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The Plants List

The Plants List

The List Plant The THE a a better way to beautiful to way

LIST

A Companion to the Choosing the Right Natural Lawn & Garden Guide

Waterwise garden by Stacie Crooks Discover a better way to beautiful!

his plant list is a companion to Choosing the Right The list on the following pages contains just some of the Plants, one of the Natural Lawn & Garden Guides many plants that can be happy here in the temperate Pacific T (see the back panel to request your free copy). Northwest, organized by several key themes. A number of These guides will help you garden in balance with nature, so these plants are Great Plant Picks ( ) selections, chosen you can enjoy a beautiful yard that’s healthy, easy to maintain because they are vigorous and easy to grow in Northwest and good for the environment. gardens, while offering reasonable resistance to pests and diseases, as well as other attributes. (For details about the When choosing plants, we often think about factors like size, GPP program and to find additional reference materials, shape, foliage and color. But the most important con- refer to Resources & Credits on page 12.) sideration should be whether a site provides the conditions a specific plant needs to thrive. Soil type, drainage, sun and Remember, this plant list is just a starting point. The more shade—all affect a plant’s health and, as a result, its appear- information you have about your garden’s conditions and a ance and maintenance needs. particular plant’s needs before you purchase a plant, the bet- ter. By creating a plan and selecting plants wisely, you’ll avoid costly errors, reduce maintenance and enjoy a better way to a beautiful, healthy garden.

PAGE 1 Wet Winter/Dry Summer Plants The following plants are some of the best at faring well in very wet winter soils—often due to slow drainage or constant seepage—and dry summer soils. Plants with an asterisk* can even handle standing water; all will thrive with good summer drainage. Refer to page 12 for additional resources to help you find plants that match your garden’s conditions.

Mature Tree Heights small up to 30 feet tall medium 30 to 70 feet tall Deciduous Evergreen Trees Sun Shade Partial Shade large more than 70 feet tall Acer circinatum vine maple small; great fall color Betula albosinensis var. septentrionalis chinese red birch medium

Betula nigra river birch large Betula utilis var. jacquemontii himalayan white birch medium; gorgeous bark Crataegus laevigata and english hawthorn small Liquidambar styraciflua american sweet gum large Metasequoia glyptostroboides* dawn redwood large; deciduous Pinus contorta var. contorta shore pine large Quercus palustris pin oak large Betula albosinensis var. septentrionalis Aronia arbutifolia red chokeberry autumn berries Aronia melanocarpa black chokeberry autumn berries Aronia × prunifolia purple chokeberry autumn berries darwinii darwin’s barberry dense habit Berberis thunbergii and cultivars japanese barberry ‘Rose Glow’ is a GPP Cornus alba and cultivars* redtwig dogwood ‘Elegantissima’ is a GPP Cornus stolonifera and cultivars* red osier dogwood twig color best in sun salal forms a thicket Myrica californica wax myrtle birds like the berries Physocarpus opulifolius purpleleaf ninebark ‘Diabolo’ is a GPP Potentilla fruticosa shrubby cinquefoil long bloomtime Sambucus nigra and cultivars black elder ‘Gerda’ is a GPP Spiraea douglasii douglas’s spirea vigorous; forms a thicket Spiraea × vanhouttei bridal wreath spirea pretty white

Symphoricarpos albus snowberry white berries; forms a thicket

Berberis darwinii = a Great Plant Picks selection

PAGE 2

Wet Winter/Dry Summer Plants Perennials, Deciduous Deciduous Evergreen

Grasses and More Sun Shade Partial Shade semi-evergreen; brighter gold variegated sweetflag Acorus gramineus ‘Ogon’* in sun

Anemone nemorosa wood anemone dormant in summer Bergenia and hybrids bold Blechnum penna-marina alpine water in sun, needs more water Blechnum spicant deer fern in sun, needs more water Carex ‘Ice Dance’* variegated sedge vigorous groundcover Carex oshimensis ‘Evergold’* variegated japanese sedge Erythronium revolutum pink fawn lily dormant in summer Erythronium ‘Pagoda’ yellow fawn lily dormant in summer needs water until flower Hemerocallis cultivars daylily buds develop

spreading, self-seeding; Limnanthes douglasii poached egg plant dormant in summer

Luzula nivea snowy woodrush unusual texture best with occasional Luzula sylvatica greater woodrush summer water Acorus gramineus ‘Ogon’ best with occasional Osmunda regalis and cultivars* royal fern summer water

best with occasional munitum western sword fern summer water

best with occasional Polystichum polyblepharum japanese tassel fern summer water

Polystichum setiferum Divisilobum best with occasional Group and others soft shield fern summer water

semi-evergreen; out- Waldsteinia ternata barren strawberry competes many weeds Polystichum munitum = a Great Plant Picks selection NOTES:

PAGE 3

Wet Winter/Dry Summer Plants NOTES Taxodium distichum* Nyssa sylvatica* Nyssa sinensis* Metasequoia glyptostroboides* Liquidambar styraciflua Betula utilisvar. jacquemontii Betula nigra Betula albosinensisvar. septentrionalis Amelanchier canadensis match yourgarden’s conditions. Plants withanasterisk*caneventoleratestandingwater. Refer topage12foradditionalresources tohelpyoufindplantsthat Here areavarietyofplantsthatcanthrivewithmoistorwetconditionsthroughouttheyear, includingpoordrainage. Plants Moisture-Loving Trees : bald black chinese dawn american himalayan river chinese shadblow

cypress

birch redwood gum

tupelo red

sweet

serviceberry

white

birch

gum

birch

Sun

Partial Shade

Shade Deciduous Evergreen large medium small Mature Tree Heights large; deciduousconifer medium medium large; deciduousconifer large medium large medium small treeorshrub more than70feettall 30 to70feettall up to30feettall var. Betula alboseninsis Betula septentrionalis Shrubs Aronia arbutifolia red chokeberry autumn berries Aronia melanocarpa black chokeberry autumn berries Aronia × prunifolia purple chokeberry autumn berries Calycanthus floridus carolina allspice interesting flowers Clethra alnifolia sweet pepperbush fragrant pink flowers Cornus alba and cultivars* redtwig dogwood ‘Elegantissima’ is a GPP Cornus stolonifera and cultivars* red osier dogwood sun for best twig color Lonicera involucrata black twinberry forms a thicket Myrica californica california wax myrtle forms a thicket Physocarpus opulifolius and cultivars ninebark ‘Diabolo’ is a GPP Salix discolor* pussy willow forms a thicket Salix purpurea* arctic willow forms a thicket Sambucus nigra black elderberry ‘Gerda’ is a GPP Sambucus racemosa red elderberry glossy red forms a thicket; remove Sorbaria sorbifolia false spirea suckers to restrict spread

Vaccinium corymbosum high bush blueberry delicious fruit Physocarpus opulifolius = a Great Plant Picks selection ‘Diabolo’

PAGE 4

Moisture-Loving Plants Perennials, Deciduous Deciduous Evergreen

Grasses and More Sun Shade Partial Shade Acorus gramineus ‘Ogon’* golden variegated semi-evergreen; sun for sweetflag brightest color

Adiantum aleuticum western maidenhair fern usually sold as A. pedatum Astilbe (all)* astilbe in sun, needs more water Blechnum spicant deer fern in sun, needs more water Caltha palustris* marsh marigold yellow flowers Carex ‘Ice Dance’* variegated sedge vigorous groundcover Carex elata ‘Aurea’* bowles’ golden sedge sun for brightest color Carex oshimensis ‘Evergold’* variegated japanese sedge Dryopteris wallichiana wallich’s wood fern tall, glossy fronds Gunnera manicata giant rhubarb protect from drying winds

‘June’ and ‘Sum and Hosta (all) Substance’ are slug- resistant GPPs

Iris ensata and cultivars* japanese gorgeous flowers Iris laevigata and cultivars japanese iris gorgeous flowers Iris versicolor blue flag gorgeous flowers Ligularia dentata* golden groundsel avoid midday sun Carex ‘Ice Dance’ Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower short-lived perennial Lysimachia nummularia ‘Aurea’* golden creeping jenny spreads quickly Matteuccia struthiopteris ostrich fern spreads vigorously Mimulus cardinalis* scarlet monkey flower dappled shade Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern Osmunda regalis and cultivars* royal fern Primula beesiana* candelabra primrose can be semi-evergreen Primula bulleyana* candelabra primrose can be semi-evergreen Primula denticulata* drumstick primrose can be semi-evergreen Primula elatior* oxlip can be semi-evergreen Primula japonica and cultivars* japanese primrose Rodgersia pinnata* rodgersia cut back mid-summer for water figwort Scrophularia auriculata ‘Variegata’* fresh flush of foliage

Thalictrum delavayi ‘Hewitt’s Double’ double meadow rue airy leaves and flowers Viola glabella stream violet can be semi-evergreen Zantedeschia aethiopica* calla lily evergreen in mild winters Carex elata = a Great Plant Picks selection ‘Aurea’

PAGE 5

Moisture-Loving Plants Tsuga mertensiana Rhamnus (Frangula) purshiana Quercus garryana Pinus contortavar. contorta Malus fusca Cornus nuttali Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Acer circinatum Abies grandis Trees help youfindplantsthatmatchyourgarden’s conditions. toavoidharmingnaturalplantenvironments inthewild. plants arenursery-propagated These areamongthemostgarden-worthynativeplantsavailableinlocalnurseries.Whenbuyingnatives, ask tomake surethe Plants Native Northwest Pacific Favorite mountain cascara garry shore pacific pacific weeping vine grand

maple

oak pine

fir crabapple dogwood

yellow

hemlock

cedar

Sun

Partial Shade

Shade Deciduous Evergreen large medium small Mature Tree Heights drought tolerant small ingardensetting; small; moist,well-drained soil small; needsexcellent drainage summer drought large; tolerateswinterwet, tolerates standingwater orsmalltree; large soil; droughttolerant medium; moistwell-drained ‘Pendula’ isaGPP large; droughttolerant; small; greatfallcolor large; droughttolerant Refer topage12foradditionalresources to more than70feettall 30 to70feettall up to30feettall Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Chamaecyparis ‘Pendula’ Shrubs Acer glabrum douglas maple shrub or small tree Amelanchier alnifolia serviceberry, saskatoon well-drained soil Arctostaphylos uva-ursi kinnikinnick groundcover Cornus stolonifera (sericea) red osier dogwood moist or dry soil tolerates dry soil once Gaultheria shallon salal established

Holodiscus discolor ocean spray forms a thicket Ledum groenlandicum labrador tea moist soil forms a thicket; drought black twinberry Lonicera involucrata tolerant

Mahonia aquifolium tall grape 5-10 feet tall shrub drought tolerant; low-growing cascade oregon grape nervosa groundcover to 2 feet tall Myrica californica Mahonia repens creeping oregon grape 12-24 inch tall groundcover tolerates winter wet, california wax myrtle Myrica californica summer drought

Myrica gale sweet gale wet to very moist soil Paxistima myrsinites falsebox compact shrub Philadelphus lewisii mock orange fragrant flowers Physocarpus capitatus pacific ninebark moist to fairly wet soil

Rubus parviflorus = a Great Plant Picks selection

PAGE 6

Favorite Pacific Northwest Native Plants Shrubs Shrubs Vaccinium parvifolium Symphoricarpos albus Spiraea douglasiisubsp. Sambucus racemosasubsp.pubens Sambucus nigrasubsp.cerulea Rubus spectabilis Rubus parviflorus Rosa nutkana Rosa gymnocarpa Ribes sanguineum Rhododendron occidentale Rhododendron macrophyllum (cont.) red evergreen common hardhack red blue salmonberry thimbleberry nootka baldhip flowering western rhododendron pacific huckleberry elderberry

elderberry

coast

rose rose

azalea snowberry

huckleberry currant

Sun

Partial Shade

Shade Deciduous Evergreen tangy redberries delicious blueberries white berries forms athicket; moist towetsoils forms athicket; aggressive; bright redfruits blue forms athicket; moistsoils soils dry forms athicket; moistor forms athicket; pinkflowers shade drought tolerant,dry established soilonce tolerates dry needs gooddrainage sites moist tofairlydry Rubus spectabilis Rubus Perennials, Grasses and More Adiantum aleuticum western maidenhair fern in sun, needs more water Allium cernuum nodding onion bulb; pink flowers Antennaria microphylla rosy pussytoes also called A. rosea Aquilegia formosa red columbine red-and-yellow flowers Armeria maritima sea thrift moist to dry soil Aruncus dioicus goat’s beard Asarum caudatum wild ginger spreading groundcover Blechnum spicant deer fern in sun, needs more water Camassia leichtlinii leichtlin’s camas bulb; blue or white flowers bulb; tolerates winter wet, common camas Camassia quamash summer drought

Campanula rotundifola common harebell small perennial Carex obnupta slough sedge wet site or standing water Cornus canadensis bunchberry slow-growing groundcover spreads quickly; dormant pacific bleeding heart Dicentra formosa in summer

Disporum hookeri hooker’s fairybells dainty white flowers Dodecatheon pulchellum few-flowered shootingstar moist soil in sun Eriophyllum lanatum oregon sunshine drought tolerant Blechnum spicant = a Great Plant Picks selection

PAGE 7

Favorite Pacific Northwest Native Plants Smilacina racemosa Sisyrinchium douglasii Sisyrinchium californicum Sedum spathulifolium Sedum oreganum Sedum divergens Polystichum munitum Petasites frigidus Oxalis oregana Maianthemum dilatatum ciliosa Lonicera columbiana Lewisia Juncus effusus Iris tenax Heuchera micrantha (disjunctum) Gymnocarpium dryopteris Fragaria chiloensis Grasses andMore Perennials, (cont.) false satin golden broadleaf oregon spreading sword western oregon false honeysuckle western columbia common toughleaf small oak beach

fern -

flower solomon lily

-

strawberry flowered fern -

stonecrop oxalis eyed

coltsfoot trumpet or

-

lewisia stonecrop

of stonecrop

iris soft -

grass the ’ s

seal rush alumroot -

valley

Sun

Partial Shade

Shade Deciduous Evergreen white flowers;red fruit red-purple flowers semi-evergreen; self-seeds flattened grayleaves oval succulentleaves round succulentleaves established drought tolerantonce moistsoil wet tovery also evergreenforms dormant insummer spreading groundcover; climbing vine needs excellent drainage wet tomoistsoil;grass-like semi-evergreen also calledG.disjunctum spreading groundcover Polystichum munitum Polystichum Smilacina racemosa Smilacina white flowers; dark blue or Smilacina stellata star-flowered solomon’s seal reddish-black fruit

Tellima grandiflora fringecup moist soil Thalictrum occidentale western meadowrue blue-green foliage Tiarella trifoliata foamflower moist soil Tolmiea menziesii piggy-back plant moist soil Trillium ovatum western trillium dormant in summer inside-out flower dainty groundcover

= a Great Plant Picks selection

Finding Native Plants Most retail nurseries sell a variety of native plants. However, some of the selections on the Favorite Pacific Northwest Plants list may be available only from nurseries that specialize in native plants. To identify native plant nurseries, go to the Native Plant Society (WNPS) website at www.wnps.org and click on “Landscaping,” then on “Native Plant & Seed Sources.” You can also purchase natives at the WNPS plant sales, also listed on their site. Or, simply ask your favorite nursery if they will order native plants for you.

For descriptions and photos of many native plants, visit the Master Gardener website at http://gardening.wsu.edu/nwnative/

PAGE 8

Favorite Pacific Northwest Native Plants Ginkgo biloba‘Autumn Gold’ ‘Aspleniifolia’ Fagus sylvatica var. heterophylla Fagus sylvatica ‘Purple Fountain’ Crataegus ×lavalleei Cornus mas Carpinus betulus‘Fastigiata’ Calocedrus decurrens Betula utilisvar. jacquemontii Betula albosinensisvar. septentrionalis Acer triflorum Acer tataricumsubsp.ginnala Acer griseum Acer buergerianum Trees find plantsthatmatchyourgarden’s conditions. on theWet Winter/Dry SummerPlantslistarealsodrought-tolerant.Refer topage12foradditionalresources tohelpyou process thatusuallytakestheseplantsneedgooddrainageinwinter. 2to3years.Asageneralrule, Notethattheplants theyareestablished,a withlittle or nosupplementalwatering—besidesrainfall—after The followingplantscansurvive Plants Drought-Tolerant maidenhair fernleaf beech columnar lavalle cornelian european incense himalayan chinese roughbark amur paperbark trident

maple

cedar s red maple

hawthorn

beech

hornbeam

maple

weeping cherry

white maple

tree birch

birch

copper

Sun

Partial Shade

Shade Deciduous Evergreen large medium small; columnar small; showyfruit orsmalltree shrub medium; slowgrowing large; conifer medium; whitebark medium small small; suckering tree small; peelingbark small; slowgrowing large medium small Mature Tree Heights more than70feettall 30 to70feettall up to30feettall ‘AutumnGold’ Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo Koelreuteria paniculata goldenrain tree medium Parrotia persica persian ironwood medium Picea omorika serbian spruce medium; slender conifer Picea orientalis oriental spruce large; conifer Pinus leucodermis bosnian pine medium; conifer

Pinus parviflora f. glauca blue-needled japanese medium; conifer white pine

Pyrus salicifolia ‘Pendula’ weeping willowleaf pear small; weeping form large; ‘Glaucum’ and giant sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum and cultivars ‘Pendulum’ are GPPs

medium; slow growing; windmill palm Trachycarpus fortunei protect when young

small in garden setting; mountain hemlock Tsuga mertensiana conifer Trachycarpus fortunei = a Great Plant Picks selection NOTES:

PAGE 9

Drought-Tolerant Plants Deciduous Deciduous Evergreen Shrubs Sun Shade Partial Shade Arbutus unedo strawberry tree shrub or small tree Berberis darwinii darwin’s barberry blooms better in sun Ceanothus ‘Julia Phelps’ california lilac midnight blue flowers Ceanothus ‘Victoria’ california lilac bright blue flowers Ceanothus ‘Puget Blue’ california lilac bright blue flowers Choisya ‘Aztec Pearl’ mexican mock orange fragrant white flowers Cistus × hybridus white rockrose Cotinus ‘Grace’ hybrid smoketree large burgundy leaves Cotoneaster dammeri bearberry cotoneaster groundcover

golden variegated fragrant flowers in fall Elaeagnus pungens ‘Maculata’ elaeagnus Arbutus unedo Hebe ‘Emerald Green’ white flowers Hebe cupressoides ‘Boughton Dome’ cypress hebe white flowers Hebe ochracea ‘James Stirling’ whipcord hebe bronzey foliage Hebe odora ‘New Zealand Gold’ white flowers Hebe pinguifolia white flowers Hebe topiaria white flowers Ilex aquifolium ‘Ferox Argentea’ hedgehog male clone: no berries Ilex crenata ‘Convexa’ convex japanese holly excellent for hedge Laurus nobilis bay laurel excellent for cooking Mahonia nervosa cascade oregon grape blue berries Elaeagnus pungens ‘Maculata’ needs some water in full dwarf heavenly bamboo domestica ‘Gulf Stream’ sun to look its best

Malus toringo subsp. sargentii ‘Tina’ dwarf sargent’s crabapple disease resistant ‘King Edward VII’ and flowering currant Ribes sanguineum and cultivars ‘White Icicle’ are GPPs

Syringa vulgaris and cultivars common lilac fragrant flowers Taxus baccata ‘Fastigiata’ irish yew columnar conifer Taxus baccata ‘Repandens’ spreading english yew mounding conifer Viburnum tinus ‘Spring Bouquet’ compact laurustinus flowers less in shade Viburnum tinus ‘Spring Bouquet’ Perennials, Grasses and More Allium cristophii star of persia bulb; sandy soil Anemone nemorosa wood anemone dormant in summer Asarum europaeum european wild ginger creeping groundcover Agastache ‘Blue Fortune’ hybrid hyssop long bloomtime Camassia leichtlinii subsp. leichtlinii leichtlin’s camas bulb; dormant in summer Crocus tommasinianus tommasini’s crocus bulb; dormant in summer Cyclamen coum persian violet tuber; dormant in summer Allium cristophii = a Great Plant Picks selection

PAGE 10

Drought-Tolerant Plants Grasses andMore Perennials, Vitis vinifera‘Purpurea’ Stipa gigantea Salvia verticillata‘Purple Rain’ Miscanthus sinensis‘MorningLight’ japonica Lonicera ×superbum‘Becky’ Leucanthemum squalida‘Pratt’sLeptinella Black’ vernus Lathyrus Helleborus ×hybridus Helleborus foetidus Helleborus argutifolius Helictotrichon sempervirens Helenium ‘MoerheimBeauty’ Euphorbia characiassubsp.wulfenii ×versicolor‘Sulfureum’ Crambe maritima Cyclamen hederifolium (cont.) purpleleaf giant salvia chinese japanese shasta brass spring lenten stinking corsican blue sneezeweed spurge large barrenwort sea ivyleaf

kale

oat

buttons

needle

mediterranean

bush daisy

rose cyclamen silvergrass

honeysuckle hellebore grass hellebore

grapevine pea

grass = aGreatPlantPicks selection

Sun

Partial Shade

Shade Deciduous Evergreen vine; redderinsun trim backinfall long bloomtime cut togroundinMarch vine; fragrantflowers long bloomtime creeper forcrevices charming showy flowers green flowers striking leaves do notcuttoground comb outoldleaves; cause rash contact withsapmay groundcover add limetosoil tuber; dormantinsummer Cyclamen hederifolium Cyclamen Vitis vinifera Vitis ‘Purpurea’ PAGE 11

Drought-Tolerant Plants Resources & Credits Books for more plant information Photo credits A to Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants by Christopher Brickell; Cover and waterwise garden photos: Jacqueline Koch American Horticultural Society, DK Publishing, Inc., 2004. Plant photos: Courtesy Great Plant Picks, Richie Steffen, Encyclopedia of Northwest Native Plants for Gardens and Landscapes Richard Hartlage, Alan Dodson by Kathleen Robson, Alice Richter, and Marianne Filbert; Timber Press, 2008. With thanks to Perfect Plant, Perfect Place by Roy Lancaster; DK Publishing, Inc., 2010. Center for Urban Horticulture Sunset Western Garden Book by Kathleen Norris Brenzel, editor; Furney’s Nursery Sunset Publishing Corporation, 2007. Molbak’s Trees and Shrubs for Pacific Northwest Gardens by John and Carol Grant; Rhododendron Species Botanical Garden Timber Press, 1990. Swanson’s Nursery University of Botanical Garden Hotlines for gardening questions Washington Native Plant Society Master Gardeners, WSU Snohomish County Extension, 425-357-6010, Washington State Department of Transportation www.snohomish.wsu.edu Plant Answer Line, UW Botanic Gardens, 206-897-5268 A Special Note of Appreciation to Carolyn Jones and Richie Steffen of the Elisabeth Carey Miller Botanical Websites Garden and Great Plants Picks for their generous help in creating this Great Plant Picks www.greatplantpicks.org plant list. Natural Lawn & Garden Care www.naturalyardcare.info UW Botanic Garden www.millerlibrary.org Washington State University Extension Master Gardeners http://gardening.wsu.edu Native plant information (also see page 8) www.wnps.org http://gardening.wsu.edu/nwnative Great Plant Picks The Great Plant Picks (GPP) educational program promotes plants well-suited to Pacific Northwest gardens west of the Cascade Mountains. Each year, noteworthy plants are added to the GPP list, selected by professional horticulturists from Washington, Oregon and British Columbia. GPP is funded by the Pendleton and Elisabeth Miller Charitable Foundation and administered by the staff of the Elisabeth Carey Miller Botanical Garden. For more details, visit: www.greatplantpicks.org

PAGE 12 NOTES: PAGE 13 To request a Natural Lawn & Garden The Natural Lawn & Garden Series Guide, visit www.naturalyardcare.info or contact: l Snohomish Conservation District (425) 335-5634, ext. 4, www.snohomishcd.org l Snohomish County Public Works, Surface Water Management Division (425) 388-3464, www.naturalyard.surfacewater.info Growing Healthy Soil Choosing the Right Plants Smart Watering l WSU Snohomish County Extension Master Gardeners (425) 357-6010, www.snohomish.wsu.edu

Composting at Home Natural Pest, Weed & Natural Lawn Care Disease Control

Natural Yard Care (summary) Snohomish County Public Works Surface Water Management This brochure was developed by the City of Seattle Public Utilities. Snohomish County thanks the City of Seattle for permission to reproduce it. For TTY assistance, please call 711. © 2010 Seattle Public Utilities Printed on 100% recycled paper. 9/2010