Get the Data Out

Real Time Data Dissemination from Isolated Monitoring Stations within the Delta

American Water Works Association -Nevada Section 2013 Fall Conference October 1, 2013

Mark Bettencourt California Department of Water Resources Municipal Water Quality Program Today’s discussion

 The Real Time Data and Forecasting – Comprehensive Program, a part of the California Department of Water Resource’s Municipal Water Quality Program.

 Program Design, Rules for Success and Goals

 Information Products In California, more than 20 million people rely on Sacramento - San Joaquin Delta water for all or part of their drinking water supply.

Due to the organic nature of the Delta and its geographic relationship with seawater intrusion and agricultural runoff inputs, treatment of Delta water presents the challenge of providing protection from both pathogens and simultaneously from the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBP’s, chemicals potentially harmful to humans). Disinfectant (Chlorine) + Natural Organic Material (NOM) +/- Bromide → DBP’s (Trihalomethanes (THM’s), Haloacetic acids (HAA’s))

Chloroform Bromodichloromethane Chlorodibromomethane Bromoform

Monobromoacetic acid Dichloroacetic acid Monochloroacetic acid Dibromoacetic acid Trichloroacetic acid

Disinfectant (Ozone) + Bromide Bromate

Bromate Would drinking water suppliers like to know what the quality of their source water is before it arrives at their treatment facilities? MWQP Mission Statement The mission of the Municipal Water Quality Investigations (MWQI) Program is to: a) Support the effective and efficient use of the State Water Project (SWP) as a source water supply used for municipal purposes through monitoring, forecasting, and reporting of SWP water quality. b) Provide early warning of changing conditions in source water quality used for municipal purposes. c) Provide data and knowledge based support for operational decision- making on the SWP. d) Conduct scientific studies of drinking water importance. e) Provide scientific support to the Department of Water Resources (DWR), the State Water Project Contractors Authority (SWPCA), MWQI Specific Project Committee (MWQI-SPC), and other governmental entities. The Three Components of the Real Time Data Forecasting And Comprehensive Program (RTDF-CP) Modeling/Forecasting

DSM2 Delta DSM2 Aqueduct Extension Model Sacramento WARMF Real Time Monitoring WARMF Organic carbon and Bromide Seasonal Forecasts Short Term Aqueduct Forecasts Data Collection from the Stations Delta Source Fingerprinting Artificial Neural Network Hood Vernalis Banks Jones Information Dissemination Gianelli The RTDF-CP provides a single Station Operation and location that compiles and Maintenance disseminates the data

Data QA/QC & Storage Visualization Dissemination Program elements include:

 Instrumentation installed at key locations

 Field operations that ensure proper operation of all automated sampling equipment

 Timely transmission of real-time data

 Consistent modeling with continuous updates which provides the best forecasting possible

 QA/QC of the instruments and data Important Principles of the Program

 Real time monitoring requires

• steady maintenance, inspection, and cleaning.

• an inventory of spare parts, especially those prone to wear and breakage

 Success requires staff who:

• understand the systems in detail

• understand the unique dynamics at each site

• want to do this kind of work; aptitude & creativity

• know to prepare for preventative/seasonal maintenance

 Only then can you keep these systems running well The data produced by the RTDF-CP are used to:

 Make informed decisions affecting the Delta and SWP (State Water Project)

 Support the development of water quality forecasting tools

 Provide early warning of changing water quality conditions

 Provide information for water quality and water supply planning studies

(In addition to DWR and the SWP contractors, this information can be used by federal, state, local, non-governmental organizations and the public.) The Stations

Vernalis Hood (San Joaquin River) ()

CW “Bill” Jones Pumping HO Plant State Water Project (CVP/SLDMWA)

William R. Gianelli Pumping Plant ()

The Real Time Data

Data Production

Carbon Analyzer

…

Anion Analyzer Instrument computer Wireless Cellular Server with instrument software Modem or third party data processing software loaded on to it.

YSI sonde (Gianelli) Station Station Einstein User’s External Instruments Computer Server Computer Data

Remote Data Transfer Scripts RTDF Scripts Via Raven Cellular Modem Website

Anion Data Utility Non Analyzer FileZilla Database QA/QC MagIC Net or - Chromeleon Data MWQI CDEC Organic Website Text Files Carbon Indigo FileZilla Remote Analyzer Connection Outside Remote Desktop Database Connection

Direct Transfer Remote Transfer (FTP) Remote Access Database/Data Utility QA/QC

…

Water Data California Data Exchange Center (CDEC) Library (WDL)

… Data Products…. Water Quality Report Summary Page and Webpage

… MWQI RTDF Water Quality Report Summary Table 8/5/2013 This report is part of the Real Time Data and Forecasting (RTDF) project. The full RTDF water quality report is available online at http://www.water.ca.gov/waterquality/drinkingwater/rtdf_rprt.cfm. Data are mean daily and seven day averages. Missing data is indicated by "m". All data are preliminary and subject to revision without notice.

7/29/13 8/4/13 % Change 7-day Average

Sacramento River (Hood) Mean Daily Flow, cfs 17043 16485 -4 16899 Salinity (EC), µS/cm 149 154 +3 150 DOC, mg/L 1.62 1.59 -2 1.57 TOC, mg/L 1.66 1.66 <1 1.64

San Joaquin River (Vernalis) Mean Daily Flow, cfs 617 531 -14 527 Salinity (EC), µS/cm 525 465 -12 500 DOC, mg/L 2.83 1.46 -49 2.27 TOC, mg/L 2.93 1.75 -41 2.35 Bromide, mg/L 0.24 0.22 -8 0.24

H.O. Banks Pumping Plant (SWP) Mean Daily Pumping, cfs 5407 3961 -27 4780 Salinity (EC), µS/cm 451 569 +26 496 DOC, mg/L 2.38 2.39 <1 2.44 TOC, mg/L 2.61 2.55 -3 2.69 Bromide, mg/L 0.28 0.37 +31 0.33

C.W. Jones Pumping Plant (DMC) Mean Daily Pumping, cfs 3456 3510 +1 3446 Salinity (EC), µS/cm 420 461 +9 449 DOC, mg/L 2.35 2.44 +3 2.43 TOC, mg/L 2.58 2.30 -11 2.48 Bromide, mg/L 0.26 0.31 +16 0.30

Gianelli Pumping Plant (SWP) Mean Daily Pumping, cfs 0 m --- 554 Mean Daily Generation, cfs 2366 m --- 878 Salinity (EC), µS/cm 509 509 -1 493 DOC, mg/L 3.37 3.1 -9 3.06 TOC, mg/L 3.62 3.58 -2 3.36 Bromide, mg/L 0.24 m --- 0.24

Barker Slough Pumping Plant Mean Daily Pumping, cfs 106 104 -2 105 Salinity (EC), µS/cm 201 192 -5 198 Turbidity, NTU 41 21 -49 29

Victoria Near Byron Salinity (EC), µS/cm 297 330 +11 319

Delta Total Outflow.cfs Outflow, cfs 4997 6177 +23 6394 (Comments updated on 8/5/13)

Delta Conditions:

Sacramento River flow at Freeport is approximately the same as last week, about 16,500 cfs. No changes are expected through the week. Current flow conditions on the at Gridley show cfs at about 5500. The NOAA River Forecast Center shows a possible stage increase through 10 August. In the San Joaquin River (near Vernalis), flow is currently just over 520 cfs. It is predicted to decrease to 430 cfs by 10 August.

EC in the San Joaquin (at Vernalis) is averaging about 480 uS/cm. The predicted flow decrease could possibly produce an increased EC although the change would most likely be small. EC at Banks PP has been rising over the past month and as of 01 August; the average was 467 uS/cm. On the other hand, EC at stopped its upward trend on the 1st and has leveled off with the average coming in at about 490 uS/cm. Pumping has decreased from an average of 5818 cfs on 31 July to about 4000 cfs on 04 August. According to CDEC, daily average Delta total outflow was just above 6000 cfs on the 3rd and 4th. Model predictions show EC at selected points through 19 August leveling off. Could it be that EC's have peaked for the time being? EC above Jones pumping plant has also leveled off and is currently averaging just above 460 uS/cm. It leveled off on the same date as Clifton Court. Current average pumping just came up from 3272 cfs to 3515 cfs.

The overall organic carbon trend at Banks is downward with TOC concentrations coming in near 2.5 mg/L and DOC at 2.35 mg/L. (The closeness of the TOC and DOC data indicates that the filters are over loading or there is a possible internal clog inside the carbon instrument.) Like Banks, Jones PP OC is also trending downward with levels at about 2.3 mg/L TOC and 2.1 mg/L DOC. At the Sacramento River station at Hood, TOC is running at 1.45 mg/L and DOC at 1.3 mg/L. (Current data suggests filter or instrument clogging.) Current OC levels at Vernalis are 1.8 mg/L for TOC and 1.2 mg/L for DOC. The latest information from the station lead indicates that the data is bad due to insufficient sample flow.

Bromide at Banks is following EC and continues on an upward path. The current level is approximately 0.38 mg/L. At Vernalis, bromide is currently running at 0.22 mg/L and holding steady. Jones PP bromide appears to have leveled off following EC. The current level is 0.27 mg/L.

Pumping data from Gianelli is currently not available. Bromide levels are currently coming in at about 0.1 mg/L while TOC and DOC are running at 3.6 and 3.3 respectively. Instruments:

Banks: The instruments ran normally during the week. There was however an issue with the Sprint network on August 1st where we lost connectivity to the station. It was resolved later on the 1st.

Jones: The same situation occurred at Jones PP.

Vernalis: Since Vernalis is on a Verizon network, there was no connectivity issue. The anion instrument ran during the week without any issues. The carbon instrument on the other hand stopped reporting due to clogged filters at the end of the week.

Hood: The Sprint network issue hit Hood over the same time period as Banks and Jones. The carbon unit ran with TOC, DOC overlap early in the week.

Gianelli: The instruments ran normally throughout the week. Changes and what's new:

Forecasting - August 2, 2013

The Department of Water Resources and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation are currently conducting transfers and expect to continue doing so, when conditions allow, through the end of September. The maximum rate of planned transfers is 1,600 cfs. The attached files contain forecasted water quality at , near Middle River, San Joaquin River at Brandt Bridge, and Old River at Tracy Road as well as forecasted water levels at the following south Delta locations--Old River west of Union Island near Coney Island, Middle River at Howard Road, Old River at Tracy Road, Doughty Cut, and the head of Grant Line Canal for both the "with-" and "without-transfers" cases. In the “with transfers” case, an additional 1,600 cfs is being exported from the Delta.

The attached model results cover the period of July 30 – August 19, and are based on the following assumptions: - Gates were opened June 14 and remain open during the entire forecast period. - The Old River Tracy barrier is installed with all culverts tidally operating as of June 3. - The Middle River barrier is installed with all of the culverts tidally operating as of June 3 with the weir height raised to 2’ on Jun 21. - The Grant Line Canal barrier is fully installed with all culverts tidally operating as of June 19. - The Head of Old River barrier is not installed. - salinity control flash boards were removed and the boat lock was closed as of May 29. - San Joaquin River flows at Vernalis would decrease from 618 cfs at the beginning of the forecast period to 500 cfs by the end of the forecast period. (Recent Vernalis flows have been approximately 472 cfs.)

The model results showed no significant difference in forecasted low water levels between the base case and the alternative case at any station. Before and during the time we are planning to conduct transfers, DWR and Reclamation will monitor water levels at the five south Delta stations listed above. If we are not meeting the requirements of the Water Level Response Plan, the Projects would not initiate or would cease transfers until water levels improved.

Middle River at Howard Road is currently experiencing low water levels. In compliance with the Water Level Response Plan we have temporarily ceased transfers until conditions improve, at which time transfers may resume.

The model results show a potential impact of up to 0.05 mmhos/cm at Old River near Middle River. No significant impacts to water quality between the base case and the alternative case at Holland, Old River at Tracy Road, and SJR at Brandt Bridge were observed. The 30-day average electrical conductivity (EC) objective for the interior south Delta stations is 0.7 mmhos/cm April through September. South Delta EC is highest at the Old River at Tracy station; the current mean daily and 30-day average EC values are 0.90 mmhos/cm and 0.85 mmhos/cm EC, respectively. The trend of poor water quality in the south Delta is expected to continue through the summer and beyond due to the critically dry water year conditions along the San Joaquin River Changes and what’s new cont.

Temporary Barriers: The latest (26 July) temporary barriers information has been updated.

Weather

Forecasted precipitation: There is no precipitation predicted for the coming week.

Precipitation to date for Water Year 2012-2013: As of 04 Aug 2013, the Northern Sierra 8-station precipitation index has 44.3" of precipitation, which is 91% of average for this date.

As of 04 Aug 2013, the Southern Sierra 5-station precipitation index has 26.2" of precipitation, which is 66% of average for this date.

Average Statewide Snow Water Equivalents to date for Water Year 2012-2013: As of 12 June 2013, the average statewide snow water equivalents are 0.0” or 0% of normal for this date.

The North Snow Water Equivalents to date for Water Year 2012-2013: As of 12 June 2013, the average north snow water equivalent is 0.0” or 0% normal for this date.

The Central Snow Water Equivalents to date for Water Year 2012-2013: As of 12 June 2013, the average central snow water equivalent is 0.0” or 0% normal for this date.

The South Snow Water Equivalents to date for Water Year 2012-2013: As of 12 June 2013, the average south snow water equivalent is 0.0” or 0% normal for this date. The Webpage

Banks P.P. and Clifton Court Gates (µS/cm) Forecasted EC at Export and Diversion Locations

Jones Pumping Plant (µS/cm)

Rock Slough at Old River (µS/cm)

Old River at Los Vaqueros Reservoir Intake (µS/cm)

Victoria Canal near CCC Intake (µS/cm) Precipitation, Flow, and EC for the Sacramento River Precipitation (inches)

Flow (cfs)

Electrical Conductance (µS/cm) Precipitation, Flow, and EC for the San Joaquin River

Precipitation (inches)

Flow (cfs)

Electrical Conductance (µS/cm) Flow and EC for: Sacramento River, San Joaquin River and Banks P.P.

Flow (cfs)

Electrical Conductance (µS/cm) TOC and DOC for Hood, Vernalis, Banks P.P., Jones P.P. and O'Neill Forebay at Gianelli P.P. Total Organic Carbon by Oxidation (mg/L) Dissolved Organic Carbon by Oxidation (mg/L)

Sacramento River at Hood (mg/L) San Joaquin River at Vernalis (mg/L)

H.O. Banks Pumping Plant (mg/L) Jones Pumping Plant (mg/L)

O'Neill Forebay at Gianelli Pumping Plant (mg/L) Anion Concentrations Summary for All Stations Bromide (mg/L) Chloride (mg/L)

Nitrate (mg/L) Sulfate (mg/L) Anion Concentrations for Banks P. P. Bromide (mg/L) Chloride and Sulfate (SO4-2) (mg/L)

Nitrate (mg/L as NO3-) EC, Turbidity, Temperature, and Flow on the (NBA)

Electrical Conductance (µS/cm) Turbidity (NTU)

Water Temperature (F°) Flow (cfs) Fluorescence, Turbidity, Temperature, and Flow on the (SBA) Fluorescence Turbidity (NTU)

Water Temperature (F°) Flow (cfs) Fluorescence, Turbidity, UVA, EC, Temperature, Flow in the CA Aqueduct

Fluorescence Turbidity (NTU)

UVA (cm-1) Electrical Conductance (µS/cm)

Water Temperature (F°) Flow (cfs) San Luis Reservoir Storage, Delta Pumping, Delta Inflow and Outflow

San Luis Reservoir Storage H.O. Banks and Tracy Pumping plus Shares (millions of acre feet) Delta Total Outflow (cfs)

Calculated Delta Inflow and Delta Total Outflow (cfs) Multiple models, from source to the destination:

Watersheds: Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework (WARMF) • Sacramento River WARMF model (Flow and DOC) • San Joaquin River WARMF model (Flow and DOC)

Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: • DSM2 (Mature model, extensively used) • Artificial Neural Network model (ANN, in development)

State Water Project • DSM2 Aqueduct Extension Model (In operation, being refined)

Model Data Products • Weekly forecasts for the Delta, South Bay Aqueduct (SBA) and • Monthly Historical Fingerprints elucidating water source patterns • Seasonal forecasts Seasonal Aqueduct Forecast

EC at Checks 2,13,41 and for Inflows 90% Exceedance Level D1641 Restrictive May_2013 Allocation Study 1,000.00 800.00 600.00 400.00 Check 2 200.00

EC (us/cm) EC 0.00 Check 13 Check 41 Silverwood

Date Br at Checks 2,13,41 and for Silverwood Lake Inflows 90% Exceedance Level D1641 Restrictive May_2013 Allocation Study 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 Check 2 Br (mg/l) Br 0.10 Check 13 0.00 Check 41 Silverwood

Date Weekly EC forecast for selected sites in the Delta Victoria Island Canal EC Forecast

Historical EC Forecasted EC (W Transfers) Forecasted EC (W/O Transfers) 400

300

200

100

0 6/18/13 6/23/13 6/28/13 7/3/13 7/8/13 7/13/13 7/18/13 7/23/13 7/28/13

Weekly EC and bromide forecasts for the California Aqueduct

Forecasted EC at Check 21 500.00 400.00 300.00 200.00 Forecasted BR at Check 21 100.00 EC (us/cm) EC 0.00 With Transfers 0.25 0.20 Base Case 0.15 0.10

Br (mg/L) Br 0.05 0.00 With Transfers Date Base Case

Date Modeled Volumetric Fingerprint at Clifton Court Forebay (SWP) 100%

S 80% o Martinez 60% Delta Islands u East Side 40% r San Joaquin R c 20% Sacramento R e Percent of Source Water 0% Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07 Jul-07 Aug-07 Sep-07 F Modeled EC Fingerprint at Clifton Court Forebay (SWP) EC-Sac EC-SJR EC-EAST EC-Delta i EC-MTZ EC CLFCT-CDEC HBP-CDEC 800 n 700 g 600 500 e 400 300 r 200 p 100 0

r Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07 Jul-07 Aug-07 Sep-07 EC EC Source Contributions, uS/cm i Modeled DOC Fingerprint at Clifton Court Forebay (SWP) n DOC-SAC DOC-SJR DOC-EAST DOC-Delta DOC CLFCT-CDEC t 6 5 i 4 n 3 g 2 1 0

DOC Source Contributions, mg/L Contributions, Source DOC Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07 Jul-07 Aug-07 Sep-07 Improved Flow Simulation of the Sacramento River WARMF Model

Sacramento River at Bend Bridge (before and after model modification) Improved DOC Concentration Simulation of the Sacramento River WARMF Model

Sacramento River at Freeport Before and after model modification Verification and Improvement of the DSM2 Extension Model for the South Bay Aqueduct, California Aqueduct, and Delta Mendota Canal So, getting the data out provides…

…stakeholders with a vision into the future

 First, by analyzing real-time data for water quality which will eventually reach their facilities.

 Second, by providing models and forecasting tools.

 These give stakeholders

• the ability to make informed decisions regarding water operations

• and allow stakeholders to optimize and balance resource use which make water operations more efficient. Acknowledgements

Thanks to: Ted Swift Dennis Huff

Field Crew Staff: Steve San Julian Arin Conner Travis Brown Jeremy Del Cid Daniel Wisheropp

Modeling Staff

Bay Delta Office Hari Rajbhandari Siqing Liu

Operations and Control Office Bryant Giorgi James Edwards