Bosnia and Herzegovina – Land of Diversity, First national Report of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the Convention on Biodiversity, Sarajevo, 2008
PUBLISHER Federal Ministry of Environment and Tourism
FOR PUBLISHER dr. sc. Nevenko Herceg, Minister
EDITORIAL BOARD dr. sc. Nevenko Herceg, President Tomislav Lukić, Consultant dr. sc. Sulejman Redžić, Member dr. sc. Senka Barudanović, Member dr. sc. Milenko Radević, Member
EDITORS dr. sc. Sulejman Redžić, dr. sc. Senka Barudanović, dr. sc. Milenko Radević
TECHNIAL ASSISTANCE Dejan Kulijer
EXECUTIVE PUBLISHER Buybook
REVIEWERS Prof. dr. Jasenka Topić Prof. dr. Paula Durbešić Prof. dr. Ivica Radović Dr. Viktor Simončić
AUTHOR OF PHOTOS dr. sc. Dubravka Šoljan, dr. sc. Čedomil Šilić, dr. sc. Sulejman Redžić, dr. sc. Midhat Usćuplić, Dejan Kulijer, Marinko Dalmatin
COVER DESIGN Tomislav Lukić
PHOTOS ON COVER: Chapter Diversity of species: Lilium bosniacum, chapter Diversity of Fauna: Tetrao urogallus, chapter Diversity of Fungi and Lichens: Geastrum lageniforme; chapter Diversity of Ecosystems: Maglić, chapter: Specific Landscapes of B&H: Fatničko polje; chapter: Genetic Resources: Punica granatum; chapter: Alien species: Reynoutria japonica, chapter: Management of Biodiversity: Wool Socks, traditional bosnian product
TRANSLATION IN ENGLISH Sabina Trakić
COMPUTER EDITING AND FOLDING Almir Salkić
PRINT Bemust, Sarajevo
EDITION 500 FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND TOURISM
OverviewPregled and istate stanje of biologicalbiološke i and krajobrazne landscapes raznolikosti diversity in Bosnia Bosne andi Hercegovine Herzegovina
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA —LAND OF DIVERSITY
Prvo izvješće Bosne i Hercegovine za Konvenciju o biološkoj raznolikosti
First national Report of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the Convention on biological Diversity
Studija Bosna i Hercegovina – Zemlja raznolikosti je urađena kroz Global Environment Facility (GEF) projekatThe study IMIS: Bosnia GFL-2328-2716-4850; and Herzegovina PMS: – Land GF/3010-05-06, of Diversity hasfinansiran been accomplished kroz United throughNations theEnvironment Global EnvironmentProgramme (UNEP),Facility (GEF) u cilju project pripreme IMIS: Strategije GFL-2328-2716-4850; i akcionog plana PMS:za zaštitu GF/3010-05-06, biološke i krajobrazne financially supportedraznolikosti by United Bosne Nations i Hercegovine Environment (NBSAP Programme BiH). Izvršna (UNEP), agencija in projekta order to u prepare Bosni i Hercgovinithe Strategy je and Action Plan of Bosnia and HerzegovinaFederalno ministrstvofor Biodiversity okoliša and i turizma.Landscape’s Protection (NBSAP BiH). The executive Agency of the project in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the Federal Ministry of Environment and Tourism.
Sarajevo, 2009.
UVODINTRODUCTION
Smještena na Balkanskom poluotoku, Bosna i Hercegovina je zemlja koja u sebi Bosniaoduvijek and nosi Herzegovina, visoki stupanj the land diverziteta that is situated kultura, on the tijesno Balkan povez Peninsula,an s diverzitetom has been carrying svih highkomponenti diversity našegof culture životnog strongly okoliša. attached to diversity of all environmental components since ever. Biodiverzitet i pejzažna raznolikost BiH karakteriziraju se izrazito visokom razinom Biodiversityjedinstvenosti, and landscape’s endemizma diversity i neponovljivosti, of B&H are characterized što ovom by prostoru high level daje of uniqueness, značaj na endemismregionalnoj and i globalnoj singularity, razini. making Florističko, our territory faunističko important iat boga regionaltstvo and gljiva global naše scale. zemlje ne ogleda se samo u visokom broju ovdje zastupljenih oblika, nego prije svega u visokom Richnessstupnju of diferenciranosti our country in terms od srodnika, of its flora, što fauna zasigurno and fungia svjedoči is reflected o vrlo not specifičnim only in great numberprocesima of genezeoccuring života forms, na but ovom also prostoru. in high level of differentiation from kindred species, which witnesses for sure on very specific genesis of life in the area. Diversity of ecosystems placedRaznolikost within mediterranean, ekosustava smještenihsupra-mediterra u nean, mediteranskim, mediterraneo-montane, submediteran upland, skim,high- mountainous,mediteransko-montanim, montane, peripannonian gorskim, and visokoplaninskim, pannonian landscapes brdskim, creates vivid peri imagepanonskim of Bosnia i andpanonskim Herzegovina, pejzažima, as a country stvara that živopisnu was born slikuin diversity. Bosne Moreover, i Hercegovine as a country kao zemlje that fulfills koja jeits existancerođena i opstajeright through upravo the na diversity, raznovrsnosti and as such i koja is je, being kao recognizabletakva, nadaleko in a wide prepoznatljiva. range.
RespectingPoštujući sve the bogatstvorichness of životalife as whole, i heterogenost and heterogeneity njegovih of formiits forms na onnašem our territory, području, through kroz thedokument document Strategija Strategy of BiH B&H sa with akcionim Action planomPlan for protectionza očuvanje of biological biološke andi pejzaž landscape’sne raznolikosti diversity (2008-2015),, basedzasnovan upon na the studiji study “„B&HBiH – – Zemlja Land of raznolikosti“, diversity“, we nastojimoendeavour utvrditito determine održive the sustainablepravce razvoja development društva direction koji će for nama our society, i budućim which shall generacijama ensure high osi qualitygurati of kvalitetulife in the preservedživljenja u environment očuvanom okolišu.for both us and generations to come. For it has been a signatory of the Convention on biological Diversity since 2002, Bosnia and Kao potpisnica Konvencije o biološkoj raznolikosti, Bosna i Hercegovina od 2002. Herzegovina follows the world trend regarding protection and sustainable use of biodiversity. godine slijedi svjetske trendove u očuvanju i održivom korištenju biodiverziteta. Assigning our forces to the activities undertaken as a contribution to Targets 2010, we Pridružujući svoje snage akcijama koje se poduzimaju u okviru Ciljeva 2010, nastojali endeavoured to recognize, emphasize and re-direct all pressures araising upon biodiveristy and smo uočiti, istaknuti i preusmjeriti pritiske na biodiverzitet i pejzaže BiH, kako bi landscapes in B&H, in order to minimize the identified and possible threats of biodiversity loss utvrđene i potencijalne opasnosti od gubitka biodiverziteta sveli na mjeru održivosti. to sustainable level. TheUspostava establishment Strategije of i Strategyakcionog and plana Action za očuvanjePlan for protectionpejzažne raznof biologicalolikosti, zasnovanaand landscape’s na diversityznanstvenim was based rezultatima on scientific većeg results broja obtained stručnjaka by a large iz cijeleteam zemljeof experts, dio from je all ukupnih over the country.aktivnosti This i nastojanja shall be considered Bosne i Hercegovine as a deal in actions da, svojim and attempts promijen ofjenim Bosnia odnosom and Herzegovina prema tookolišu, take an zauzme appropriate odgovarajuće position within mjesto the u processprocesu of europskih the European integra integration,cija. enforced by its changed attitude toward the environment. Članovi ekspertnog tima projekta, potpuno svjesni važnosti i značaja projektiranja Strategije,Members of pripremili the Project’s su expert obuhvatnu team, fully studiju, aware kojom of significance se po prvi and p importanceut daje cjelovit that pregleddesigning biološkeof the Strategy i pejzažne posseses, raznolikosti have prepared BiH. encompassing Studija je poslužila study, which kao kvalitetnahas, for the osnova first time, za uspostavubrought a complete ciljeva, čijimoverview će dostizanjem of biological naša and zajednicalandscape’s imati diversity veće inmogućnosti B&H. The razvoja, study was a prirodneapplied as vrijednosti a qualitative biti base očuvane for projection na sadašnjoj of targets, razini. whose accomplishment would provide more developmental options for a local community, leaving natural values preserved in their Studijomcurrent state. istaknute tradicionalne vrijednosti, sadržane u starim znanjima i praksama, a čiji je gubitak evidentan i na globalnoj razini, danas predstavljaju potencijal kojim Bosna iTraditional Hercegovina values može contained otvoriti in old potpuno knowledge nove and pravce practices razvoja which i naćiwere svojeunderlined mjesto in the na svjetskimstudy, and tržištimawhose loss zdrave became hrane, obvious fitofarmacije on global scale, i ekoturizma. represent today a potential that could open completely new development direction for Bosnia and Herzegovina and help it to find its place on the world market of healthy food, phytopharmaceutics and ecotourism. By afore mentioned documents, Bosnia and Herzegovina sets a clear route for actions in the field of Danim dokumentima, Bosna i Hercegovina uspostavlja jasne pravce djelovanja u natureoblasti management upravljanja whichprirodom, is, on kojione hand,su s jedne independent strane neovisni on short-termed o kratkoročnim socio-political društveno- events, whilepolitičkim on the događanjima,other, it is firmly a sattached druge to strane sustainable čvrsto progress povezani in existing s održ economicivim napretkom sectors of ourpostojećih society. gospodarskih sektora našeg društva. The Federal Ministry of Environment and Tourism bears the responsibility of present moment towardS aspekta the B&H’s očuvanja future prirode,quality, in odgovornostterms of nature sadašnjeg protection, trenutkafor it is a focal prem pointa kvaliteti for the implementationbudućnosti BiH, of nosithe Convention Federalno onministarstvo biological Diversity okoliša ini turizmaBosnia and kao Herzegovina. ključna točka In theza courseimplementaciju of project’s Konvencijerealization, preparation o biodiverzitetu of study u andBosni set i up Hercegovin of the strategy,i. Tijekom the department realizacije of Federalprojekta Ministry studije hasi uspostave undergone Strategije, number of resorno changes federalnoin its structure mini andstarstvo organization. doživjelo However, je niz promjena u strukturi i organizaciji. Ipak, niti u jednom trenutku realizacije projekta, the significance of project hasn’t allowed a single delays in the project’s realization to occur njegova važnost nije dozvoljavala zastoje uslijed promjena, što jasno govori o našoj because of these changes. This speaks for our commitment to undertake responsibility for the namjeri da preuzmemo odgovornost i u provođenju utvrđene strategije. implementation of Strategy, too. WeSvjesni are aware smo istineof the kakofact that je budućnost future of this ove country zemlje is uskotightly povezana attached tos njenimits quality kvalitetama and wealth. i Majorbogatstvima. proportion Najveći of that dio tihwealth bogatstava is contained sadržan within je u prirodnimnatural beauties ljepotama and rarities,i rijetkostima, whose significancečiji je značaj dalekoon global veći scale od is lokalnoga. much greater than the one on local scale. Hence, as a country, we acceptStoga, tokao be zemlja, responsible prihvaćamo for their protectionodgovornost and zasustainabilty. njihovo očuvanje i održivost.
Nevenkodr.sc. Nevenko Herceg, Herceg PhD. In the project’s realization participated: Project’s coordinator: lanovi radnih grupa i autori izvještaja: SenkaKoordinator Barudanović, projekta: PhD. Faculty of Science at Sarajevo assistant professor University Dr. Senka Barudanovi , docent Prirodno-matemati ki = fakultet Univerziteta u = Expert team leaders: Sarajevu
SulejmanRukovodioci Redžić, ekspertnog PhD. tima: Faculty of Science at Sarajevo full-time professor University , redovni Prirodno-matemati ki profesor fakultet Univerziteta u Milenko Radević, PhD. FacultySarajevu of Science= at Banja Luka part-time professor University Dr. Milenko Radevi , vanredni Prirodno-matemati ki = profesor fakultet Univerziteta u Banja Luci= Expert Team
Ekspertni tim: Working Group (WG): Diversity of FloraRadna in Bosnia grupa: and Diverzitet Herzegovina flore Bosne i Hercegovine
WG’sRukovodilac leader: radne grupe: == DubravkaDr. Dubravka Šoljan, Šoljan,PhD. redovni FacultyPrirodno-matemati ki of Science at Sarajevo Flora viših biljaka Diversity of vascular flora full-timeprofesor professor= Universityfakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu= === WG’s members: lanovi radne grupe: = = Sulejman , Redžić, PhD. redovni FacultyPrirodno-matemati ki of Science at Sarajevo Flora viših biljaka Diversity of vascular flora full-timeprofesor professor= Universityfakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu= Čedomil Šilić, PhD. National Museum of B&H Diversity of vascular flora ScientificDr. edomil adviser, Šili , retired nau ni savjetnik Zemaljski muzej BiH Flora viših biljaka u penziji DubravkaDr. Dubravka Hafner, Hafner,PhD. docent Faculty Pedagoški of Pedagogics fakultet at Mostar DiverzitetDiversity cijanobakterija of cyanobacteria i and assistant professor UniversitySveu ilišta u Mostaru algialges = Dr. Branislav Nedovi , redovni Prirodno-matemati ki Diverzitet papratnja a= Branislav Nedović, PhD. Faculty of Science at Banja Luka Diversity of ferns full-timeprofesor professor Universityfakultet Univerziteta u Banja Luci= Nada Šumatić, PhD. Faculty of Forestry at Banja Luka Dr. Nada Šumati , vanredni Šumarski fakultet FloraDiversity viših biljaka of vascular flora part-timeprofesor professor UniversityUniverziteta u Banja Luci= = WG’s associates: Saradnici radne grupe:
Petar Grgić, PhD. Faculty of Science at Banja Luka Dr. Petar Grgi , redovni profesor Prirodno-matemati ki DiverzitetDiversity mahovina of mooses full-time professor Universityfakultet Univerziteta u Banja Luci= Željka Bjelčić, PhD. National Museum of B&H Diversity of vascular flora Scientific i , adviser, retired nau ni savjetnik Zemaljski muzej BiH Flora viših biljaka u penziji Lijerka Kutleša, M.Sci. Faculty of Science at Sarajevo Diversity of vascular flora assistant professor, retired University Nikola Janjić, PhD. Faculty of Forestry at Sarajevo Diversity of vascular flora professor emeritus University Mr. Lijerka Kutleša, docent u Prirodno-matemati ki Flora viših biljaka Ljubomir Mišić, PhD. Faculty of Agriculture at Sarajevo Diversity of vascular flora part-timepenziji professor, retired Universityfakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu Edina Muratović, PhD. Faculty of Science at Sarajevo 7_=.041&= &3/.L, profesor Šumarski fakultet u FloraDiversity viših biljaka of vascular= flora higher assistant University emeritus Sarajevu SabahetaDr. Ljubomir Abadžić, Miši , vanredni Poljoprivredni fakultet Flora viših biljaka National Museum of B&H Diversity of vascular flora adviserprofesor in the u Museumpenziji Univerziteta u Sarajevu Dr. Edina Muratovi , viši asistent Prirodno-matemati ki Flora viših biljaka= fakultet Univerziteta u Working Group (WG): Diversity of = fauna in B&H Sarajevu , muzejski Zemaljski muzej BiH Flora viših biljaka savjetnik WG’s leader: = Milenko Radević, PhD. Faculty== of Science at Banja Luka Radna grupa: Diverzitet faune BiH Diversity of vertebrates part-time professor University = Rukovodilac radne grupe: = WG’sDr. members:Milenko Radevi , vanredni Prirodno-matemati ki Diverzitet ki menjaka= profesor fakultet Univerziteta u Banja Luci Boro Pavlović, PhD. Faculty of Science at Banja Luka = Diversity of invertebrates full-time professor University lanovi radne grupe: = == Rifat Škrijelj, PhD. Faculty of Science at Sarajevo Diversity of invertebrates and part-timeDr. Boro professor Pavlovi , redovni UniversityPrirodno-matemati ki Diverzitetvertebrates beski menjaka (fishes) = profesor fakultet Univerziteta u Suvad Lelo, PhD. Faculty of Science at Sarajevo Banja Luci= Diversity of invertebrates assistant professor University Dr. Rifat Škrijelj, vanredni Prirodno-matemati ki Diverzitet beski menjaka i Sadberaprofesor Trožić-Borovac, PhD. Facultyfakultet of Science Univerziteta at Sarajevo u ki menjaka (ribe)= Diversity of invertebrates assistant professor UniversitySarajevu= Dr. Suvad Lelo, docent Prirodno-matemati ki Diverzitet beski menjaka= fakultet Univerziteta u WG’s associates: Sarajevu= - Borovac, Prirodno-matemati ki Diverzitet beski menjaka= Dražendocent Kotrošan, M.Sci. fakultet Univerziteta u Diversity of vertebrates (birds, National Museum of B&H custos Sarajevu= mammals)
Samir Đug, PhD. Faculty of Science at Sarajevo Saradnici radne grupe: Diversity of vertebrates assistant professor University
Šefkija ) ` 8 8 Muzaferović, M.Sci. Faculty $ maljski of Science muzej at Sarajevo BiH DiverzitetDiversity ki menjaka of vertebrates (ptice, Higher assistant University sisari)(mammals)= Dr. Samir %ug, docent Prirodno-matemati ki Diverzitet ki menjaka = fakultet Univerziteta u Working Group (WG): Diversity of Sarajevu= fungi and lichens Mr. Šefkija Muzaferovi , viši Prirodno-matemati ki Diverzitet ki menjaka (sisari)= asistent fakultet Univerziteta u = WG’s leader: Sarajevu Mithat Usčuplić, PhD. professorRadna grupa:emeritus, Diverzitet corresponding gljiva i ANU B&H Diversity of fungi member of ANU B&H WG’s members: lišajeva Sulejman Redžić, PhD. Faculty of Science at Sarajevo Diversity of lichens full-timeRukovodilac professor radne grupe: University Dr. Mithat Us upli , profesor ANU BiH Diverzitet gljiva emeritus, dopisni lan ANU BiH Working Group (WG): Diversity of ecosystems and landscapes in Bosnia lanovi and radneHerzegovina grupe: == WG’sleader: , redovni Prirodno-matemati ki Diverzitet lišajeva profesor fakultet Univerziteta u = Diversity and assessment of Sarajevu ecosystem’s state of woods, Sulejman Redžić, PhD. Faculty of Science at Sarajevo wetlands and dry habitats; Full-time professor University Radna grupa: Diverzitet refugio-relict ecosystems, 8 8 5 ? 8 alpine ecosystems Hercegovine WG’s members: Rukovodilac radne grupe: , redovni Prirodno-matemati ki Diverzitet i procjena stanja Zoological component Boroprofesor Pavlović, PhD. Facultyfakultet of Science Univerziteta at Banja Luka u ekosistemain refugial šuma, ecosystems, mo varnih full-time professor UniversitySarajevu i sušnihzoocoenoses staništa; in refugijalnihAdriatic and i reliktnihBlack Sea ekosistema, basin Jakov Pehar, PhD. Faculty of Agronomy at Mostar planinskihDiversity ekosistemaof agro- professor emeritus University phytocoenoses lanovi radne grupe: Đuro Marić, PhD. Faculty of Science at Banja Luka Demography and Space full-time professor University Economy Dr. Boro Pavlovi , redovni Prirodno-matemati ki Zoološka komponenta profesor fakultet Univerziteta u refugijalnihStrucutre andekosistema, state’s Zoran Maunaga, PhD. Faculty of Forestry at Banja Luka assessment of mesophilous Banja Luci= zoocenoze jadranskog i full-time professor University and hygrophilous wooded = crnomorskogecosystems sliva Dr. Jakov Pehar, profesor emeritus Agronomski fakultet DiverzitetDiversity agrofitocenoze of dry habitats = Nevenka Pavlović, PhD. Faculty of Science at Banja Luka = with state of zoocoenoses, part-time professor UniversitySveu ilišta u Mostaru Dr. %uro Mari , redovni profesor Prirodno-matemati ki Demografijapaleozoološki i ekonomika nalazi u BiH Facultyfakultet of Forestry Univerziteta at Banja Lukau prostora= Nada Šumatić, PhD. Diversity of arable land UniversityBanja Luci= Dr. Zoran Maunaga, redovni Šumarski fakultet Strukture i procjena stanja Mihajlo Marković, PhD. Faculty of Agriculture at Banja Diversity of soil in B&H part-timeprofesor professor LukaUniverziteta University u Banja mezofilnih i higrofilnih Luci= šumskih ekosistema= Dubravka Hafner, PhD. Faculty of Pedagogigcs at Mostar Dr. Nevenka Pavlovi , vanredni Prirodno-matemati ki DiverzitetPhytobenthos sušnih in sz streamstaništa sa assistantprofesor professor Universityfakultet Univerziteta u stanjem zoocenoza, Banja Luci= paleozoološki nalazi u BiH= Milenko Radević, PhD. Faculty of Science at Banja Luka Diversity of zoocoenoses in part-timeDr. Nada professor Šumati University Šumarski fakultet Diverzitetwetlands obradivih staništa= Univerziteta u Banja Branislav Nedović, PhD. FacultyLuci of= Science at Banja Luka Diversity of hydrophilous full-time professor University meadows in B&H Dr. Mihajlo Markovi , vanredni Poljoprivredni fakultet Raznolikost zemljišta BiH= Murisprofesor Spahić, PhD. FacultyUniverziteta of Science at u SarajevoBanja Geosystems in B&H full-time professor UniversityLuci Dr. Dubravka Hafner, docent Pedagoški fakultet Fitobentos teku ica= Senka Barudanović, PhD. Faculty of Science at Sarajevo Diversity of beech woods in assistant professor University B&H Diversity of mesophilous Ljiljana Topalić-Trivunović, PhD. Faculty of Technology at Banja meadows and ruderal assistant professor Luka University vegetation Sveu ilišta u Mostaru= Sadbera Trožić-Borovac, PhD. Faculty of Science at Sarajevo Dr. Milenko Radevi , vanredni Prirodno-matemati ki DiverzitetZoobenthos zoocenoza assistantprofesor professor Universityfakultet Univerziteta u mo varnih staništa= Banja Luci= Dr. Branislav Nedovi , redovni Prirodno-matemati ki Diverzitet hidrofilnih livada WG’s associates: profesor fakultet Univerziteta u BiH= Banja Luci= DavorinDr. Muris Bajić, Spahi , M.Sci. redovni profesorFaculty Prirodno-matemati ki of Science at Banja Luka Geosistemi BiH= Demography higher assistant Universityfakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu= Dr. Senka Barudanovi , docent Prirodno-matemati ki Diverzitet bukovih šuma Working Group (WG): Diversity of genetic resources and fakultet Univerziteta u BiH biotechnology Sarajevu= Dr. Ljiljana Topali - Trivunovi , Tehnološki fakultet Diverzitet mezofilnih livada i = WG’sdocent leader: Univerziteta u Banja ruderalne vegetacije Luci= Rifat Hadžiselimović, PhD. Borovac, FacultyPrirodno-matemati ki of Science at Sarajevo ZoobentosGenetic diversity and full-time professor University biotechnology docent fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu= = WG’s members: Saradnici radne grupe: = = MilanMr. Mataruga,Davorin Baji , PhD. viši asistent Faculty Prirodno-matemati ki of Forestry at Banja Luka DemografijaGenetic diversity= and assistant professor University biotechnology fakultet Univerziteta u Banja Luci= Working Group (WG): Invasive speciesRadna grupa: Diverzitet geneti kih resursa i biotehnologija
WG’s leader: Rukovodilac radne grupe: Jakov Pehar, PhD. Faculty of Agronomy at Mostar + + 8 ; , redovni Prirodno-matemati ki Geneti kaInvasive raznolikostplants i full-time professor University profesor fakultet Univerziteta u biotehnologija Sarajevu WG’s members: lanovi radne grupe: == Dubravka Šoljan, PhD. Faculty of Science at Sarajevo Dr. Milan Mataruga, docent Šumarski fakultet Geneti kaInvasive raznolikostplants i full-time professor University Univerziteta u Banja biotehnologija= FacultyLuci of Agriculture at Banja Mihajlo Marković, PhD. Invasive plants Luka University Radna grupa: Invazivne vrste Dragan Mikavica, PhD. Faculty of Science at Banja Luka Invasive fishes full-time professor University Rukovodilac radne grupe: Ljiljana Topalić-Trivunović, PhD. Faculty of Technology at Banja Dr. Jakov Pehar, redovni profesor Agronomski fakultet InvazivneInvasive plantsvrste biljaka assistant professor Luka University Sveu ilišta u Mostaru Vojislav Trkulja, PhD. Agricultural Institute of RS Invasive fungi assistant lanovi professor radne grupe: WG’s associates:
Danijela Petrović Faculty of Agronomy at Mostar Invasive plants Dr. Dubravka Šoljan, redovni Prirodno-matemati ki Invazivne vrste biljaka Edina Muratović, PhD. Faculty of Science at Sarajevo profesor fakultet Univerziteta u Invasive plants higher assistant UniversitySarajevu= SabahetaDr. Mihajlo Abadžić, Markovi adviser in the Poljoprivredni fakultet Invazivne vrste biljaka National Museum of B&H Invasive plants Museum Univerziteta u Banja Luci Dr. Dragan Mikavica, redovni Prirodno-matemati ki Invazivne vrste riba Workingprofesor Group (WG): Integrated fakultet Univerziteta u environmental management Banja Luci= Dr. Ljiljana Topali – Trivunovi , Tehnološki fakultet Invazivne vrste biljaka= WG’sdocent leaders: Univerziteta u Banja MinistryLuci for physical planning, Concept of ecological ProkoDr. VojislavDragosavljević, Trkulja, PhD. docent urbanism, Poljoprivredni construction institut and Invazivne vrste gljiva education ecologyRS of RS Ministry== for physical planning, Zdravko Begović urbanism,== construction and Saradnici radne grupe: ecology of RS == Danijela Petrovi Agronomski fakultet, Invazivne vrste biljaka= WG’s members: Mostar= Dr. Edina Muratovi , viši asistent Prirodno-matemati ki Invazivne vrste biljaka= Sulejman Redžić, PhD. Facultyfakultet of Science Univerziteta at Sarajevo u Management of ecologically full-time professor UniversitySarajevu= valuable areas , muzejski Zemaljski muzej BiH Invazivne vrste biljaka= Milenko Radević, PhD. Faculty of Science at Banja Luka Eestablishment possibilities savjetnik part-time professor University for ecological network in B&H
Senka Barudanović, PhD. Faculty of Science at Sarajevo Radna grupa: Integrisano Models of nature management assistantupravljanje professor okolišem University International documents of Ministry of environment and Mehmed Cero, M.Sci. importance for biodiversity Rukovodioci radne grupe: tourism FB&H management in B&H Dr. Proko Dragosavljevi Ministarstvo za Koncept ekološkog Position and role of prostorno ureRenje, obrazovanjabiodiversity within Ministry of agriculture, water Alojz Dunđer urbanizam, institutional framework; management and forestry FB&H graRevinarstvo i current modes of managment ekologiju RS in protected areas in B&H Zdravko Begovi Ministarstvo za Traditional knowledge Ministryprostorno of environment ureRenje, and and public awareness; Azra Korać-Mehmedović tourismurbanizam, FB&H protected areas; cross-sector graRevinarstvo i implementation of CBD ekologiju RS Rada Maunaga JP, Srpske šume, Banja Luka Protected forest areas lanovi radne grupe: == ==Protection of biodiversity in Suada Čatović Government of Brčko District Brčko District , redovni Prirodno-matemati ki Upravljanje ekološki profesor fakultet Univerziteta u vrijednim podru jima Sarajevu Dr. Milenko Radevi , vanredni Prirodno-matemati ki Mogu nosti uspostave profesor fakultet Univerziteta u ) += Banja Luci= Dr. Senka Barudanovi , docent Prirodno-matemati ki Modeli upravljanja prirodom fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu= Mr. Mehmed Cero Ministarstvo okoliša i MeRunarodne dokumenti ? 1 + zna ajni za upravljanje ; ? +b = Alojz DunRer Ministarstvo Mjesto i uloga biodiverziteta poljoprivrede, 8 ( ; b vodoprivrede i postoje i na ini upravljanja ) 8 ; 1 + zašti enim podru += Azra Kora -Mehmedovi Ministarstvo okoliša i Tradicionalna znanja i javna ? 1 + 8; 8 b ? ) ena podru b Intersektorska implementacija CBD= Rada Maunaga JP, Srpske šume, Banja Zašti ena šumska podru ja= Luka Suada atovi Vlada Br ko Distrikta Zaštita biodiverziteta u Br ko Distriktu= =
IZVRŠNI REZIME
Na osnovu člana 6a Konvencije o biološkoj raznolikosti, Bosna i Hercegovina je realiziralaEXECUTIVE projekat pripreme SUMMARY Strategije BiH sa akcionim planom za očuvanje biološke i pejzažne raznolikosti (2008-2015). Osnova za donošenje Strategije je studija biološke i pejzažne raznolikosti pod nazivom „Bosna i Hercegovina – Zemlja raznolikosti“, koja ujedno predstavlja i Prvi nacionalni izvještaj naše zemlje prema CBD-u. BasedRealizacija on the projekta Article 6a je of počela the Convention u januaru on2006. Biological godine, Diversity, od strane Bosnia Federalnog and Herzegovina ministarstva has prostornogrealized a project uređenja which i okoliša, is to be considereda kasnije nastavljena as preparation kroz for Feder the Strategyalno ministarstvo and Action okolišaPlan for Protectioni turizma. of Odlukom biological Nacionalnogand landscape’s podkomiteta Diversity in Bosnia za biodiverzitet, and Herzegovina odabran (2008-2015) je ekspertni. The Strategy was built upon study of biological and landscape’s diversity under name “Bosnia and tim stručnjaka iz cijele zemlje, koji su, tokom projekta, formirali sedam radnih grupa. Herzegovina – the land of diversity“, which is in the same time the First national Report of our Radom u tri izvještajna perioda, kroz 4 radionice, brojne radne sastanke i stalnu country toward the Convention. komunikaciju, članovi ekspertnog tima su pripremili impozantan sadržaj o biološkoj i The project was initialized by the Federal Ministry of physical Planning and Environment pejzažnoj raznolikosti BiH, stanju biodiverziteta na genetičkom, specijskom i in January 2006, and continued later on through the Federal Ministry of Environment and ekosistemskom nivou, izvorima i stepenu pritisaka, te sadašnjim i budućim načinima i Tourism. The national sub-comettee for biodiversity has made decision on experts from all overkvalitetu the country upravljanja which prirodom. should have participated in the project as an expert team members, separatedProjekat je in rezultirao seven working sljedećim groups. podacima: The activities of expert team members were realized in three reporting1. Floru periods, cijanobakterija through attendance i algi u Bosni at four i Hercegovini workshops, numerous čini 1.85 9meetings vrsta, diferenciranih and continuous u communication.217 rodova The ufinal okviru output odjela was an Cyanobacteria, imposing text on Rodophyta, biological and Heterokont landscape’sophyta, diversity of B&H,Dinophyta, its state at level Euglenophyta of genes, species i Chlorophyta. and ecosystems, U okviru causes ovog and dijeladegree fl ofore pressures BiH ističe upon se biodiversity,izrazito in the visok text diverzitet was also elaborated vrsta klase nature Bacillariophyceae. management both today and in future. 2. Floru vaskularnih biljaka BiH čini 565 vrsta mahovina, 71 papratnjača i 4498 The project has resulted in following facts: vrsta sjemenjača. U okviru svih odjela konstatovan je visok stepen endemizma, a 1. Flora of cyanobacteria and alges in Bosnia and Herzegovina is comprised of 1457 porodice sa najvišim stepenom specijskog diverziteta su : glavočike, leptirnjače, species, differentiated in 217 genera within divisions of Cyanobacteria, Rhodophyta, trave, ružovke, kupusnjače, štitare, usnatice, šaševi, zijevalice, karanfili, ljiljani i Heterokontophyta, Dinophyta, Euglenophyta and Chlorophyta. This is a part of B&H’s floraljutići. that is characterized by extremely high diversity of species belonging to class 3.Bacillariophyceae. Faunu kičmenjaka u Bosni i Hercegovini čini 119 vrsta riba, 20 vrsta 2. Floravodozemaca, of vascular 38 plants vrsta in gmizavaca, B&H contains 326 565 vrsta mooses, ptica 71 iferns 85 (+2?) and 4498 vrst aspermatophytes. sisara. Među Therenavedenim has been oblicima recognized 39 vrstahigh level su endemi, of endemism a najviši in each stepen vascular endemiz plant division,ma utvrđen whereas je themeđu highest ribama diversity i gmizavcima. of species is reached within the families: compositae, leguminosae, 4.grasses, Fauna beskičmenjakarose family, mustard je izuzetno family, carrot raznovrsna, family, mint ali još family, nedovoljn sedges,o figwort istražena family, na pinkpodručju family, Bosne lily family i Hercegovine. and family ofMeđu buttercups. najraznovrsnijim je grupa insekata, unutar 3. Faunakoje se of ističevertebrates visok in stepen Bosnia anddiverziteta Herzegovina Colembolla, includes 119 Heteroptera fish species,, Lepidoptera 20 amphibians, i 38Hymenoptera. reptiles, 326 birds Posebno and 85 visok (+2?) mammals,endemizam of which se konstatuje 39 species u are okviru endemic lim ones,nofaune with highestBiH. level of endemism reached among fishes and amphibians. 4.5. Fauna Da fungia of avertebrates Bosne i Hercegovine is highly diverse, predstavlja but still raznovrsnu, poorly investigated ali takođe in nedovoljnoBosnia and Herzegovina.istraženu grupu, Most diverse svjedoči is the podatak group of da insects, su samowith high u okvirudiversity Ascomycotaof Colembolla, i Heteroptera,Basidiomycota Lepidoptera konstatovane and Hymenoptera. 552 vrste. Pretpostavljeni The underlined broj endemism vrsta gljiva characterizes je daleko limnofaunaveći, a mnoge of Bosnia od andprisutnih Herzegovina, su ugrožene too. kroz gubitak staništa i ostale vrste 5. Realmpritisaka. of fungi Nedovoljno in Bosnia and poznatu, Herzegovina a takođe is diverse, raznovrsnu but also unsufficiently i ugroženu explored, grupu whichpredstavljaju is to be lišajevi,confirmed od kojihby fact je that do danas within u BiHAscomycota zabilježeno and okoBasidiomycota 300 vrsta. detected 6.were Ekosistemski only 552 species.pristup The istraživanjima expected number ima dugu of fungi tradiciju is far greateru Bosn thani i Hercegovini. that, whereby manyStoga of je thedobro occuring poznata species visoka are raznolikostthreatened through ekosistema habitat od loss Jadrans and otherkog mora kinds doof pressures.Save, ukomponovanih Unsufficiently explored, u mediteranske, as well as submediteranske,both diverse and threatened mediterans groupko- of organisms represent lichens, of which were recorded 300 in B&H till now. 6. Theremontane, is a long gorske, tradition pretplaninske, of ecosystem planinske, approach brdske, being applied peripanonske in the investigation i panonske of Bosniapejzaže and Bosne Herzegovina. i Hercegovine. Hence, diversity Grupu specifičnihof ecosystems pejzaža, in Bosnia kompono and Herzegovina,vanih od from Adriatic Sea to Sava river, composed of mediterranean, supramediterranean, senzitivnih, vrlo često endemičnih tipova ekosistema, čine: visokoplaninski, mediterraneo-montane, upland, subalpine, alpine, peri-pannonian and pannonian reliktno-refugijalni, močvarni i pejzaži kraških polja. Identifikovani su brojni landscapes, has been well known. Group of specific landscapes, which are sensitive, mainly pritisci na ekosistemsku raznolikost, a kroz pejzaže je istaknuta raznolikost endemic ecosystem types, includes: high-mountainous and refugio-relict ecosystems, wetlandskultura iand tradicija karst narodafields. BiH.There have been identified numerous pressures on ecosystem 7.diversity Visok stepen so far. raznolikost Besides, landscapes gena i genetičkih reflect the resursadiversity Bosne of culture i He andrcegovine tradition zaslužuje of people indaleko B&H. veću pažnju bosanskohercegovačkog društva od postojeće. Istaknute 7. Totradicionalne the diversity biotehnologije of genes and genetic je potrebno resources postaviti of Bosnia u funkciju and Herzegovina razvoja zemlje should i nabe payedtaj način more očuvati attention kako than stara it was znanja the case i prakse, till now. tako Traditional i autohton biotechnologiesi genofond BiH. should be 8.placed Identifikovane in service of invazivne the country’s biljne development i životinjske in the way vrste that predstavl both oldjaju knowledge jedan and od practiceznačajnih and izvora autochtonous pritisaka gen na pool autohtoni of B&H biodiverzitetremain preserved. BiH. Kroz uspostavu prve 8. Thebaze indigenous podataka biodiversityinvazivnih ofvrsta B&H identifikovana is under sever pressureje jasna arisingpotreba from za thesistemskim identified invasiverješenjima plants u daljim and animals. pravcima Through djelovanja. the establishment of first database on invasive 9.species Upravljanje became visokom obvious biološkomthat it is needed i vrijednom to find pejzažnomout systematic raznoliko solutionsšću for Bosne further i actionsHercegovine in that respect.je proces, koji zahtijeva jasan i djelotvoran institucionalni okvir. 9. InAnalizirani order to ensure su postojeći the management unutar of i highlymeđusektorski complex biological kapaciteti and upra landscape’svljanja diversity i kori- ofštenja Bosnia prirodnih and Herzegovina, vrijednosti. it is Istaknuto required to jedefine da postojeći clear and način efficient upravljanja institutional framework.prirodom Therefore, nije u skladu analized sa poznatimwere intra- an i d ponovocross-sector identifikovanim capacities for management atributima andbiološke use of i pejzažnenatural values raznolikosti that already BiH. exist. It was stressed that current mode of nature 10.management S ciljem postizanja doesn’t odgovarajućeg suit to known odnosa and re-identified prema raznolikosti attributes živog of biological svijeta BiH, and landscape’suspostavljeni diversity su strateški in B&H. pravci i ciljevi koji odražavaju potrebu za očuvanjem i 10. Inodrživom order to establish upotrebom an appropriate biodiverziteta. relationship Od with strane diversity ekspertnog of life in B&H, tima determined ciljevi su wererazrađeni strategic do directions nivoa zadataka and targets koje that je potrebno should reflect implementirati our need after prema maintenance uvrđenom and sustainable use of biodiversity. Targets were elaborated all the way down to task level by akcionom planu. expert team, and are to be implemented according to the forseen action plan. MAINOSNOVNI FACTS PODACI ABOUT O BOSNIA BOSNI I AND HERCEGOVINI HERZEGOVINA
GeneralOpšti podaci facts
BosniaBosna iand Hercegovina Herzegovina se is nalazi situated na in jugo- the ageReljef altitude Bosne of i500 Hercegovine m. From country’s je izrazito total southeasternistoku Evrope, Europe u taking centralnom a central dijelu posi- brdsko-planinski,5% is lowland, 24% are sa hills, prosječnom 42% mountains, nad- tionBalkanskog of the Balkan poluostrva. peninsula. Njena Its total ukupna surface morskomand 29% is visinomcovered with od 500 karst m. (NEAP, Od ukupne 2003). površinais 51.129 km je 2. 51.129 Border km length2 . Dužina amounts granice 1.537 površineForests and BiH, forest 5% type se of odnosi soils in na Bosnia ravnice, and iznosikm, of which 1.537 km,land odborder čega is kopnena762,5 km, 762,5river 24%Herzegovina na brežuljke, cover 42%2.709.769 na planine, ha (which a 29% is km,751 km riječna and sea 751 23,5 km km. i morskaBosnia and 23,5 Herze- km. zauzimaabout 53% krš of (NEAP, its territory), 2003) of which woods Bosnagovina shares i Hercegovina its border with the graniči Republic saof Bosnacover 2.209.732 i Hercegovina ha (about je administrativno43%), while bar- RepublikomCroatia (931 km), Hrvatskom Serbia (375 km) (931 and Mon- km), uređenaren land covers Dejtonskim 500.037 sporazumom, ha (about 10%). prema Bos- Srbijomtenegro (249 (375 km). km) Northern i Crnom parts Gorom of Bosnia (249 kojemnia and seHerzegovina sastoji od has Federacije been arranged BiH (10by km).and Herzegovina Sjevernim face dijelomthe Sava river, Bosna while i kantona),Dayton Agreement, Republike according Srpske to i whome Distrikta it Hercegovinaits southern parts izlazi reach na the rijeku Adriatic Savu, Sea at a Brčko.is constituted of Federation of B&H (10 can- južnimNeum city. na Land Jadransko of Bosnia more and kod Herzegovina Neuma. tons), Republic of Srpska and Brčko District. is extremely hilly-mountainous, with aver-
Brčko
Prijedor Bihać Doboj Bijeljina Banja Luka Tuzla
Zenica
Sarajevo
Mostar Preko 250.000 st.
100.000-250.000 st.
25.000-100.000 st.
Fig.Slika 1. 1. – –Bosnia Bosna and i Hercegovina: Herzegovina: opštinskiMunicipalities centri with sa višemore od than 25. 25.000000 stanovnika inhabitans (Prema (according popisu to po- pulationstanovništva cenzus iz in1991. 1991) godine) OSNOVNI PODACI O BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI PODACI OSNOVNI MAIN FACTS ABOUT BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA FACTS MAIN
3 Fizičko-geografskiPhysical-geographic positionpoložaj of Bosne Bosnia i Hercegovineand Herzegovina
BosniaBosna i andHercegovina Herzegovina nalazi is positionedse između be-420 ofU mediterranean hidrografskom mountain smislu chains. Bosna i Her- tween26’ i 45 coordinates0 15’ sjeverne N 420 geografske 26’ and 450 širine, 15’ and te Incegovina terms of pripadahydrology, crnomorskomBosnia and Herze- i 00 E15 150 45’ 45’ i 19 and 41’ 190 istočne 41’. It geografskeis placed in dužine.western govinajadranskom belongs slivu. to the Vododjelnica Black and Adriatic između Sea partPripada of the zapadnom southeastern dijelu Europe, jugoistočne exposed Ev- to basins.slivova A je watershed orografsko of razvođethese two koje confluences prolazi exchangingrope, na kojem influences se smjenjuju from southern uticaji južnih part of runspreko across planina: mountains Plješevica, Plješevica, Šator, Šator, Cincar, Cin- dijelova sjevernog umjerenog i sjevernih Raduša, Bitovnja, Bjelašnica, Treskavica, the North temperate belt and northern part car, Raduša, Bitovnja, Bjelašnica, Treskavica, dijelova sjevernog suptropskog pojasa. Zelengora i Volujak. of the North suptropic belt. Most of young Zelengora and Volujak. Na prostoru naše države se nalazi najveći mountain chains (western part), the Dinaric TheCrnomorski Black Sea sliv basin zahvata takes in oko70% 70%of Bosnia od dio zapadne zone mlađih vjenačnih pla- ukupnog prostora Bosne i Hercegovine, Alps, is situated on our territory. Chains of and Herzegovina’s total, the Adriatic Sea ba- nina – Dinarida. Dinarski planinski pojas Jadranski sliv zahvata 24%, a sa 6% the Dinaric Alps descend gradually in the sin takes in 24%, while 6% of overground wa- postepeno se spušta na sjever prema Savi, teritorije površinske vode se gube u kra- northerndok se prema direction jugu towardspušta naglo,Sava river, u prostor while terško dissolves podzemlje. into the karst underground. inniske the Hercegovinesouthern direction i Jadranskog they descend primorja. sud- In terms of pedology, in Bosnia and Herze- U pedološkom pogledu, zemljišta Bosne i denly, directly into the lowland of Herzegov- govina prevail soil types from automorphous Osnovni, pretežno planinski karakter, Hercegovine su tipovi automorfnog i inaprostoru and Adriatic Bosne coastline. i Hercegovine daje andhidromorfnog hydromorphous odjela. division. Bosniazapadni and dio Herzegovina sredozemne ows zone its mlađihmainly mountainousvjenačnih planina. character to the western part
GeološkeGeologic and i tektonske tectonic characteristics odlike Bosne of Bosniai Hercegovine and Herzegovina
Relief of Bosnia and Herzegovina is from ge- withdrawn leaving Bosnia and Herzegovina ologicReljefna and struktura tectonic Bosnestandpoint i Hercegovine much more u aszoiku, a dry Tetis land more with smallerse povlači remnant i Bosna waterbo- i Her- complexgeološkom than i tektonskom it seems at first pogledu glance. je dale-Rocks diescegovina in form postaje of lakes kopno (Paratetis). sa manjim At the zao-end thatko složenija make a country’s od onoga foundation što pokazuje have vizu- been ofstalim Kenozoic, vodenim the Pannonian površinama Sea, which u obliku pain- elna slika njenog teritorija. Stijene koje jezera (Paratetis). Na kraju kenozojske ere deposited over geologic times at the bottom ted the Pannonian lowland in blue, finally grade teritorij zemlje istaložene su u Panonsko more, koje je plavilo Panonsku of former Tetis Sea. Deposited material was withdrew leaving shallow lakes and marshes različitim geološkim razdobljima na dnu niziju, se povlači i na njegovom mjestu nekadašnjegthen folded by Tetis tectonic mora. movements Istaložena into masa the behind.zaostaju Afterwards, plitka jezera the i Sava močvare, river emerged. nakon jemountain orogenim chains, pokretima while valleys naborana were created u čegaUpper se flows formira of Sana,rijeka Una,Sava. Vrbas, Gornji Bosna tokovi and byplaninske deep faulting. vijence, a kotline su nastale Sane,Drina river Une, were Vrbasa, tributaries Bosne of ithe Drine Pannonian pred- Metamorphousrasijedanjem. rocks, of which mountains stavljaliSea in course su pritoke of its existence. Panonskog As the mora Sea was to- inMetamorfne central Bosnia stijene and potičuHerzegovina iz paleozoika, are made komwithdrawing njegovog to postojanja.the East and Kako to the se North, more ofa izgrađuju(Vranica, Bitovnja, centralne Zec-planina, planine bosansko- Pogorje- povlačilorivers followed na sjever it by iincreasing istok, rijeke their su lengths. ga pra- licahercegovačkih and Komar), date Dinarida back from (Vranica,Palaeozoic. tileIn the povećavajući same time with svoje the dužine. Pannonian, existed PalaeozoicBitovnja, Zec-planina,layers occur also Pogorjelica in other parts i Ko- of Istovremenoalso the Adriatic sa Sea. postojanjem Levels of Panonskogboth World Bosniamar). in Paleozojske mosaic like naslage manner. su Sedimentary mozaično mora,and the postojaloAdriatic Sea je were i Jadransko lower during more. Pleis- U tocen. Neretva river was much longer at that rocksraspoređene originating i u drugim mainly dijelovima from Mezozoic, Bosne. pleistocenu je nivo Svjetskog, pa i Jad- time and ended where it is today adriatic Sedimentnewere upraised stijene during suAlpine uglavnom orogenesis, me- ranskog mora bio niži. Rijeka Neretva je zozojske starosti, izdignute su u Alpskoj bilabottom. duža After i završavala Pleistocen, level se na of današnjemthe Adriatic and folded into Dinaric mountains by late- orogenoj fazi, a bočnim potiscima nabo- dnuSea elevated Jadrana. due Nakon to ice pleistocena melting, which nivo sunk Jad- ral stress. Northern and southern zones of rane u Dinarsku planinsku oblast. Sjeve- ranskogthe lower moravalley seof Neretvapodigao river. zbog otapanja rnethe imid južne Dinaric zone centralnihAlps are built Dinarida of Kenozoic izgra- leda, te je potopljena i donja dolina layers.đene suAfter od kenozojskihdynamic geological naslaga. events Nakon that Neretve. OSNOVNI PODACI O BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI PODACI OSNOVNI took place in Kenozoic, Tetis Sea has been MAIN FACTS ABOUT BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA FACTS MAIN nemirnih geoloških razdoblja u keno-
4 MainOsnovni forms oblici of relief reljefa LanacDinaric Dinarskih Alps chains planina extend sebetween pruža plain između and eredkvartarnim by quarternary sedimentima, depositions, a strane and sidessu uok- are ravničarskoghills of Posavina i blago in the zatalasanog North, and Adriaticpobrđa encircledvirene karstifikovanimby karstified carboniferous karbonatnim rocks. bayPosavine, in the naSouth. sjeveru Dinaric i Jadranske mountain zavale, chains na Onmasama. the field’s Po obodu margin polja are nalazeto be found se izvori many i jugu.extend Pravac from NWpružanja to SE. Dinarskih Beside orogenous planina springsvrela, a and u najnižim wells, while položajima field’s deepest ponori, places ko- jefolders, od sjeverozapadain the Dinaric mountain prema system jugoistoku. dom- hidejima vodaabysses, otiče places u kraško where podzemlje. water drains into Unutar Dinarskog planinskog sistema inate also plateaus. By tectonic movements theReljef karst Bosne underground. i Hercegovine čine i pod- osim orogenih nabora, dominiraju i viso- and splits evolved valleys, lowlands and karst Thezemni relief kraški of Bosnia oblici and u Herzegovina karbonatnim includes sti- ravni. Tektonskim procesima i razlomima fields. Especially large valleys occur along alsojenama, underground što našu zemljukarst phenomena svrstava u bogatain car- nastale su kotline, doline i kraška polja. holokarstna područja svijeta. Bosna i river basins (Sarajevsko-Zenička valley along boniferous rocks, which makes our country Veće kotline se nalaze u riječnim dolinama Hercegovina je prostor sa velikim brojem basin of the Bosna river, Uskopaljska valley one of the richest holokarst area in the world. (Sarajevsko-Zenička u dolini rijeke Bosne, istraženih i neistraženih pećina i jama, a Uskopaljskaand Banjalučka i Banjalučka valley along u basin dolini of Vrbasa, the Vr- Onnajpoznatije the territory među of Bosnia njima andsu: VjetrenicaHerzegovina u Bihaćkabas river, u Bihaćka dolini Une,valley Tuzlanska along basin u doliniof the existPopovu great polju,number Glavičanska of both explored kod and Foče, un- Spreče,Una river, Mostarska Tuzlanska u valley dolini along Neretve basin i dr.).of the exploredMračna caves pećina and u holes, dolini of Prače, which Bijamba-the most KrškaSpreča river, polja Mostarska su nastala valley djelovanjem along basin više of famousrska pećina are: naVjetrenica Nišićima in i OrlovačaPopovo polje, kod faktora.Neretva river Njihovo etc.). dno je prekriveno GlavičanskaSumbulovca. near Foča, Mračna pećina in the Several factors were crucial for a creation of valley of Prača river, Bijambarska pećina at karst fields. The field’s bottom is usually cov- Nišići plateau and Orlovača by Sumbulovac. Klima Bosne i Hercegovine ClimateKlimu Bosne of iBosnia Hercegovine and Herzegovinaodređuje više Dinarska planinska oblast modifikuje sre- geografskih faktora. Veliki uticaj imaju: dozemne zračne mase s juga, a štiti ClimateAtlanski of okean Bosnia na and zapadu, Herzegovina Sredozemno is deter- i theMediteran adriatic coastlineod prodora and hladnihin low Herzegovina. vazdušnih minedJadransko by several more geographic na jugu, factors, te prostrane whereas Dinaricmasa sa alpine sjevera. region Značajan strongly prodor modify medite- medi- kontinentalne mase Evrope na sjeveru, ranskih klimatskih uticaja osjeća se doli- great importance comes to following, the At- terranean currents coming from the South, Azije na sjeveroistoku i istoku, te Afrika nom Neretve. Klima Bosne i Hercegovine lantic ocean in the West, the Mediterranean whereas it prevents the penetration of cold air na jugu. pokazuje značajnu raznolikost. Između and the Adriatic Sea in the South, and vast from an inland to the coast. But, mediterra- Sa Atlantskog okeana i Sredozemnog predjela umjerenokontinentalne i izmije- space of continental masses of Europe in the nean influences still protrude deep in the in- mora vjetrovi nanose tople i vlažne vaz- njene mediteranske (jadranske) klime land by Neretva river valley. Climate of Bosnia dušneNorth, Asia mase in the preko northeast naše and zemlje. East, and Nai- Af- postoje predjeli sa kontinentalnom, pret- laskomrica in the na South. Dinarske vjenačne planine, andplaninskom, Herzegovina planinskom shows high i diversity alpskom level. kli- vazdušneWinds coming mase from se the uzdižu Atlantic uz planinskeocean and Betweenmom. areas of temperate continental and padine,the Mediterranean rashlađuju Sea se, bring kondenzuju warm and i moistizlu- modifiedNajniže temperature mediterranean se bilježe(adriatic) na climate,našim čujuair. When padavine. this air reaches the Dinaric masiffs, therenajvišim are areas planinama. with continental, Prosječna pre-alpine januarska and it lifts up toward peaks, slowly cooling down, temperaturaalpine climate. na Bjelašnici iznosi -7,2O C, a Strujanje toplog i suhog zraka iz Afrike, O tokomcondense ljeta, and uzrokujefinally precipitate. visoke temperature uThe Neumu, lowest u istomtemperature mjesecu, characterize +6,5 C. high- uIf there slučaju is aniskog field of zračnog low pressure pritiska over iznadEurope Godišnjaest mountain količina peaks. An padavina average temperature u Bosni i Evrope.in summer, flux of warm and dry air coming inHercegovini January on Bjelašnica je nejednako Mt. amounts raspoređena. -7,20C, Ufrom hladnijem Africa causes periodu high godine, temperatures. kad se iznad whilePovećava in Neum se odcity jugait is +6,5 prema0C. Dinarskom sjeveroistočneIn the course of cold Evrope periods, obrazuje when there visoki is a Annualgorju, precipitation a zatim ponovo in Bosnia opada and Herzegovi- prema vazdušnifield of high pritisak, pressure preko over naše northeastern zemlje često Eu- naPeripanonskom is unevenly distributed, obodu. whereasSnijeg je it redovitaincreases zimska pojava, a na planinskim vrhovima cirkulišerope, over ourhladni country arktički circulates zrak. cold Iako arctic je kli- air. from the South towards Dinaric masiffs, and se održava i po 6 mjeseci godišnje. maClimate Bosne of Bosniai Hercegovine and Herzegovina umjerena, is temper- ipak je declines again towards peri-pannonian mar- oštrija, nego što bi odgovaralo njenom Bosna i Hercegovina ima složena kli- ate, but more extreme than one could expect gin. Snow occurs regulary in winter, covering geografskom položaju. Sredozemni matska obilježja. Na južnim prostorima, sole from its geographic position. The mediter- mountain peaks over 6 months a year. klimatski uticaji su značajno umanjeni, pa osjeća se izmijenjena jadranska klima. Na ranean impact here is substantially reduced. Climate of Bosnia and Herzegovina is highly
samo primorje i niska Hercegovina imaju sjeveru preovlađuju uticaji umjereno O BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI PODACI OSNOVNI Hence, mediterranean climate occurs only on complex. Its southern region is characterized mediteransku klimu. toplog i vlažnog klimata sa toplim ljetnim ABOUT BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA FACTS MAIN
5 byrazdobljem. modified adriatic Centralni climate, prostori while Bosnenorthern i tainnajviše climate orografske characterize cjeline, hypsometric alpskom levels partHercegovine of the country su pod has uticajemgot climate izmijenjene that is tem- aboveklimom. 700 m, whereby the highest orographic perate-warmumjereno tople and i moist,vlažne with klime, hot kojasummers. se sa unitsKlima have Bosne got alpinei Hercegovine climate. je ugodna za Spacevisinskom in the pojasnošćumid of Bosnia mijenja and Herzegovina u klimat sa is Climateljudski životof Bosnia i zdravlje, and Herzegovina te se može is comfort- ubrojiti influencedsvježim ljetima. by modified Hipsometrijski temperate-warm nivoi and ableu važna for human prirodna life and health, bogatstva being therefore kojima moistpreko climate, 700 m odlikujuchanging sein planinskom,different height a raspolažean important naša natural zemlja. wealth of our country. zones to climate with fresh summers. Moun- Vode Bosne i Hercegovine Water of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosna i Hercegovina raspolaže slatkim i termalna voda ove banje je sumporovita i slanim vodama. Prema svjetskim koristi se za liječenje mnogih bolesti. standardimaThere are fresh and naša salt waterbodies zemlja obilujein Bosnia TermalniIn Bosnia and izvori Herzegovina se nalaze exist i u:great Fojnici, num- kopnenimand Herzegovina. vodama Our country visokog has kvaliteta. got large berOlovu, of natural Tuzli, Gradačcu,mountain lakes, Tesliću, so Banjojcalled quantity of, after world’s standard, high qual- “mountain eyes“ named after its clear blue Hidrografsku mrežu čine brojni Luci i dr. ity fresh water. Overground and underground water. površinski i podzemni kraški tokovi. karst currents create complex hydrographic OurBosna coastline, i Hercegovina which is 22 obiluje km long, prirodnim streches network.U Dinarskim planinskim masivima se na- southwardsplaninskim from jezerima, the delta koja of Neretva zbog čiste river. i Mostlazi izvorište of our watercourses najvećeg broja emerges naših under vodo- the Thus,plave vodeBosnia s pravom and Herzegovina nose naziv has „gorske an ac- Dinarictoka. Od masiffs. većih riječnihThe basins slivova of Bosna prostoru and Vrbas cessoči“. to the Adriatic Sea and covers 8 km2 of riverBosne represent i Hercegovine larger watersheds u cjelosti that pripadaju entirely Našethe area. primorje The peninsula se nalazi of južnoPelješac oddivides delte it belongslivovi to Bosne the territory i Vrbasa. of Bosnia Nakupljanje and Herzegov- pod- Neretve,from the chanelgdje u ofukupnoj Mljet and dužini an open od 22sea. km, ina.zemnih The underground voda, kojima water je collection, naša zemlja which BosnaAverage i annualHercegovina temperature izlazi ofna sea Jadransko water at ourbogata, country odvija has got se uplenty rastresitim of, occurs sedime- in lose moreNeum city i ima is +9,6 površinu0C. It is the od warmest 8 km in2 . July, Od depositionsntima (šljunci (of graveli pijesak), sand oko and većih sand), riječnih around Mljetskogwhen water temperature kanala i morskeat surface pučinereaches largetokova, river tebeds, u karst kraškim fissures, pukotinama, trenches and razdvajain average ga +20 poluotok0C. Sea Pelješac.water’s salinity varies kanalima i pećinama. caves. Površinabetween 29 mora and kod35‰. Neuma Colour ima is blue-green, prosječnu ThermalTermalne andi mineralne mineral vode,springs koje occur se javljaju around godišnjuwith 10 m temperaturu transparency. od 9,60 C. Najtoplije ingenous bedrocks and tectonic clevages, rep- Thanks to the fact that it is surrounded by u području vulkanskih stijena i tektonskih je u julu, kada površinska temperatura vo- resenting the important natural wealth of Bos- the peninsula Pelješac and Klek,0 sea in the razloma, predstavljaju jedno od značajnih de prosječno iznosi oko 20 C. Salinitet nia and Herzegovina. The best known springs bay of Neum is quite, with no more than 1 m prirodnih bogatstava Bosne i Hercego- morske vode se kreće od 29 do 35 promila. of mineral water are to be found in Kiseljak, high waves. vine. Najpoznatiji izvori mineralne vode Boja morske vode je zeleno-plava, a pro- Kakanj, Srednje, Busovača, Srebrenica, Žepa, se nalaze u Kiseljaku, Kaknju, Srednjem, vidnost iznosi do 10 m. Tešanj,Busovači, Maglaj, Srebrenici, Žepče etc. Žepi, Tešnju, Ma- Zbog zatvorenosti poluotocima Pelješcem Theglaju, hotest Žepču thermal itd. spring, with water temper- ature of +580C, is Ilidža’s spa. Those thermal i Klekom, Neumski zaliv ima mirno more, Najtopliji termalni izvor je banja Ilidža, water contain sulphur being therefore0 used in na čijoj površini se obrazuju valovi visine gdje temperatura iznosi 58 C. Po sastavu, medicinal treatment of many diseases. Other do jednog metra. thermal springs are to be found in: Fojnica, Olovo,Karakteristike Tuzla, Gradačac, šuma Teslić, Banja Bosne Luka ietc. Hercegovine
Šume i šumska zemljišta u Bosni i u kojim je moguće racionalnije gos- HercegoviniPopulation zauzimaju 2.709.769 ha (oko podarenje, zauzimaju 1.291.924 ha, što je 53% teritorije), od čega su šume 2.209.732 tek oko 25% površine BiH. Ostale šume, haAccording (oko 43%), to the assessment a goleti 500.037 made by haUNHCR (oko čakAccording 917.808 to ha the ili populationoko 18% površine register fromBiH, 10%).in 1999, Što total se vlasništvanumber of inhabitanstiče državne in Bosnia šume su1991, niske inhabitan’s šume density (panjače) in Bosnia i degradirane and Her- zauzimajuand Herzegovina 2,186.332 was haaround (81%), 3.894.000. a privatne Of šume,zegovina sa was vrlo uneven malom (between zalihom 40 and drveta 200 in- i 523.437that 2.381.496 ha (19%). (61%) Kvalitet people lived i struktura in Federation ovih slabimhabitans per prirastom. square km). Ukupna zaliha šumaof B&H, nisu 1.432.020 u skladu (37%) in saRepublic potencijalima of Srpska krupnog drveta (drvo iznad 5 cm OSNOVNI PODACI O BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI PODACI OSNOVNI staništa. Visoke ili tzv. ekonomske šume, promjera) u svim šumama je 1986. godine
MAIN FACTS ABOUT BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA FACTS MAIN and 80.324 (2%) lived in Brčko District.
6 an dšvna 19-95g) su (1992-1995.g.) dešavanja Ratna Reviews, UNECE, 2004). oij nkn etnkg mirovnog Dejtonskog nakon počinje devastirala zemlju i ekonomiju. Oporavak Pokazatelj novih društvenih novih Pokazatelj rit (niomna Performance (Environmental tržište oa .8.9 (1) tnvia ii u živi stanovnika (61%) Od 2.381.496 toga 3.894.000. oko iznosi Hercegovine i Bosne stanovnika broj ukupan 1999. godinu za UNHCR-a procjenama Prema publici Srpskoj, a 80.324 (2%) živi u Brčko eeaii i, .3.2 (7) Re- u (37%) 1.432.020 BiH, Federaciji podrazumijevaju simultano rješavanje so- aainsoj ,8m/ha, a u mama privatnimiznosio je 5,48 m e265m/ha,dokjeuprivatnim bilatek je 216,5m 0, m/a Pojčn oin prirast šu- godišni državnim visokim u drveta krupnog Prosječan /ha. m 102,5 3.0.0 ranmi5.0.0 u državnim i 51.700.000 m 238.600.000 m Strateški dokumenti Makroekonomski pokazatelji Stanovništvo 19. oii D z Bsu Herce- i Bosnu za GDP godini 1990. U čega od , m miliona 290 oko iznosila cijalnih problema i brige o okolišu je raz- je okolišu o brige i problema cijalnih pianm uaa Pojča zaliha krupnog drveta u državnim šumama bila Prosječna šumama. privatnim u govinu je procijenjen na 10,6 milijardi US milijardi 10,6 na procijenjen je govinu ioi ujlm zoa a zapadno na izvoza udjelom visokim NA, 03. EP dniiia pro- identificira NEAP 2003). (NEAP, Brčko, je Nacionalni akcioni plan za okoliš Distrikta i entiteta oba od usvojen ment, Vodećidokumenata. vojstrateških doku- rvenh rn, bza nutia je industrija bazna a grana, privrednih različitih iz pristizali su Prihodi stano- vniku. po $ US 2.400 preko odnosno $, ioo dcrnm anm ngm i snagom baznom educiranom visoko bleme, pritiske i potrebu uspostave rav- uspostave potrebu i pritiske bleme, bila među najviše razvijenim u regionu sa vom strategijom. je prioritet prihvatlji- okolinski sa razvoj ekonomski NEAP-u, Prema privrede. razvoja i okolišu o brige između noteže Srednjoročna razvojna strategija za Bosnu mental friendly strategy. friendly mental achieve economic development by environ- velopment.NEAP, After is topriority main environment protection economic and de- to between achieve balance needs necessary wayin to problems, identify pressures and tion Plan (NEAP, National isthe Environmental Ac-District, 2003). NEAP was adoptedwas by entities both Brčko and created mental issues. Aleading document, which offer solutionsand environ-for social both strategic documents, which simultaneously Millestones for movements new social are Strategic documents its and economytry Arecovery devastated. The war (from 1992 to 1995) the has left coun- 2004). UNECE, Reviews, Performance (Environmental market western power rate to export extremely and the high educated region,highly man- the in with tries onewas of bestdeveloped the among coun- economy basic branches, the industry while income many An achieved was through ta. which made over US per capi- dollars 2.400 to amountestimated 10,6 bilions US dollars, Herzegovina and Bosnia 1990GNP in in was Macroeconomic indicators 3 3 3 3 3 pravaca koji pravaca 3 sa relevantnim sektorskim politikama. podvlači potrebu njenog harmoniziranja njenog potrebu i podvlači ali legislative, okolinske operativnost aosi aaa kj ć uspostaviti će koji akata, zakonskih Hercegovine je neravnomjerna (40 do 200 rniie kj j u ai privatizacije fazi u je koji tranzicije, sie ans rzoa usvajanja i razvoja važnost ističe Strategija zdravljem. javnim i nasljeđem oiu rdang io. Proces nivoa. predratnog lovinu U 2002. godini GDP dostiže približno po- kojoj preovlađuju uslužne djelatnosti. od promijenjena, značajno je ekonomije oie gsia aejnsi on i Bosne naseljenosti gustina godine, oiato nutise n pird u privredu na industrijske, dominantno najvećih preduzeća ima vodeći uticaj na uticaj vodeći ima preduzeća najvećih promjene, strukture ekonomije. tao, ilši i geološkim i biološkim otpadom, iezttm klunm prirodnim i kulturnim diverzitetom, šumama, resursom, zemljišnim i vodnim upravljanja promjena, klimatskih i zraka i NEAP-a iz prioritete uključuje godine propisuje mjere za upravljanje okolišem, upravljanje za mjere propisuje posebno u oblasima legislative, kvaliteta legislative, oblasima u posebno oaisi pormm. Struktura programima. donacijskim taj dio trajno izgubljen za rekultivaciju. rm pps saonšv i 1991. iz stanovništva popisu Prema Distriktu. sobnim za pošumljavanje, što znači da je da znači što pošumljavanje, za sobnim tnviap m). stanovnika po km vm eid pkie širokim pokriven periodu ovom netr šm čija Nova šuma inventura /ha. m 1,11 svega je iznosio i niži zoi 5. oljrti prvk e u je oporavak Poslijeratni rast 25%. iznosi ekonomski godišnji godine, 2001. 1996- periodu u čega nakon sporazuma, /ha. U panjačama 4,07 je m ovaj prirast bio Hreoiu a eid 2003-2007. period za Hercegovinu i Što se tiče goleti, jedan dio (108.500 ha) je ha) jedan dio(108.500 goleti, tiče se Što aktualiziraće ove podatke. a erdrnm elitm nespo- zemljištima degradiranim na inter-sectoral harmonization. policy after need emphasizes also it but legislative, wouldthat effective establish environmental ofportance creation adoption and of laws underlinesthe Theim-lic health. Strategy pub- and inheritance, natural and cultural diversity, geological and biological waste, of aquatic and terrestrial resources, forests, management changes, quality, climate air of legislative, terms in especially agement, forsees measures for environmental man- cludes and priorities by NEAP recognized Herzegovina, and nia from 2003 to 2007, in- for Bos- development Strategy Midle-termed mation of economy’s structure. phase exercise effects ontotransfor- crucial iscurrentlythat going aprivatisation through of its pre-warhalf value. Atransition process the reached GNP has almost 2002, year In economy industry. service which prevail in economy industrial to from mainly changed, been substantially has Economic structure thanks to many broad donation programmes. 25%.was The post-war recovery achieved was from 1996 to 2001, economic annual growth ment signed. Thereafter, was the period in the Dayton Agree- after process started has 3 2
e rpea toku u priprema je 3 7
MAINOSNOVNI FACTS PODACI PODACI ABOUT O BOSNI OBOSNIA BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI AND I HERCEGOVINI HERZEGOVINA 7 BIOGEOGRAFSKEBIOGEOGRAPHY OF KARAKTERISTIKE BOSNEBOSNIA I AND HERCEGOVINE HERZEGOVINA
Fig.Slika 2. 2. – –Bosnia Biogeografske and Herzegovina: karakteristike biogeographic Bosne i Hercegovine overview