VOLUME VII, ISSUE 34 u NOVEMBER 13, 2009 IN THIS ISSUE: BRIEFS...................................................................................................................................1 TURKISH NAvy’S FIGHT AGAINST PIRACY IN THE GULF OF ADEN SERVES FOREIGN POLICY GOALS By Emrullah Uslu...................................................................................................................3 NEO-ZARQAWISTS TARGET THE ARAB CHRISTIANS OF JORDAN By Murad Batal al-Shishani...........................................................................................4 Hakimullah Mahsud THE HUNT FOR PAKISTan’S MOST WANTED TERRORISTS By Mukhtar A. Khan.............................................................................................................6 Terrorism Monitor is a publication of The Jamestown Foundation. PERSPECTIVES ON THE FUTURE OF THE SOMALI JIHAD The Terrorism Monitor is By Andrew Mcgregor.............................................................................................................8 designed to be read by policy- makers and other specialists yet be accessible to the general public. The opinions expressed within are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily TALIBAN AIM TO ELIMINATE U.S. BASES IN NURISTAN reflect those of The Jamestown Foundation. In the wake of an attack that nearly overran a U.S. military outpost in Afghanistan’s Nuristan province, the Taliban have released a statement in the name of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan describing the attack as part of a Unauthorized reproduction or redistribution of this or any larger campaign to drive the U.S. military out of their bases in Nuristan. The Jamestown publication is strictly statement appeared in the October-November issue of the Taliban’s Al-Sumud prohibited by law. magazine. An October 3 attack by some 300 Taliban and Hizb-i-Islami fighters on Combat Outpost (COP) Keating (occupied jointly by U.S. and ANA forces) left eight Americans dead and 24 wounded. The attack on COP Keating was similar, in both scale and ferocity, to the Taliban attack on the U.S. outpost at Wanat in July, 2008 that left nine U.S. soldiers dead and 27 wounded. The isolated outposts in Nuristan were meant to provide some control of the passes through the rugged terrain of the Hindu Kush along the border with For comments or questions about Pakistan. In winter these outposts are extremely difficult to supply. COP Keating, our publications, please send an surrounded by high ground on three sides, was unable to conduct patrols outside email to [email protected], or the perimeter. contact us at: 1111 16th St. NW, Suite #320 Nuristan’s Governor, Jamaluddin Badar, told an Afghan daily that the Taliban Washington, DC • 20036 Tel: (202) 483-8888 commander of Kamdesh and Barg-i-Matal districts, Mullah Abdur Rehman Fax: (202) 483-8337 Mustaghni, was killed in an American airstrike on October 9. The report was Copyright ©2009 TO SUBSCRIBE TO THE TERRORISM MONITOR, VISIT http://www.jamestown.org TerrorismMonitor Volume VII u Issue 34 u November 13, 2009 verified by General Muhammad Afzal, commander of designed to eliminate the Taliban terrorist threat in the 201st “Selab” (Flood) Corps of the Afghan National South Waziristan. With the operation having been Army (ANA), but was denied by a Taliban spokesman long encouraged by Washington, Pakistani observers (Pajhwok Afghan News, October 10). now wonder why an apparent Taliban escape route has been opened along the border with Afghanistan. As might be expected, the Taliban have exaggerated Pakistani intelligence intercepts are said to reveal that their success at COP Keating, describing the camp of Qari Ziaur Rehman has invited at least one Pakistani 90 Afghan policemen and 50 U.S. troopers of the 61st Taliban commander to move his operations to Nuristan Cavalry Regiment as “one of the most important and (The News [Islamabad], October 18). The American biggest U.S. bases.” While the Taliban forces overran withdrawal during Pakistani operations on the other side part of the outpost, the arrival of air support allowed of the border is a major change from 2008’s Operation U.S. forces to retake the post before destroying it in Lion Heart, when U.S. forces in eastern Afghanistan their withdrawal. The Taliban claim “army soldiers are coordinated with the Pakistani military to put pressure surrendering to the mujahideen [in Kamdesh district] on on Taliban groups along both sides of the border. a daily basis.” They also warned of “more dangerous outcomes, such as an armed mass rebellion, which According to the statement, the Taliban of Nuristan happened many times in the units of the Soviet army in now have their sights set on destroying a U.S. military Afghanistan.” base in Nuristan’s Nurgram district and three other military bases in the Ghaziabad district of bordering The Taliban statement also claimed that the expulsion Kunar province. The remaining posts of the “local of U.S. forces from Nuristan would deal a blow to enemy forces” (i.e. the ANA) “are not considered a big Israel, which it alleges to be profiting from a trade in obstacle against the operations of the mujahideen.” “plundered” diamonds from Nuristan, a known source of gemstones. “As usual, where there is wealth and Nuristan, with its remote and inaccessible mountain opportunities, there must be Jews around.” The Taliban settlements, provided a refuge for the older religions see the U.S. occupation of the region as part of the and languages of Afghanistan. The region was known region’s economic exploitation. “From the beginning, as Kafiristan (Home of the Unbelievers) until its largely the U.S. Army estimated that the blood of its soldiers pagan population was converted to Islam after being is cheaper than diamonds, precious stones, interests of conquered by Amir Abdur Rahman Khan in 1896. The Jewish banks, the oil of Afghanistan and middle Asian Nuristanis became famous for their resolute resistance countries, and 9,000 tons of opium plundered for free to British and Soviet invaders and have shown their from Afghanistan at the beginning of every summer.” intention to add Americans to the list of unsuccessful occupants of the area. According to the Taliban, With Wanat already abandoned, U.S. troops pulled “The occupiers themselves have repeatedly said that out four days after the attack from COPs Keating and Afghanistan is the graveyard of the empires and the Lowell as well as Observation Post Fritsche in Kamdesh daily events prove the veracity of their review of historic in what was described as a preplanned withdrawal events.” (Army Times, November 3). Some U.S. forces remain in the Nuristan capital of Parun to protect the governor CRACKS BEGIN TO SHOW IN THE LORD’S and the local administration (Asia Times, October 29). RESISTANCE ARMY Qari Ziaur Rahman, a Taliban commander closely tied to the Arab militants of al-Qaeda, now has effective A sustained cross-border campaign by Uganda’s Special control of most of Nuristan. The Taliban described the Forces to eliminate the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) decision to withdraw as “one of the realistic decisions in cooperation with the military of the Democratic taken by the U.S. Army, which will certainly be followed Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the Sudanese People’s by similar ones.” Liberation Army (SPLA) of South Sudan appears to be yielding results nearly a year after Operation Lightning The U.S. withdrawal from its outposts in Nuristan and Thunder began. four others near the South Waziristan border has not been well received in Pakistan, where Pakistani government The perilous condition of the scattered LRA forces was forces are in the middle of a major military operation best revealed by the surrender of senior LRA commander 2 TerrorismMonitor Volume VII u Issue 34 u November 13, 2009 Charles Arop, notorious for his supervision of a typically Turkish Navy’s Fight Against senseless LRA massacre of 143 Congolese civilians in the village of Faradje using axes, clubs and machetes Piracy in the Gulf of Aden Serves on Christmas Day, 2008 (New Vision [Kampala], November 5; AFP, November 5). Continuing in a Foreign Policy Goals means of propagating itself, the LRA kidnapped 160 By Emrullah Uslu children for use as labor, sex-slaves or fighters (the latter must usually murder their own parents as part of the LRA’s method of breaking the mental resistance of its n February, the Turkish Parliament approved a recruits). Arop recently commanded a force of over government motion allowing Ankara to deploy 100 fighters, but continuous attacks by the Ugandans ITurkish naval forces (Turk Deniz Kuvvetleri) as devastated his command. Referring to Arop’s surrender, part of Combined Task Force 151 (CTF-151), an Lieutenant-Colonel Felix Kulayigye of the Ugandan international anti-piracy naval force operating off the People’s Defense Forces (UPDF) noted, “He was only coast of Somalia. The motion called for a one-year left with one fighter, so what choice did he have?” (AFP, limit to the deployment in the Gulf of Aden and off the November 5). Somali coast, where scores of commercial vessels have been hijacked by pirates. After parliamentary approval, the Turkish frigate TCG Giresun (former USS Antrim) Among those to come in recently was the last of the set sail from the Aksaz naval base on the Aegean coast four wives of feared LRA Brigade Commander Okello to Somalia as part of a U.N.-led effort to prevent pirates Kalalang, who was killed in a September bombardment from hijacking foreign ships (Anadolu Ajansi, February of LRA positions in the Central African Republic (CAR). 18). Other rebels are reportedly eager to surrender due to Since February, Turkish warships in the mission have the deteriorating conditions in LRA camps, though all engaged in numerous clashes with pirates. Recently the are aware that escape attempts are punished by the LRA Turkish navy frigate TCG Gediz launched an operation with instant death. The breakup of the LRA into smaller against a pirate vessel allegedly planning to hijack a units following the onslaught of Operation Lightning Greek commercial ship and subsequently detained Thunder has weakened the movement’s capabilities, five pirates.