Page 5: Flyer: Route description Strasse der Gartenkunst l: Wassenberg: Urban regeneration (W. Rembierz) (www.strasse-der-gartenkunst.de) Page 25: r: Wassenberg: Urban regeneration (W. Rembierz) Dortmund: Westfalenpark (Pohl+Gruessen) Page 16: Page 6: t: Jüchen: Schloss Dyck (W. Rembierz) Page 26: t: Venlo (NL): Floriade 2012, NRW Pavilion (Pohl+Gruessen) b: Jüchen: Schloss Dyck (W. Rembierz) t: Gelsenkirchen, Nordsternpark (Pohl+Gruessen) b: Kamp-Lintfort: Kloster Kamp, new paths linking park and landscape r: Logo (www.stiftung-schloss-dyck.de) b: Gelsenkirchen, Nordsternpark (Pohl+Gruessen) 31 (Pohl+Gruessen) r: Website Header (www.nordsternpark.info) Page 17: Page 7: l.t: Neuss: Raketenstation, Museum Langen Page 27: t: Königswinter: Drachenburg, Renovated park and buildings, turned Foundation (Pohl+Gruessen) l: Lund (Sweden): Partnership event (Pohl+Gruessen) into a museum for nature protection (Pohl+Gruessen) l.b: Steinfurt: Bagno Park (Pohl+Gruessen r: Poster (EGHN) b: Nordkirchen: Schloss (Pohl+Gruessen) r.t.: Logo (www.regionale2013.de) r.b.: Logo (www.regionale2016.de) Page 28: Page 8: t: EGHN Pixel Painting (EGHN) t: Neuss: Museum Insel Hombroich, owned by a foundation Page 18: b: EGHN Plaque (EGHN) (Pohl+Gruessen) Ruhr: Map of Emscher Landschaftspark b: Bad Driburg: Gräflicher Park, privately owned (Pohl+Gruessen) (Regionalverband Ruhr RVR) Page 29: Hybrid Parks Flyer (INTERREG IVC Project Hybrid Page 9: Page 19: Parks) Cover of the Memorandum to start the IBA (IBA) Dortmund: Remodelled Emscher River at Phoenix-See (Pohl+Gruessen) Page 30: Page 10: t: Lund (Sweden): Hybrid Parks Workshop in old glass l: Herten: Look across the Emscher Valley (Pohl+Gruessen) Page 20: house in the city park (Pohl+Gruessen) r: Duisburg: Landscape Park Duisburg Nord (Pohl+Gruessen) l: Oberhausen: Haus Ripshorst and Gasometer b: Jüchen: Hybrid Parks Workshop in the gardens of (Pohl+Gruessen) Schloss Dyck (Pohl+Gruessen) Page 11: m: Oberhausen: Exhibition at Haus Ripshorst t: Duisburg: Landscape Park (Pohl+Gruessen) (Pohl+Gruessen) m: Website Header (www.landschaftspark.de) r: Logo (www.rvr-online.de) b: Duisburg: Landscape Park (Pohl+Gruessen)

Bibliography: Hybrid Parks: Project Flyer REGIONALE 2016: www.regionale2016.de

The compilation of this best practice case study was based on own Hybrid Parks: www.hybridparks.eu Regionalverband Ruhr (RVR): www.rvr-online.de research and experiences and on analysing a number of materials, in particular: ILS - Institut für Landes- und Rhineland Regional Council: Situation Report for Stadtentwicklungsforschung gGmbH: www.ils- Hybrid Parks Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft mbH (DBG): forschung.de www.bundesgartenschau.de Landschaftsverband Rheinland (LVR): www.lvr.de INTERREG IVC: www.interreg4c.net Deutsche Gartenamtsleiterkonferenz: www.galk.de Route der Industriekultur: www.route- Küppers-Ullrich, Evamaria: Parks and gardens in industriekultur.de/ Die REGIONALEN in Nordrhein-Westfalen: www.regionalen.nrw.de North Rhine-Westphalia - current challenges in urban development - Presentation on the Workshop Schloss Dyck Foundation: Situation Report for Hybrid Dortmund, Stadtgrün Dortmund: www.stadtgruen.dortmund.de “Economy 1” of Hybrid Parks Parks

Düsseldorf, Gartenamt: www.duesseldorf.de/stadtgruen/index.shtml Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft Gartenbau und Schwarze-Rodrian, Michael: Parks and Gardens in Landespflege Nordrhein-Westfalen: www.lagl- NRW. Regional policies: Emscher Landscape Park - EGHN: Case Study REGIONALE 2000-2010 nrw.de Presentation on the Workshop “Economy 1” of Hybrid Parks EGHN: Presentations of Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord: Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord www.landschaftspark.de Staatskanzlei des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen: 32 Schloss Dyck, Jüchen www.nrw.de/landesregierung/staatskanzlei/ Haus Ripshorst, Oberhausen Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL): Maximilianpark Hamm www.lwl.org State Chancellery NRW: Situation Report for Hybrid Neuland-Park Leverkusen Parks Gartenschaupark Rietberg Maximilianpark Hamm: www.maximilianpark.de Nordsternpark Gelsenkirchen Stiftung Schloss Dyck: www.stiftung-schloss-dyck.de on www.eghn.eu Ministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Landwirtschaft, Natur- und Verbraucherschutz des Landes Nordrhein- Strasse der Gartenkunst zwischen Rhein und Maas: Emschergenossenschaft / Lippeverband: www.eglv.de Westfalen: www.umwelt.nrw.de www.strasse-der-gartenkunst.de/

Emscher Landschaftspark and Haus Ripshorst: Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Energie, Bauen, Wohnen URGE-Project: www.urge-project.ufz.de http://www.metropoleruhr.de/freizeit-sport/emscher- und Verkehr des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen: landschaftspark.html www.mwebwv.nrw.de Wege durch das Land: www.wege-durch-das- land.de European Garden Award: www.europeangardenaward.eu Neuland-Park Leverkusen: www.neuland-park.de

European Garden Heritage Network: www.eghn.eu Nordsternpark Gelsenkirchen: www.nordsternpark.info Garten_Landschaft OstWestfalenLippe: www.ostwestfalen- lippe.de/OWL/Kultur/Garten_Landschaft-OstWestfalenLippe.html Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe: Situation Report for Hybrid Parks Gartenschaupark Rietberg: www.rietberg.de REGIONALE 2013: www.suedwestfalen.com