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THE WORLD’S GREATEST NATURAL AREAS:

An Indicative Inventory of Natural Sites of World Heritage Quality

By

IUCN’s Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas (CNPPA)

For

THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE

Commission on National Parks and Procted Areas INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES

It 1,aAr I us. .s.•i II.sIsSISS .apu/ I’,,,. I hun !)c,r I 1196 Gland. Switzerl and FOREWORD

The presentation of the material in this document and the geographical designations employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, Unesco, or the World Heritage Committee concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Some places have special importance for people. They sites which illustrate significant geological processes; have inspired us by their beauty, given us insights into and natural habitats crucial to the survival of threa the history of life on our planet, taught us about the tened plants and animals. These sites ensure the functions of natural ecosystems, informed us about the maintenance of the natural diversity upon which all evolution of our own species and culture, enthralled us mankind depends. I with wildlife spectacles, saved species of outstanding The “new” partnership between nature and culture interest, and provided us with examples of how man given international recognition by the World Heritage can live in harmonious balance with his environment. Convention is not really new. It has just been forgotten Many such places are so valuable that they form part in the modern rush to industrialize. For most of human of the heritage of all mankind. history, people have lived as part of nature and even on for both its goods — As the 1960s drew to a close, people around the world today all of us depend nature became increasingly concerned that important parts of such as forest products — and its services — such as World this natural and cultural heritage were in danger of watershed protection or recreation. The Heri reminding being lost. Poor planning, poor management, and lack tage Convention is a very useful means of sites already of the means to carry out conservation were the main us of our link with nature.A number of reasons for this dangerous situation. on the World Heritage List record man evolving with his environment. The Lower Valley of the Awash in A new sense of urgency was felt at the international Ethiopia has revealed the most complete skeleton of level. Just 10 years ago, in 1972, Unesco began its Man early pre-man yet known, and a whole family of early and the Biosphere Programme, the United Nations humans has been found, providing the earliest evidence Environment Programme was started in Stockholm, of human social behaviour. From a nearby site on the and the 2nd International Conference on National Omo River come the earliest indications of human Parks was held in Grand Teton. At each of these major industry, in the form of stone tools. The use of tools events, the idea of a World Heritage Convention was gave man his dominant position in the Animal discussed and promoted. Finally, in November 1972, Kingdom. the Convention for the Protection of the World is recorded Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted by the At the Willandra Lakes site in Australia of the earliest evidence of harvesting fresh-water Unesco General Conference, providing a framework some wild grass seeds for international cooperation in conserving the world’s animals and using grindstones to crush harvest outstanding natural and cultural properties. to flour, showing man’s evolving ability to nature’s goods. Under the Convention, a Committee of member governments is established to decide on sites which Some of the earliest art was based on nature. At sites have been nominated for the World Heritage List. The as far apart as the Vzere Valley in France and Kakadu Committee also provides technical assistance from the National Park in Australia, there is evidence that art World Heritage Fund; at Nepal’s Sagarmatha National originated partly to give hunters a spiritual link with Park, for example, the Fund is supporting solar power their prey, a link that survives among hunters to the development to reduce the consumption of scarce k present. firewood and help save the surrounding forests. Our villages where man flourished on most valuable resource is people, so the Fund also Some sites preserve supports national training programmes and regional the sustainable bounty of nature. The island known as institutions such as the College of African Wildlife “Skunggwai” to Canada’s Haida Indians was so rich Management in Tanzania. that these non-agricultural people had the leisure time 1 to produce monumental wood-carving unmatched in The Convention is unique because it deals with both the world. But not all early human use of the cultural and natural properties. Certain archaeological environment was sustainable. Mesa Verde National sites or ancient buildings have an impact on history, Park in Colorado, USA, records a long history of art or science that transcends geographical boundaries; increasing human population and cultural sophistica some townsites or groups of buildings are of special tion. But suddenly, in the 13th century, settlements on significance because of their architecture or place in the flat land were abandoned and villages were shifted the landscape; and some sites bear exceptional witness to cliff caves; shortly after, Mesa Verde was abandoned, to a civilization which has disappeared. These out leaving behind a story of cultural complexity and, Copyright International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) standing works of man are an irreplaceable part of the finally, failure. world’s cultural heritage. Published with the financial support of the World Heritage Fund, and in cooperation with the United Nations lnvironm(nt Programme. From the very earliest periods, man has realized that Our natural heritage is an equally priceless legacy. variety is more than the spice of life: it is the very Available from the Publications Department, IUCN, Avenue du Mont-Blanc. CH-l 196 Gland, Switzerland. Natural sites considered for the World Heritage List essence of life. Without the variety of geological ISBN: 2-88032-800-4 include areas which are of superlative natural beauty; formations, climates, and species that contribute to the

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I INTRODUCTION FOREWORD II. 2. 4. THE 6. 3. 9. 8. 5. 7. 22. 21. 20. THE 25. 10. 24. 23. II. 2. 26. 14. 4. 27. 6. 3. 29. 28. 16. IS. 8. 7. 30. IS. 17. 9. 5. 32. 31. 19. 33. 20. 22. 21. 24. 23. 10. II. 25. 13. 12. 26. IS. 14. 17. 16. 18. I 3. 2. 9. Wood Nahanni )Canada) Burgess Dinosaur Gros BaniT Eclipse Roderick Tuktovaktuk Ellesmere Thomsen Prince Grand St. Yellowstone Joshua Olympic Beringian Organ Mammoth Kluane Arctic Mesa Redwood Choukoutien Changbaishan Great Grottoes Sequoia/Kings Acadia Prieta Wenchun Grey Yosemite Death The The Mogno Point The Mount Virginia and Bryce Big Ice (France Grand Camargue Decorated Ras Skuftafell Pieninv Akan The Mont Abruzzo Fuji-Hakonc-Izu Sagarmatha Nikko Nemegetu Bialowieza Delta NEARCTIC PALAEARCTIC Elias Forests Bend Poland) Muhammad Three TurEtn Meridian Pyrenees Morne and Whale Verde Reyes BulThlo Smoky Canyon St. National National Valley of Pipe Canyon Leopold National Sound/Bvlot National Tree Paradiso/Vanojse Grottoes Taishan Shale National National and National National National Coast National of the Haig-Brown Provincial National Jasper River National Michel Refugium National Island National National Volong Grottoes Cave (France) Basin Gorges of Cactus National Kweilin National National Lagoons l3asin National National National National Italy) Danube Pingoes (China) Site National Mountains National REALM Mt. (France Valleys Nature National Canyon Reserve National Island Wildlife (Canada) Park Wildlife (China) National National National (China) Park Park ParkWrangell (Mongolia) and (Egypt) National Monument Park (Canada) Park Qornolangma (China) Park Nature of Park Park National REALM Park Park Park ofthe (Canada) Park (China) Island of (Japan) Park (Canada) the Reserve its Park Conservation Park Seashore (Japan) Park (Canada) Monument Park Reserve (USA) (China) and (Czechoslovakia Monument (Canada) National Park (USA) Baja (USA) (Italy) Park (USA) (USA) Range Park (USA) (Iceland) Ba Refuge National National (Canada) Yangtze Vezere Park Park Parks Reser (Poland) (USA) Spain) (Canada) (Canada) Park (USA) (Nepal) California Monurnent.Caneza (Canada) (France) (Canada (USA) (USA) (Romania) (China) (USA) (Canada) (USA) (USA) (Canada) (Japan) (USA) (China) Parks c Valley (USA) (China) (China) Park Parks (USA) Area

TABLE and (Me\ico( (USA) (France) (USA) USA)

OF 10 II 10 12 II 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 21 14 14 20 20 21 14 14 21 14 17 21 21 15 15 21 21 17 15 17 16 15 17 16 16 23 “7 17 lb 16 23 23 17 16 23 23 “7 23 24 24 9 9 9 3 9 9 7 3 5 7

CONTENTS Ill. 28. 27. 29. 31. 30. 32. 36. 33. 37. 34. 35. 40. 42. 41. 38. 39. 4. THE 2. 6. 3. 9. 5. 8. 7. I. 20. 21. 23, 22. 25. 24. 12. 27. 26. 14. 29. 28. 16. II. 13. IS. 17. 31. 30. IS. 33. 32. 41. 40. 36. 42. 37. 34. 35. 38. 44. 43. 39. 0. 9. Asjr Swedish Coto (United St. Cairngorms (United Bernese Sikhote-Alinskv lchkeul The Chatkalsky on Kara-Bojaz Kandalakcha Badkhyzsky Okavango Tassili Central Reserves Baikalskv Lake The (Guinea, Sirnien Mt. Plitvice Mt. Din Sihiloi Tai .Ahcrdare Ankaratitntsika and Toalambihy. Andohahela Gorongoza Mt. Perinet Lake Nyika Etosha Giant’s Niokolo-Koha Namib-Naukluft Aldabra Djoudj (South Uml’olozi-Hluhluwe Kruger Sanganch The Karoo Lake Screngeti Boma Sclous Garamba Lake Ngorongoro Virunga Mt. Mt. Salonga Rusenzori East Kahuzi-Biega AFROTROPICAL Kilda the Cameroon National Forest Nimba National Caves Delta Kenya Afar Donana Meru-Arusha Kilimanjaro Sudd Ohrid and Malawi St. Tanganyika Aral Game National N’Ajjer National Desert National Game Mountains Africa) National Oberland Kingdom) National Kingdom) Forest Kalahari Lakes National Castle Lapland Strict (USSR) National National Ivory Lucia National Triangle and West National National Delta of Marine National (Sudan) of Reserve State Gol National Strict National National Sea Region (USSR) National Strict Conservation the State Ampasambazimea, National Androhomana Park Reserve Park National Darguzinskv National Reserve (South Reserve National Game Coast Nature (Cameroon) National National Ijsarnbara System Nature (USSR) (USSR) State Park Park (Botswana) Amu (Sweden) Park Reserve Park Game Park Park Park (Tanzania) (Switzerland) Nature Nature National (Tanzania) Park (Ethiopia (Ivory Park Nature National (Saudi Resere National Park (Cameroon) (Yugoslavia) Park Park Game Park REALM Nature Park and (Malawi) Africa) Park Reserve (Kenya) Reserve (Sudan) (Tunisia) (Namihia) (Senegal) (South (Narnibia) (Tanzania) Reserve Darya, Park (Madagascar) (South Park Reserve (Zaire) Park Reserve (Zaire) Park (Kenya) Park Park (Tanzania) (Zaire) Coast) Reserve (USSR) Liberia Arabia) Reserve (Kenya) Forests (Mozambiquc) Reserve (Uganda) Area (USSR) State Reserves Park (Spain) Park Park (Malawi) and (Madagascar) Reserve (Yugoslavia) (Zaire) (Algeria) Africa) (Senegal) (South (USSR) Africa) (Seychelles) (Madagascar) (Botswana) (Tanzania) (Sudan) Djibouti) (Ethiopia) (Tanzania) (Tanzania) (Madugascar) Africa) . . . . 25 24 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 27 27 28 27 29 29 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 32 32 32 32 32 34 34 32 32 34 34 34 34 35 35 36 36 36 35 36 36 36 37 36 37 37 37 37 38 37 38 38 45. Luangwa Valley National Parks (Zambia) 38 4. Lord Howe Island (Australia) 51 46. Victoria Falls and Zambezi Gorge 5. Southwest Tasmania (Australia) 51 THE WORLD’S GREATEST NATURAL AREAS: (Zambia and Zimbabwe) 38 6. Uluru National Park (Australia) 52 47. Mana Pools National Park (Zimbabwe) 38 7. The Channel Country (Australia) 52 8. Cape York Peninsula (Australia) 52 An Indicative Inventory of Natural Sites of World Heritage Quality IV. THE INDOMALAYAN REALM 39 9. Queensland Rainforests (Australia) 53 1. The Sunderbans (Bangladesh and India) 39 10. The Great Sandy Region (Australia) 54 By 2. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (Bhutan and India) 39 II. The Kimberlies (Australia) 54 3. Little Rann of Kutch Wild Ass Sanctuary (India) 39 12. Shark Bay (Australia) 56 IUCN’s Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas (CNPPA) 4. Gir Forest Lion Sanctuary 13. Forest and Wildflower Regions (Australia) 56 and National Park (India) 39 5. Kanha Tiger Reserve and National Park (India) 39 6. Keoladeo Ghana National Park (India) 39 VII. THE ANTARCTIC REALM 57 INTRODUCTION 7. Kaziranga National Park (India) 40 I. Macquarie Island (Australia) 57 4. Criteria for including a natural property on the 8. Nanda Devi Sanctuary (India) 40 2. Australian Antarctic Territory (Australia) 57 1. The World Heritage Convention. The Convention World Heritage List. A natural property proposed for 9. Ranthambhore Wildlife Sanctuary (India) 40 3. Heard and McDonald Islands (Australia) 57 concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and the List must meet at least one of the following four 10. Andaman Islands (India) 4. Westland-Mt. 42 Cook National Parks Natural Heritage was adopted by the 1972 General criteria (though meeting more than one criterion does II. Gunung Leuser National Park (Indonesia) 42 (New Zealand) 59 not necessarily imply a more valuable site): 12. Siberut Island (Indonesia) 42 5. Fjordland National Park (New Zealand) 59 Assembly of Unesco in recognition of the obligation of 13. Ujung Kulon National Park (Indonesia) 42 6. Poor Knights Islands (New Zealand) 59 all nations to protect those outstanding natural and (i) be an outstanding example representing the major 14. Tanjung Puting Game Reserve (Indonesia) 42 cultural areas which are of such unique value that they stages of the earth’s evolutionary history (e.g., 15. Kutai Game Reserve (Indonesia) 42 form a part of the heritage of all mankind. It provides fossil beds, geological sites, ice-age landscapes); 16. Dumoga-Bone National Park (Indonesia) 43 VIII. THE NEOTROPICAL REALM 61 a permanent legal, administrative, and financial frame 17. Komodo National Park (Indonesia) 43 I. Los Glaciares National Park (ii) be an outstanding example representing (Argentina) 61 work designed to complement, aid and stimulate significant 18. Island of Bali (Indonesia) 43 2. Petrilied Forest (Argentina) 61 ongoing national programmes aimed at conserving this World geological processes, biological evolution, 19. Angkor Wat National Park (Kampuchea) 43 3. Ischigualasto-Talampaya (Argentina) 61 and man’s interaction with his natural environ 20. Elephant Mountains/Cardamon Mountains 4. Cerro Colorado (Argentina) 61 Heritage. (Kampuchea) ment (e.g., volcanoes, tropical rainforests, terraced 43 5. Great Inagua National Park (Bahamas) 61 By adopting the Convention, nations recognize 21. Bolovens Plateau (Laos) 43 6. Blue Hole and Surrounding Atolls (Belize) that agricultural landscapes); 61 each country holds in trust for the rest of mankind 22. Kinabalu National Park (Malaysia) 44 7. Huanchaca National Park (Bolivia) 61 (iii) contain superlative natural phenomena, forma 23. Niah Cave (Malaysia) those parts of the world heritage—both natural 45 8. Lake Titicaca (Bolivia) 61 and tions, or features, or areas of exceptional natural 24. Royal Chitwan National Park (Nepal) 45 9. Iguacu National Park and Iguazu National Park cultural—that are found within its boundaries; that the beauty (e.g., superlative mountains or waterfalls, 25. Rainforests of Southern Mindanao (Philippines) 45 (Brazil and Argentina) 62 international community has an obligation to support 26. VaIle concentrations de Mai (Seychelles) 45 10. The Pantanal (Brazil) 63 any nation in meeting this great of animals); 27. Sinharaja trust, if its own resources Forest Reserve (Sri Lanka) 45 II. Jau National Park (Brazil) 63 are insufficient; and that mankind (iv) contain the foremost natural habitats where 28. Yala/Ruhuna National Park (Sri Lanka) 46 12. Anegada Island and Surrounding Waters must exercise the 29. Horton Plains (Sri Lanka) 46 (British Virgin Islands) 63 same sense of responsibility to the works of nature as threatened species of animals or plants of out 30. Huay Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary (Thailand) 46 13. Juan Fernandez National Park (Chile) to the works of its own hands. However, sovereignty of standing universal value can survive. 31. Langbian Plateau (Vietnam) 46 14. Torres Del Paine National Park (Chile) any World Heritage Site remains with the country 15. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Park where the site is located. 5. The relationship between World Heritage Sites and V. THE OCEANIAN REALM 47 (Colombia) other categories of protected areas. The primary I. Marine Lakes of Palau (Republic of Belau) 47 16. Sierra de Ia Macarena National Park (Colombia) objective of a World Heritage Site is to protect the 2. Village of Nan Madol (Caroline Islands) 47 17. Amistad (Friendship) International Park 2. The Rapa World Heritage Committee. The Convention natural features on the basis of which the area was 3. Nui National Park (Chile) 47 (Costa Rica and Panama) establishes both the “World 4. Island of Tahiti (France) 47 18. Morne Trois Pitons National Park (Dominica) Heritage Fund” and, as the considered to be of World Heritage quality. This is 5. Gunung Jaya Nature Reserve (Indonesia) 47 19. Galapagos National Park (Ecuador) instrument of cooperation in which all powers under normally accomplished through existing national 6. Foja Mountains (Indonesia) 47 20. Sangay National Park (Ecuador) the Convention are vested, an intergovernmental legislation and most World Heritage Sites will already 7. Meervlakte (Indonesia) 47 21. Tikal National Park (Guatemala) “World Heritage Committee”. The Committee has have National Park or Strict Nature Reserve status. In 8. Long Island (Papua New Guinea) 48 22. Roraima (Guyana) three main functions: some cases, reserved forest 9. Karkar Caldera (Papua New Guinea) 48 23. Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve (Honduras) areas may be considered, 10. Rennell Island (Solomon Islands) 48 24. Mount Pele (Martinique) — to identify, on the basis of nominations submitted by but only when they are assured of perpetual protection. II. Savo Island (Solomon Islands) 50 25. Darien National Park (Panama) States Parties, cultural and natural properties of Some World Heritage Sites may also be Biosphere 12. Kulambangara Island (Solomon Islands) 50 26. Defensores de Chaco National Park (Paraguay) outstanding universal value which are to be pro Reserves, but Biosphere Reserves are typically chosen 13. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (USA) 50 27. Manu National Park (Peru) tected under the Convention and to list these for their representativeness of a given ecosystem type, 14. Le Pupu-Pue National Park (Western Samoa) 50 28. Macchu Picchu National Sanctuary (Peru) properties while World Heritage Sites include only “areas of 29. Everglades National Park (USA) on the “World Heritage List”; VI. THE AUSTRALIAN REALM 51 Angel outstanding universal value”. World Heritage status is 30. Falls and Auyan-Tepuy (Venezuela) — to decide which properties included on the World I. The Great meant to be exclusive, for only the very best areas; the Barrier Reef (Australia) 51 31. Cueva del Guacharo National Park (Venezuela) Heritage List are to be inscribed on the List of World 2. Willandra Lakes Region (Australia) 51 32. Jaua-Sarisarinama National Park (Venezuela) Convention does not aim to protect all areas which are Heritage in Danger (which can lead 3. Kakadu National Park (Australia) 51 33. Henry Pittier National Park (Venezuela) to emergency valuable or important. assistance);

— to determine in what way and under what conditions 6. Background and Methods. In May 1980, IUCN the resources in the World Heritage Fund (1981 proposed to the Committee’s Bureau that an inventory technical assistance budget: US$1.2 million) can be of natural sites be prepared. At the Fourth Session of used most advantageously to assist States Parties in the Committee, held in Paris in September 1980, the the protection of their World Heritage properties. Committee “noted with satisfaction IUCN’s plans for the preparation of a worldwide inventory of natural sites through worldwide distribution of questionnaires 3. The role of IUCN/CNPPA. IUCN, through its and organization of a series of expert meetings during Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas the next two years”. The first expert meeting to address (CNPPA), has been given responsibility under the the World Heritage Inventory was held in Garoua, Convention for advising Unesco on natural areas for Cameroon, in November 1980. The second inventory, inclusion on the World Heritage List. The Convention covering the Neotropical Realm, was compiled on the will best achieve its conservation objectives if it attracts basis of the working session of CNPPA held in Lima, more State Parties and if more natural properties are Peru, in June 1981. The third, covering the Oceanian included on the list; therefore, IUCN/CNPPA are and Antarctic realms, was discussed at the CNPPA committed to stimulate both increased membership in Working Session in Christchurch, New Zealand, in the Convention and the addition of more natural October 1981. And the fourth, covering the Nearctic, properties to the World Heritage List. was developed on the basis of the CNPPA Working Session in Waterton, Canada, in June 1982. after a — and to provide guidance to the Committee for detailed review process in the countries involved; providing preparatoiv assistance to States Parties in however, not all of the North American sites listed on need of such assistance. I. THE NEARCTIC REALM the indicative inventories of Canada and the USA are included here as this would have made the list longer 8. Limitations. This inventory is a first edition and will than necessary for our purposes. be revised on a regular basis. It was compiled on the basis of suggestions made at the various working The Australian Realm is the only one that is entirely sessions of CNPPA, discussions with individuals enclosed within the national borders of a single nation, knowledgeable about the countries involved, review by greatly facilitating the survey and research that is required to suggest potential World the CNPPA membership, and a literature search. It is Heritage Sites. In not addition to five sites which meant to be exhaustive or definitive, nor to replace 1. Name of property: NAHANNI NATIONAL 4. Name of property: BANFF AND JASPER have been elected to the national List, or are currently under nomination, the additional inventories; it is in no way binding on any PARK (N.W. Territories) (elected WHS 1978) NATIONAL PARKS (Alberta) government, nor does it imply any opinion whatsoever sites listed in this inventory are those which have been Country: Canada Country: Canada proposed by the Australian by the World Heritage Committee. As it is only Conservation Foundation, indicative, based on a lengthy process of national For further investigation may reveal that some Universal significance: Nahanni is an area of Universal significance: These two contiguous review. the sites do not meet Palaearctic and Indomalayan Realms, the sites listed the criteria stated in paragraph 5. In 476,000 ha which includes outstanding physiographic, national parks in the Canadian Rockies total 1.75 addition, there are certainly are based on information provided by IUCN contacts other sites not listed here ecological, and geological features, providing an million hectares. Established in 1885. Banff (664,000 which are of outstanding in the Realms, followed by a review process involving universal significance accord outstanding picture of the evolution of natural land ha) was Canada’s first national park. Its alpine setting, ing to the criteria which the relevant authorities in the relevant countries. and should be on the World features. Outstanding among these are examples of with outstanding natural attractions such as Lake Heritage List. It is expected that future editions of this almost every distinct category of river or stream that is Louise, Mt. Temple, Peyto Lake, Bow Lake and its inventory will reflect a growing knowledge of the known; the finest examples of river canyons in glaciers. has attracted visitors from around the world world’s natural heritage, so all comments and criti Canada: the only one of North America’s great since the turn of the century. Jasper National Park was 7. Purposes. The inventory is envisaged to have several cisms will be most welcome. waterfalls that has remained essentially undisturbed by established in 1907. Its southern is uses: boundary conti man (Virginia Falls); the most spectacular karst terrain guous with Banff National Park. In its west side lies 9. — to assist countries in the preparation of the country The inventory. The inventory is listed by biogeogra in the Western Hemisphere; and the spectacular sand Mt. Robson Provincial Park with Mt. Robson (3954 inventories requested by the World Heritage Com phic realm and by country, in alphabetical order, blow-out known as “Devil’s Kitchen”, where the wind m) the highest point in the Canadian Rockies. Among mittee; irrespective of whether the country is a State Party of has eroded weird and fantastic pillars, knobs and its most outstanding features are the Columbia the Convention (countries which are members appear arches. Icefields, the Maligne Valley and Medicine Lake. The — to illustrate to countries the sorts of areas they have in Appendix I); in cases where the property covers Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii) Snaring River and Snake, Indian River areas north of within their borders which may be worthy of World more than one country, it is listed under the first the town of Jasper form the largest contiguous block of Heritage consideration—for countries who have not country. For each property, the name of the property wilderness in the mountain national parks; waters from yet become Members of the Convention, this may is in capital letters, followed by a short statement of its the Park drain into the Pacific, Arctic, and Atlantic help convince them to do so; universal significance and the criteria under which it 2. Name of property: DINOSAUR PROVINCIAL Oceans. Among the wildlife of the parks are found qualifies for consideration for inclusion on the World — PARK (Alberta) (elected WHS 1979) to provide the World Heritage Committee with a list Heritage List. of outstanding areas to illustrate the potential Country: Canada number of sites to be considered, to facilitate For sake of completeness. existing World Heritage Sites comparisons between nominated sites, and to help and properties which are currently being considered by Universal significance: This 6.000 ha site includes redress the imbalance between natural and cultural the Committee are also included on the indicative the world’s best representation of dinosaurs from the sites; inventory; existing World Heritage Sites are listed first Upper Cretaceous period, yielding specimens from 60 under the relevant country. All sites are included on species representing seven’ families of dinosaurs. In — to stimulate the submission of nomination forms for the schematic map covering the relevant biogeographic addition to the unmatched fossil riches, the site also the properties listed; realm, has interesting riverine habitats, and significant popu lations of a number of rare and endangered species of plants and animals. The badland terrain which includes mesas, buttes, knife-edged divides, and many geological formations is of outstanding scenic value as well. Criteria: (i). (ii)

3. Name of property: BURGESS SHALE SITE (British Colombia) (elected WHS 1980) Country: Canada Universal significance: The World Heritage site is a relatively small area included within Yoho National Park, being composed of a quarry about 30 m long and 3 m wide. Within this very small area have been found more than 150 species of fossils assigned to some 120 genera; the majority of these have been found only in the Burgess Shales. Most of the fossils are of soft-bodied marine forms, which lack hard parts (making fossiliza tion of such forms extremely rare); this site therefore provides the best available glimpse of the soft-bodied marine forms that were appearing at a period some half a billion years ago, early in the history of multi-cellular animal life on earth. Criteria: (i), (ii)

8 9 MAP 1. OUTSTANDING NATURAL SITES OF THE NEARCTIC REALM

BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCES OUTSTANDING NATURAL SITES 1. Sitkan A. Nahanni National Park 2. Oregonian B. Dinosaur Provincial Park (Canada) 3. Yukon Taiga C. Burgess Shale Site (Canada) 4. Canadian Taiga D. Banif’and Jasper National Parks (Canada) 5. Eastern Forest E. Wood Buffalo National Park (Canada) 6. Austroriparian F. Roderick Haig-Brown Conservation Area (Canada) 7. Californian G. Gros Morne National Park (Canada) 8. Sonoran I-I. Eclipse Sound/Bylot Island (Canada) 9. Chihuahuan I. Prince Leopold Island (Canada) 10. Tamaulipan J. Ellesmere Island National Park (Canada) II. Great Basin K. Tuktoyaktuk Pingoes (Canada) 12. Aleutian Islands L. Thomsen River (Canada) 13. Alaskan Tundra M. Beringian Refugium (Canada) 14. Canadian Tundra N. Kluane National Park/Wrangell St. Elias National Monument (Canada and USA) 15. Arctic Archipelago 0. Yellowstone National Park (USA) 16. Greenland Tundra P. Mesa Verde National Park (USA) 17. Arctic Desert and Icecap Q. Grand Canyon National Park (USA) 18. Grasslands R. Redwood National Park (USA) 19. Rocky Mountains S. Mammoth Cave National Park (USA) 20. Sierra-Cascade T. Olympic National Park (USA) 21. Madrean-Cordilleran U. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (USA) 22. Great Lakes V. Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument/Caneza Prieta National Wildlife Range (USA) W. Death Valley National Monument (USA) X. Joshua Tree National Monument (USA). Y. Point Reyes National Seashore (USA). Z. Sequoia/Kings Canyon National Parks (USA) a. Yosemite National Park (USA) b. Acadia National Park (USA) c. Great Smoky Mountains National Park (USA) d. Big Bend National Park (USA) e. Bryce Canyon National Park (USA) f. Virginia Coast Reserve (USA) g. Grey Whale Lagoons of Baja California (Mexico)

7. Name of property: GROS MORNE NATIONAL of seals and walrus inhabit the waters of the Sound as PARK (Newfoundland) well, and its coastal reaches are a critical denning and Country: Canada summering area for the largest population in the world of the endangered polar bear. Universal significance: The scenic hills of Gros 4 Morne National Park (194,250 ha) at the ocean’s edge Criteria: (iii), (iv) in western Newfoundland have been claimed by some geologists as “the Eight Wonders of the World”. The 1• rocks which form these hills represent ophiolites, relicts of the Earth’s mantle and its overlying deep oceanic crust which were thrust up and over the ancient continental shelf of North America about half a billion years ago. Their emplacement was related to a collision of continents which formed the ancient caribou, black and grizzly bears, mountain goats and vast array of ecosystems and outstanding examples of Appalachian Mountain system. The history of that sheep, and many others. ongoing aeolian, periglacial, semi-arid, fluvial and ( collision is nowhere better told than in the rocky cliffs karst geomorphic processes. of the park’s coastline. In the past ten years increasing Criteria: (ii), (iii), (iv) Criteria: (ii), (iii), (iv) numbers of geologists have been attracted here to study various aspects of the timing and mechanisms of the 5. Name of property: WOOD BUFFALO collision process known as “plate tectonics”. NATIONAL PARK (Alberta/Northwest Territor Criteria: (i), (ii) 6. Name of property: RODERICK HAIG-BROWN ies) CONSERVATION AREA (British Colombia) Country: Canada 8. Name of property: ECLIPSE SOUND/BYLOT Country: Canada ISLAND (Northwest Territories) significance: Wood Buffalo National Universal Universal significance: The Adams River which Park encompasses an area of 4.3 million ha. Among Country: Canada runs through this site is one of the great salmon grounds its exceptional features of international importance is Universal significance: Eclipse Sound/Bylot Island Each year in excess of 1.5 million salmon the Peace-Athabasca Delta, one of the largest fresh in the world. are in the eastern Arctic Ocean between Devon and return to the place of their birth more than 500 km deltas in the world. The Delta is the most Baffin Islands. The site is critical the reproduction water Pacific Ocean where they have spent to northerly prairie marsh complex in North America and up-river from the and survival of several million seabirds, and the the last two to three years of their short life. In an area is a critical nesting and migratory habitat for countless I bowhead whale, an endangered species, frequents the of 65 ha is spawned a fishery worth millions of dollars waterfowl. The Park is perhaps most noted for its herd Sound in summer to feed. The Sound also supports per year. This two-week phenomenon attracts visitors of 14,000 to 16,000 bison, the largest free-roaming herd approximately 10,000 Beluga whales and several from around the world. I in the world, and as the only known nesting area of the thousand narwhal, the largest concentrations of these )e//ons1o,IL’ Falls. )(‘llowslo,ie ,\aiu,nal Park, L’S.I. (Photo : Frau: endangered whooping crane. The Park encompasses a Criteria: (iii) cetacean species in the world. Significant populations Lipp, ILCNI

10 II

I. 12. Name of property: THOMSEN RIVER (North man was moving from Asia into North America. so the ‘%__ west Territories) site is rich in archaeological and paleontological ‘—“a... -. ;x” . Country: Canada evidence of international importance. Wildlife is abundant. Dali sheep. moose and the famous Porcu - .“ Universal significance: The Thomsen River area pine caribou herd cross the region: this is the only area lies along the north coast of Banks Island on the in the world with 3 species of bears: polar bear. Western Arctic Islands, Northwest Territories. The barren-ground grizzly and black bear. Bald eagles, area is a superlative example of the high-Arctic osprey and peregrine falcon are also found. ecosystem. Its scenery is exceptional. including bold sea coasts near Cape Vesey Hamilton. spectacular Criteria: (i). (ii). (iii). (iv). plus cultural criteria canyons east of Mercy Bay, austere desert-like badlands west ofCastcl Bay contrasting with the lush, gentle hills 14. Name of property: KLUANE NATIONAL of the Thomsen and Muskox River valleys. These river PARK WRANGELL ST. ELIAS NATIONAL valleys are the best muskox range in the world and MONUMENT (elected WHS 1980) (Yukon and support the largest remaining herd of this relic of the Alaska) last Ice Age (10,000-12,000 animals). The relationship between Inuit Indians and muskoxen in this area is also Country: Canada and USA truly outstanding because it extends 3.400 years into Uniersal significance: This site of over six and the past and is one of the few instances in the world hall’ million hectares is composed of’protected areas in where a hunting economy developed based on Musko both Canada and the USA. It contains the largest xen as the staple resource. non-polar ice field in the world and examples of’some Criteria: (ii), (iii), plus cultural criteria of the world’s most spectacular glaciers: Icy Bay is the calving area for 3 major glaciers, producing a particu 13. Name of property: BERINGIAN REFUGIUM larly scenic glacial landscape. The site contains a (Yukon) complete spectrum of glacial processes. from moraines and hanging valleys to cirques, keddles. and many Country: Canada others: the area is noted for its concentration of surging Universal significance: Located in the Yukon glaciers. including one which recently surged o er 8 Territory, the area was not glaciated during the kms in two years. The large size of’this site protects a Illinoian and Wisconsin periods of glaciation when number of complete watersheds of major rivers and shelters a large number of endangered species. Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

15. Name of property: YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK (Wyoming) (elected WI-IS 1978)

-I Country: USA

G,’and (‘a,li’nl .“‘ati,iaI Pa,’I. L’S.I (Pin fly L nion PLu’ilIl Rat/inn!, IL C’A’ Universal significance: Yellowstone is the grand father of all national parks. Its 900.000 ha include spectacular examples of the on-going geological pro cesses of volcanism. These include the world’s largest 9. Name of property: PRINCE LEOPOLD ISLAND a national park in 1982. The area includes the highest fossil preserved by (Northwest Territories) caldara (48 by 64 krn), 27 forests peaks in the Arctic as well as the only permanent ice ash falls during volcanic eruptions, and the world’s Country: Canada shelf. The Lake Hazen area is a unique Arctic largest concentration of hot springs and geysers (most phenomena with arid characteristics and exceptional are within the park). The Universal significance: Prince Leopold Island is of the world’s geysers located ecosv sterns. Fauna include musk-ox, caribou, arctic area is also of outstanding natural beauty, and the located within Lancaster Sound off the northeast fox, and grey whales. corner of Somerset Island. Franklin District. Northwest canyon of the Yellowstone has been called the “most Territories. This flat-topped island with vertical cliffs Criteria: (iii), (iv) beautif’ul canyon in the world”. It also protects rare and 245-365 m high is a critical habitat for one of the endangered species such as grizzly bear, wolf, moun largest seabird colonies in the circumpolar region of tain lion, arctic grayling, yellowstone cut-throat trout, the world. There is a combination of high population 11. Name of property: TUKTOYAKTUK PINGOES bald eagle and trumpeter swan. densities of individual bird species and a high diversity (Northwest Territories) Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) 01 species present, a feature not found elsewhere in the Country: Canada Arctic. Preliminary 1975 breeding population numbers are: 140,000 thick-billed murres: 60,000 northern Universal significance: The T uktoyaktuk Pingoes 16. Name of property: MESA VERDE NATIONAL lijlmars 58.000 black-legged kittiwakes: 6.000 black are situated in the Tuktovaktuk Peninsula of the PARK (Colorado) (elected WHS 1978) guillernots and 4.000 glacucous gulls. MacKenzie River Delta region of the Northwest Country: USA * Territories, This area contains the largest concentra Criteria: (iii) tion of pingoes (ice-cored hills) in the world Universal significance: Located in the forested (1,400-1,500) and is an outstanding example of table land at the edge of the San Juan range of the on-going geological processes associated with perma Rockies, Mesa Verde comprises just over 20,000 ha at the meeting place of mountain and desert. In the 10. frost conditions. Ibyuk Hill, the largest pingo in Name of property: ELLESMERE ISLAND southern slopes are found a number of steep canyons, NATIONAL PARK (Northwest Territories) Canada and perhaps the world, measures 900 m in circumference at its base and rises 40 m above the valleys, and mesa tops containing hundreds of pre Country: Canada surrounding tundra. The pingo is deeply fissured and Colombian Indian villages. Some of these villages are iii hict large towns with towers, terraces. and multiple Universal significance: An area is occupied at its summit by a small crater-like pond. of 39.500 sq km level dwellings built of stone blocks in huge caves one in the most northerly lands in Canada was rcsered as Criteria: (ii) Mcclwood NcgIIci,gu/Park, I 1.S’.1(Phi 1, l’c,iii l)twc‘Ahere, II ‘( ‘N) building, called the “CUll Palace”, has more than 200

12 13

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Criteria:

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Criteria:

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Name

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800,000

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Name

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site

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to

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and

208,000

the

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nearly

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with

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over

largest

the

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some

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100

340,000

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types.

of

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shore

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kms

two

the

the

of

15

of

in is Falls, 800 m), are found here; El Capitan is the largest 31. Name of property: BRYCE CANYON single block of granite in the world, with scarcely a NATIONAL PARK (Utah) II. THE PALAEARCTIC REALM fracture in its entire perpendicular wall. Five of the Country: USA seven continental life zones are represented in Yose mite National Park. Universal significance: Bryce Canyon includes in its 14,500 ha innumerable highly colourful and bizarre Criteria: (i) (ii), (iii), (iv) pinnacles, walls and spires, perhaps the most colourful and unusual erosional forms in the world. Once part 28. Name of property: ACADIA NATIONAL PARK of a large inland sea into which sand, silt and lime was (Maine) carried by rivers and streams from the surrounding USA highlands, the sediments began to shift as continental Country: Name of property: CHOUKOUTIEN (Hopeh 4. Name of property: GROTTOES OF KWEILIN pressures on Utah; wind, snow. Universal significance: Acadia, a 14,000 ha park drift placed southern Province) (Kwangsi Chuang) ice, frost, and rain began eroding the sediments into situated on a rocky archipelago along the Maine coast, pinnacles, with the softer shales and sand Country: China Country: China is an area of diverse geological features, dramatic spires and topography (including the highest headlands along the stones giving way first. The site has numerous trails Universal significance: This is one of the richest Universal significance: The city of Kweilin is entire Atlantic coast), and outstanding scenic beauty. which allow visitors to see the constantly changing Fossil sites in the world. Notable among the many reputed to have China’s most beautiful scenery. It includes the finest surviving fragment of New scenery. species which have been found at this site is Homo Located in karst country with a thick overlay of England shoreline, virtually the only wild habitat in Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii) ‘rectus, a widespread species of early man. There is limestone, the city has many weird, isolated pinnacles the entire region. some evidence at Choukoutien that this early form of that appear to have popped up from the ground, man had already begun to use fire. Skeleton remains straight and high. The Grottoes of the city are Criteria: (ii). (iii) 32. Name of property: VIRGINIA COAST RESERVE (Virginia) of over 30 males, females and children have already particularly noteworthy, including such fascinating been recovered from this area. Research is continuing sights as the 3-metre-long rock dangling from a cave 29. GREAT SMOKY Name of property: MOUN Country: USA at Choukoutien. which contains two to three hundred statues of the TAINS NATIONAL PARK (Tennessee/South Universal significance: The Virginia Coast Buddha (one of which is over 1,000 old). The Carolina) Criteria: (ii), plus cultural criteria years Reserve is the most well-preserved extensive barrier 1-km chamber of the Seven Star Cave is a gallery of Country: USA island system remaining on the Atlantic Coast of North stalactites and stalagmites which have been given Universal significance: This area of 208,000 ha America. The system of barrier islands, saltmarshes, descriptive names such as “Monkey Picking Peaches”, includes one of the oldest uplands on earth, containing and lagoons demonstrate dune and beach migration “Frog Leaping Into a Pond”, “Two Dragons Entering a on islands, and includes a diversity of lush vegetation associated with its varied and storm action barrier Cave”, and “Two Dragons Playing Ball”. the communities which once topography, including spruce-fir, hemlock, deciduous, virtually all of plant 2. Name of property: MOGAO GROTTOES (Kansu Criteria: (ii), (iii), plus cultural criteria and mixed forests; some 1400 species of flowering occurred along the Atlantic Coast. The area has been Province) designated a Biosphere Reserve. plants are found in the site, along with about 2200 Countr: China other plant species. About 70,000 ha of the site are Criteria: (ii), (iii) 5. Name of property: MOUNT Universal significance: Hewn in a steep cliii 10 km TAISHAN (Shan virgin forest, the largest such block of these forest types tung Province) in USA. Fifty species occur, from Dunhuang is a honeycomb of caves, known as the the of mammals including 33. Name of property: GREY WHALE LAGOONS an important roost of the Endangered Indiana Bat: the Magao Grottoes, or the Caves of a Thousand Buddhas. Country: China OF BAJA CALIFORNIA Here 200 species of birds include the Endangered Peregrine man has used nature as an artistic medium of Universal significance: Rising 1,540 m above sea unsurpassed Falcon and Red-cockaded Woodpecker. Country: Mexico importance for Asian art. Brilliant paint level, Mt. Taishan is a symbol of loftiness and ings cover the cave walls and ceilings, each in its own Universal significance: This site covers several grandeur. The rugged topography is covered in Criteria: (ii), (iii) artistic style, providing a complete and chronological lagoons — Ojo de Liebre. Guerrero Nego. San Ignacio centuries-old pines and cypresses, magnificent temples picture of Buddhist art from the Eastern un (317 A.D.) — and the Bahia de Magalena complex on the Pacific and waterfalls. Beginning in the third century, emper 30. Name of property: BIG BEND NATIONAL to the Yuan Dynasty (1368 A.D.), nearly a Mexico, where the Endangered Grey Whales thousand ors journeyed here to meditate, and scholars have left PARK (Texas) coast of years of history. The 45.000 square metres of murals come to give birth. In the first two weeks of January. many poems and inscriptions praising the charm of the and 2.300 painted statues remain as bright as they were Country: USA the area outside the lagoon entrance fills with whales mountain. On a large flat rock in the Sutra Stone more than a thousand years ago. These paintins also significance: This 283,000 ha area migrating down from their inshore feeding grounds off Valley, an ancient calligrapher has carved the text of Universal depict social life in various historical periods and contains excellent examples of mountain systems and the coast of Alaska: the females enter the lagoons to the Buddhist Diamond Sutra, each character 50 cm illustrate the friendly contact between China and other high. deep canyons formed by a major river. A variety of give birth, and by the first week in March, all calves countries. unusual geological formations is found here, with have been produced and courting begins anew with Criteria: (iii), plus cultural criteria many vegetation types — dry coniferous forest, wood spectacular chases and matings. By May, the whales Criteria: (ii), plus cultural criteria land, chaparral, and desert — associated with them. The have left their breeding grounds and returned north. area has been designated a Biosphere Reserve. There While a few calves may be born in the open sea off the may be possibilities of forming an international World coast of California, the lagoons of Baja California 6. Name of p1,operty: WENCHUN WOLONG Heritage Site with Mexico in this area. provide their major breeding sites. NATURE RESERVE (Sichuan Province) Country: China Criteria: (ii), (iii) Criteria: (iv) 3. Name of property: CHANGBAISHAN NATURE RESERVE (Kirin Province) Universal significance: This 200,000 ha reserve is famous as the habitat of the endangered giant panda. Country: China The evergreen broadleaf forest, mixed deciduous and Universal significance: This 220,000 ha reserve evergreen broadleaf forest, sub-alpine coniferous forest, contains deciduous broad leaf forest, mixed coniferous alpine bush. and alpine meadow also provide habitat and deciduous broad leaf forest, sub-alpine coniferous for other endangered species such as takin and golden forest, elfin woodland, and alpine tundra. The site monkey. Located on the boundary of the sub-tropical contains a healthy population of the northeastern form and temperate regions of China, this reserve contains of the tiger, plus plentiful prey species, such as sika a number of species from both zones, including several (leer. With the forest-covered volcanoes, crater lakes. endemic species and economically valuable plants. waterfalls and hotsprings. this is an outstanding scenic This area was covered in ice during the Pleistocene eserve as well as an important habitat of endangered epoch, so the landscape shows evidence of past species of plants and animals. glaciation. The site is a Biosphere Reserve. Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) Criteria: (iii), (iv)

16 17 MAP 2. OUTSTANDING NATURAL AREAS OF THE PALAEARCTIC REALM 31. Scottish Highlands e. lchkeul National Park (Tunisia) 32. Central European Highlands f. St. Kilda National Nature Reserve (United Kingdom) 33. Balkan Highlands g. Cairngorms National Nature Reserve (United Kingdom) BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCES OUTSTANDING NATURAL SITES 34. Caucaso-Iranian Highlands h. Sikhote-Alinsky State Reserve (USSR) I. Chinese Subtropical Forest A. Choukoutien (China) 35. Altai Highlands i. Kandalakcha State Reserve (USSR) 2. Japanese Evergreen Forest B. Mogad Grottoes (China) 36. Pamir-Tian-Shan Highlands j. Kara-Bojaz Gol (USSR) 3. West Eurasian Taiga C. Changbaishan Nature Reserve (China) 37. Hindu Kush Highlands k. Badkhyzsky (USSR) 4. East Siberian Taiga D. Grottoes of Kweilin (China) 38. Himalayan Highlands 1. The Delta of the Amu Darya, on the Aral Sea (USSR) 5. Icelandian E. Mount Taishan (China) 39. Szechwan Highlands m. Chatkalsky State Reserve (USSR) 6. Subarctic birchwoods F. Wenchun Wolong Nature Reserve (China) 40. Macaronesian Islands n. Baikalsky and Darguzinsky State Reserves (USSR) 7. Kamchatkan G. The Three Gorges of the Yangtze (China) 41. Ryukyu Islands o. Plitvice Lakes National Park (Yugoslavia) 8. British Islands H. The Meridian Valleys (China) 42. Lake Ladoga p. Lake Ohrid Region (Yugoslavia) 9. Atlantic I. The Turfan Basin (China) 43. Aral Sea 10. Boreonemoral J. Ice Forests of Mt. Qomolangma (China) 44. Lake Baikal II. Middle European Forest K. Pieniny National Park (Czechoslovakia and Poland) 12. Pannonian L. Ras Muhammad (Egypt) 13. West Anatolian M. Decorated Grottos of the Vezere Valley (France) 14. Manchu-Japanese Mixed Forest N. Mont St. Michel and its Bay (France) 15. Oriental Deciduous Forest 0. Grand Paradiso/Vanoise National Parks (France and Italy) 16. lberian Highlands P. Camargue (France) 17. Mediterranean Sclerophyll Q. The Pyrenees (France and Spain) 18. Sahara R. Skaftafell National Park (Iceland) 19. Arabian Desert S. Abruzzo National Park (Italy) 20. Anatolian-Iranian Desert T. Akan National Park (Japan) 21. Turanian U. Nikko National Park (Japan) 22. Takla-Makan-Gobi Desert V. Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park (Japan) 23. Tibetan W. Nemegetu Basin (Mongolia) 24. Iranian Desert X. Sagarmatha National Park (Nepal) 25. Arctic Desert Y. Bialowieza National Park (Poland) 26. Higharctic Tundra Z. Delta of the Danube Reserve (Romania) 27. Lowarctic Tundra a. Asir National Park (Saudi Arabia) 28. Atlas Steppe b. Coto Donana National Park (Spain) 29. Pontian Steppe c. Swedish Lapland (Sweden) 30. Mongolian-Manchurian Steppe d. Bernese Oberland (Switzerland)

18 19 7, Nnw property: II II II ( Of: i IRII OR( HS which extend a total of 193 kilometres from Fenjie in Yangtse, Mekong, and Selween rivers have survived 12. Name of property: RAS MUHAMMAD I Ill VAN( ‘I’tI (Sichuan/lltipeh) the west to Yichang in the east. this upheaval, forming deep channels through the new Country: Egypt (‘ountry: (‘hina Criteria: (iii) mountains. The mountains have provided an incredi significance: Located at the southern tip Universal significance: ble laboratory for evolution of plants, with over 600 Universal The 6,300 km Yangtze of the Sinai Peninsula, Ras Mahammad extends into River, the longest in China and one species of rhododrendrons having been described for of the longest in 8. Name of property: THE MERIDIAN the Red Sea, where a northern arm of Africa’s great the world, sweeps from west VALLEYS the area. to east through eight (Sichuan Province) is a depth of over 2,000 provinces and one municipality; Rift Valley submerged to when it reaches the Criteria: (i), (ii) metres. This subterranean depth traps sediment and silt eastern Sichuan Basin in Country: China southwest China, it cuts where they are not agitated by currents, resulting in through the Wushan Mountains 9. Name of property: THE TURFAN BASIN bordering Sichuna and Universal significance: This site contains an remarkably transparent waters. This is the site of some Hupeh provinces where the (Sinkiang Province) river course suddenly extraordinary geological formation, including deep of the most spectacular coral reefs in the world, with narrows and the waters become turbulent. Sheer cliffs valleys where three of Asia’s largest rivers are found Country: China the great depth providing unmatched diversity in and steep mountains rise on either side, creating one within a distance of 200 kms. The geological process marine life forms. Crocodile fish, moray eels, lion fish, of nature’s most fantastic sights: the Universal significance: The 50,000 square kilo Three Gorges of of continental drift forced these rivers closer together a wide range of star fish and marine worms, and an the Yangtze — metre Turfan Basin is set deep in the Tianshan the Qutang, the Wuxia, and Xiling — as India collided with the Asian continent; the Mountain Range, where it presents a changing panor amazing variety of corals make up what may be the ama of deserts, gorges, sand dunes and wooded oases; world’s most spectacular underwater landscape. in the centre of the depression is Aydingkol (Moon Criteria: (ii), (iii), (iv) light) Lake, 152 sq km in size and containing large ilIorsasok,i1/ GIa(j(’r, Ska/talell National Park, Iceland. (Photo: WWF) amounts of crystalline salt, copper, and other minerals. 13. Name of property: DECORATED GROTTOES Once an international trading centre and link in the OF THE VEZERE VALLEY (elected WHS 1978) cultural interfiow between China and the West, Turfan Country: France is the site of many ancient tombs, Buddhist grotto art and ruins of ancient cities; 14 major cultural sites and Universal significance: Over 100,000 years ago relics are under government protection, among which prehistoric man settled in the Vézere river valley, is the ancient city of Gaochang, built at the beginning where they lived from hunting, fishing and gathering. of the first century. In the past 100 years, chance discoveries and scientifi cally organized excavations have brought to light a rich Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii), plus cultural criteria harvest of remains from the rock shelters and caves where these people lived. Some 150 deposits studied 10. of ICE FORESTS Name property: OF MT. flint tools as QOMOLANGMA (Tibet Province) so far have already yielded over 500,000 well as fossil remains of the Cro-Magnon people who Country: China were living here. This area provides the world’s best Universal significance: Mt. Qomolangma, known example of an extinct human culture which was living as Sagarmatha on its southern slopes in Nepal (where off nature’s bounty. The caves are also of universal it is already a World Heritage Site), also has spectacular value in showing some of the world’s earliest art work, scenery on its Tibetan slopes. Most interesting are the including engraved (at Les Combarelles) and painted ice forests, made up of tower-like ice and snow (at Lascaux and Fordde-Gaume), shedding new light formations known scientifically as “seracs”. They on the origins of art, and clearly demonstrating that cover a vast area from 5,300 to 6,300 metres elevation, nature was the primary focus of the early artist. forming the world’s most developed and best-preserved Criteria: (ii), plus cultural criteria ice and snow structure. The ice towers assume fantastic shapes: majestic needles or sabres jutting into the sky; 14. Name of property: MONT ST. MICHEL AND a seal resting on a pillar; a sitting giant panda to greet ITS BAY (elected WHS 1979) the visitor. These ice seracs are as clear as crystal and as sparkling as gems. Country: France Criteria: (ii), (iii) Universal significance: In ancient times, this rocky islet off the Normandy coast was a Celtic place of 11. Name of property: PIENINY NATIONAL PARK worship. Then, in the 8th Century, an oratory dedicated to St. Michael, the archangel, was estab Country: Czechoslovakia and Poland lished, followed by an abbey. Later Gothic age Universal significance: This 5,000 ha site is constructions expanded the buildings, followed by a dominated by the Dunajec River, carving through steep period of decline; then, during the past 100 years, narrow ravines and mighty precipices, surrounded by restoration has brought splendour back to this monu wooded slopes. The climate is uniquely warm for a site ment, which is an outstanding example showing the this far north, and the area was untouched by the balance between a geological site and human architec glaciers of the Pleistocene epoch. The ancient moun ture. tains, well over 60 million years old, were incised by Criteria: (iii), plus cultural criteria the Dunajec about 15 million years ago, forming a spectacular 9 km long valley. The mountains are 15. Name of property: GRAND PARADISO/VAN entirely covered in lush and diverse deciduous forests OISE NATIONAL PARKS of spruce, fir, larch, beech, elm, lime, maple, aspen, and ash, a result of the warm climate and favourable Country: France and Italy soil conditions; among the 1,100 vascular plants are Universal significance: This area of the Franco several endemic and rare species. One hundred species Italian Alps covers over 200,000 ha of wild nature, of birds have been recorded, along with a rich including a number of peaks of over 3,000 metres mammalian fauna; particularly noteworthy are the including Grand Paradiso (4,O6lm) and Mont Blanc bats, with 14 species recorded, an indication of the (4807m). This alpine area is excellent habitat for warm climate of the area. chamois and alpine ibex, with well over 10,000 Criteria: (iii), (iv) chamois and perhaps as many as 5,000 ibex; the area

20 21 I time when 1-fomosapiens was evolving into his present form. Over 200 species of flowering plants occur, including birch, willows, and a wide range of grasses and mosses. Being an oceanic island, Iceland has few species of native terrestrial mammals — only the Arctic fox — but the bird fauna is extremely rich, including skuas, gulls, and many others. Criteria: (i), (ii)

19. Name of property: ABRUZZO NATIONAL PARK Country: Italy Universal significance: This 30,000 ha site is located in the central part of the Apennine mountain chain, dominated by three mountain peaks of over 2,000 metres in the southeastern portion of the park. The beech forests of the park are among the most magnificent in Europe, many of them over 500 years old. The area is notable for providing an important habitat for brown bear, with a population of about 100; chamois, with a population of about 300; and wolf with a population of 15-20. The first two have endemic subspecies within the park. Red deer, roe deer, and wild boar were reintroduced beginning in 1971, after having been exterminated by human activity. Criteria: (iii), (iv) 20. Name of property: AKAN NATIONAL PARK (Hokkaido) Thvan,ç’hothc’ Alo,iasteri’ and left. Evere.rt, Sagarnatha National Country: Japan Park, Nepal. (Photo peter Jackson. WWF Mt. Fuji, Japan, from the shore of Shi:u-ljra. (Photo; National Parks Association of Japan, JUCN Universal significance: This 87,000 ha site in eastern Hokkaido is a volcanic area in the sub-Arctic which contains a human population of about 15,000 22. Name of property: FUJI-HAKONE-JZU Ainu, the aboriginal inhabitants of Japan. Two of the NATIONAL PARK (Honshu) provides an outstanding example of how endangered 17. Name of property: THE PYRENEES volcanoes, Me-Akan and Atosanupuri, are active. The area contains a number of scenic lakes, including the Country: Japan species can be brought back to significant population Country: France and Spain levels. While much of the area is fully protected, there fantastically crystal-clear Lake Ashu, whose transpar Universal significance: This complex of 4 pro is a very large buffer zone where shepherds and farmers Universal significance: This site in the central ency of over 40 metres is considered the deepest water tected areas totals over 120,000 ha and is dominated continue to live in a traditional style. Pyrenees includes approximately 20,000 ha, centred visibility in the world. Lake Okan has a unique by one of the world’s most famous mountains: Fuji around the Valle de Ordesa National Park in Spain and freshwater plant, the marino or bol weed, a deep green Yama, an important feature in the religious, social, and (iii), (iv), criteria Criteria: (ii). plus cultural several nature reserves in France. Located high in the algae, which forms velvety spherical structures 5 to 8 artistic life of Japan. With magnificent forests, scenic Pyrenees, this spectacular area is a typical mountain cm in diameter, growing at the bottom of the lake. lakes, hot springs, and lava flows, this is one of the glaciated landscape, with waterfalls, lakes, and glacier- Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) plus cultural criteria world’s most popular protected areas, with up to 15 16. Name of property: CAMARGUE carved valleys. It provides an important habitat for million visitors per year. brown bear, as well as chamois, ibex and a number of Country: France 21. Name of property: NIKKO NATIONAL PARK Criteria: other European species. Among the many species of (Honshu) and Egyptian Universal significance: This area of about 20,000 birds are the lammergeier, grison vulture, Country: Japan 23. Name of property: NEMEGETU BASIN ha contains the Camargue Zoological and Botanical vulture, and golden eagle. Vegetation extends from the Reserve and several adjacent protected areas. A deciduous forest at the lower levels, up to coniferous Universal significance: This area of 140,000 ha in Country: Mongolia synthesis of natural and man-made wetlands, marshes, fir and pine forest and alpine meadows with rhodo northern Honshu is a harmonious blending of natural Universal significance: This 100 km long site lagoons, meadows, and heath, this delta land is still in dendrons and other typical alpine vegetation. and artificial features, providing an ideal Japanese contains the most important dinosaur grave yards in landscape. The most important cultural site is the the process of creation, changing its appearance Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii) (iv) Central Asia, yielding large numbers of a wide variety through the buildup of sediments carried from the Alps Toshugu shrine dating from 1634-1636; it is sur of dinosaur species; one expedition found nearly 120 down to the Camargue by the Rhone river. With a rounded by a vast area of mountains, lakes, and tons of fossil bones. The bones were laid down during combination of fresh, brackish, and salt water, this volcanoes, including four extinct volcanoes of over the Cretaceous period along a major river, surrounded important wetland provides a very wide range of 2,000 metres elevation; a fifth volcano, Mt. Arsu, is by ponds and lakes and a broad delta some 40 km in habitats, including eight main terrestrial biotopes. It is still active. The landscape is still rapidly evolving, with width; this seni-aquatic habitat was an ideal NATIONAL environ a very important habitat for birds, including 7 species 18. Name of property: SKAFTAFELL an excellent system of lakes, swamps, and grassy plains ment for the support of a large population of dinosaurs. which breed only here in France; the most spectacular PARK which were lakes in the fairly recent past. Natural Criteria: (i), (ii) of these is the flamingo. In addition, the area is an Country: Iceland deciduous forests are found at lower elevations, giving winter habitat for migratory birds, with up way to Japanese species of conifers and finally alpine important Universal significance: This 500,000 ha area in 24. Name of property: SAGARMATHA to 200,000 ducks spending the cold months in the meadows. There is also an outstanding artificially Southeastern Iceland is a living glacial refugium, NATIONAL PARK (elected WHS 1979) Camargue. While there are relatively few wild mam planted cedar forest over 300 years old, leading up to on three sides by Europe’s largest glacier, mals, there are semi-wild cattle and white horses which surrounded the historical shrines at Toshugu. Mammal species in Country: Nepal but providing an excellent habitat where plants and a attraction. The area is a Biosphere the site include the endangered Japanese serow, plus provide special live at the margin of an inland ice held. These Universal significance: This site of 124,000 ha and holds the European Diploma. animals the Japanese black bear and Japanese macaque. Reserve conditions are similar to those that were typical in encloses the southern slopes and approaches to the Criteria: (ii), (iii) many parts of Europe during the last glacial period, the Criteria: (i), (iii), (iv), plus cultural criteria world’s highest mountain, the 8848m Mt. Everest or

22 23

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mountain

significance:

site

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Sjaunja,

of

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called

spectacular)

of

site

deep

is

Alps,

Europe.

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by

criteria

OBERLAND

and

Lapland’s

superb,

contains

and

C4

valleys,

trails,

linx,

(4158m),

valleys,

fauna

Finsteraarhorn

criteria

elk),

with

animals

and

villages

Wetterhorn

The

peat

bear,

Falls).

with

chair-lifts,

spectacu

railroad.

meadow, domestic

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[1

25 F 31. Name of property: ICHKEUL NATIONAL 34. Name of property: SIKHOTE-ALINSKY STATE PARK (elected WHS 1979) RESERVE (Russian S.F.S.R.) Country: Tunisia Country: USSR . vv Universal significance: This site is north Africa’s Universal significance: This 31,000 ha site on the most important wetland, providing an important eastern flank of the Sikhote-Alinsky range on the coast habitat to hundreds of thousands of resident and of the Sea of Japan is a dissected mountainous area migratory birds. From November to February, when covered with broad leaved mixed forest at the lower most other north African wetlands are dry, Ichkeul elevations and various pine and spruce fir forest taking provides an important habitat for vast numbers of birds over higher up, to be replaced by mountain tundra at which breed during the summer in Europe. These the highest elevations. A plant of particular interest in include 100,000 pochard and widgon, more than the reserve is ginseng. The site provides a mixture of 180,000 coot, 9,000 greylag geese, 5,000 teal and Siberian and Chinese-Himalayan mammals, including shoveller, 2,000 pintail and tufted duck, and lesser wolf, Himalayan black bear, brown bear, sable, numbers of a further 7 species of ducks. As the great leopard, and Siberian tiger; in the coastal waters are lake at Ichkeul is at sea level, it is alternately freshwater Stellar’s sealion, and harbour and ringed seal. and seawater, depending on the amount of rainfall that Criteria: (iii), (iv) feeds the surrounding hills and rivers which drain into the lake. This ecological process makes the Ichkeul site 35. Name of property: KANDALAKCHA STATE extremely productive for fish, invertebrates, and RESERVE (R.S.F.S.R.) aquatic plants, supporting the very significant popula tions of birds. Country: USSR Criteria: (ii), (iii), (iv) Universal significance: This 180,000 ha reserve comprises an archipelago of 53 islands in the Kanda lakcha Bay of the White Sea, a number of islands in the Berents Sea, and the Lapland reserve on the Kola Peninsula; both tundra and taiga habitats are well 32. Name of property: ST. KILDA NATIONAL represented. This desolate reserve is covered in NATURE RESERVE low-growing vegetation, lakes, swamps, and peat bogs; seemingly devoid of life, there are in fact many species Country: United Kingdom of mammals and birds, including moose, bears, Universal significance: These islands, totalling wolverines and beavers. The birds are abundant in 852 ha in area, are mountaintops emerging out of the summer, and the area is a northern terminus for many Atlantic Ocean some 72 km west of the Outer migratory species. Hebrides. The islands have probably been one of the Criteria: (ii), (iii) Atlantic’s greatest seabird colonies for tens of thou sands of years. Among the most notable birds are the 36. Name of property: KARA-BOJAZ GOL (Turk- Loch an E,lan, Cairngor,ns National Nature Reserve, United gannets, whose 45,000 pairs comprise about 57% of men SSR) Kingdom. (Photo. Robert M. Adam, W[VF the world’s total; puffins, fulmars, guillemots, kitti wakes, shearwaters, petrels, skuas and many species of Country: USSR another unique plant is the ferula, gulls are also present. There is also one endemic species This bay adjacent to the which attains its full 39. Name of property: CHATKALSKY STATE Universal significance: growth within 6 weeks in spring of mammal, the St. Kilda long-tailed field mouse, as time then withers away RESERVE (Uzbek SSR) Caspian Sea is one of the world’s most extraordinary for 6 to 9 years until it well as soay sheep, which are now wild, but are based suddenly bursts into bloom, phenomena. The 145 km wide bay lies about 3 metres launching its seeds into the wind; having Country: USSR on an obscure domestic form. This site is a Biosphere below its parent sea, so water continuously rushes from completed its life cycle, the plant then dies away. The area is Universal significance: Reserve. the Caspian in what is widely considered to be the only also of This 35,000 ha site com outstanding geological interest, with the 500 prises the three western salt water in rapids are 100 metre- spurs of the Chatkalsky range Criteria: (iii), (iv) rapids the world; the about deep Er-Oylan-Duz depression of the Tien Shan metres wide. Located in the desert stretching some 25 mountains east of Tashkent. Ranging of Turkmenistan, kms, with jet black mountains from 1000-4000 Kara-Bojaz water faster than the Caspian falling sharply to a m, these mountains of debonian, the boils off gleeming white salt lake surrounded permian, carboniferous can supply it, providing one of the world’s most saline by grotesque age are steep and deeply cut by jutting rock formations. precipitous valleys. Typical bodies of water; the water’s 35% mineral content is forest types are junipers (three species), and lethal to most forms of life, and the shoreline is covered Criteria: (ii), (iii), (iv) deciduous forests with reasonably 33. Name of property: CAIRNGORMS NATIONAL diverse flora. The area provides an important habitat NATURE RESERVE in sodium sulphate as a result of the water’s evapora for the tion. 38. Name of property: THE DELTA OF THE AMU endangered snow leopard and contains other Country: United Kingdom DARYA, ON THE ARAL SEA (Uzbek SSR) rare species such as the endemic menzbier’s marmot Criteria: (iii) and Siberian ibex. Universal significance: This 26,000 ha site in Country: USSR Scotland’s Grampian Mountains is a high barren Criteria: (i), iv) Universal significance: Once one of the largest expanse of granite which has escaped the 37. Name of property: BADKHYZSKY (Turkmen mountains rivers in Central Asia, the Amu Darya is still effects SSR) a major of man. Much of the reserve is covered in river which extends 2,500 km from the Hindu Kush 40. Name of property: BAIKALSKY AND DARGU Caledonian forest, the type which covered much of the Country: USSR to the Aral Sea. With two flood periods (one in spring ZINSKY STATE RESERVES (Russian S.F.S.R.) highlands but was mostly destroyed by the end of the Universal significance: This 88,000 ha site at the from falling snow, the, other later in summer from Country: USSR 1700s. Of particular interest among the mammals is southernmost tip of Turkmenistan is the best habitat melting of mountain glaciers), the river carries twice the small herd of reindeer which has been introduced as Universal for a wide range of desert fauna, including gazelles, wild much alluvium as the Nile. The sediment load has significance: These sites together com from Sweden, bringing back a species which once prising some 430,000 ha goats, and some 1000 wild asses; the wild asses were helped to force the river to change its course, as it once include the world’s deepest occurred in Scotland, but was wiped out by human nearly extinct when the reserve was established, but tbe flowed into the Caspian Sea. The Delta lake, Lake Baikal, and surrounding country. The activities has unique mountainous several hundred years ago. A number of population has now recovered to a productive level. riverine forests, known as “tugai”, which are composed section is almost inaccessible, being very species of birds rare in the UK occur in the reserve, deeply dissected, Forty-eight mammal species have been reported of dense reeds, trees and shrubs; this vegetation is with numerous glacial cirques and including the Scottish crested tit, Scottish crossbill, often lakes, the sources including wild pigs, hyaenas, wolves, honey badgers impenetrable, but it offers a useful habitat to a number of mountain torrents. The climate is snow bunting, ptarmigan, and many others. and caracal. The vegetation is also of extreme interest, of species of animals. severe, with 210 days below freezing point per year. There is a wide range of forest types, taiga, tundra, and Criteria: (iii), (iv) with broad savannas dotted with pastacio trees; Criteria: (i), (ii) peaty meadows. The fauna is extremely rich including

26 27

some

years

41. far seal

quarters race mammals;

and the

broached chain among reserves.

example

Baikal

high. lakes Korona

28

the

lake,

Criteria:

NATIONAL

Country: in

Name

Universal

of

contains

This

of

220

old;

descend

oldest

the

is

musk

limestone

river

some

of

of

the

by

including

world,

notable

the

species

natural

landscape

as

lake

of

deer,

world’s

waterfalls

(i),

in

Yugoslavia

20

a

a

significance:

1200

in

fifth

Queresha

(ii),

result

lakes

in

property:

the

PARK

and the

architecture

steps among

of

the

entire

species

(iii),

deepest

endemic

of

of

sable,

birds,

and

dolomite

world,

of

that

stone

the

separated

(elected

(iv)

these

emerald this

suddenly

genera

The

of

and

are

and

world’s

lake,

PLIT

at

animals

and

Baikal

in

great

is

site

often

reindeer.

least

rock

movement.

WHS

over

the

and

water some

VICE

green

by

is

pauses

some

total

age

hairseal,

only

over

are

an

formation,

even

40

natural

1978)

1.5

pools.

was

Baikal

outstanding

some

endemic

25

freshwater

species

freshwater

LAKES

20

to

km

Weaving

families.

built

million

a

form

metres

These

three

dams

local

deep

is

the

by

by

of

to

a

been

living

carbonate.

lakes

42.

being oldest

have transparent

constitute from

species

traces of

back Eurasian

of

the

the

Criteria:

Country: Name

(elected

Universal

Criteria:

encrusted

springs

scarcely grow

without

isolated

organisms;

last

of

lake’s

lakes

of

human

continent

remnants

an

The

about

of

to

snail

in

sponges WHS

and

(ii),

animal

(i), changed

a

Yugoslavia

from

a

significance:

property:

the

break

cave-pitted

and

settlement

depth

contain

(ii),

1

(iii)

mosses,

and

1979)

cm

world.

other

of

fossilized

before

life are

(iii),

to

the

since

of

higher

certain

Neolithic

which unique,

living

at

lake

LAKE

ancient

plus

algae

Its

along

natural

least

Lake

the

the

warm

each

and

by

cultural

fossils,

is

species

Pleistocene

and

the

Ice

and

20

considered

deposits

OHRID

aquatic

Ohrid

river

times.

year.

dams

metres,

lake

dark

bacteria

Ages.

along

creatures

criteria

systems.

of

which is

between

region

blue

of

with

REGION

one

There

era

fish,

are

to

have

calcium

waters,

stretch

be

began,

drawn

which

of

many

of

Some

they

one

the

the

the

are

all

I

)

be

be

semi-arid

human combination

prises

3.

(at

site

pesticide a as

populations

internal

hippo, wetland.

it

permanent 2.

one

works o

conditions

long-extinct at

rhino, as

dependent

herders, rock

Tassili

shows

humans stones

of

Pre-Cambrian

1.

nment.

species

is

well

zoned

subdivided

species

a

this

least

Criteria:

GAME

Country:

Universal

Name

Criteria:

comparable

of

Country:

Criteria:

Universal

Name

Universal

NATIONAL

Country:

Name

cost

is

engravings

the

are

forming

5,280,000 sitatunga,

as

relationships

groups

giraffe);

now

site

region

which

knew

drainage.

It

of

for

spraying

of

several

migratory

which

richest

of

has of upon

source

in

of

conditions

very

$6

RESERVE of

conservation.

relationship

are

(ii),

in

(ii),

of

property:

(ii),

Botswana

outstanding

for

Botswana

this

seriously

Algeria

such

significance:

outstanding

(the

significance:

its

crystalline

significance:

property:

million).

may “forests

was

Africa

only

restricted

water

more

have

of

(iii),

sable,

livestock,

(iii),

source

and

faunas (iii), thousand

of

property:

part

PARK

aimed

hectares,

It

Kalahari

conditions

birds

water

have outstanding

to

considerably

to

supports,

plus

(iv)

been

plus

(such

paintings

of

OKAVANGO

recent

of

of

roan,

Sudan’s

prehistoric

threatened

in

in

and

between

at

and,

formations

helped

(nominated

CENTRAL

the

in

rocks”.

interest

distribution

animal

interest,

cultural

the

but cultural

southern

extinct

This

The

eradicating

This

years

as

the

Bushmen).

and

elephant,

III.

Sahara.

in

TASSILI

is

Angola

hippopotamus),

paintings

a hunting-and-gathering

among

Sudd

midst

geological

revealed

inland

particular,

bring

which

scenic

large

game

The

man

contains

species

in

(buffalo,

from

such

criteria

more

THE

criteria

periods

by Africa,

and

demonstrating

WHS

as

The

of

highlands,

portion elsewhere. DELTA

flora

about

KALAHARI

and

and

delta

the

many

It

reserve

the

interest,

as

show

an

arid

endosulphan

eroded

by

show

moist;

N’AJJER

adapted

is

slaty

ancient

formations

important AFROTROPICAL

waterfowl

crocodile,

tse-tse

and

forming his

region

1981)

when

the

the

elephant,

likely

habitats;

supports

the

should

others,

species

as

envir

egret,

com

many

cattle

fauna

sand

drier

with

best

The

with

well

that

the

fly

art

for

to

to

a

a

wild extreme

terrestrial

7.

birth

toad

toads).

of

montane m,

in tares

endemic

Pleistocene 6.

Reserve.

of shifting

ha,

Pygmy

lowland

protected

periods. tain. animals;

5. “World periods often

Cameroon, an

4.

14

lands,

dense

the

to

this

outstanding

Country:

Universal

Name is

Criteria:

species

Country:

WHS

NATURE

Universal

Criteria:

Name

and

Country:

Criteria:

Name

Universal

Country:

Universal Name

which

between

to

montane

clearly

It

world’s

a

with

cultivators

live

semi-deciduous

large

hunting

gorilla

flora

rugged

long,

was

savanna. and

Heritage

geological

It

focal

22

1980)

of

and

of

of

occurs

of

REALM

would

a

and

of

forest

young

property:

(ii),

species

subspeciated)

Ethiopia

(ii),

most property:

(ii),

Guinea,

a

and

tract property:

Cameroon

a

Cam

high

the

significance:

significance:

significance:

point

significance:

and

iron-rich

forest

its

property:

country,

primates,

RESERVE

Pleistocene representative

source

another

(iii),

societies.

(iii),

(iii),

An

fauna.

in

three

in

eroon

threatened

arid

of

degree

forests

(rather

chimpanzee.

qualify

refuge,

importance,

for

the of

amphibian

rich

Danger”

lowland

(iv)

Ivory (iv),

(iv)

and

THE

will

DJA

MT.

forest,

birds

new

countries,

of

The

with

montane

29

mountain

in

of

including

than

Djibouti

plus

MT.

are

This

populations

The Mt.

with

for

soon

The

colonizers

Coast

(Guinea

Comprising

AFAR

forest

FOREST CAMEROON

oceans

birds

epiphytes.

lower

endemism

biomes.

deserts

are

giving

tropical

of

list,

being

cultural

Cameroon

consideration

laying

site,

of

It

site

Afar

lose

NIMBA

a

the

found

and

savannas

the

is

special

have

Mt.

refuge

slopes

TRIANGLE

as

in

remarkably

covering

also

way,

are

below

the

portion

It

its

is

eaten

Guinean

Triangle

the

RESERVE

Liberia

eggs

rainforest,

it

world’s

during

contains

Nimba

on

The

criteria

of

value.

isolated

a only

inhabited

18,000

covered

are

above

is

interest

endangered

making.

during

(4070

the

STRICT plants

Biosphere

sea

like

and

away

summits

not

covered

526,000

elected for

on

moun

was

wetter

level,

High

is gives

some

most

only

1000

m)

hec

rich (and

now

one

is

and

Mt.

dry

the

29

of

by

A by

in

a

a is

towering

discoveries the

based and

other;

system

8.

tares

30

endangered

woods, Africa,

habitat

CH

AR

Afar

L

Criteria:

Country:

NATIONAL

Universal Name

Red 55

contains

on

THE BIOGEOGRAPHICAL

OUTSTANDING

S. and

—

running

heath

with PAPP

of

region

escarpments,

the

I

Sea

the of

it

AFROTROPICAL

of

and

geology

cliffs

is

the

(ii),

forest

Ethiopia

the

rifts,

23

significance:

is

endemic

down

the property:

‘U

the

processes

(iii)

endemic

PARK

most

1500

northern

which

and

meeting

of eastern

NATURAL

fissures,

dramatic

the

metres

montane

Simien

(elected

PROVINCES

of

are

SIMIEN

Afar

REALM

Walia

This

Africa.

point

terminal

plate

volcanoes,

perpendicular

AREAS

high

fox,

Triangle.

mountain

moorland park

WHS

tectonics

of

Ibex.

Many

inhabited

the

MOUNTAINS

and

of

of I

AND

OF

1978)

GulfofAden

the

22,500

The

and

the

of

scenery

have

is

great

the

to

also

craters,

Gelada

by

alpine

basic

been

each

hec

rift

the

the

in

400

9. baboon

during throughout

during 330,000

site land

World endemic

Reserve.

Criteria:

(nominated

Country:

species

Name

Universal

Criteria:

would

rainforest

dry

the

Heritage

is

ha

plants,

I

also

periods,

of

park

qualify moist

of

the

(iii),

(ii),

Ivory

birds

significance:

endemic

property:

site

and

WHS

which

Pleistocene,

in

(iii),

(iv)

periods.

then

Coast

I

for

have

Danger.

supports

in

(iv)

1981)

has

to

all

consideration

acting

been

10

TAT

this

It

of

been

The

a

The

I

has

serving

West

recorded.

part

rich

as

NATIONAL

most

a

a

a

site

centre

3

fauna

of

centre

high

Africa,

Ethiopia.

important

for

as

is

21

/

as

a

of

diversity a

the

of

well.

Biosphere

evolution

refugium

Tai

dispersal

PARK

List

Some

This

low

is

of of

a

ancestors

ground

important

withstand

The

Teleki

island crocodiles

severely central

perch oryx;

tic

once elephants, Volcano,

and

10.

29.

28.

27.

26.

25.

24.

23.

22.

21.

20.

9.

18. 8.

19. 7.

16. 6. 4.

17.

14.

15. 13. 5. 3.

12. 2.

II.

10.

BIOGEOGRAPHICAL

MAP

1.

Criteria:

of

surrounding

Country: Lake Lake

Universal Lake

Lake Comores

Name Mascarere Ascension Central

South

East

South

Guinean

Ethiopian

Somalian

Cap

Karroo Namib Western

Kalahari

Eastern

South

Malagasy Congo

Malagasy

Miombo West Congo

Guinean

East

Malagasy

connected

Lake

and

is

3.

volcano

the

for

damaged

African

Scierophyll

island

OUTSTANDING

African

Nyasa

Tanganyika

Victoria

Turkana

a

have African

harbours

African

African

fossil

Woodland/Savanna

Rainforest

ambient

Province

superb

Province

buffalo,

African

a

of

Sahel

islands

in

Sahel

flamingoes.

Highlands

Turkana,

Islands Woodland/Savanna

Province

Rainforest

northern

Province Woodland/Savanna

Thorn

Rainforest

Highlands

and

(i), Islands

large

property:

Kenya

been

significance:

Highlands

Lake

Woodland/Savanna

beds

Woodland/Savanna

Province

with

Highlands

is

Woodland/Savanna

(ii), St.

Province

Suguta has

Highlands

by

and

Province

wilderness

Forest

the

of

population

Helena

northern

the

made.

temperatures

where

(iii),

local

Province

PROVINCES

the

a

Aldabra

Turkana

Lake

now

last

frontier

SIBILOI

NATURAL

species

Valley

In

main

Nile

(iv), Is.

fishermen)

faunal

discoveries

Turkana

alkaline

addition, Sibiloi,

topi,

area.

plus

and

of

is

breeding

(though

of

of

NATIONAL

an elements

Nile

AREAS

approaching

supports

Grevy’s

cultural

The

embracing

lizard

Kenya,

important

and

as

and

Sibiloi

of

crocodile.

well

uninhabitable

OF

isolated,

it

early

the

ground

characteris

which

zebra,

criteria

giant

THE

has

including

as

southern

protects

Central

nesting

human

PARK

Teleki

50’C.

AFROTROPICAL

been

Nile

The

can

was

and

t. j.

u. s.

q.

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o.

n.

m.

I.

k. i.

g. d.

h. f.

e. b.

a.

c.

Z. W.

Y.

X. U.

V.

T.

for S.

R. 0.

Q.

P. N.

M. J.

L.

G.

K. I.

H.

F. C.

E.

D. A.

B. OUTSTANDING

Victoria

Mana Garamba

Salonga

Luangwa

Virunga

Ruwenzori

East

Kahuzi-Biega Selous

Mt.

Mt.

Lake Serengeti Sanganeb

Ngorongoro The

Boma Umfolozi-Hluhluwe

Giant’s

Lake

Aldabra

Kruger

Karoo

Djoudj Etosha

Niokolo-Koba Gorongoza

Namib-Naukluft

Toalambiby,

Nyika Andohahela

Lake

Aberdare

Ankarafantsika

Perinet Tai

Mt. Simien

Sibiloi The

Central

Mt.

Dja Okavango

Mt. Tassili

Meru-Arusha

Kilimanjaro

and

Sudd

National

Cameroon

Kenya

Nimba

Forest

Afar

Tanganyika

St.

Aberdare

76,619

Malawi

Pools

Reserve. complex,

northern

lar

and

12.

several

tain

have Game

11.

Game

National

Desert

National National

National

National

Castle

N’Ajjer

National

Mountains

Forest

Falls Natinal

Kalahari

Strict

West

Lucia

Valley

National

National

Marine

(Sudan)

National

interest Triangle

National

Country:

Universal

Delta

Name

PARK

Criteria:

Reserve

glaciers,

PARK National

Universal Country: National

Name

National

in

Conservation Strict

REALM

developed

Reserve Strict

Reserve

Ampasambazimea,

and

National

National

(South

Park

Usambara Game

Nature

Reserve

National NATURAL

System

Africa,

endemic

(Cameroon) National

Nature

ha

National

Park

Park

(Tanzania)

Park

Park

Park

Park

Park

Park (Botswana)

slopes,

(Tanzania)

Mountains,

National

Zambezi Game

National

with

Nature

Park

Park

Nature

(Ivory

(Ethiopia

National

Park

(Cameroon)

of

in Game

of

Park

of

Africa) Park

Reserve

Park

Park (Sudan)

(Malawi)

(Zaire)

(Tanzania)

(Namibia) (Kenya)

(Senegal)

(South

Reserve

(Namibia)

(Zaire)

(South

with

(ii),

Park

Kenya

Park (Madagascar)

Reserve

the

Kenya

(Tanzania)

(Zaire)

property:

giant

property:

Park

significance:

Reserve

(Kenya)

Mt.

Forests

Park

montane Parks

(Uganda)

significance:

Coast) Reserve

Area

a

(Mozambique) (Kenya)

yet

(Zimbabwe)

Reserve

animals.

Park

Gorge Reserves

Park

SITES

(iii)

(Zaire)

alpine

(Malawi)

large

Park

and

adjacent

Africa)

(South

(Senegal)

Africa)

(Algeria)

Kenya

(Seychelles)

the

lobelias

(Tanzania)

(Zambia)

(Madagascar)

(Sudan)

much

(Tanzania)

(Tanzania)

and

(Botswana)

Djibouti)

(Zambia

(Ethiopia)

(Guinea,

(Madagascar)

number

mountain

(South

Africa)

zone.

MT.

Caves

ABERDARE

The

forests

(5,194

of

The

alpine

and

and

it

Africa)

Ivory

of

This

equator KENYA

The

over

of

groundsels

second

Androhomana

Zimbabwe)

has

and

m)

endemic

Coast

flora;

site

3000

park

is

permanent

runs

moors

highest and

is

NATIONAL

old

NATIONAL

vegetation

m.

a

Liberia)

of

plants

comprises

enough

Biosphere across

(Madagascar)

The

particu

in

moun

snow

area

and

the

the

31

to is 7% W A -t I. is very moist, with numerous streams cascading from ni .# a high moorland, and rolling ridges covered with tussock grass, heath, St. Johnswort, and others, down through bamboo and montane forest. Giant forest hog. bongo, and colobus monkeys live in the rainforest, with other typical African wildlife roaming throughout the I park. 4 Criteria: (iii), (iv) ‘?i::e ‘ ¶% 13. Name of property: ANKARAFANTSIKA F-. NATURE RESERVE Country: Madagascar I Universal significance: The foremost protected area of Madagascar, this reserve’s 60,520 hectares *: 4a -. I protects no less than 7 of the island’s 20 species of hi. ‘\‘/,nbn Sflf vn,iui-e I?est’,ic, GlllllL’n ((i/Sit iii linti’ (‘tell! (hid /z archaic prosimians as well as other wildlife species Li/er/n) (P/lilt - II1 ‘TI‘1”; SrPF endemic to Madagascar; notable among these are the Madagascan boa and iguana, whose nearest relatives ,4*,ç are to be found in South America rather than Africa. 1 Galapagos, and pygmy hippos have been found with Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) •• remains of extant lemurs and the humans who arrived on the island some 1500 years ago: this provides clear - 14. Name of property: PERINET FOREST evidence that the extinct forms, many of them giants, RESERVE formed part of the human history of the island. 6’., . .w.: .3. Country: Madagascar Criteria: (i), (0), plus cultural criteria - 4 Universal significance: Perinet is the best remain ing example of Eastern Malagasy Rainforest and 17. Name of property: LAKE MALAWI NATIONAL contains no less than nine species of lernur inhabiting a PAR K wide range of habitats, from forest to bamboo to Country: Malawi lakeside reedbeds: these include mouse lemur. fat- tailed dwarf lemur, lepilemurs, brown femurs. avahi. Universal significance: Lake Malawi contains by black-and-white ruffed lemurs. hapalemur, diademed far the largest number of species of fish of any lake in - 1 - —. sifaka, and indri. Unfortunately, the area is virtually the world: about 95 pcrcent of the fish are endemic. unprotected, the forests are being logged, and hunting including about 350 species of the family Cichlidae 4_ 4 is common; the area would qualify for the List of (roughly 30 percent of this family of economically “.. .‘*‘ World Heritage in Danger. important fish). Thc lake has a number of distinct habitats, including rocky shore, islands and reefs, river Criteria: (iv) estuaries, sandy and marshy lakeshores, shallow a shelving sand and mud-bottomed areas, and the 15. STRICT Name of property: ANDOHAHELA decpwater opcn lake. NATURE RESERVE Criteria: (ii) Country: Madagascar Universal significance: This reserve is of excep 18. Name of property: NYIKA NATIONAL PARK tional interest and importance in that it comprises two Country: Malawi entirely separate and widely contrasting zones, situated respectively to the east and west of the eastern Universal significance: Nyika covers 304,385 escarpment, only a few kilometres apart. Visiting the hectares of the Nyika plateau, a long ovoid of gently western sector of the reserve has been described as “like rounded granite alternated with blocks of sediments. a The plateau has a rather temperate climate in the midst t’t stepping back into the Triassic”, with its strange Didierea cactus-like forest which is considered as the of the tropics, allowing a somewhat more humid finest surviving example of this endemic family of environment which supports a rich and diverse fauna plants. The forest also harbours four species of lemurs. throughout the year. Crawshay’s zebra is an endemic two of which — the crowned sifaka and the lepilemur— subspecies; roan antelope sometimes form herds of 50; - . are endangered. The humid eastern section marks the and several endangered species have healthy popula southernmost limit of the Eastern Malagasy Rainforest. tions. Both forests are being damaged, and this site would Criteria: (iii), (iv) C qualify for the List of World Heritage in Danger. - _%,•. -‘ - ‘ Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) 19. Name of property: GORONGOZA NATIONAL PARK Country: Mozambique 16. Name of property: TOALAMBIBY. AMPASAM BAZIMEA, AND CAVES OF ANDROHO Universal significance: Gorongoza’s 377,000 ha - MANA comprises four different habitats: subtropical palm jungle; thorn scrub; wide, open grassland; and marshy ;,•, Country: Madagascar land teeming with waterholes. Minor habitats include Universal significance: Three of the most inipor gallery forests along riverbanks, lakes and pools. The tant sites where subfossil lemurs, aardvarks, elephant wildlife is typical for this part of Africa, with an birds, giant crocodiles, tortoises larger than those on outstanding attraction heing the “Acanipamento Vel - , :- ‘

32 Sitnien .l!ttiiiiltinis A,iii ‘iii! in, k, 1.1/ni/tin. P/info (ICOIC 6ersu’r. 11117•’) ‘Js ho”, a group of abandoned houses now occupied by large mammals, including elephants, white rhinos, plateaux of cave sandstone in which lions. Two species of crocodile occur, Nile and black rhinos, sable antelopes, occur rock shelters lions, and many others. used by the bushman artists as sites for long-snouted, and about 340 species of birds have been Over 400 species of birds their rock have been recorded. The paintings. Important fauna include the largest popula recorded. integrity of the site is threatened by coal mining. tion of eland in southern Africa and a significant Criteria: (ii), (iii), (iv) Criteria: (ii), (iii), (iv) proportion bf the nesting sites of the lammergeier. Vegetation communities are of great interest, ranging 20. Name of property: ETOSHA NATIONAL PARK from Podocarp us 26. forest and areas of [/Widdringtonia Name of property: KAROO DESERT (Cape cedars to open grasslands Country: Namibia Province) and alpine communities. Criteria: (i), (iii), (iv), plus cultural criteria Universal significance: This huge (2,227,000 ha) Country: South Africa conservation area is situated around the 1,000 million year old Etosha Pan, now a flat, saline depression of Universal significance: The Karoo Desert is 28. Name of property: LAKE ST. LUCIA SYSTEM 460,000 ha which floods during heavy rains. The salt composed of ancient sedimentary rocks of continental (Cape Province) pan desert then becomes a sanctuary for up to a million origin, with the layers of sediment beginning with Country: South Africa flamingoes of both African species, as well as thousands glacial tillites and ending with volcanic basalts, giving a Universal significance: of white pelicans, all of which breed there. The arid geological history of the past 200 million years. This large shallow sal twater lake and its environs savanna (420 mm annual precipitation) surrounding Volcanic pipes are characteristic. Many fossils of include St. Lucia Game Reserve, False Bay Park, Eastern the Pan provides ideal habitat for rare animal species, dinosaurs have been discovered. The vegetation is Shores Nature Reserve and St. Lucia Park, such as the the Hartmann’s Karoo Bush, a mixture of species derived from totalling 118,543 ha, of black-faced impala, the which over 30,000 ha mountain zebra, the roan antelope and the black rhino. tropics to the north and the subtropic Cape Bush to the consists of open water. It is a south. No specific site is suggested, unique area, with manifold scenic and scientifically Springbok, Burchell’s zebra, blue wildebeest, oryx and as a survey is important components. their attendant predators abound on the open plains, needed. Vegetation is varied, from aquatic macrophytes, Pap was, Phragmiies, mangroves while in the mopani, savanna elephant, giraffe, eland, Criteria: (i), (iii), (iv) and swamp forest, to dune forest and sand forest. It has greater kudu, red hartebeest and the unique Damara the largest dik-dik occur. concentrations of hippos, reedbuck and 27. Name of property: GIANT’S CASTLE GAME crocodiles in southern Africa and supports great Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) RESERVE (Natal) numbers of birds including several rare or threatened species. Substantial financial resources Country: South Africa have been 21. Name of property: NAMIB-NAUKLUFT PARK expended on maintaining the essential link between .11Ofls’(U)b’ Lu,nu,, flj’ .11a(/a’av(ar ‘ Un Ic’,nirs, (P/into J.—J. f Universal significance: lake and sea, through a long Country: Namibia Petter. 11 11‘F) Including an area of34,991 channel that had become ha, this reserve conserves an important section of the blocked through silting. Universal significance: This is the largest conser Great Escarpment, with towering basalt cliffs and vation area in Namibia (2,340,150 ha) and encom waterfowl. Over 2 million species make seasonal use Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) passes the spectacular Naukiuft mountains, the highest of the area, with pelicans a particular feature. sand dunes in the world at Sossusvlei; the riverine Criteria: (iii) Eii,i/,a Natio,,al Park, Namjbia. (Photo Do/der, WWF forest of the Kuiseb river in the heart of a desert; the vast, open, gravel plains of the Namib desert, and the 24. Name of property: ALDABRA STRICT haunting beauty of Sandvis lagoon on the desert coast. NATURE RESERVE (nominated WHS 1981) The Namib Desert is as dry as the Sahara, but much cooler, with moisture-laden fogs drifting inland. Furth Country: Seychelles (Note: The main islands of ermore, the seasonal prevalence of certain wind the Seychelles are included in the Indo-Malayan regimes carries a nutritious supply of detritus into the Realm.) “dune sea”. At the juncture of wind blown detritus and Universal significance: Some 400 km from the coastal fog a finely balanced and intricate food chain nearest mainland, this 19,000 ha reserve encompasses of species has formed the most varied biota of any the entire atoll and lagoon. Except for the personnel desert in the world. The high species endemism manning the research and meteorological stations, the includes many forms which are specially adapted for atoll is uninhabited, but it supports a population of survival under arid conditions. giant tortoises now estimated at 150,000, in addition Criteria: (iii), (iv) to a number of other endemic species and subspecies of animals and plants. One of the most remarkable of these is the flightless Whitethroated Rail, which is 22. Name of property: NIOKOLO-KOBA probably now the only survivor of several flightless NATIONAL PARK (elected WHS 1981) bird species, such às the dodo, which once inhabited Country: Senegal the islands of the Indian Ocean. Green turtles come ashore in larger numbers than anywhere else in the Universal significance: This 813,000 hectare Indian Ocean to lay their eggs, and the atoll protects national park is the largest in Senegal, containing the largest breeding population of frigate birds in the healthy populations of endangered species such as western Indian Ocean. The island has been called “the elephants, Derby’s eland, bubal hartebeest, leopard, most scientifically interesting coral atoll in the world and wild dog. Over 325 species of birds, 70 mammals, oceans”. and 35 reptiles have been recorded. The area has been a site of human occupation for at least 100,000 years. Criteria: (i), (iii), (iv) Criteria: .(iii), (iv) 25. Name of property: KRUGER NATIONAL PARK (Transval) 23. Name of property: DJOUDJ NATIONAL PARK Country: South Africa (elected WHS 1981) Universal significance: Created a Game Reserve Country: Senegal in 1898, Kruger covers 1,948,528 heutares and is the Universal significance: Djoudj is a 16,000 hectare largest protecte(1 area in South Africa. With a rich wetland which is a very important site for migratory mixture of habitats, the area supports a wide variety of

34 35

29.

to

gical

soils,

including

such major

Well

the

rivers

white

of

population

archaeological

30.

tropical

swamps,

source

vigorous

currently flow

white-eared rich

midst

31.

encloses 25

exposures,

spurs. important

ized

pollution outstanding

marine

32.

the

the

ble

33.

36 cultural/natural are

The of

individuals

96,453

the

km

Country:

GAME

Name

Universal

complex

Criteria:

Country:

Name

Universal

“last

Criteria:

to

Name

135,000 NATIONAL

Country:

white-eared

Universal

wildlife,

Criteria: by

the

Country:

Name

Universal

of

VATION

Country:

Criteria:

Name interesting

Universal

known

reasons.

rhinoceros importance,

and

of

great

of

and

topi),

northeast

Serengeti;

the

steep

Africa plant

Sudd

growth

savanna.

State

writing

environments.

three

unspoiled

under

by

ha

of

coral other

of

in

so

of

pillars

RESERVES

of

Nile,

of

kob.

beauty,

hectare

as

Ngorongoro

quite

South

(i).

property:

its

also

slopes

southern

(ii),

including Sudan

property:

Sanganeb and

property:

communities

(ii).

Sudan

have

(iii), With

significance:

served

land

property: Sudan sites

Tanzania

significance:

AREA

significance:

lagoons

from

the

significance:

property: construction,

significance:

reef

open-sea

elements

(ii),

paper

of

site

vegetation

kob of

survived,

with

(iii)

lt

however,

(iii)

PARK

for

but

maintains

in

different

represents

(iv)

between

exist

been

big swamp

Port

Africa

only

on

is

but area

varied

comprising

(iii).

game

the as

and

their

historical,

the

(elected

for

excess Africa.

an

all

game THE

waterbuck,

has

a

BOMA

of

(Natal)

IJMFOLOZI-HLIJHLUWE

Sudan.

within

NGORONGORO

is

translocated

The

area

in

(iv),

upper

barrier

location.

the

ancient

sides

Crater,

isolated as

effects

reserve,

and

also

different upper

SANGANEB

The

are

plants,

the a

the

from

topography,

the

types

The

SUDD

area

the

large

Ficus

The

are a

Sanganeb water

tiang

This plus

Valuable

in

extremely

WHS

area

two

from

which

the

migratory

protected

Red

GAME

The

greatest

conservation

some

geological

Nile.

to

Serengeti.

which

unpredictable.

of

of

parts;

largest

Boma Egyptians.

of

number

cultural

including

with

wet

is

reserve.

Nile

the reserves,

(a

whole

is

transpired svconiorus

Africa”,

the

Sea,

sizes,

atoll

which

is

1979)

scientific

often

810,000

in

It

exhibit

local

a

penetration

habitat

historical

RESERVE

of

the

Jongli

the

not

recent

regulates

Plateau,

Lechwe,

is

located

rainfall

its

diverse

black

from is

combination

species

MARINE

depths

all

and

of

criteria

CONSER

considered

complex,

character

subspecies

hundreds

the

outer

amounts

southern

compara Supports

papyrus,

flocks

different

terraces,

area

only

hectares.

African

by

biolo

coastal Canal. value.

in years,

along

rhino

with

some

most

and

and

with

and

here

and

the

the

rim the

of

of

of

of

unsurpassed flamingoes

with other

most

pastoralists have

herding

34.

tion million

black

son’s

million

one of

spectacles

35.

of

ha.

as

several

The

W

the

many

Miombo

WF)

Selous

Criteria:

Name

Country:

Universal

PARK

Criteria:

Country:

(nominated Name its

Universal

African

of

of

important

been

major

gazelles.

rhino,

giant

deep

wildebeest.

activities.

plains

World

hectares

the

plant

in

and

has

also

Eleohant,

of

of

(elected

for

made,

Woodland,

herds

most

craters,

and

lake.

the

(i),

(iii),

Tanzania

Heritage

Tanzania

property:

significance:

property:

the

animals

species

large

its

It

significance:

live

discoveries

WHS

(ii),

and

world.

five

also

beauty;

The

Olduvai

(iv)

largest

of

remarkable

300,000

the

in

is

WHS

population

(iii),

including

supports

wildebeest,

major

Sites.

the

n’orldc

as

site

contains

1981)

included

left

a

SELOUS

SERENGETI

the

population

(iv),

habitat

the

area,

1981)

is

Gorge,

Serengeti

(Photo

zebra,

in

of

predators.

largest

Covering

savannas

a

site

plus

the

the

Biosphere

carrying

man’s

and

the

of

2,700

zebra

type

also

in

and

GAME

land

where resident

greatest

world,

lain

cultural

Empakaai

inspiring

of

covers the

contains

which

900,000 early

further

animal,

elephants,

over

The

and

wildlife

Douglas—Ham

NATIONAL

on

many

Reserve.

site.

including

RESERVE

wildlife,

traditional

concentra

criteria

gazelles nearly

migration

ancestors

5

has

protected

north.

several

wildlife

Thom

million

Crater

typical

Masai

of

twice

200

the

J

1.5

i/ton,

is

is

2

It hr

* •

*

relatively

these

high

rainforest

39.

phants, wildlife

countryside. (though

the and

mountain

leopards

mountain in

of

most

doto. contrast

38. remnants

history

floral

visitors; this

Ngorongoro

miniature”. pristine

37. Zaire,

deepest

could

of ecosystem. an

most

metres

high Kungwe

Gombe largest

Mahale tration,

famous contains

36.

a

fact,

145

ideal

Country: chain.

Universal Name Criteria:

BARA

source Country:

Universal

Criteria:

Name

Country:

Criteria:

Universal NATIONAL Name

Shira

Country:

Criteria:

Universal Name

species

scenic

park

form

level

diversity,

important

also

The

Zambia,

species

it

buffalo,

formed

concentration

into

are

there

(sometimes

to lake. research

National

as

the

(2576

is

Stream

complement

Ngurdoto

100,000

small

left

can

is

of

Composed

of of

—

include

of

the

the

of

FORESTS the

has

of

park

well

mountain

of

Mt.

found a

Many but

crater

(ii),

Lake

that

diversity property:

Tanzania

property: one

(ii),

(ii),

Tanzania

property:

fish

(iii),

Tanzania

in

significance:

This

Tanzania

are

be

natural

significance: of

world’s

when

significance:

water m).

tropical

last

and

numerous

area.

the

significance:

property:

outstanding

woodland-savanna

Meru

without

eastern

(iii)

as

Strict elephants,

cichlid

(iii)

climbed

on

(iii),

also

PARK

of endemism,

hazardous Park,

were

(iv)

the

Lake

Tanganyika

on

montane

of

site

major has

Burundi

found Crater

4,500

the

chimpanzees,

Endemism

of the

of

for

to

tallest

as

(iv)

the

focal

sectors

(4,540

the

of MT.

includes

EAST

rainforests

LAKE

three

been

would

Nature

once

which

Tanganyika

this

Meru

Tanzania, fish.

the

well

human

most

antelope

much

without

areas

plants above

typical

Along

black

MT.

mountain,

Covering the

—

point

KILIMANJARO

mountain

forests

Kilimanjaro

grassy-savanna

climbs

species.

peaks

scenery,

described

This

including

m) of

as

It

sites

AND

caldera

a

TANGANYIKA

be

world’s

projects

spectacular

from

of

is

Reserve,

is the the

its

timberline).

of

gives

occupation

smaller

and

MERU-ARUSHA

with

rhinos,

of

African

most

surrounding

special

the

and

quite montane

—

plus

of

reserve,

offering site

tallest

with

the lake

to

WEST

has

East

Kibo,

Momela

13,700

It

the

collapsed.

that

eruptions,

animals including world’s

the

largest

the

monkeys,

including

be

as

142

over

valuable

is

an

the includes

surrounding

high,

belonging

remarkably

the

Africa site

top

equipment

is

(5,963

version

clearly

“Africa

Ulugurus,

species had).

is park

Mawenzi,

extremely

a

providing

floods

USAM

endemics

Serengeti

hectares,

tropical new

not

Africa’s

20

or

concen

marked

world’s

second

of

Lakes,

up

of

Ngur

in

great

even

The

kilo-

part

and ele and

rn);

if

the

Mt.

Mt.

the

the

the

the

to

of

in

in

of

a

to

it

notable.

wildlife the eternal

The savannas,

habitats, 41.

809,000

covered

species

herons, and

Channel.

Biosphere large vary of

which

Lake of extinct

40.

Edward

status.

lies

rainforests forests

may two

for

100

I founta

erich

a

the

park’s

the

Criteria:

Country:

Universal

PARK in

Name Criteria:

violent

park

Country:

Universal

Criteria:

percent

Name

last

PARK

chimpanzees

be

herds

in

Edward

men

in

are

the

are

snows

in Ruwenzori List

volcanic

required

of

14

in

hectares depth

patches

(ior,lla.i

stretching

as

has

lava

Africa,

eight

The

sometimes

Reserve.

under

Rift

forest.

is

of

storks,

of

birds

(elected

of

of

eruption

well

in

(ii),

the

what

(ii),

is

Zaire

buffalo,

of (ii),

Uganda

plains

property:

World

some

from significance:

property: in

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park

volcanoes

an

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to

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I

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probably some

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15

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visible extends

the

hippos,

(iv)

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largest

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property:

rainforest

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considered

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mountains

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gorillas,

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in

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the

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Zimbabwe

best

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cultural

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it

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with

of

endangered.

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keep

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range

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and

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which

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role

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fauna

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order

the

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large

criteria

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fauna,

heaviest

of

on

of

1,368.600

of

in

over

both

park

are

undulating

FALLS

rhino

NATIONAL

NATIONAL

up Africa.

northern

savanna

1980)

southern

(Thornicroft’s

the antelopes.

chimpanzees,

their area

greatest

section

of white

of

are

hectare

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still

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by

100

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sides.

magnitude

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wildlife

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river,

balanced

reported

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to

habitat:

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only

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rhinos,

ha

people

metres

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AND

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of

many

small

wild

600).

sheet

park

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half

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and

the

the

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b

of

a

breeding of into

the plainly falls,

47. long

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contrasts

destination Falls Falcon.

as trating the

the the Donnstream

is

criteria rhino,

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ments. many

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II

I

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tropical

I

100

I

falls

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wide

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a

site

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through

species

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fissure

elephant,

be

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(ii).

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km

and

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seen

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of

rainforest

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away.

is

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of

site in

provide

property:

(iii),

during (iii),

Zimbabwe

Kariba

four

the

significance:

supported

on

of

the

best

ila

(6,600

birds.

plain

basalt

and

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formed

the

river

includes the

(iv) annual

(iv)

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now

horizontal

area

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has

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a

sides

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surrounded

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nearly

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dry

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game

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cut

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sparsely

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large

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season

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the

spray.

lava

species

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ha).

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given migration dry the

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narrow

abundant

220,000

gorge.

established

km

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is

mammals,

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parks.

flows

country,

outstanding,

distributed

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as

wide.

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massive

to

such

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gorge

NATIONAL

well

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forming

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opposite

as

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concen

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park

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can

km

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far

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in

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coast

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sanctuary

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species

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tuary

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foothills

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found

along

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wide

adjoins

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strong

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TUARY

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blown Universal

Name

of

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Name

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of

of

soils

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the

rivers

in

selection

there.

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of

trees

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60

covering

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donkeys. covered

—

have

monkey

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shores

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ASS

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up

part

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which monsoon

rhinoceros,

tigers,

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species

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is

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of

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water

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(iv)

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hornbill

support

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area

their

the

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last

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has are

proclaimed.

and

by

deciduous

habitat

and

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winds.

the

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the

during

THE

MANAS

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typical

home

nothing

of

occasional

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golden

a

higher

westernmost and

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55,000

Gangetic

forest

and

rare

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283,700

grass, 260.000

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onto

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sustenance

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important

only

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the to the

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of

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other

salt

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of

(Gujarat)

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flat, saltwater

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extensive

wild

forest

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the

grounds grows: Sanctuary

vast

langur.

include

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the

shrubs, rainy

the

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recently.

Brahmaputra,

ha

tiger.

marsh

THE

490,000

cyclones

ha

ha

salt-impregnated

dolphins

to

plains

hornbill

no

is

buffalo,

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southeast

mangrove

salt

through

and

of

is

tiger

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the

habitats

season,

800

a

OF

actual

for it

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relatives

an

fed

crocodile

of

on

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and

Bangladesh

Himalayan remarkable

is

southwest

they

of

and

INDOMALAYAN

flats

the

reserve

KUTCH

of endemic

salt-free

wild

the from

covered

ha. by

clouded

species;

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Assam.

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a

nature

much

which

Asian

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these

Tiger

share

forest

here.

three

west

few

are

the

and

ass

the

the

of

in

is

area

critically

depression

openbill

important

ibis,

ous the

winter duck-hunting

breeding

ha

6.

bear,

species and

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swamp spectacular

remaining interspersed amphitheatre

hills

ha

deer,

5. a

census

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Pauthera park

I

4.

,4

wide

of

is

Criteria:

site

the

12

Country:

Universal

NATIONAL

Name

for Criteria:

breeding

Universal

spoonbills, Country: AND

Name Criteria:

blackbuck

Universal

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Name

sambar,

is

and rolling

one

and

and

sq

lion

deer,

in

has

is

its

part

range

stork,

and

endangered

frequented

km;

leo

1979.

roosting

four-horned

of

survival.

NATIONAL

covered

fills

research

provides

of

population

been

such

of

pahistris.

of

REALM

the tiger

of

(iii)

hills

with

the

(iii) barking

preserve

migratory

India

perzica,

(iv)

some property:

significance:

India

of

birds

painted property:

AND

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significance:

it

with

the

significance:

property:

The

barasingha;

Sarus

(the

as

carried

(iv)

Indian

is

in

(iv)

most

PARK

sanctuaries,

larger

sites

nilgai,

grasslands.

with

on

the

the

8

sanctuary

water

sanctuary

NATIONAL

in

by

latter

Siberian

deer,

which

km

cranes, of

stork,

antelope

the

spectacular

of

Satpura

birds

last

migratory

KANHA

out

PARK

in summer, fauna,

GIR

the

(Rajasthan)

lion

sal

gazelle,

in

to

spotted

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the

KEOLADEO

Keoladeo

tiger

three

other

This

in

home

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3

numbered

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diameter

become

(Shorea

in

FOREST

sanctuary,

and

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species

contains

for

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southern

including

it

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small

Range,

and

the

and

site

species

sambar

being

140

TIGER

numerous

deer,

also

when ducks PARK

many

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concentrations

world.

marsh

of

depends

its

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the

of

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205

populations

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has

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egrets,

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deer,

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crocodiles

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indigen

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geese

and

national

natural

on

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45,000

species

of

white

2,800 covers

a

lake; forest

in

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sloth

most

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only

vast

the

the

lion

the

the

last

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in

by

of

of I

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beautiful

with

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8. Elephants, of back

story,

archaic each

individuals

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prevented where

Rhinoceros,

7.

the

Country:

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Criteria:

Universal

Name

Country:

best

Universal Name

PARK

a

to

monsoon

as

virtually

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the

resource)

a

beasts.

protection

natural

example

healthy

any

mighty

habitat

of

in

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of

(Assam)

supporting

(iii)

(Uttar

India

1908.

India

property:

human

significance:

significance:

inaccessible

property:

rainy

Kaziranga

sanctuary

and

(iv)

river

state

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of

of

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season;

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thousand

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NATIONAL

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floods

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population

important

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by

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of

the

success

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6,000

plain,

these

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of

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tops, sub-desert

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carved

some

healthy has of

innocent Sanctuary

of

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1934,

small and

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Eden

destroyed

Country:

Criteria:

Name

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Universal

of

grasslands.

support

slopes

of

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when

here 7,000

basin

lake

populations

moist

where

of

the

Dcvi.

SANCTUARY

country.

an

of

was

in

all

thuna,

and

and

with

m

explorers

(i),

property: the

India

Himalayan

world’s

its lush

significance:

excellent

pockets

fear

peaks

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totally

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densest

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green

virgin

rich

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deciduous

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of

man.

pastures

most

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wildlitè.

found

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27.

26. 23.

25.

24.

20.

22.

21.

9.

18.

19. 17. 6. 4.

8. 2. MAP

15. 14. 7.

16. 13.

12.

3.

10. 5.

II. BIOGEOGRAPHICAL

1.

Iiidzan

Taiwan Celebes Java

Philippines Lesser

Borneo Andaman

Sumatra Cocos-Keeling/Christmas

Maldives Ceylonese

Seychelles

Laccadives Thar Coromandel

Thailandian

Deccan

Burma

Mahanadian

South

Indus-Ganges Malayan Ceylonese

Burman

Indochinese

BengalianRainforest

Malabar

4.

OUTSTANDING

Desert

Sunda

Chinese

Tiger,

Monsoon

Thorn

Rainforest

Rainforest

and

Rainforest

and

and Monsoon

Rainforest

Islands

Rainforest

Monsoon

a

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Chagos

Monsoon

Nicobar

.speeie.s

Amirantes

Forest

Rainforest

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PROVINCES

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Joiuid

Forest

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NATURAL

Forest

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in

.serc’ral

AREAS

of

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OF

v

THE

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INDOMALAYAN

reeri’es.

d.

e. b.

a.

c.

Z.

W.

Y. V.

N.

T. Q.

U. S.

0.

R.

M.

L. J. G.

P. N.

I.

K. H. C.

F. A.

E. B. OUTSTANDING

D.

(Photo

Yala/Ruhuna

Hua Sinharaja

Langbian Horton

Valle Niah

Rainforests Royal

Bolovens Angkor

Elephant

Kinabalu

Island Ujung

Komodo Tanjung Siberut

Durnoga-Bone Gunung

Kutai Andaman

Gir

Nanda

Ranthambhore

Kaziranga

Keoladeo The

Manas

Kanha Little

REALM

Forest

Sunderbans

Cave

de

[EWE)

Kha

Game

Chitwan

Rann

of

Kulon

Dei Wildlife

Plains Tiger

Island

\Vat

Mai

Leuser

Puting

Bali

National

Mountains

Plateau Plateau

National

Forest

Ghana

Islands

Khaeng

(Malaysia)

National

Lion

of

of

Sanctuary

National

Reserve

(Seychelles)

Reserve

(Indonesia)

National

National

Southern

(Sri

(Indonesia)

NATURAL

National

Kutch

National

Wildlife

Game

National

Sanctuary

Sanctuary

Reserve

(Bangladesh

(Vietnam)

(Laos)

National

(India)

Lanka)

Park

Wildlife

Park

Park

Cardamon

(Indonesia)

and

Wild

Park

Reserve

Park

Park

(India)

Mindanao

(Indonesia)

(Malaysia) Sanctuary

Park

(Sri Park

Park

(India)

National

(Bhutan

and

Park

SITES

(Kampuchea)

Ass

Sanctuary

(Sri

(Indonesia)

Lanka)

and

(Indonesia)

(Nepal)

(Indonesia)

(Indonesia)

National

Sanctuary

Mountains

(India)

Lanka)

India)

(Philippines)

(India)

and

Park

(Thailand)

India)

Park

(India)

(India)

(Kampuchea)

(India) 41 the Sunda Shelf. About 15% of the plants are endemic density of 3 per sq. km. Three hundred species of birds along with the wildlife which co-existed to Siberut but the fauna has been even more affected have been recorded, which includes % with the 83 ‘of all forest mighty cities; some of the stone carvings show by isolation, with 10 endemic species of mammals, dwelling species reported from Borneo. large concentrations of Elephants, abundant fish in the including four primates: Kioss gibbon, Mentawai Criteria: Great Macaque, snub-nosed langur, and Mentawai langur; (ii), (iii). (iv) Lake. and the now nearly extinct Kouprey (the world’s each of the primates has retained primitive rarest bovine). characteris 16. Name tics for their of property: DUMOGA-BONE groups, making them particularly impor NATIONAL Criteria: (ii), plus cultural criteria tant for the study of primates. The bird fauna includes PARK (Sulawesi) one endemic species, the Mentawai scops owl, plus 13 Country: Indonesia 20. Name of property: ELEPHANT MOUNTAINS endemic subspecies; 27 families of Sumatran birds do Universal significance: This /CARDAMON MOUNTAINS not occur on Siberut, giving the avifauna composition 330,000 ha area is the best habitat for Sulawesi’s remarkable Country: quite a different character than on the mainland. The assemblage of Kampuchea endemic species; over 900 of its terrestrial island also has some of the most interesting indigenous /n mammals Universal significance: Stretching along the are found nowhere else, along with 40% of its breeding south people found in Indonesia, with a prosperous hunting, ern portion of Kampuchea is a range of forest bird species. Endangered species found in covered gathering and gardening culture based on sago palm. Dumoga mountains with very high rainfall on the include the babirusa, the lowland and highland anoa, southern The Great Indian Rhinoceros in Kaziranga National Park, India. This site is a Biosphere Reserve. the tarsier, slopes which supports a tropical evergreen forest, and (Photo E.P. Gee, WWF) black macaque, giant Sulawesi civet. and drier conditions Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) plus cultural criteria the Sulawesi phalanger. Another on the north slope where there is outstanding feature is tropical deciduous forest; on the Kirirom the bird fauna, including two species of megapodes: plateau is a known herds of this deer), Indian Gazelle, and Nilgai, the natural pine forest, a very rare feature in 13. Name of property: UJUNG KULON maleyo fowl, which buries its eggs in sandy this part of along with abundant Tigers. The huge Rajput fort on soil near the world. Wildlife includes elephants, tigers, NATIONAL PARK (Java) hot springs or other naturally heated sites; and clouded top of the cliff which overlooks the main lake adds a the leopards. and pileated gibbons, among many others. Country: Indonesia scrub chicken, whose eggs incubate in decomposing cultural dimension to the sanctuary. vegetation. Criteria: (ii), (iii), (iv) Universal significance: This 60,000 ha national Criteria: (ii), (iii), (iv), plus cultural criteria Criteria: (iv) park is a triangular peninsula attached to the mainland 21. Name of property: BOLOVENS PLATEAU 10. by a narrow low-lying isthmus only 2 km wide; this Name of property: ANDAMAN ISLANDS 17. isolation has protected what is the best fauna in all of Name of property: KOMODO NATIONAL Country: Laos Country: India PARK (Nusatengara) Java. Foremost among the animals occurring is the Universal significance: The Bolovens Plateau has Universal significance: Located in the Bay of Javan rhinoceros, of which 60 survive in Ujung Kulong Country: Indonesia what is probably the most extensive and least disturbed Bengal, the Andaman Islands have a fascinating (they are probably extinct everywhere else). Other Universal tropical evergreen forest in the entire Anomite chain, wildlife and human culture; significance: This 60.000 ha national with a abundant undisturbed endangered species include leopard, Javan gibbon, park is rich endemic wildlife including douc languar, rainforest covers much the islands, composed of three main islands (Komodo, Lao of down to scenic banteng, wild dog, Javan leaf monkey. The site also Rinca, and Padar), marmoset rat, red vented barbet, bar-bellied pittar, beaches, fringing coral reefs, and abundant marine life includes Krakatau volcano, the site of the largest located in the straits between Flores and many and Simboa. The reserve others. Pilleated gibbons, elephants, tigers, in an area still unpolluted by soil erosion or industrial volcanic eruption in recorded its is famous for the Komodo and a history; eruption in dragon, locally called number of other threatened species occur on this activity. Some 3000 species of plants occur, 10 1883 surges “ora”. Discovered only in 1910, basalt about caused tidal all along the coast of Java and it is the most plateau. percent of which are endemic. massive living lizard, with large males The native people of the Sumatra which killed some 36,000 people. often weighing Criteria: Andamans include pygmy hunter-gatherers over 90 kg and exceeding 3 metres in (ii). (iii), (iv) of the type Criteria: (iv) length. With thought to have been a total population of about 5,000, ora once dominant in southern and occur in southeastern Asia; particularly important all habitats, scavenging or hunting their own groups 14. Name of property: TANJUNG PUTING GAME prey. The which are in danger of cultural, if not physical, mammalian fauna is relatively poor, but it RESERVE (Kalimantan) does include an extinction include the Jarawas, Sentinelese, Onges, and endemic genus of rodent. Shompens. Country: Indonesia Criteria: (iv) Criteria: (ii),(iii), plus cultural criteria. Universal significance: This 300,000 ha reserve contains an outstanding example of swamp forests, 18. Name of property: ISLAND OF BALI 11. Name of property: GUNUNG LEUSER varying from the mangrove forest at the sea edge Country: Indonesia through swamp and bog forest of several types. The NATIONAL PARK (Sumatra) Universal significance: reserve is noted for its dense populations of primates This 400,000 ha island is Country: Indonesia one of the garden spots of the world. Its human including orangutans, with a population density of 2 population Universal significance: This site of 950.000 ha per of2.5 million has evolved a highly aesthetic square kilometre; at least seven other primates relationship with contains a wide range of vegetation and soil occur, including the volcanic island; the rice fields and types, the spectacular proboscis monkey, gardens are surrounded supporting Indonesia’s richest fauna in any protected endemic to the island of Borneo. Endangered species by protected mountains, sacred springs, and forests protected by custom. At the eastern area; 105 species of mammals, 313 of birds, and 94 of found in the reserve include clouded leopard, and false most reptiles and amphibians extension of the Caunal realm of mainland Asia, have been recorded from gavial. This site is a Biosphere Reserve. Bali has the Gunung Leuser. Endangered species include relics of typical fauna which until recent the Criteria: (iv) times included orangutan, siamang, tiger, golden cat, clouded leopard, tigers. Bantang cattle, which are wild elsewhere in the elephant, Surnatran rhinoceros, and serow; for the world, have been domesticated by the 15. Name of property: KUTAI GAME RESERVE Balinese for use in the fields. Sumatran rhino and Sumatran orangutan, Gungung (Kalimantan) Leuser is the best habitat in the world. Scientific Criteria: (ii), plus cultural criteria research has been carried out on a number of wildlife Country: Indonesia species for over 10 years. The site is a Biosphere 19. Name of property: ANGKOR WAT NATIONAL Universal significance: This 200,000 ha reserve PARK Reserve. contains the finest example of lowland tropical Criteria: (ii), (iii) (iv) rainforest in Kalimantan. There are many different Country: Kampuchea forest types, depending on soils, water regime, and Universal significance: While the main attraction human disturbance. The flora is extremely rich in large 12. Name of property: SIBERUT ISLAND (Sumatra) of this national park is the incomparable complex of trees: 180 species have been recorded in just 1.2 ha. Country: Indonesia great temples from the Angkor XVatcivilization, the The primate fauna is superb, with at least 10 species wildlife of the 10,000 ha site is also significant. Universal significance: This island of 4,480 sq km present including the Borneo endemic proboscis including Endangered species such as Banteng, has been isolated from the mainland of Sumatra for at monkey and the Bornean gibbon, the latter with a Eld’s deer, Tiger, Siamese Fresh-water Crocodile, and a wide least 500,000 years and its flora and fauna have evolved population density of 12 per sq. km, one of the highest range of others. It also shows the typical habitat in in isolation Trüpica/ ,aniIor’si in from the dynamic evolutionary events of recorded; the orangutan population is also high, with a which one of the world’s great Sitniatra Gztiziini Leitser \atwna/ Park, civilizations evolved. Ili(l(Hit’i(i, Photo 1151/ kti,’i, J UT)

42 43

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observe.

Lake

a

no

been

for

ferns,

Surrounded

the

property:

(iii)

coastal

a property:

(i).

are

Indonesia

crowned in

people

time (ii),

Some

Indonesia

property:

monotreme Indonesia

significance:

tropical

is

including

eels,

significance:

sandy

and

superb

significance:

pressure, a

evidence

the

perhaps

of

(Irian

with

Southeast

the

world. summit

(ii),

a

small

with

Vaihiria,

undertaken,

(iii)

sparse

possible

up

Podocarpus,

the and

precipitous

mountainsides.

New

in of

many

thick

wild

500

which

colourful

to

(iii),

(A,nhliornis

tame

lowlands

tropical

Dominated

Jaya)

to

habitat

birds

mountain

moss,

the

expedition pigeons,

MEERVLAKTE

Foja

FOJA

lories.

(I

be

It

GUNUNG

(Irian

a

m

forest

the

that

by

ephemeral

of

nan

human as

(iv)

Guinea’s

thousand

others. bananas,

includes

echidna Asia

the

bottomless;

in

mammals

above

This

basin

wild, is

This

Mt.

a

a

fauna

mountains

of

This

humans

lichens,

Indonesia,

Jaya)

protective

beaches man’s

MOUNTAINS

Jaya) the

For

virtually

only

wallaby,

coastline

wilderness,

and

have

paradise,

and

and

site

Jaya,

2

crocodiles,

range

Although

sea

by

populations

the

subject

/Iavi/rons);

reserve

in

is

Of

and

the

area

years.

million

the

high

JAYA

endemic

forbland.

is

thigh.

and

remarkably

various

1979

species many

and

level,

particular been

had

Yellow-fronted and

at

to

a

widest

it

a highest

marsupial

are

totally

impenetrable;

large

reef

has

volcanic

ranging

is

the

wide

5,030

is

cassowaries,

But

is

an

ever

magnificent

discovered,

to

covered

NATURE

epiphytes.

the

ha

species

settled

so

no populated

a

known

of

Fish, and

been

oaks

endemic

perman

with

the

range

(25,000

It

species,

annual

unique

variety

rugged

reserve

in insular

visited

census

undis

lake

Arau

m

scenic

tame

has

from

calm

bulk

and

lake

cat,

the

the

the

left

no

47

by

to

of

of

in

is a MAP 5. OUTSTANDING NATURAL AREAS OF THE OCEANIAN REALM

BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCES OUTSTANDING NATURAL SITES I. Papuan A. Marine Lakes of Palau (Republic of Belau) 2. Micronesian B. Village of Nan Madol (Caroline Islands) 3. Hawaiian C. Rapa Nui National Park (Chile) 4. Southeastern Polynesian D. Island of Tahiti (France) 5. Central Polynesian E. Gunung Jaya Nature Reserve (Indonesia) 6. New Caledonian -‘S F. Foja Mountains (Indonesia) 5% 7. East 5-. Melanesian G. Meervlakte (Indonesia) H. Long Island (Papua New Guinea) 3 I. Karkar Caldera (Papua New Guinea) N J. Rennell Island (Solomon Islands) ---.5. K. Savo Island (Solomon Islands) 2 L. Kulambangara Island (Solomon Islands) M. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (USA) N. Le ‘I’ Pupu-Pue National Park (Western Samoa) Cloud forests are found in the upper elevations in Gunung Java, Indonesia. (Photo: Thomas Schutze- Westrum W14’FJ

——

— 4

.5- .s. L:. N ii

5 C’

BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCES AND OUTSTANDING NATURAL AREAS OF THE OCEANIAN REALM

a wide range of waterfowl. The dryland fbrests support 9. Name of property: KARKAR CALDERA thriving populations of numerous species of birds of Country: Papua New Guinea paradise, bower birds, giant pigeons, tree kangaroos, and many other species endemic to New Guinea. Due Universal significance: This site is of outstanding to its remoteness and difficulty of access, the area can scenic value: It is a striking vertical-wall caldera be expected to be, within a few decades, the least perfectly circular in form and 1,000 feet deep, set on disturbed area of tropical rainforest and swamp forest the top of mountainous Karkar Island. This is probably remaining in New Guinea. the world’s best example of such a formation. Criteria: (ii), (iii), (iv) Criteria: (iii)

8. Name of property: LONG ISLAND 10. Name of property: RENNELL ISLAND Country: Papua New Guinea Country: Solomon Islands Universal significance: This site is a volcanic Universal significance: This island is of outstand island that erupted and sterilized itself around 1700 ing geological, biological, and scenic value; it includes A.D., leaving a large crater lake with a new hot the world’s largest raised coral atoll; one of the Pacific’s volcanic cone in its centre. It is of outstanding largest lakes (the former lagoon, now home to sea geological and biological importance, being a relatively snakes and possibly unique in that respect among large island which is being recolonized by a pure tramp lakes); home of numerous endemic bird taxa, and one fauna and flora. of the westernmost islands colonized by Polynesians. Criteria: (ii) Criteria: (ii), (iii), plus cultural criteria

48 49

communal an

Megapodiusfrevciner,

or

tunnelling their (Megapodidae)

12. their volcanic

the

pressure

example

11.

species.

the over

lowlands

tion, Danger.

of

it

sulphur measured Mona

volcano,

50

13.

active

near

the

active

site

Name

Country:

Name

Universal

Criteria:

Country:

Criteria: Universal

Country:

NATIONAL Name

Universal

hatchlings

eggs

eggs

1500

research,

largest

would

Loa

the

fumeroles, As

of

from

heat

volcanoes,

which

are

volcano

called

of

from

by

out

of

a

m

the nesting

volcano

of

property:

symmetrical

property:

4

volcano,

(iii)

or

(ii),

Solomon

body

USA Solomon

egg

of

significance:

belong

mountain significance:

significance: high

are

to

property:

its

timber

and

form

are

solar

the

Kilauea,

(iv) 6

collectors

PARK

with

base

the

steam

times

heat;

which

sand.

and grounds

visitation.

where

able

the

on

heating.

which

KULAMBANGARA

only

SAVO

industry Islands

Islands

on over

sand

the

circular

home

habitat

vents

the

most

(Hawaii)

mass

These

are

to

HAWAII

the

is

This

the

birds

This

throughout

This

lays

List

size

beaches,

of

constantly

10,000

The

under

fly

ISLAND

ocean

and

are

eggs

The

in

to

birds

is

island

of

its

of

who

the

site

stratovolcano

of

island

immediately

rapidly

birds

the

lava

two

chicken-sized,

the

eggs

World

a

are

constant

site

floor;

includes

are

VOLCANOES chicken

do

Incubator

m

famous

is

endemic

world.

flows.

their

endemic

in

of

incubated

is

composed

not

under

includes

active,

high

beach

Heritage

logging

this

the

this

ISLAND

incubate

range.

observa

The

egg

a

for

A

family

island,

classic

severe

makes

birds,

upon

series

when

sand

Bird

with

bird

and

side

but

the

site the

the

by

of

in

also

species.

fern

swiftlets, metres Haiaii

by is

and

and Samoa;

21

identified

reptiles USA

14.

rough found

F)

the

Criteria:

Country:

Name

PARK

Universal

find endangered,

Criteria:

contains forest,

Volcanoes

long,

and

some

best

their

and

is

only

within

of

found

mammals

and

containing

(i),

property:

(iv)

outstanding

Western

wild,

10

remaining

most

in significance:

National

distinct

Samoa;

(ii),

of

the

protects

in

with

secure

which

the

(iii),

park.

are Park,

Samoa

LE

large

centre

plant

10

poor

tropical

(iv)

vegetation,

found

9

refuge

a

This PIJPU-PUE

USA.

species

Over

are

number

populations

communities

soils. of

(Photo:

found

in site

in

the

50

forest

are

the

the

of

A

species

site, including

81st

considered

of

area,

only

some

lava

national

NATIONAL

in endangered

Fighter

surrounded

of

have

in

including

tube

2,500

bats

of

Western

Samoa

a

birds,

park.

been Wing,

tree

rare

and

800

ha

gists

and tidal

the

remarkable ago

and Gorge earliest

known long and excellent

interest The of resources,

Kakadu 3. in years

sites

2.

ant

ochre anemones,

(the became corals,

ing Archaeological for others. including

mollusc, 400

hydrological composed

habitat ing of

navigable

1.

human

succession.

growth

investigating

which

value,

a culture

Country:

Criteria:

Universal

PARK Name

Criteria:

Country: corals

whose Name

Country:

Willandra Universal

REGION,

Universal Name

to species

REEF

in

flats,

oldest

in

series

escarpments

ago

quarter

burial

be

massive

is

only

France;

seed

for

Australia

is

is

242

extinct

that

state

economy;

as

flood

channels.

over

among forms

were

a

to

including

home

of

(Queensland)

age

and

of

(Northern an

example

known

of

of

marine

of

of

of

primitive

important

from

grinding

regime,

site

(i),

(i),

of the

Australia

species

Australia

lakes Australia

hominid

significance:

coral

of

significance:

Lakes

significance:

a

unmatched property:

NSW

discoveries

brain

property: is

plains

early

used

1500

the

property:

the

mushroom

the

which

(ii),

(ii),

to

comparable

people

preservation;

the long

comparable

is

and

New

in

in

which

a

remains

continent’s

period These

and

worms,

in

a

of

to

(iii),

and

(iii),

(elected

system

the corals,

of

species

Horno

earliest

third

and

economies

Territory)

the

archer

26,000

the

to

60

crush

reflect

an

the

series

Guinea,

origins.

birds,

were

grindstones

(elected

other

plus the

(iv)

THE

majestic

Willandra

KAKADU genera,

became

extinct

world);

made

reefs

assemblage

when

WILLANDRA

Comprising

of

Alligator

This

giant

The corals

is of

plate-like

sapiens

crustaceans,

global

WHS

wild

of

depending

fish

indications in

differences

Australia’s year

to

cultural thought

plus

of

giant

factors.

fish

evidence

VI.

GREAT

are

fish,

(elected age

an

here

The

man WHS

that

35

most

in

lake reefs

which

with

grass

species

sandstone

progressively a

old

provide

a

species;

1981)

composed

documentation

from

indication

the

million

marsupials

to

30,000

THE

host

4000

as

are

claimed

river

became

Lakes

corals,

site by

criteria

of

The

system,

NATIONAL

important

cremation

a

1981)

600,000

seeds

similar

on

separated

Middle

WHS

from

the

is

in

wide

of

18,000

for

bird

anthropolo

marine

BARRIER

of

of

and

freshwater

also

species branching

elsewhere

of

outstand

exposure,

a

LAKES

drainage,

ha

plateaux

year

this

to sponges,

Olduvai

encrust AUSTRALIAN

Region.

wildlife

domin

species

of

special diverse

for

30,000

variety

with

1981)

of

burial

site

many

flour,

in

ha

years

drier

East.

is

over

sort

life,

site

site

the

the old

an

by

of

of

of

is

a

a

alpine coastline;

and

man

Tasmania remains National

huge Among National

last ha

Reserve),

5.

ble,

only of colour

Today today

woodhen, most the

resembles paradise the coral with extensive

Europeans island, Group 4. crocodile,

some sites to a neighbour.

Island; volcanoes Australia lizard.

revealing

land, find ancient

recently

comprises

the

human

world.

remaining

only

Country:

(nominated Criteria:

Universal Name

Country: Criteria:

Universal (nominated

Name

and

secure

of

100

about

endangered

wooded

meteorite

having

reefs,

with

8

heath, extinct,

stony

some

like

provides Kakadu

the

among

the

the

to

of

for

Park; Park,

tree-sized links

nine

evidence

m

and REALM

a

as

the

undersea

a

30

and

Uninhabited chestnut-quilled

predators

over

over

of

discovered

of

that

island

an

30

and

habitats

earth’s outstanding

chicken. in

escarpment

endemic

large

Endangered

57

the

been

the

which

of

property:

(i),

million

hills,

(i),

Australia

property:

Australia

the

temperate

significance:

opal.

these

individuals.

of

and

Franklin-Lower including

together

significance:

the

temperate

2 between

are

impact

is

a

1000

a

WHS

erupted

lacustrine to

most

Southwest

(ii),

species

1,000

(ii),

the

warm

setting

world’s

also

is

flightless

identified;

the

land

endemic,

of

WHS

golden

member

include

in

are

Of

ridge

18th

the

made

Once

(iii),

(iii),

archaeological

years

species

the

original

southerly

python

Cradle

Kakadu’s

1981)

years

a

LORD

crater

these

177

four

by

features

shallow

SOUTHWEST

surface

ofbirds,

country,

habitat

wilderness

fascinating

of

four

Australia

on

1981)

earliest

(iv)

Century,

oldest

(iv),

during

species

rainforest,

humans

very beaches,

these

National

This

ago,

pigeon,

a unmatched

sediments;

plant

ground

endemic

of

ago,

found

areas

The

the

large

of

Mountain-Lake

with

among

of

appears

HOWE

plus

15

the

plentiful,

during

Gordon

known

birds;

the

of

lagoon

area

rivers

of

edge-ground

the

species

establishing

the

human as

species

western

the

resident

remains

comprise

number

this

only

such

pumpkin

until

silicate

one

and

areas

cultural

dwelling

the

the

Lord

does

and

Aboriginal

and

Lord

Park

genera,

of

endemic

sedgelands, these

Miocene

ISLAND,

but

and

to

site

natural

the

penetration

a

which

about

southern-most

on

of

hooded

TASMANIA

the

island

very

aboriginal

Wild

settlement

in found a

as

there

its

Howe

(a

Howe be

scenic

edge

lack

the

of

Lord forests,

glass species

are large

ice

of

the

is

Biosphere

coming

criteria

one

including

family

restricted

southern

bird estuarine

endemic

northern

axe.

vulnera

St.

770,000

changes

the

species.

beauty, ancient

human

world’s

ages;

remain

Rivers

world.

of

on

period

home

was

Island

Island parrot

Howe

of

of

gecko

fields

NSW

Clair

wild

that

and

fear

and

the

site

the

are

by

art

an

51

of

in

in

a a I I I MAP 6. OUTSTANDING NATURAL AREAS I!35 OF THE AUSTRALIAN REALM

BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCES OUTSTANDING NATURAL SITES 1. Queensland Coastal A. The Great Barrier Reef 2. Tasmanian B. Willandra Lakes Region 3. Northern Coastal C. Kakadu National Park 4. Western Sclerophyll D. Lord Howe Island 5. Southern Sclerophyll E. Southwest Tasmania 6. Eastern Scierophyll -15 F. Uluru National Park 7. Brigalow G. The Channel Country 8. Western Mulga H. Cape York Peninsula 9. Central Desert I. Queensland Rainforests 10. Southern Mulga/Saltbush J. The Great Sandy Region II. Northern Savanna K. The Kimberlies 12. Northern Grasslands L. Shark Bay 13. Eastern Grasslands & Savannas M. Forest and Wildflower Regions

25 -25 species involve the spotted and grey cuscus, the 9. Name of property: QUEENSLAND RAINFOR spiny-haired bandicoot, palm cockatoo, and eclectus ESTS (Queensland) parrot; the latter two are the only Australian represen Country: Australia Universal significance: D tatives of their genera. Of Australia’s three species of The wet tropics birds of paradise, two species, the magnificant rifle-bird of Queensland include the most and the mamacode, do not occur further diverse habitats in Australia, as well as some of the south. These most superb are the most colourful forests in Australia, scenery. These areas are characterized with many by deep gorges species of orchids, flowering trees and vines, with fast-running creeks, black rock insects and cliff faces, and reptiles; approximately 7% of the total Australian silvery plumes of water falling from high rocky ledges. As a refuge butterfly fauna occurs only in these forests. Also habitat from when Australia was more moist significant are the perched lake system at Cape and better forested, these tropical forests contain a number of .35 Grenville and the sandstone country around Quikan primitive which contains some of the relict species; outstanding among these is the most outstanding Aborig recently BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCES AND nal art in the country. discovered Idiosperniun’z australiense, a species which is the only member of its family and OUTSTANDING NATURAL AREAS OF Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) one which provides clues to the very origins of THE AUSTRALIAN REALM

115 125 135 14S CHARLES S. PA? I I I I Husk in Islands. ije Great Barrier Reel, Queensland, .-lirs(ra/ia. iPhutu R. Bustard. WWF) and endangered species of plants. The site also contains 7. Name of property: THE CHANNEL COUNTRY some two-thirds of the 32 mammal species known in (Queensland and Northern Territory) Tasmania; many of these species are rare and Country: Australia endangered. If the Tasmanian wolf or thylacine still survives, then this will be the place where it might still Universal significance: This site of about 1.3 be found. There is the possibility that this area might million square kilometres is composed of the braided also be expanded to include the Walls of Jerusalem sections of the inland ancient river systems that drain National Park. the catchment system of Lake Eyre (the world’s 16th Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) largest lake). This arid country includes the world’s largest peneplained land surface; hot and dry, evapora 6. Name of property: ULURU NATIONAL PARK tion is intense and the sparse rainfall is soaked up as it (Northern Territory) falls — only twice in this century has rainfall been Country: Australia sufficient to fill the lake to capacity. The frequently- changing rivers and streams and wind-blown distribü Universal significance: This national park (also a tion of soil provide an outstanding opportunity to study Biosphere Reserve), located southeast of Alice Sirings, the changing patterns of landscapes and distribution of is noted for the famous Ayer’s Rock, which has been soils. called the biggest rock in the world. In fact. Ayer’s Criteria: (i), (ii) Rock, like the adjacent Mount Olga, is a vestige of a sandstone mass which underlies the arid, eroded 8. Name of property: CAPE YORK PENINSULA plains; it is composed of sedimentary rock which has (Queensland) been upthrust so that the grain is vertical to the flat plain, the brilliant colouring of Ayer’s Rock changes Country: Australia from glowing reds in the light of low sun of morning Universal significance: The rainforest of the and evening to the brighter colours seen during the northern Cape York Peninsula contains many forms of warmer parts of the day. The Olgas were carved into animal and plant life which are closely related with their strange shapes by the action of water and wind, those of New Guinea; the dry and inhospitable Laura displaying rounded minerets, gigantic cupollas, and Basin prevents these tropical rainforest species from monstrous domes. extending further south, so many of them are found in Criteria: (i), (ii), plus cultural criteria Australia only in these northern rainforests. Significant

52 53 Lake Si. Clair and Mount OlymJ)La, Tasmania. (Photo: WWF)

plants. The region also includes a number of important part of the region, is considered to be as volcanic characteristics, including craters, cinder important an example of sand masses as the Great cones, explosion pipes, and deep crater lakes Barrier Reef is for coral reefs. Fraser Island, also known surrounded by tropical forest. as Great Sandy Island, is the largest sand island in the world, as well as probably the largest single sand mass; Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) with Cooloola, it forms the Great Sandy Region. The coastal mangroves and seagrass meadows of this area 10. THE GREAT SANDY Name of property: habitats for species such as REGION (Queensland) also form important dugongs and numerous economically important fish. Country: Australia Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii) Universal significance: Australia, the oldest con tinent, has been exposed to enormous weathering to 11. Name of property: THE KIMBERLIES (Western produce a great volume of sand. The most outstanding Australia) of is found in Queensland. example this phenomenon Australia where the sand has been washed down fast-flowing Country: rivers to the coast where it has been concentrated by Universal significance: This area, of some quarter wind and tide and heaped into massive sand dunes. The of a million square kilometres, contains continuous giant masses of sand are dynamic geomorphic processes mountain ranges, escarpments and plateaux, eroded by which have been sculpted and recontoured by the wind and flooding rain to form steep water courses, dry prevalent south-east trade winds to form a rugged wild for most of the year. In areas of red sandhills, there is terrain which has been colonized and stabilized by a profusion of colourful desert shrubs. Some 350 tenacious, aggressive plant communities culminating million years ago, the Kimberly region was an island in the development of rainforests, coastal heaths, and surrounded by warm seas. In the shallow water freshwater swamps; the most spectacular sight in the surrounding the ancient island a barrier reef formed of rainforest is to see massive trees growing on pure sand stromatolites, a type of algae which still survives in a (nearly all of the nutrients — mostly derived from the few places in Australia today. Over the years the areas atmosphere — are contained in the trees, not in the soil). around the reef were filled in by sediments, but erosion Fraser Island National Park, which may be the most later stripped off the overburden, removing the softer The Koala is an animal svnpol oJA ustralia. (Photo : W WFJ

54 55 1

sediments

of

across, Another

limestone

many ite

paintings

parts has

support

turbed area.

islands

500,000

stromatolites, sharks,

together of

those 12.

Tropical Hamelin

interest

Bernier

56

crater,

the

circulation

been

Criteria:

Country:

Name

Australia)

Universal

of

Interspersed

known

places

with

bed

rain

and

scattered

populations

Australia.

outstanding

a ha,

by

are

and

pool,

of

a

reef

established

more

förc’vl

profusion

deep,

shell

sediment;

of

of

a

steep

Shark

from

two

(i),

in

structures exposed,

Australia

style

Dorre,

significance:

the

high

in

property:

have

quickly

the

(ii),

fish.

perfectly

throughout

Crater

walls

islands

300

sand

Bay

quite

sea

rates

feature

of

Kimberlies,

(iii)

of

In

caused

these

as

which

just

million

has

Naiional

over

and

of

dugongs,

aquatic

banks

the

and

different

plus

a

of

blue

contained

circular

SHARK

as

numerous

formations National

is

Covering

evaporation

highly

a

leaving

300

the

the

form the

cultural

the

flat

years

Park,

and

green

life,

original

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algal

including the

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within

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an

criteria

are

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are

those

one

of

and

turtles,

northwestern

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waters

area

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stromatolite

mats

seas

exactly

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aboriginal

kilometre

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meadows

low

the

in rose

meteor

of

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rays,

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boundary

on

the several

boodie,

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number

carved with

multitude

part

treasurehouse;

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Eucalyptus

pure 13.

towering

the

stronghold

Western National

of

(Photo

all

the

barred

Criteria:

site,

Country:

Name

FLOWER

Universal

Criteria:

limestone

stands

of

marsupials.

significant

in

species

mainland,

a

into

of

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as

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one

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rat

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national

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diversicolor;

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to

wildflower

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part

Australia

(i),

of

the

some

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some

REGIONS

cliffs

significance:

the

property:

80

mammals

(ii),

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(ii),

including

is

Australia,

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of

and

m

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of

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parks,

2000

and

(iii),

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the

(iii),

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the

the

claimed

shapes

species,

height.

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sand

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the

(iv)

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(iv)

species

world’s

western

(Western

FOREST

which

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features

the

forest

the

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to

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largest

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plants

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forest

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AND

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wallaby,

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the

of

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colony

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the

million Quarrie

island

(110,000

penguins, climate.

standing

Melbourne,

underwater

1.

sovereignty

Universal Country:

TERRITORY

Name

Criteria: royal,

Country:

Universal

(Tasmania)

Name

of

Heritage

is

in

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birds;

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what

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of

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with

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of

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property:

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Australia

Australia

important

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significance:

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million

world.

the

significance:

property:

status,

implicit

an

wealth,

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largest

estimated

for

penguins,

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fur

AUSTRALIAN

birds

lying

an

and

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sub-Antarctic

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seals,

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endemic

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colony

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wild

recognizing

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and

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royal

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wildlife.

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extraordinarily

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ISLANDS

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the

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of

southern represented

by

islands,

of

site

rain, have

.-

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these

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of

are

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snow

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volcano (i),

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significance:

islands

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400

flows

symbol

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and

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m;

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on

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km-long

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are

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24

of

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and

the

World

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km

in

concern

falls

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their

an

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the

mammals

shore.

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the

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the

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are

=

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ice

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home

world,

only

rocky

dormant

diameter

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coat,

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is about uninhabited

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Sc’huh,nac’her,

the

38

Glacier).

who

valley

by

penguins

surfaces

the

King,

MCDONALD

150

Antarctica

km

List.

300

only

a

is

which

volcano

live

McDonald

number

m

reach

apart,

a

lashed

glacier

days

Gentoo,

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thick circular

and

known

islands

on

breed

swept

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rises

200

57 H

per

the

but

the has

by

‘F,

of

to

in in breeding place of the Wandering Albatross. The islands 5. Name of property: FJORDLAND NATIONAL are rare among sub-Antarctic islands in being free of PARK (South Island) the ecological havoc caused by introduced species. Country: New Zealand Criteria: (ii), (iii) Universal significance: This site ofover 1.2 million ha provides some of the world’s most spectacular wild scenery. Wild bush-filled valleys, scrub-covered ridges, 4. Name of property: WESTLAND-MT. COOK sharp peaks, and breath-taking steep walled f3ords that NATIONAL PARKS (South Island) penetrate deep inland are features of this site; within Country: New Zealand the site is the Milford track, which has been called the “finest walk in the world”, to Milford Universal significance: Mt. Cook and Westland leading Sound where the dramatic Mitre Peak, an enormous triangu 4 national parks, together comprising some 150,000 ha, lar rock, rises sheer from the waters of the sound include the most spectacular glacial and montane to 1695 m. Other spectacular scenery includes two of • scenery in New Zealand. The site includes Mt. Cook, New Zealand’s most beautiful glacial lakes, at 3,764 m New Zealand’s highest mountain; within Mana pouri. and Te Anau, the latter with a shoreline of 483 the site are the Tasman glacier, one of the longest in kms. Two of the world’s rarest birds are found only • the world outside polar regions, and two great glaciers within the site, including the takahe, a vegetarian which descend into temperate a regions, very rare flightless rail, and feature in world geology. The the kakapo, a large, flightless mass olmountain barrier yellowish-green nocturnal parrot. of the main divide dominates these rugged national parks, with Westland on the west and Mt. Cook on the Criteria: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) east; the main divide of the Southern Alps acts as a barrier to the moist winds that sweep in from the Tasman sea, providing the exceptionally high precipi 6. Name of property: POOR KNIGHTS ISLANDS tation which has created the glaciers and keeps them Country: New Zealand flowing today. The site also includes Lake Matheson, Universal 18 ofT which provides crystal significance: Poor Knights. km clear mirror-like reflections of the Mt. Cook and Tasmin. east coast of the North Island. comprise two islands of 129 and 66 ha, plus numerous surrounding islets. Criteria: (i), (ii) stacks. and rocks. The isla’nds are the heavily-eroded

Takahc’ I al/er, FHrd/a,i(/ Naiwnul Park \ Zealand. (P/mm I’ll l•

MAP 7. OUTSTANDiNG NATURAL AREAS OF THE ANTARCTIC REALM

BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCES OUTSTANDING NATURAL SITES I. Neozealandia A. Macquarie Island (Australia) 2. Maudlandia B. Australian Antarctic Territory (Australia) 3. Marielandia C. Heard and McDonald Islands (Australia) 4. lnsulantarctica D. Westland-Mt. Cook Natinal Parks (New Zealand) - J’ E. Fjordland National Park (New Zealand) F. Poor Knights Islands (New Zealand)

58 59

60

caves

lily, species

including

remains

The

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archways.

most

a

or large

throwback

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all,

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the

numerous

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mainland,

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for

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a

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dinosaurs

with

three-eyed

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Zealand.

Criteria:

nine

shearwater

other which

(Photo

reptilian

(iv)

petrel

is

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the

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nests

throwback

species.

only

only

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these

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age

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WWF)

of

along

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the

archaeological

extraordinary contains

includes

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site,

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site,

ha,

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in

provide

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hectares

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mirahilis

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occasionally tains,

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importance

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600,000

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relict

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advancing

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Universal

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Country:

Universal

Criteria:

TALAMPAYA

showing Name

with is

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Cruz)

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Universal

Country:

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Name

and

an

area

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and

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earliest

site

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important

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ha.

contains

ways

number

trees,

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glaciers.

of

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prior including

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is

(iii),

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earliest

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plugs

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collection

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the

property: (i),

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and

of

property: (i),

significance:

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relics.

instead

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geomorphological significance:

significance:

long

significance:

as

part

to

the

the

mammals

be

with

to

(iii)

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causing

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PARK

the

geomorphological

usefully

the

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central

when

(San

of

endangered

site

known

pictographs

cultural

America’s

(iii).

contains

gives

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glaciation;

of

Andean

is

plus

enormous channel

forest

site.

uplift

CERRO the

of

PETRIFIED

the

retreating.

showing

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del

(elected

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an

cultural in

landscape

flooding

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country; combined

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dinosaur

best

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ISCHIGUALASTO

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values,

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criteria.

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the

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Criteria:

outcrop

Country:

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Name

Criteria:

Brown

Country:

Universal

Criteria:

Name

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PARK

Universal Country:

Name Criteria:

ROUNDING

Country:

would Universal

NATIONAL

Name

those

covers

snakes,

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(16

people

the

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about

the

and

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value.

that

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area of

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of

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32

be

of

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coral

REALM

are

for

(ii),

of

property:

(i),

east

(ii),

of

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property:

Australia’s

(ii),

Bolivia

and

Belize

significance:

Brazilian

Bahamas

appropriate.

navigable

significance:

the km)

property:

the

significance:

supports

flamingos,

western

endangered

significance:

75

is

humans Covered

of

Cambrian

(ii)

(iii),

of

(iii),

of

(iii),

island,

property:

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ATOLLS

very

atolls

universal

shallow

percent

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Monkey.

site

Great

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races

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LAKE

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hemisphere.

(U.K.)

rich

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cultural unique

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541,200

NATIONAL

population

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lizards

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in

the

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61

of

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62

Cerrados

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225,086

wide,

islands and

located

9.

Universal Country:

Name

AND

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divided

covered

where

hectares,

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of

IGUAZU

of

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property:

Brazil

into

significance:

the

contain

in

Chodat:

the

dense

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a

lguacu

and

NATIONAL

adjoining

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the

forests.

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river

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falls

of

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waters

NATIONAL

leaves

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the

the

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deluge

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of an

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lianas falling

palm

exuberant,

Criteria:

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at

ferns,

with

abruptly

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bending

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trees,

in

the

trumpet

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into

over

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the

roar

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9. 6. 4. 2.

25. 22. 20.

45. 26. 24. 21. 7.

47. 44. 42. 40. 30. 28. 23. 8. 3.

46. 43. 41. 31. 29. 27. 5. BIOGEOGRAPHICAL

35. 33.

39. 37. 34. 32.

bird borders, comprising composed 38. 36.

grazing seasonal

tration

an

2,272,000 woodland plateau 12. 10. MAP

Pantanal, 16. II.

18. 15. 13. I.

19. 17. 14.

180.000 10.

11.

outstanding

Gran Guerreran Guyanan

Central Chilean Colombian Campechean

Cocos Chilean Serra

Greater Campos Campos Chilean Sinaloan

Galpagos Cuban Colombian Caatinga Venezuelan Yucatecan Everglades Valdivian Amazonian

Argentinian Ecuadorian Panamanian

Southern Yungas Uruguayan Llanos Monte Venezueland Brazilian Madeiran

South Patagoniari Brazilian

Revilla Northern

Lesser Puna Babacu Paci[ic

Lake Fernando Bahamas-Bermudan

Country:

Name

Universal

Country: Criteria:

(Amazonas)

Universal Name

life.

8.

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of

to

animals;

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do

Chaco

square

though

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American

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floods

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providing

the

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of

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wildlife

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Rainforest

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of

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vast

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property:

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(ii),

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east

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Brazil

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kilometres,

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the

as

significance:

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Forest

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valley

form

alluvial

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nesting

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PROVINCES

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many

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area

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the

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many

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in

typical contains

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1980.

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This

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marshy

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trees

plateau

the

the

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national for

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except

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Paraguay.

largest

OF

incredibly

and

waterfowl

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park

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to

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the

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protects

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in

west,

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rich

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of

of

is

b. G. OUTSTANDING

C. A.

e. Z. Q. J.

g. d. W. U. D.

c. a. V. T. 0. L. H. E.

S. N. I. B.

f. Y. M. F.

X.

R. P. K.

Jau Cerro

Great

Cueva Galapagos

Jaua-Sarisarinama Angel Juan The

Tikal Torres Anegada Huanchaca

Rio Sangay Sierra Lake Blue Los

Everglades Roraima Amistad Sierra lschigualasto-TalamPaYa

Henry Macchu Defensores Morne Iguacu Petrified

Manu Darien

Mount

jaguar

comprise

ground

environments. complex

including mangroves,

historic Reef species

frigate curocaos as healthy

rainforest;

12.

National

Glaciares

Platano

Pantanal

Hole

Fernandez

Titicaca

National

Colorado

lnagua

de

REALM

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Falls

National

del

Pittier

capibarra

Del National

Trois

National Pele

National

Picchu

Criteria:

Country:

(Friendship)

Criteria: SURROUNDING

Universal Name

Forest

(Guyana) Island

Ia

Guacharo

and

National

and

National

de

Paine

National

and

Macarena

and

(Martinique)

birds

Biosphere

snake

Pitons

shipwrecks

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National

populations

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(Brazil)

(Bolivia) National

Chaco

of NATURAL

de

Surrounding

in

and

Park

(Argentina)

and

Park

(Argentina)

National

an

Auyan-Tepuy

National

Park

superlative

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Park

surrounding

the

of

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the

(Brazil)

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the

primates,

cactus

and

and

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iguana,

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(ii),

Park

(ii), (Guatemala)

many

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British

property: (Peru)

Park

National

as

significance:

International

and

(Panama)

(Ecuador)

giant

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site

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huemal.

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presents

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led

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park’s

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13

the

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of

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country.

his

parrots.

sculptures.

(ii),

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species

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ruins

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supports

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made

species

endangered

theory

awesome

an

(ii),

the

and

(ii),

(iv),

complex

representing

and

world

comprises

(iii),

(iii)

PARK

1979)

hawk,

to

clouds

and

eloquent

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threatened

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culture,

in

(iii),

(iii),

southern

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area

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jaguar,

snow-peaked

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of

active of

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of

diversity

giant

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transitional

famous

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natural

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sight

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1978)

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63

species pile,

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NATIONAL

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65 54

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volcanic Country:

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tropical

animals.

importance.

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mammals,

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(ii),

rainforest

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the

property:

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Honduras

varieties.

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significance:

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significance:

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significance:

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mangroves)

transect

40

habitats,

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(nominated

to

mountain,

575,000

joint

wiped

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superlative 377

snake

episodes,

deep

(iii) and

(iv),

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trembler,

square

the

it

number

1981)

9,219

mountain

3

the

including

is

for

portion

to

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boundary

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species

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species

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cloud a

that

plus

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of furrows,

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environment.

upland

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number

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forests

(France)

feet,

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produced

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site

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to This

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cited

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birds,

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site,

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site,

site,

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surrounded

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cats.

and

mountainous

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ravines,

PELE

Caribbean

as

cursor. Guyana,

1981)

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as

rocky

process

island,

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uppermost

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criteria.

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it

with

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of

plant

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town

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comprising

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bush

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species;

fauna

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and

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tropical

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white-breasted

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unaltered

39

a

broad-winged

BIOSPHERE

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for

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prospect

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sits). the

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finest

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Name Name

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people.

situated

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SJ)eL’ie DEFENSORES

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4,000

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healthy

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nature

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species

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32.500

giant

numerous

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sloths,

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forms

also

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inhabited

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stronghold

Name

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NATIONAL

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and

otter,

brown

which

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contains

an

armadillos);

ha

a

extraordinary

water;

area

the

rich

archaeological

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in

(Florida);

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swampy

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species

the

have

of

(i),

pelican,

(ii).

property: only

(i), and

a

USA

territory

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projects

roseate

of

of

ecosystem

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significance:

a

although

(ii).

(ii),

water

(iii).

premier

property:

number the

over

evolved

SANCTUARY

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black

by

importance,

the

such

of

(iii).

(iii),

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(elected

areas, plus

the

cultural

small

numbers

of

566.000

high

spoon-bill. EVERGLADES

the

species

have

regime

caiman,

as

(iv).

sites.

the

swampy (iv),

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Reserve. of

with

in

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scenically

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number

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groups

MACCHU

both

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Indians;

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sites

include

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fresh

in

of

crocodile,

of

species. ocelot.

impact

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most

primate

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the

types

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1979)

there

irrigation

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NATIONAL

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sufficient

cougar.

architectural

site

(dominant).

water

PICCHL’

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red

criteria.

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includes

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on

species

uakari.

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mana

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area

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to

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species.

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which

ha

ments ated.

31.

to

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the

contains

using

tropical

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down

day,

Criteria:

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site Criteria:

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Name

contains

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Name

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Name

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area

in

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forest

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niversal

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at

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unique

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rainforest,

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(ii),

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other

(iii)

contain

mariposa

Venezuela

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significance:

property:

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species

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top

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in

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1979

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paper

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contributions

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REPUBLIC

of

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a

then

ratification

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number

of)

PROTECTION

Ricardo

Jeremy Julie

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Harold

list

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were

of

Grimwood

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ANNEX

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INDIA HAITI GUINEA

HONDURAS GUYANA GUATEMALA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

GREECE

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of

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acceptance

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ARAB

within

OF

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of

deposited

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JAMAHIRIYA

at

WORLD

HERITAGE

Oscar

Cesar

Juan

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McNeely, Duncan J.G.

Norman

Roger Craig

Robert

Michael

Kenton

1

September

Mosley

list

an Oltremari

FOR

Ormazabal

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instrument

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THE

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UNITED

YUGOSLAVIA UNITED

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SUDAN

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SPAIN SENEGAL

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NIGERIA 1982

PANAMA

PAKISTAN NORWAY NIGER

NICARAGUA

Executive

LANKA

compiled

of

ARABIA

ARAB

STATES

REPUBLIC

Officer

and

REPUBLIC

Gary

James

Hernan

Tom Heliodoro

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Mauricio

Pedro Manuel

of

OF

edited

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Wetterberg

Thomas

AMERICA

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Putney

Salinas

Thorsell

Torres

TANZANIA

Rios

by

Rosenfeld

Sanchez Jeffrey

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