Cross-border Public Services (CPS) Targeted Analysis Final Report Scientific Report – Annex XII Case study report – Euregio Bayerischer Wald- Böhmerwald-Unterer Inn Version 16/11/2018 This targeted analysis is conducted within the framework of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme, partly financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The ESPON EGTC is the Single Beneficiary of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme. The Single Operation within the programme is implemented by the ESPON EGTC and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, the EU Member States and the Partner States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. This delivery does not necessarily reflect the opinions of members of the ESPON 2020 Monitoring Committee. Authors Stumm, Thomas (EureConsult) Advisory Group ESPON EGTC Nicolas, Rossignol Technical Support Schürmann, Carsten (TCP International) Acknowledgements Kaspar Sammer, director, EUREGIO Bayerischer Wald-Böhmerwald-Unterer Inn Dana Biskup,deputy director, EUREGIO Bayerischer Wald-Böhmerwald-Unterer Inn Information on ESPON and its projects can be found on www.espon.eu. The web site provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent documents produced by finalised and ongoing ESPON projects. This delivery exists only in an electronic version. © ESPON, 2018 Printing, reproduction or quotation is authorised provided the source is acknowledged and a copy is forwarded to the ESPON EGTC in Luxembourg. Contact: [email protected] Cross-border Public Services (CPS) Final Report Scientific Report – Annex XII Case study report – Euregio Bayerischer Wald-Böhmerwald-Unterer Inn Table of contents 1 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 2 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 2 3 The case study region at a glance .................................................................................... 3 3.1 Context conditions for CPSP at the border covered by the EuRegio................................ 3 3.1.1 Key features of the Euregio Bayerischer Wald-Böhmerwald-Unterer Inn ................ 3 3.1.2 Border-related effects with relevance for a development of CPS ............................. 4 3.2 Summary overview on CPS currently provided in the EuRegio ...................................... 14 4 CPS provided in the Euregio ........................................................................................... 20 4.1 Cross-border emergency helicopter "Christophorus Europa 3" ...................................... 20 4.1.1 Cross-border needs and opportunities motivating the setup of CPS ...................... 20 4.1.2 General and/or theme specific legal framework conditions for CPS ....................... 22 4.1.3 Production base for a provision of the CPS ............................................................ 25 4.1.4 CPS tasks and intervention approaches to address cross-border needs ............... 28 4.1.5 Organisational structures and processes for delivering the CPS ........................... 30 4.1.6 Conclusions, elements of good practice and outlook ............................................. 32 4.2 Integrated cross-border rail / bus service for seasonal tourism ...................................... 33 4.2.1 Cross-border needs and opportunities motivating the setup of CPS ...................... 33 4.2.2 General and/or theme specific legal framework conditions for CPS ....................... 36 4.2.3 Production base for a provision of the CPS ............................................................ 37 4.2.4 CPS tasks and intervention approaches to address cross-border needs ............... 42 4.2.5 Organisational structures and processes for delivering the CPS ........................... 47 4.2.6 Conclusions elements of good practice and outlook............................................... 47 5 The future of CPS in the Euregio .................................................................................... 49 5.1 Perspectives for a trilateral helicopter emergency medical service ................................ 49 5.1.1 Potential needs motivating the set-up of a trilateral helicopter service ................... 49 5.1.2 Legal, administrative and political framework needed for a new CPS .................... 51 5.1.3 Potential next steps in the Euregio ......................................................................... 54 5.2 Perspectives for cross-border public local transport services ......................................... 55 5.2.1 Current situation and future needs for CPS development in the Euregio ............... 55 5.2.2 Bavaria-internal coordination needs and county-level CPS potentials ................... 57 5.2.3 Potential next steps in the Euregio ......................................................................... 69 5.3 Assessment of future CPS development in general ........................................................ 70 6 Lessons learned, recommendations and transferability .................................................. 72 References .............................................................................................................................. 77 Documents and Literature ....................................................................................................... 77 List of interviews ...................................................................................................................... 84 Workshop participants ............................................................................................................. 84 ESPON 2020 ii List of Figures Figure 5–1 Nexus diagram - development path for new CPS or further improved CPS in the Euregio and likely impact ..................................................................... 71 List of Maps Map 3–1 Territory covered by the trilateral Euregio ........................................................ 3 Map 3–2 Physical map of the Euregio area .................................................................... 9 Map 3–3 Location of individual CPS along the border of the EuRegio ......................... 18 Map 3–4 Intensity of CPS along the border of the EuRegio ......................................... 19 Map 4–1 Area of operation of “Christophorus Europa 3” .............................................. 21 Map 4–2 The railway line “Passau-Freyung” (Ilztalbahn) ............................................. 34 Map 4–3 Railway transit corridors in the Czech Republic ............................................ 35 Map 4–4 Railway network in the Czech regions Pilsen (Plzeňský kraj) and South Bohemia (Jihočeský kraj) ............................................................................... 40 Map 4–5 Bus and rail lines covered by the “Donau- Moldau-Ticket” (2017) ............... 46 Map 4–6 Bus and rail lines covered by the “Donau- Moldau-Ticket” (2018) ............... 46 Map 5–1 Area of operation of Czech helicopter emergency medical services ............. 49 Map 5–2 Availability of and access to health care services in the Euregio .................. 50 Map 5–3 Rail und bus lines covered by the “Bayerwald Ticket” and “GUTi” (line network, summer 2017) ................................................................................. 60 Map 5–4 Rail und bus lines covered by the “Bayerwald Ticket” and “GUTi” (line- network, winter 2017) ..................................................................................... 60 Map 5–5 “Green Bus” and “Igelbus” lines in the national parks ................................... 64 List of Tables Table 3–1 CPS existing in the Euregio Bayerischer Wald-Böhmerwald-Unterer Inn ..... 15 Table 4–1 Number of Christophorus Europa 3 rescue flights realised between 2002 and 2017 ........................................................................................................ 29 Table 5–1 Current access to cross-border services (rail / bus) and future development potentials .................................................................................. 68 ESPON 2020 iii Abbreviations AEBR Association of European Border Regions CESCI Central European Service for Cross-Border Initiatives CJEU Court of Justice of the European Union CoR European Committee of the Regions CPS Cross-border public services CPSP Cross-border public service provision EC European Commission EEA European Economic Area EEC European Economic Community EFTA European Free Trade Association EGTC European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation ESPON European Territorial Observatory Network EU European Union EURES European Employment Services HEMS Helicopter emergency medical services MOT Mission Opérationnelle Transfrontalière ESPON 2020 iv 1 Summary As all other case studies of the ESPON 2020 Targeted Analysis project on “Cross-border Public Services”, the case study “Euregio Bayerischer Wald-Böhmerwald-Mühlviertel” pursues three main objectives. (1) Inventorying existing cross-border public services (CPS) in the case study region and analysing in-depth the practical functioning of some CPS that are of particular interest for the concerned stakeholders. (2) Assessing potentials for a further development of CPS with a view to assist regional stakeholders in launching new initiatives that may be implemented in a medium-term perspective. (3) Contributing to the establishment of an EU-wide knowledge base on CPS based upon a coherent conceptual