Social Justice Sampler

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Social Justice Sampler SAA SAAMPLER SAA SAASAMPLER MPLER LAWSOCIAL & ETHICS LAW & LAW & 6” 11/16” LAW6” JU &S TICE6” ETHICS.78” 6” PRIVACY & CONFIDENTIALITY PERSPECTIVES MPLER “ Today, legal issues are pervading archival administration more intensively and in more areas ETHICS ETHICS than ever before. Fortunately, a superb new manual, Navigating Legal Issues in Archives, “Privacy and Confidentiality Perspectives brings together a diverse selection of thoughtful and provocative essays that explore the legal, ethical, written by Menzi Behrnd-Klodt and published by the Society of American Archivists, is now administrative, and institutional considerations that shape archival available to guide archivists in facing such problems. While its predecessor, Archives and debates concerning the administration of access to records containing Manuscripts: Law, by Gary and Trudy Peterson, served the last generation well, the current personal information. It is essential reading for archivists, records impact of the law on archives has changed in both detail and extent. The coverage of this new managers, archival educators and students who wish to gain a deeper under-standing of this difficult archival issue—and it is bound to stimu- book reflects these changes well—its presentation is clear, thorough, and well-documented. late broader reflection and debate.” 9” The organization, index, and notes make the book easy to use and give assurance to its quality. — Nadine Strossen Its author and publisher are to be commended for an outstanding aid to their profession.” President, American Civil Liberties Union, and ORRIS OHEN Professor of Law, New York Law School – M L. C 9” ARCHIVISTS & ARCHIVAL RECORDS Professor Emeritus of Law, and Librarian (Retired), Yale Law School “Privacy and Confidentiality Perspectives fills a crucial void in the corpus of archival literature. Based upon the knowledge and experience of “ There are legal aspects to almost every function an archivist performs: accessioning, professionals who already have been forced to navigate their way through processing, access, and even preservation. Navigating Legal Issues in Archives is the single the maze of competing interests and the seemingly contradictory best introduction to the most problematic legal concerns of archivists. In our increasingly precedents, the readings describe situations to which archivists from any type of repository can relate. Archival educators especially will find litigious age, every repository should have a copy for reference, and every archivist should this anthology a gold mine of current information that can be used to keep a copy near at hand.” stimulate thought and discussion in classes and help to prepare the next generation of archivists for the challenges they will face.” Edited by Book Title Book Title – PETER B. HIRTLE Technology Strategist and CUL Intellectual Property Officer, Cornell University Library — Timothy L. Ericson Director of Archival Studies, Peter J. Wosh Menzi L. Behrnd-Klodt University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Goes Here Goes Here ISBN 1-931666-28-8 Browse archives titles at www.archivists.org/catalog Browse archives titles at www.archivists.org/catalog PMS 728 Pantone Process Black Navigating Legal Issues The Ethical Archivist Privacy & Confidentiality in Archives Chapter 5 Perspectives : Archivists & Book Title Book“Case Study: Title The Cigarette Papers.” Book Title Chapter Archives 21 Power: Memory, Political Pressure and the ArchivalArchives Records and Justice: A “Copyright & Related Rights Issues: by Elena S. Danielson Goes Here Goes Here GoesChapter 10Here Book Title Book Title Permissions,Accountability, Releases, and Music, Social and Archival Record South African Perspective “Balancing Privacy and Access: JusticeMoral Rights.” “The Role of the Archives in “Contesting Remembering and Opening the Mississippi State Goes Here Goes Here Protecting the Record from Forgetting: The Archive of South by“Resisting Menzi L. Political Behrnd-Klodt Power” Sovereignty Commission Records.” Political Pressure” Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation By Randall C. Jimerson By Chris Hurley byCommission” Sarah Rowe-Sims, Sandra Boyd, and H.T. Holmes By Verne Harris Compiled with an Introduction Compiledby with Lisa an A. IntroductionMix by Kathryn Michaelis and Nicole Milano Book Title Book Title Goes Here Goes Here SAA SAMPLER i SAA SAAMPLER SAA SAASAMPLER MPLER About the SAA Sampler Series The SAA Sampler Series features collections of select chapters from authoritative books on archives published by the Society of American Archivists. Produced exclusively electronically, the samplers are designed to give readers an overview LAWof a pertinent topic as well& as a taste of theETHICS full publications, which are available at www.archivists.org/bookstore. The content has been reproduced as it appeared LAW & LAW & in layout in the original books. Blue footer has been added to reflect page 6” 11/16” LAW6” & 6” ETHICS.78” 6” numbering for this compilation. PRIVACY & CONFIDENTIALITY PERSPECTIVES MPLER “ Today, legal issues are pervading archival administration more intensively and in more areas ETHICS ETHICS than ever before. Fortunately, a superb new manual, Navigating Legal Issues in Archives, Social “PrivacyJustice and Confidentiality Perspectives brings together a Contentsdiverse selection of thoughtful and provocative essays that explore the legal, ethical, written by Menzi Behrnd-Klodt and published by the Society of American Archivists, is now administrative, and institutional considerations that shape archival available to guide archivists in facing such problems. While its predecessor, Archives and debates concerning the administration of access to records containing Manuscripts: Law, by Gary and Trudy Peterson, served the last generation well, the current personal information. It is essential reading for archivists, records impact of the law on archives has changed in both detail and extent. The coverage of this new managers, archival educators and students who wish to gain a deeper under-standing of this difficult archival issue—and it is bound to stimu- book reflects these changes well—its presentation is clear, thorough, and well-documented. late broader reflection and debate.” 9” The organization, index, and notes make the book easy to use and give assurance to its quality. Introduction to the Social Justice— Nadine Strossen Sampler 1 Its author and publisher are to be commended for an outstanding aid to their profession.” President, American Civil Liberties Union, and ORRIS OHEN Professor of Law, New York Law School – M L. C 9” ARCHIVISTS & ARCHIVAL RECORDS Professor Emeritus of Law, and Librarian (Retired), Yale Law School by Kathryn Michaelis and Nicole Milano “Privacy and Confidentiality Perspectives fills a crucial void in the corpus of archival literature. Based upon the knowledge and experience of “ There are legal aspects to almost every function an archivist performs: accessioning, professionals who already have been forced to navigate their way through processing, access, and even preservation. Navigating Legal Issues in Archives is the single the maze of competing interests and the seemingly contradictory best introduction to the most problematic legal concerns of archivists. In our increasingly precedents, the readings describe situations to which archivists from any type of repository can relate. Archival educators especially will find litigious age, every repository should have a copy for reference, and every archivist should this anthology a gold mine of current information that can be used to keep a copy near at hand.” “Resisting Political Power,”stimulate from thought and Archives discussion in classes and helpPower: to prepare the Memory, Accountability, next generation of archivists for the challenges they will face.” Edited by Book Title Book Title – PETER B. HIRTLE Technology Strategist and CUL Intellectual Property Officer, Cornell University Library — Timothy L. Ericson and Social Justice Director of Archival Studies, Peter J. Wosh Menzi L. Behrnd-Klodt 5 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee by Randall C Jimerson Goes Here Goes Here ISBN 1-931666-28-8 Browse archives titles at www.archivists.org/catalog Browse archives titles at www.archivists.org/catalog “The Role of the Archives in Protecting the Record from Political Pressure,” from Political Pressure and the Archival Record PMS 728 Pantone Process 73 Black Navigating Legal Issues The Ethical Archivist Privacy & Confidentiality by Chris Hurley in Archives Chapter 5 Perspectives : Archivists & Book Title Book“Case Study: Title The Cigarette Papers.” Book Title Chapter“Contesting 21 Remembering and Forgetting: The ArchiveArchival of South Records Africa’s “Copyright & Related Rights Issues: by Elena S. Danielson Goes Here Goes Here GoesChapter 10Here Book Title Book Title Permissions, Releases, Music, and Truth and Reconciliation Commission,” from Archives and“Balancing Justice: Privacy A South and Access: Moral Rights.” African Perspective Opening the Mississippi State95 Goes Here Goes Here by Menzi L. Behrnd-Klodt Sovereignty Commission Records.” by Verne Harris by Sarah Rowe-Sims, Sandra Boyd, and H.T. Holmes Compiled with an Introduction by Lisa A. Mix Book Title Book Title © 2017 by the Society of American Archivists All rights reserved Goes Here Goes Here SAA SAMPLER ii Introduction to the Social Justice Sampler Kathryn Michaelis and Nicole Milano his sampler introduces key literature concerning the relationship Tbetween archives and social justice, an important and timely topic
Recommended publications
  • Report to UCL Octagon Small Grants Fund Sarah Gibbs 1 Conference: Rebel? Prophet? Relic? Perspectives on George Orwell in 2019
    Report to UCL Octagon Small Grants Fund Sarah Gibbs 1 Conference: Rebel? Prophet? Relic? Perspectives on George Orwell in 2019 24-25 May 2019 University College London (UCL) Conference Programme Summary UCL’s first George Orwell conference, Rebel? Prophet? Relic? Perspectives on George Orwell in 2019, took place on May 24th and 25th. The event explored all aspects of the author’s oeuvre and presence in popular culture, from the continuing significance of his masterpiece, the political dystopia Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), to his relationship to the British Empire and mid-century Fascism. Panelists discussed his reception history in different parts of the world, and adaptations of his work in a variety of media. The speaker list was international, and truly interdisciplinary. Presenters, who were academics, theatre directors, video game designers, authors, journalists, and members of the Armed Forces, traveled Report to UCL Octagon Small Grants Fund Sarah Gibbs 2 from Australia, Canada, Iraq, the United States, China, Germany, Scotland, and all parts of England to participate. The conference brought together a number of Orwell-focused organizations and institutions: the Orwell Foundation, the Orwell Society, and UCL Special Collections, holder of the Orwell Archive. Approximately forty members of the public also joined the event. The support of the Octagon Small Grants Fund not only allowed scholars to participate in a conference dedicated to Orwell, very few of which exist, but also enabled the University to positively engage with the community and publicize its projects and collections. Twitter: @UCL_Orwell_2019; #UCLOrwell2019 Report In 1945, George Orwell wrote of war-time rumours that American troops had come to England to thwart a communist revolution: “One has to belong to the intelligentsia to believe things like that.
    [Show full text]
  • Nineteen Eighty-Four
    Nineteen Eighty-Four This article is about the Orwell novel. For other uses, see 1984 (disambiguation). Nineteen Eighty-Four, sometimes published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by English author George Orwell pub- lished in 1949.[1][2] The novel is set in Airstrip One (for- merly known as Great Britain), a province of the super- state Oceania in a world of perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance and public manipulation, dic- tated by a political system euphemistically named English Socialism (or Ingsoc in the government’s invented lan- guage, Newspeak) under the control of a privileged Inner Party elite, that persecutes individualism and independent thinking as "thoughtcrimes".[3] The tyranny is epitomised by Big Brother, the quasi- divine Party leader who enjoys an intense cult of per- sonality but who may not even exist. The Party “seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power.”[4] The protagonist of the novel, Winston Smith, is a member of the Outer Party, who works for the Ministry of Truth (or Minitrue), which is responsible for propaganda and historical revisionism. His job is to rewrite past newspa- per articles, so that the historical record always supports A 1947 draft manuscript of the first page of Nineteen Eighty- the party line.[5] Smith is a diligent and skillful worker Four, showing the editorial development. but he secretly hates the Party and dreams of rebellion against Big Brother. As literary political fiction and dystopian science-fiction, his unforgiving novel” in 1944, the implications of divid- Nineteen Eighty-Four is a classic novel in content, plot ing the world up into Zones of influence that had been con- and style.
    [Show full text]
  • The Long Arm of China: Exporting Authoritarianism with Chinese Characteristics
    THE LONG ARM OF CHINA: EXPORTING AUTHORITARIANISM WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS HEARING BEFORE THE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION DECEMBER 13, 2017 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available at www.cecc.gov or www.govinfo.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 28–385 PDF WASHINGTON : 2018 VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:36 Sep 16, 2018 Jkt 081003 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\USERS\DSHERMAN1\DESKTOP\28385 DAVID CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Senate House MARCO RUBIO, Florida, Chairman CHRIS SMITH, New Jersey, Cochairman TOM COTTON, Arkansas ROBERT PITTENGER, North Carolina STEVE DAINES, Montana RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio TODD YOUNG, Indiana TIM WALZ, Minnesota DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California TED LIEU, California JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon GARY PETERS, Michigan ANGUS KING, Maine EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Not yet appointed ELYSE B. ANDERSON, Staff Director PAUL B. PROTIC, Deputy Staff Director (ii) VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:36 Sep 16, 2018 Jkt 081003 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 C:\USERS\DSHERMAN1\DESKTOP\28385 DAVID C O N T E N T S STATEMENTS Page Opening Statement of Hon. Marco Rubio, a U.S. Senator from Florida; Chair- man, Congressional-Executive Commission on China ...................................... 1 Kalathil, Shanthi, Director of the International Forum for Democratic Studies at the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) ........................................... 4 Tiffert, Glenn, Ph.D., an expert in modern Chinese legal history and a visiting fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution ........................................... 6 Richardson, Sophie, Ph.D., Director of China Research at Human Rights Watch ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sample Pages
    About This Volume Thomas Horan In his dystopian masterpiece Nineteen Eighty-Four, George Orwell deftly weaves political satire, cultural studies, linguistics, and prescient caveats into a haunting narrative replete with unforgettable characters and enduring motifs. Nineteen Eighty-Four is that rare book that transcends a niche genre—in this case, speculative ¿FWLRQ²WRDFKLHYHVHPLQDOVWDWXVZLWKLQERWKSRSXODUFXOWXUHDQG the canon of British and Commonwealth literature. Critical Insights: Nineteen Eighty-FourFRQWH[WXDOL]HV2UZHOO¶V¿QDODQG¿QHVWQRYHO within the author’s multidisciplinary oeuvre, the complex cultural climate of its composition, and the diverse range of critical responses WR WKH WH[W 7KH ¿UVW WKUHH HVVD\V ZKLFK FRPSULVH WKH ³&ULWLFDO Contexts” section of the book, address Nineteen Eighty-Four’s literary and historical importance as well as its ongoing relevance to contemporary readers, providing a foundation for further study and scholarly work. In his essay addressing Nineteen Eighty-Four’s cultural and historical background, Bradley W. Hart traces Orwell’s antiauthoritarian political development through the nineteen thirties and forties, focusing on Orwell’s increasing resistance to both left- DQGULJKWZLQJH[WUHPLVP7KURXJKDFORVHH[DPLQDWLRQRI2UZHOO¶V reaction to British domestic policy during the Second World War, Hart shows how Nineteen Eighty-Four was partially shaped by Orwell’s belief that unquestioning commitment to political ideology alienates people from the core sociopolitical values they espouse. ,Q WKH ³&ULWLFDO /HQV´ FKDSWHU 7RQ\ %XUQV SURYLGHV DQ overview of scholarship that questions the traditional notion that Nineteen Eighty-Four is an anti-utopia. Pointing to utopian possibilities embedded in Orwell’s overtly pessimistic dystopia, %XUQV GHPRQVWUDWHV KRZ 2UZHOO¶V ¿QDO QRYHO FDQ EH XQGHUVWRRG as a forerunner of the critical dystopias of the late twentieth and HDUO\WZHQW\¿UVWFHQWXULHVQDUUDWLYHVWKDWFRQFOXGHZLWKVXI¿FLHQW vii ambiguity to allow for the possibility, however remote, of social renewal.
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Federal Asset Forfeiture Statutes
    U.S. Department of Justice Criminal Division Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Section Selected Federal Asset Forfeiture Statutes Including Statutes Amended by the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act, the Stop Counterfeiting in Manufactured Goods Act, and the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act May 2006 Table of Contents Table of Contents • 16 U.S.C. § 1376. Seizure and Forfeiture of Cargo Title 7 (Marine Mammal Protection Act) ..........................10 • 7 U.S.C. §§ 2024(g) and (h). Forfeiture of Property • 16 U.S.C. § 1377. Enforcement (Marine Mammal Involved in Illegal Food Stamp Transactions; Protection Act) ........................................................11 Criminal Forfeiture ...................................................1 • 16 U.S.C. § 1540. Penalties and Enforcement Title 8 (Endangered Species) .............................................12 • 8 U.S.C. § 1324(b). Seizure and Forfeiture of • 16 U.S.C. § 1860. Civil Forfeitures (National Fishery Conveyances, Gross Proceeds, and Property Management Program) ...........................................17 Traceable to Such Conveyances or Proceeds ...........3 • 16 U.S.C. § 3374. Forfeiture (Lacey Act) ..............18 Title 15 • 16 U.S.C. § 3606. Violations and Penalties (North • 15 U.S.C. § 715f. Forfeiture of Contraband Oil Atlantic Salmon Fishing) .......................................18 Shipped in Violation of Law; Procedure ..................5 • 16 U.S.C. § 3637. Prohibited Acts and Penalties (Pacific • 15 U.S.C. § 1177. Civil Forfeiture
    [Show full text]
  • Scholarship Suppression: Theoretical Perspectives and Emerging Trends
    societies Review Scholarship Suppression: Theoretical Perspectives and Emerging Trends Sean T. Stevens 1, Lee Jussim 2,* and Nathan Honeycutt 2 1 The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA; sean.stevens@thefire.org 2 Department of Psychology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey—New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8554, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 September 2020; Accepted: 9 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: This paper explores the suppression of ideas within an academic scholarship by academics, either by self-suppression or because of the efforts of other academics. Legal, moral, and social issues distinguishing freedom of speech, freedom of inquiry, and academic freedom are reviewed. How these freedoms and protections can come into tension is then explored by an analysis of denunciation mobs that exercise their legal free speech rights to call for punishing scholars who express ideas they disapprove of and condemn. When successful, these efforts, which constitute legally protected speech, will suppress certain ideas. Real-world examples over the past five years of academics that have been sanctioned or terminated for scholarship targeted by a denunciation mob are then explored. Keywords: free speech; academic freedom; free inquiry; censorship; conformity; moral panics; witch hunts; heresy 1. Introduction “Protection, therefore, against the tyranny of the magistrate is not enough; there needs protection also against the tyranny of the prevailing opinion and feeling; against the tendency of society to impose, by other means than civil penalties, its own ideas and practices as rules of conduct on those who dissent from them ::: ” -John Stuart Mill (1859) The suppression of a scholarship is well documented throughout human history.
    [Show full text]
  • Infallibility Complex: the British Left and the Soviet Union, 1930-1950
    Infallibility Complex 31 Infallibility Complex: The British Left and the Soviet Union, 1930-1950 Greer Rose Gamble Third Year Undergraduate, Macquarie University In his 2003 Koba the Dread: Laughter and the Twenty Million, British novelist Martin Amis asks a pertinent question: why. Why ‘everybody knows of Auschwitz and Belsen’ but ‘nobody knows of Vorkuta and Solovetsky’, why ‘everybody knows of Himmler and Eichmann’ but ‘nobody knows of Yezhov and Dzershinsky’; and crucially, why ‘everybody knows of the 6 million of the Holocaust’ but ‘nobody knows of the 6 million of the Terror Famine’.1 Comparative historians have attempted to remedy this disparity, but the situation remains such that even Robert Conquest, Cold War era chronicler of the Stalinist Terror, replied when asked why he considered Hitlerism to be “worse” than Stalinism, ‘Because I feel it to be so.’2 This article intends not to challenge the elevation of the Third Reich over the USSR in historical comparisons of evil, but rather to look at why the Terror has not been granted the same prominence. I argue that a portion of responsibility for the disparity, as it applies to the Anglosphere at least, can be ascribed to a deliberate campaign of misinformation undertaken by parts of the Western literary Left, including of course the Communist and fellow-travelling but also occasionally the liberal democratic Left, in the 1930s and 40s. We will see that members of these groups took an active interest in the Soviet Union, and through their travels and researches were often among the first Westerners to discover information about state atrocities.
    [Show full text]
  • The “Right to Be Forgotten”: Asserting Control Over Our Digital Identity Or Re-Writing History?
    The “right to be forgotten”: Asserting control over our digital identity or re-writing history? The case of Google Spain and Google Inc. v. AEPD & Mario Costeja González Alice Pease1, CNR-IRPPS Abstract The dramatic expansion of the Internet over the past twenty years has presented society with fresh dilemmas regarding the balance of non-absolute fundamental rights, specifically the conflict between the right to freedom of expression on the one hand, and the right to privacy and data protection on the other. In this context, this article analyses the recent case of Google Spain, concerning a Spanish citizen’s request to have personal information de-listed from internet search engines. Following a description of the case, the implications, as well as the controversies, surrounding the ECJ’s ruling on the “right to be forgotten” will be explored. The article concludes that despite the many grey areas left by the ECJ’s decision, the case has ignited an important discussion regarding individuals’ relationship with the Internet, which has moved beyond the legal arena and permeated civil society. Keywords “right to be forgotten”, right to privacy, freedom of expression, balancing of rights in the Internet age, search engines, Articles 7 and 8 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC). Introduction Typing one’s name into Google, however little famous we may consider ourselves to be, can wield a whole of host of results, from personal Facebook and Twitter pages to other more obscure memories, which we may have buried in the past. In this day and age, most of us have a digital identity made up of fragments of past and present accounts, comments, posts and photos.
    [Show full text]
  • The Censorship of George Orwell's Essays in Spain1
    The Censorship of George Orwell's Essays in Spain1 ALBERTO LÁZARO (Universidad de Alcalá) While much of George Orwell's popularity rests on bis political fiction, particularly Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), his achievements as an essayist have also been widely celebrated. Apart from his books of extended reportage published in the 1930s - Down and Out in Paris and London (1933), The Road to Wigan Pier (1937) and Homage to Catalonia (1938) - Orwell's literary production of the 1940s inc1uded a very large number of reviews, artic1es and essays that appeared in a wide variety of periodical publications, such as the Observer, London Tribune, Manchester Evening News, The Listener, Partisan Review, Horizon, Left News and New Leader. Orwell only published two important collections of essays during bis lifetime, lnside the Whale (1940) and Critical Essays (1946), but irnmediately after bis death in 1950 several other volumes were produced, wbich gave English-speaking readers access to a wide variety of bis autobiographical, literary, political, sociological and cultural essays. In 1968 the four-volume Collected Essays, Joumalism and Letters oi George Orwell' edited by Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus, arrived as a brilliant c1imaxto Orwell's literary production, and gave further weight to the c1aimthat here indeed was a perceptive critic with a keen analytical eye and a persistent ability to tell unpleasant truths. During the Cold War period his essays were a much-quoted source in discussions of the threat of totalitarianism, imperialism in the East, the hypocrisy of intellectuals or the manipulation of the press during the Spanish Civil War.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984)
    An Introduction to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984) Nineteen Eighty-Four (commonly abbreviated to 1984) is a dystopian novel by the English writer George Orwell, and first published by Secker and Warburg in 1949 (but written in ’48). The book tells the story of Winston Smith and his attempt to rebel against the totalitarian state in which he lives. Along with Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, Nineteen Eighty-Four is among the most famous and most cited works of dystopian fiction in literature. Translations of the book are available in 15 languages and the novel itself has left a profound impression upon the English language: Nineteen Eighty-Four, its terminology and even its author have become bywords in discussions concerning privacy or state-security issues. The term "Orwellian" has come to describe actions or organizations reminiscent of the totalitarian society depicted throughout the novel. Novel history Title Originally Orwell titled the book The Last Man in Europe, but his publisher, Frederic Warburg, suggested a change to assist in the book's marketing. Orwell did not object to this suggestion. The reasons for the current title of the novel are not absolutely known. In fact, Orwell may have only switched the last two digits of the year in which he wrote the book (1948). Alternatively, he may have been making an allusion to the centenary of the Fabian Society, a socialist organization founded in 1884. The allusion may have also been directed to Jack London's novel The Iron Heel (in which the power of a political movement reaches its height in 1984), to G.
    [Show full text]
  • „Estetika Nepřítomnosti“ Heinera Goebbelse Diplomová Práce
    JANÁČKOVA AKADEMIE MÚZICKÝCH UMĚNÍ V BRNĚ Divadelní fakulta Ateliér scénografie Scénografie „Estetika nepřítomnosti“ Heinera Goebbelse Diplomová práce Autor práce: BcA. Jana Tkáčová Vedoucí práce: Doc. MgA. Marie Jirásková, Ph. D. Oponent práce: Doc. Mgr. Jan Štěpánek Brno 2017 Bibliografický záznam TKÁČOVÁ, Jana. „Estetika nepřítomnosti“ Heinera Goebbelse [Heiner Goebbels' “Aesthetics of Absence”]. Brno: Janáčkova akademie múzických umění v Brně, Divadelní fakulta, Ateliér scénografie, 2017, 83 s. Vedoucí práce Doc. MgA. Marie Jirásková, Ph. D. Anotace Diplomová práce „Estetika nepřítomnosti“ Heinera Goebbelse se zabývá analýzou přístupu Heinera Goebbelse k divadlu a jeho metodami tvorby s důrazem na teze, které prezentuje ve svých přednáškách a ve své práci. Goebbels se za 30 let své praxe dopracoval k principům otevřeného divadla „estetiky nepřítomnosti“, které dále rozvíjí ve své divadelní a pedagogické činnosti. Práce popisuje tyto principy v představeních Heinera Goebbelse, v moderním a současném umění a jejich prvky v reflexi vlastních projektů autorky práce. Annotation Diploma thesis Heiner Goebbels' “Aesthetics of Absence” deals with the analysis of Heinrich Goebbels' approach to the theater and its methods of production with emphasis on the theses presented in his lectures and his work. In thirty years of his practice, Goebbels worked on the principles of an open theater of "aesthetics of absence", which is further developed in his theatrical and pedagogical activities. The work describes these principles in the Heiner Goebbels' shows, in modern and contemporary art and their elements in the reflection of author's own projects. Klíčová slova Absence, hudební divadlo, prázdný střed, umělecké vzdělávání, nicota v umění. Keywords Absence, musical theater, empty center, artistic education, nothingness in art.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Lion and the Unicorn, Orwell Argues That the Patriotism of The
    Imagined and Imaginary Whales: George Orwell, Benedict Anderson and Salman Rushdie NICK HUBBLE, UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL ENGLAND, UK [email protected] Abstract: George Orwell, anticipating many of the arguments made by Benedict Anderson in the „Patriotism and Racism‟ chapter of Imagined Communities, illuminated patriotism and nationalism as shifting aspects of a wider dialectical interplay between an identification with imagined communities and a loyalty to humanity. Orwell‟s essay “Inside the Whale” can be seen, contrary to Salman Rushdie‟s criticism that it advocates quietism, as an essay about imaginary homelands. In this reading the whale is a metaphor for a dialectical space created by a writer in order to gain purchase on the unceasing dialectic of history. Analysis of The Lion and the Unicorn in this article links Orwell‟s work with that of Anderson and Rushdie by exploring in his vision of a classless England the relationship between the personal imaginary homeland and the political imagined community. Keywords: Class, Literature, Nationalism, Patriotism, Tropical Gothic. In The Lion and the Unicorn (1941), George Orwell argues that the patriotism of the common people is neither jingoistic nor militaristic, as exemplified by the fact that the most celebrated poems, such as Charles Wolfe‟s “The Burial of Sir John Moore after Corunna”, are about defeats. Five verses of Wolfe‟s poem are quoted by Benedict Anderson in Imagined Communities in order to illustrate how the imagined community of the English is both open to others through its shared learnable language – Moore and Wolfe were Irish – and closed by its relationship to “historical fatality” (146).
    [Show full text]