The Historical Geography of Television Access Across the Rural South-Eastern Corner of Australia Stephanie Hanson University of Wollongong
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University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2015 On being forgotten: the historical geography of television access across the rural south-eastern corner of Australia Stephanie Hanson University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Hanson, Stephanie, On being forgotten: the historical geography of television access across the rural south-eastern corner of Australia, Master of Philosophy thesis, School of the Arts, English and Media - Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts, University of Wollongong, 2015. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/4518 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] On being forgotten: the historical geography of television access across the rural south-eastern corner of Australia A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree Master of Philosophy From University of Wollongong by Stephanie Hanson, BA (Hons) Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts School of the Arts, English and Media March 2015 CERTIFICATION I, Stephanie Hanson, declare that this thesis, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award Master of Philosophy, in the School of Arts, English and Media, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. Stephanie Hanson (March 2015) i ABSTRACT The experience of many individuals living across rural Australia challenges the popular notion that television “arrived” in September 1956, then spread rapidly across the country quickly evolving into a pervasive nation shaping cultural force. Although by the end on the 1950s all state capitals could boast at least one commercial and one public station, outside of the metropolis access to the new technology was limited and was to remain so in some instances for decades. Using the introduction of free-to-air television to the rural south eastern corner of Australia as a case study this thesis explores the local cultural consequences of poor access to media and communications technologies. Both archival and ethnographic research strategies have been employed, with data obtained from regional and rural newspapers; the records of historically relevant regulatory bodies and the oral histories of 21 residents drawn from across the district. The thesis demonstrates how theories of practice can be used firstly to provide an account of the establishment of a television service to an Australian country television district and, secondly to consider the relationship between access to communications technology and “sense of place”. Particular attention is paid to the role of television in bringing stability to the discursive association between the south-eastern corner of Australia and its sobriquet the “forgotten corner”. I conclude that rather than promoting national unity, the sub-standard television service on offer to this rural populace reinforced long-standing feelings of separation and difference. The thesis also highlights the inequity of service that has historically distinguished metropolitan from rural Australia and highlights the need for further research that takes into account the diversity within the experience of television across time and place. ii PUBLICATION ARISING FROM THIS THESIS Hanson, Stephanie 2012. Chasing a signal: memories of television across the south- eastern corner of Australia. In Remembering Television: Histories, Technologies, Memories, ed. Kate Darian-Smith and Sue Turnbull, 110-131. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Throughout my research journey there have been many acts of kindness and words of support from friends, family members and colleagues. All have been appreciated and accepted with gratitude. I would like in particular to acknowledge my supervisors Dr Kate Bowles and Professor Gordon Waitt for their expertise and insightful guidance. It has been a long journey and I thank you both for your support throughout. I would also like to thank Professor Sue Turnbull who has always shown a keen interest in my work and encouraged me to bring it to conclusion. This project would not have been achievable without the willingness of project contributors to share their experiences and thoughts on television and community living. I am grateful to have been welcomed into so many homes and to have been given the opportunity to enjoy great conversations over a variety of delicious refreshments. I would particularly like to thank my good friend and project participant, Diane Martin, whose casual conversation of her own early experiences of television in Merimbula assured me that the topic of this research - at the time just a vague idea - was worthy of further exploration. My thanks also go to friend Deborah McGrath who accompanied me on my second field trip to Mallacoota. Deb provided assistance in the management of large and unruly piles of documents and offered sustenance by way of home-cooking, good company and a therapeutic boat cruise. I am also grateful to the staffs of the Bega Valley Genealogy Society and the Eden Magnet printing office for allowing access to their archives. This project started life as PhD research project and I was optimistic my candidature would progress as fruitfully as it began. Unfortunately, in my third year I was beset by "dark days" and serious illness caused me to consider abandoning the project. I would like to acknowledge the timely and considered advice of family and friends at this time. iv These sensible people persuaded me not to give up rather "take the pressure off" and reframe the thesis as a MA. I am very grateful for this advice. On recovery I was able to pick up where I left off albeit it shortened form. This enabled me to honour the contributions of project contributors by inserting into the historiography of Australian television the voice of at least some of the residents of the "forgotten corner", as per their request. Finally, I would like to pay tribute to my husband, Nick, who has encouraged me throughout the course of my candidature, providing both the moral support and practical assistance required to see this thesis to completion. Thankyou Nick. v Table of Contents CERTIFICATION ............................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... ii PUBLICATION ARISING FROM THIS THESIS ......................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... x ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... xi 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 1. 1 Background to study ......................................................................................... 1 1. 2 Regional media – a "sticky area" ...................................................................... 4 1. 3 Timeframe and place and of study .................................................................... 5 1.3.1 Two states one community ........................................................................... 7 1.3.2 Discourses of progress .................................................................................. 8 1.3.3 The "forgotten corner" ................................................................................ 11 1. 4 Rationale: Why television? ............................................................................. 13 1. 5 Approach ......................................................................................................... 15 1. 6 Thesis structure and chapter summary ............................................................ 16 2 FINDING A WAY FORWARD – LITERATURE, METHODOLOGY AND THEORY ........................................................................................................................ 19 2. 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 19 2. 2 Australian television historiography ............................................................... 19 2.2.1 The development of the Australian Television System .............................. 19 2.2.2 Television as a cultural artefact................................................................... 20 2.2.3 The spatial imperatives of television........................................................... 21 2. 3 The research challenge .................................................................................... 21 2. 4 Methodological underpinnings ....................................................................... 25 2.4.1 The researcher/participant relationship ....................................................... 25 2. 5 Collecting the data........................................................................................... 27 2.5.1 Ethnographic strategies ............................................................................... 27 2.5.2 Archival research .......................................................................................