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21H.991J / STS.210J Theories and Methods in the Study of History Fall 2004
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 21H.991J / STS.210J Theories and Methods in the Study of History Fall 2004 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Fall 2009 Instructor: Jeff Ravel T 10-1 STS 210J/21H.991J: Theories and Methods in the Study of History Overview: The purpose of this course is to acquaint you with a variety of approaches to the past used by historians writing in the last several decades. We will examine how these historians conceive of their object of study, how they use primary sources as a basis for their accounts, how they structure the narrative and analytical discussion of their topic, and what are the advantages and limitations of their approaches. One concern is the evolution of historical studies in the western tradition, which is not to say that the western approach is the only valid one, nor is it to suggest that we will only read histories of the west. But MIT and many of the institutions in which you will work during your careers are firmly rooted in western intellectual paradigms, and the study of times and places far removed from the western past has been deeply influenced by western historical assumptions. (And, to be honest, this is the historical tradition with which I am most familiar!) We will begin with a brief overview of the construction and deconstruction of historical thinking in the west from the European renaissance to the present. Then we will consider questions of scale, a major preoccupation of post-WWII historians: should history be written at the national, global, or micro level? Next, we will sample two of the more recent innovative trends in the historical profession, environmental history and gender history. -
Historicizing Nature: Time and Space in German and American Environmental Historiography
Historicizing Nature: Time and space in German and American environmental historiography Ursula Lehmkuhl 'History’s time is the plasma in which phenomena are immersed and the locus of their intelligibility' – Marc Bloch Introduction I.G. Simmons, the doyen of British environmental history, explains in the introduction to his “Environmental history of Great Britain from 10.000 years ago to the present”: The discipline of environmental history attempts … to undertake studies of environments in a way which highlights the interfaces between humans as agents, acting in the light of all their manifold human characteristics (both social and individual) and the non-human world in all its complexities and dynamics. … The best studies in environmental history also have one more feature. They carry through an environmental process involving both nature and culture from its beginning to its end. … since, however, words have to be placed sequentially it is rarely possible to deal with the simultaneity of the ramifications. … Hence, simplification in time and space is an inevitable part of the account which is given … 1. This reflection on the dimensions of time and space in environmental history points out conceptual difficulties that historians have to reckon with if they want to study “how people have lived in the natural systems of the planet, and how they have perceived nature and reshaped it to suit their own idea of good living” and if they start to investigate “how nature, once changed, requires people to reshape their cultures, economies, and politics to meet new realities” – as Louis Warren in his definition of environmental history suggests.2 Time – as well as space – is basic to history both with regard to what historians claim to present about the past and with regard to how they go about representing it. -
John R. Mcneill University Professor Georgetown University President of the American Historical Association, 2019 Presidential Address
2020-President_Address.indd All Pages 14/10/19 7:31 PM John R. McNeill University Professor Georgetown University President of the American Historical Association, 2019 Presidential Address New York Hilton Trianon Ballroom New York, New York Saturday, January 4, 2020 5:30 PM John R. McNeill By George Vrtis, Carleton College In fall 1998, John McNeill addressed the Georgetown University community to help launch the university’s new capital campaign. Sharing the stage with Georgetown’s president and other dignitaries, McNeill focused his comments on the two “great things” he saw going on at Georgetown and why each merited further support. One of those focal points was teaching and the need to constantly find creative new ways to inspire, share knowledge, and build intellectual community among faculty and students. The other one centered on scholarship. Here McNeill suggested that scholars needed to move beyond the traditional confines of academic disciplines laid down in the 19th century, and engage in more innovative, imaginative, and interdisciplinary research. Our intellectual paths have been very fruitful for a long time now, McNeill observed, but diminishing returns have set in, information and methodologies have exploded, and new roads beckon. To help make his point, McNeill likened contemporary scholars to a drunk person searching for his lost keys under a lamppost, “not because he lost them there but because that is where the light is.” The drunk-swirling-around-the-lamppost metaphor was classic McNeill. Throughout his academic life, McNeill has always conveyed his ideas in clear, accessible, often memorable, and occasionally humorous language. And he has always ventured into the darkness, searchlight in hand, helping us to see and understand the world and ourselves ever more clearly with each passing year. -
Social Justice Sampler
SAA SAAMPLER SAA SAASAMPLER MPLER LAWSOCIAL & ETHICS LAW & LAW & 6” 11/16” LAW6” JU &S TICE6” ETHICS.78” 6” PRIVACY & CONFIDENTIALITY PERSPECTIVES MPLER “ Today, legal issues are pervading archival administration more intensively and in more areas ETHICS ETHICS than ever before. Fortunately, a superb new manual, Navigating Legal Issues in Archives, “Privacy and Confidentiality Perspectives brings together a diverse selection of thoughtful and provocative essays that explore the legal, ethical, written by Menzi Behrnd-Klodt and published by the Society of American Archivists, is now administrative, and institutional considerations that shape archival available to guide archivists in facing such problems. While its predecessor, Archives and debates concerning the administration of access to records containing Manuscripts: Law, by Gary and Trudy Peterson, served the last generation well, the current personal information. It is essential reading for archivists, records impact of the law on archives has changed in both detail and extent. The coverage of this new managers, archival educators and students who wish to gain a deeper under-standing of this difficult archival issue—and it is bound to stimu- book reflects these changes well—its presentation is clear, thorough, and well-documented. late broader reflection and debate.” 9” The organization, index, and notes make the book easy to use and give assurance to its quality. — Nadine Strossen Its author and publisher are to be commended for an outstanding aid to their profession.” President, American Civil Liberties Union, and ORRIS OHEN Professor of Law, New York Law School – M L. C 9” ARCHIVISTS & ARCHIVAL RECORDS Professor Emeritus of Law, and Librarian (Retired), Yale Law School “Privacy and Confidentiality Perspectives fills a crucial void in the corpus of archival literature. -
The Long Arm of China: Exporting Authoritarianism with Chinese Characteristics
THE LONG ARM OF CHINA: EXPORTING AUTHORITARIANISM WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS HEARING BEFORE THE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION DECEMBER 13, 2017 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available at www.cecc.gov or www.govinfo.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 28–385 PDF WASHINGTON : 2018 VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:36 Sep 16, 2018 Jkt 081003 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\USERS\DSHERMAN1\DESKTOP\28385 DAVID CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Senate House MARCO RUBIO, Florida, Chairman CHRIS SMITH, New Jersey, Cochairman TOM COTTON, Arkansas ROBERT PITTENGER, North Carolina STEVE DAINES, Montana RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio TODD YOUNG, Indiana TIM WALZ, Minnesota DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California TED LIEU, California JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon GARY PETERS, Michigan ANGUS KING, Maine EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Not yet appointed ELYSE B. ANDERSON, Staff Director PAUL B. PROTIC, Deputy Staff Director (ii) VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:36 Sep 16, 2018 Jkt 081003 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 C:\USERS\DSHERMAN1\DESKTOP\28385 DAVID C O N T E N T S STATEMENTS Page Opening Statement of Hon. Marco Rubio, a U.S. Senator from Florida; Chair- man, Congressional-Executive Commission on China ...................................... 1 Kalathil, Shanthi, Director of the International Forum for Democratic Studies at the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) ........................................... 4 Tiffert, Glenn, Ph.D., an expert in modern Chinese legal history and a visiting fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution ........................................... 6 Richardson, Sophie, Ph.D., Director of China Research at Human Rights Watch ................................................................................................................... -
Selected Federal Asset Forfeiture Statutes
U.S. Department of Justice Criminal Division Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Section Selected Federal Asset Forfeiture Statutes Including Statutes Amended by the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act, the Stop Counterfeiting in Manufactured Goods Act, and the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act May 2006 Table of Contents Table of Contents • 16 U.S.C. § 1376. Seizure and Forfeiture of Cargo Title 7 (Marine Mammal Protection Act) ..........................10 • 7 U.S.C. §§ 2024(g) and (h). Forfeiture of Property • 16 U.S.C. § 1377. Enforcement (Marine Mammal Involved in Illegal Food Stamp Transactions; Protection Act) ........................................................11 Criminal Forfeiture ...................................................1 • 16 U.S.C. § 1540. Penalties and Enforcement Title 8 (Endangered Species) .............................................12 • 8 U.S.C. § 1324(b). Seizure and Forfeiture of • 16 U.S.C. § 1860. Civil Forfeitures (National Fishery Conveyances, Gross Proceeds, and Property Management Program) ...........................................17 Traceable to Such Conveyances or Proceeds ...........3 • 16 U.S.C. § 3374. Forfeiture (Lacey Act) ..............18 Title 15 • 16 U.S.C. § 3606. Violations and Penalties (North • 15 U.S.C. § 715f. Forfeiture of Contraband Oil Atlantic Salmon Fishing) .......................................18 Shipped in Violation of Law; Procedure ..................5 • 16 U.S.C. § 3637. Prohibited Acts and Penalties (Pacific • 15 U.S.C. § 1177. Civil Forfeiture -
Scholarship Suppression: Theoretical Perspectives and Emerging Trends
societies Review Scholarship Suppression: Theoretical Perspectives and Emerging Trends Sean T. Stevens 1, Lee Jussim 2,* and Nathan Honeycutt 2 1 The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA; sean.stevens@thefire.org 2 Department of Psychology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey—New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8554, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 September 2020; Accepted: 9 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: This paper explores the suppression of ideas within an academic scholarship by academics, either by self-suppression or because of the efforts of other academics. Legal, moral, and social issues distinguishing freedom of speech, freedom of inquiry, and academic freedom are reviewed. How these freedoms and protections can come into tension is then explored by an analysis of denunciation mobs that exercise their legal free speech rights to call for punishing scholars who express ideas they disapprove of and condemn. When successful, these efforts, which constitute legally protected speech, will suppress certain ideas. Real-world examples over the past five years of academics that have been sanctioned or terminated for scholarship targeted by a denunciation mob are then explored. Keywords: free speech; academic freedom; free inquiry; censorship; conformity; moral panics; witch hunts; heresy 1. Introduction “Protection, therefore, against the tyranny of the magistrate is not enough; there needs protection also against the tyranny of the prevailing opinion and feeling; against the tendency of society to impose, by other means than civil penalties, its own ideas and practices as rules of conduct on those who dissent from them ::: ” -John Stuart Mill (1859) The suppression of a scholarship is well documented throughout human history. -
Affective Colonialism, Power, and the Process of Subjugation in Colonial Virginia, C
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Dissertations Department of History 5-10-2017 TRIBUTARY SUBJECTS: AFFECTIVE COLONIALISM, POWER, AND THE PROCESS OF SUBJUGATION IN COLONIAL VIRGINIA, C. 1600 – C. 1740 Russell Dylan Ruediger American Historical Association Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_diss Recommended Citation Ruediger, Russell Dylan, "TRIBUTARY SUBJECTS: AFFECTIVE COLONIALISM, POWER, AND THE PROCESS OF SUBJUGATION IN COLONIAL VIRGINIA, C. 1600 – C. 1740." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2017. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_diss/56 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TRIBUTARY SUBJECTS: AFFECTIVE COLONIALISM, POWER, AND THE PROCESS OF SUBJUGATION IN COLONIAL VIRGINIA, C. 1600 – C. 1740 by RUSSELL DYLAN RUEDIGER Under the Direction of Charles Steffen, PhD ABSTRACT My dissertation explores tributary relationships between Algonquin, Siouan, and Iroquoian Indians and English settlers in Virginia, placing the process of political subjection into the heart of narratives of dispossession. Both indigenous Chesapeake and European political traditions shared ideas of tribute as a structure linking unequal, but conceptually autonomous and self-governing, polities in -
Early American Reading List 2010.Pdf
Jill Lepore History Department Harvard University Early American History to 1815 Oral Examination List Spring 2010 What Is Early America? Jon Butler, Becoming America (2000) Joyce E. Chaplin, “Expansion and Exceptionalism in Early American History,” Journal of American History 89, no. 4 (2003): 1431–55 Jack P. Greene, Pursuits of Happiness: The Social Development of Early Modern British Colonies and the Formation of American Culture (1988) Richard Hofstadter, America at 1750 (1971) D. W. Meinig, The Shaping of America: Volume 1 Atlantic America, 1492-1800 (1986) Alan Taylor, American Colonies (2001) Frederick Jackson Turner, The Significance of the Frontier in American History (1893) Primary Documents Cabeza de Vaca, Narrative Richard Hakluyt, Discourse on Western Planting John Winthrop, A Modell of Christian Charity Mary Rowlandson, The Sovereignty and Goodness of God The Diary of Landon Carter Alexander Hamilton, A Gentleman’s Progress Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia Thomas Paine, Common Sense The Declaration of Independence J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, Letters from an American Farmer The Federalist Papers Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin The U.S. Constitution Susannah Rowson, Charlotte Temple Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America Crossings David Armitage, The British Atlantic World, 1500-1800 (2002) David Armitage, “Three Concepts of Atlantic History,” British Atlantic World (2002) Bernard Bailyn, Atlantic History: Concept and Contours (2005) Bernard Bailyn, The Peopling of British North America: An Introduction (1986) 1492 (1972) Alfred Corsby, The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of David Eltis “The Volume and Structure of the Transatlantic Slave Trade: A Reassessment,” William and Mary Quarterly (2001). -
The “Right to Be Forgotten”: Asserting Control Over Our Digital Identity Or Re-Writing History?
The “right to be forgotten”: Asserting control over our digital identity or re-writing history? The case of Google Spain and Google Inc. v. AEPD & Mario Costeja González Alice Pease1, CNR-IRPPS Abstract The dramatic expansion of the Internet over the past twenty years has presented society with fresh dilemmas regarding the balance of non-absolute fundamental rights, specifically the conflict between the right to freedom of expression on the one hand, and the right to privacy and data protection on the other. In this context, this article analyses the recent case of Google Spain, concerning a Spanish citizen’s request to have personal information de-listed from internet search engines. Following a description of the case, the implications, as well as the controversies, surrounding the ECJ’s ruling on the “right to be forgotten” will be explored. The article concludes that despite the many grey areas left by the ECJ’s decision, the case has ignited an important discussion regarding individuals’ relationship with the Internet, which has moved beyond the legal arena and permeated civil society. Keywords “right to be forgotten”, right to privacy, freedom of expression, balancing of rights in the Internet age, search engines, Articles 7 and 8 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC). Introduction Typing one’s name into Google, however little famous we may consider ourselves to be, can wield a whole of host of results, from personal Facebook and Twitter pages to other more obscure memories, which we may have buried in the past. In this day and age, most of us have a digital identity made up of fragments of past and present accounts, comments, posts and photos. -
On the State of Environmental History
Volume 42 Issue 1 Winter 2002 Winter 2002 On the State of Environmental History Hal K. Rothman Recommended Citation Hal K. Rothman, On the State of Environmental History, 42 Nat. Resources J. 211 (2002). Available at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nrj/vol42/iss1/9 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Natural Resources Journal by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. BOOK REVIEWS THE STATE OF THE NATURAL RESOURCES LITERATURE Hal K. Rothman* on the State of Environmental History Books Discussed: ROBERT BULLARD, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and EnvironmentalQuality (1990). R. MCGREGGOR CAWLEY, FederalAnger, Western Land: The Sagebrush Rebellion and EnvironmentalPolitics (1993). WILLIAM CRONON, Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West (1992). WILLIAM CRONON, ed., Uncommon Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature (1996). WILLIAM DEBUYs, Enchantment and Exploitation: The Life and Hard Times of a New Mexico Mountain Range (1985). SAMUEL P. HAYS, Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency: The Progressive ConservationMovement (1959). NORRIS HUNDLEY, JR., The Great Thirst: Californiansand Water, A History (2001). KARL JACOBY, Crimes Against Nature: Squatters, Poachers, Thieves, and the Hidden History of American Conservation (2001). RODERICK NASH, Wilderness and the American Mind (1967). DONALD J. PISANI, From Family Farm to Agribusiness: The IrrigationCrusade in Californiaand the West, 1850-1930 (1984). DONALD J. PISANI, To Reclaim a Divided West: Water, Law and Public Policy, 1848-1902 (1992). DONALD J. PISANI, Water, Land, and Law in the West: The Limits of Public Policy, 1985-1920 (1996). -
„Estetika Nepřítomnosti“ Heinera Goebbelse Diplomová Práce
JANÁČKOVA AKADEMIE MÚZICKÝCH UMĚNÍ V BRNĚ Divadelní fakulta Ateliér scénografie Scénografie „Estetika nepřítomnosti“ Heinera Goebbelse Diplomová práce Autor práce: BcA. Jana Tkáčová Vedoucí práce: Doc. MgA. Marie Jirásková, Ph. D. Oponent práce: Doc. Mgr. Jan Štěpánek Brno 2017 Bibliografický záznam TKÁČOVÁ, Jana. „Estetika nepřítomnosti“ Heinera Goebbelse [Heiner Goebbels' “Aesthetics of Absence”]. Brno: Janáčkova akademie múzických umění v Brně, Divadelní fakulta, Ateliér scénografie, 2017, 83 s. Vedoucí práce Doc. MgA. Marie Jirásková, Ph. D. Anotace Diplomová práce „Estetika nepřítomnosti“ Heinera Goebbelse se zabývá analýzou přístupu Heinera Goebbelse k divadlu a jeho metodami tvorby s důrazem na teze, které prezentuje ve svých přednáškách a ve své práci. Goebbels se za 30 let své praxe dopracoval k principům otevřeného divadla „estetiky nepřítomnosti“, které dále rozvíjí ve své divadelní a pedagogické činnosti. Práce popisuje tyto principy v představeních Heinera Goebbelse, v moderním a současném umění a jejich prvky v reflexi vlastních projektů autorky práce. Annotation Diploma thesis Heiner Goebbels' “Aesthetics of Absence” deals with the analysis of Heinrich Goebbels' approach to the theater and its methods of production with emphasis on the theses presented in his lectures and his work. In thirty years of his practice, Goebbels worked on the principles of an open theater of "aesthetics of absence", which is further developed in his theatrical and pedagogical activities. The work describes these principles in the Heiner Goebbels' shows, in modern and contemporary art and their elements in the reflection of author's own projects. Klíčová slova Absence, hudební divadlo, prázdný střed, umělecké vzdělávání, nicota v umění. Keywords Absence, musical theater, empty center, artistic education, nothingness in art.