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Appendix: Quick Help Guide to STELLA® Software Mechanics

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Appendix: Quick Help Guide to STELLA® Software Mechanics Appendix: Quick Help Guide to STELLA® Software Mechanics 1. System Requirements 2. Overview of STELLA Operating Environment 3. Drawing an Inflow to a Stock 4. Drawing an Outflow from a Stock 5. Replacing a Cloud with a Stock 6. Bending Flows 7. Re-positioning Flows 8. Reversing Direction of a Flow 9. Flow Dialog 10. Moving Variable Names 11. Drawing Connectors 12. Defining Graphs and Tables 13. Other Operations on Graphs and Tables 277 278 Appendix 1. System Requirements: Windows™ version: Minimum System Requirements Recommended System Requirements 80486 processor (386 enhanced mode) Pentium processor or better Microsoft Windows™ 3.1 Microsoft Windows™ 95 8MB RAM 16MB RAM 16 MB Hard-disk space required VGA display of at least 256 colors QuickTime ™ SoundBlaster or compatible sound card Macintosh® version: Minimum System Requirements Recommended System Requirements 68020 processor 68040 processor or better (including Power PC) System 7.1 or higher 16 MB RAM 8 MB RAM (4 MB available to the program) 12 MB Hard-disk space required QuickTime™ 2. Overview of the STELLA Operating Environment (Model Layer) High-level MaplModel/Equalions Arrows Bunon Numeric Display Text Block Available in the STELLA Research version only. Run 1 Controller Zoom Boxe Appendix 279 3. Drawing an Inflow to a Stock a) Click once to select the Flow. Move the CUI: or to de ired tarcing po ilion on diagram. Begin dragging toward the Stock. Population c:s D When contact is made. the tock will highlight. Population c) Release the click. The cursor retum eo the Hand. ote: When a variable is highlighted. its name may beedjeed. Population 280 Appendix 4. Drawing an Outflow from a Stock .c,. 'V' a) Click once co select the Flow. Po ioon the cur or in the center of the tock oue of which the Flow will be drown. Population Populallon Population Appendix 281 5. Replacing a Cloud with a Stock (If the Stock is initially not hooked up with the Flow.) flow a) Using the Hand. click-and-hold on the Stock. flow b) Drag the Stock toward the cloud. When the index finger is "on' the cloud, the cloud will highlight. Stock cs D flow ~ c) Release the click. The cloud i now replaced by the Stock. 282 Appendix 6. 7. Re-positioning Flows Selecl the Flow by clicking on it circle using the Hand. Click-and­ drag on the "handles" co re-posi­ tion !he Flow pipe. 8. Reversing Direction of a Flow c:,. 'V OIl-click (Window) or Command- click (Macincosh) on arrowhead 10 rever e direction of Flow. Arrowhead will Stock 2 ')ump" 10 here flow Appendix 283 9. Flow Dialog Cycle-time (R~ only) 11' flO~C!iCk . /0 selecl u?iflow or biflow: U.niflows flow in one be ® UN LOW B I FLOW dlrecuon only; blflows can flow In eIlherdlreClIon. D Unit conuersion Click on a Builtin from thi Ii 1 10 enter il in/o the eqrtion box. Required Inputs ([)CDCDc] Builtins 0(!J@J~ PRUSE Variables in Required Input box ~ ~ PCT reflect connection you have drawn ffi@J@J0 on Diagram. GJ0(IJ8 PI r- PMT ~ ro / CTIOG POISSON PULSE ~ U e keypad 10 click in numbers c::::::::::JGJ and algebraic operations. 1fflow = ... PULSE~) Equation Box i for defining relationship in Equation Click OK after loading a mode. Click on Required Inputs, numbers, algebraic Builtin to get on-line help opera/ors. and Builtins 10 define an equation. for il formal. I Format: PULSE«uolume>[, <first pulse>, <interual>J) ----' 10. Moving Variable Names Click-and-drag to re-po ition a variable' name around its ion. Stock 2 284 Appendix 11. Drawing Connectors a) Click once to elect the Connector. Move the cur or to the emity from which the Connector will be drawn. Remember the point (nol the base) is the active pari of the Conneclor. The point must begin inside the entity from which the Connector will be Population fJ==6~===iGJ births b) Click-and-hold. Drag the cursor towaro the largel. Population 6 births When the Connector make contact with the target., the larget will highlight Release the click to forge the connection. The cur or reverts 10 the Hand. PopulatiOl1 \~ Click-and-drag on the circle end of the Connector to reposition or bend it. Appendix 285 12. Defining Graphs and Tables Untitled Graph y • Select the Graph P[,d or Table Pad ion. {hen deposil it on the diagram. An empty "'1.. Graph or Table P,1d page will "ppear. Double-click [he Graph or Table page 10 enter it Define dialog. t . Graph Type: ® Time Series 0 SClltler 0 Bllr 0 Sketchllble o [omparlltiue 0 Conno( tOots 0 Il!~nchmdllc Allowllble .-----~Se~l~e-c7te-d~-----, D Popuilltion v ~ 1. elecl/he variables (rom 'U births ~ the Allowable Ii t. Hit the x 'U death ------ (») bm/on /0 enter into o birth_frllction the elected list. Hit (he death-fraction « <) bullon /0 remove o L.._____________ variables from 181 ShOW Numbers On Plots Selected Ii t. 181 Show Grid 0 Thick Lines o Milke 5 Grid Segments Min MIIH 6 New SCllle: Pllge: , G:D 'V' From To [lIncel DispiIlY: I' 11 13 Create as many new Graph pages a you like. 286 Appendix 13. Other Operations on Graphs and Tables Dynamite variable name to clear variable from Graph. Click variable name with paintbrush to color it. Click push-pin to pin Click background with paint­ pad to surface. brush to color it. Ii 1 : Lynx 1: 1900.00 , ~OOO.OO l Dynamite max or min value to revert to 1: 1400.00 ......... default scale 2: 50000.00 for variable. 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 Graph 1 (Lynx/Hares Time ... Years 5 :02 PM 5/24/96 P-J Dynamite here to delete page Click here to from Graph. clear data from the Click here to Graph. lock Graph results. Bibliography General References Anderson, ].G., M. Katzper. Simulation in the Health Sciences (Annual Proceedings). San Diego: Society for Computer Simulation, (1996). Berman, M., S.M. Grundy, B.Y. Howard, eds. Lipoprotein kinetics and modeling. New York: Academic Press; 1982. Bertalanffy, L. von. General System Theory. New York: Braziller, 1968. Boston, R.e., P.e. Greif, M. Berman. "Conversational SAAM-an interactive program for kinetic analysis of biological systems." Comput. Progr. Biomed. 13 (1981): 111-119. Brown, D., P. Rothery. Models in Biology: Mathematics, Statistics, and Computing. New York: Jolm Wiley, 1993. Carson, E.R., e. Cobelli, L. Finkelstein. The Mathematical Modeling ofMetabolic and Endocrine Systems. Model Formulation, Identification, and Validation. New York: John Wiley, 1983. Coburn, S.P., D.W. Townsend. "Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition. Vi­ tamins, Proteins, Methods." Adv. Food Nutr. Res. 40 (1996): San Diego: Academic Press. Collins,].e. "Resources for getting started in modeling." J. Nutr. 122 (1992): 695 - 700. Department of Health and Human Services. Biomedical Research Technology Re­ sources: A Research Resources Directory, 8th ed. Rockville, Md.: Research Re­ sources Information Center; 1990. Forrester, ].W. Urban Dynamics. Cambridge Ma.: M.LT. Press; 1969. Green, M.H. "Introduction to modeling." J. Nutr. 122 (3 Suppi., 1992): 690-694. Green, M.H., ].B. Green. "The application of compartmental analysis to research in nu- trition." Annu. Rev. Nutr. 10 (1990): 41-61. Hayes, B. "Balanced on a pencil point." Amer. Scientist 81 (1993): 510-516. Katz, ]. The determination of mass of metabolites with tracers." Metabolism 38 (1989): 728-733. Meadows, D.H, D.L. Meadows,]. Randers, et ai., eds. The Limits to Growth. New York: Universe Books; 1972. Novotny, ].A., L.A. Zech, H.e. Furr, S.R. Dueker, and A.J. Clifford. Mathematical mod­ eling in nutrition: constructing a physiological compartmental model of the dy­ namics of beta-carotene metabolism." Adv. Food Nutr. Res. 40 (1996): 25-54. 287 288 References Ramberg, e.F., Jr., e.R. Krishnamurti, D. Peter, ].E. Wolff, and R.e. Boston. "Applica­ tion of models to determination of nutrient requirements: experimental techniques employing tracers."] Nutr. 122, (3 Suppl., 1992) 701-705. Segel, L.A. Biological Kinetics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1991. Shannon, e.E., W. Weaver. The Mathematical Theory oj Communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press; 1949. Umpleby, A.M., P.H. Sonksen. "Measurement of the turnover of substrates of carbo­ hydrate and protein metabolism using radioactive isotopes." Baillieres Clin. En­ docrinol. Metab. 1 (1987): 773-796. Zech, L.A., D.]. Rader, P.e. Greif. "Berman's simulation analysis and modeling." Adv. Exp. Bioi. Med. 285 (1991): 188-199. Biochemical and Physiological Models Dempsher, D.P., D.S. Gann, R.D. Phair. "A mechanistic model of ACTH-stimulated cor­ tisol secretion." Am.] Physiol. 246 (1884): R587-R596. Goumaz, M.a., H. Schwartz,].H. Oppenheimer, e. Mariash. "Kinetic model of the re­ sponse of precursor and mature rat hepatic mRNA-S 14 to thyroid hormone." Am.] Physiol. 266 (1994): El 00 1-1011. Kraus, M., P. Lais, B. Wolf. "Systems analysis in cell biology: from the phenomological description towards a computer model of the intracellular signal transduction net­ work." Experientia 49 (1993): 245-257. Mendel, e.M. "The free hormone hypothesis: a physiologically based mathematical model." Endocrin. Rev. 10 (1989): 232-274. Solomon, Y., M.C. Lin, M. Rodbell, M. Berman. "The hepatic adenylate cyclase system. III. A mathematical model for the steady state kinetics of catalysis and nucleotide regulation."] Bioi. Chem. 250 (1975): 4253-4260. Traganos, F., M. Kimmel, e. Bueti, Z. Darzynkiewicz. "Effects of inhibition of RNA or protein synthesis on CHO cell cycle progression." ] Cell. Physiol. 133 (1987): 277-287. Body Composition Dulloo, A.G., ]. Jacquet, L. Girardier. "Autoregulation of body composition during weight recovery in humans: the Minnesota Experiment revisited." Int.] Obesity Rei.
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