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Lietuvos Socialinė Raida Social Development of Lithuania

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Lietuvos Socialinė Raida Social Development of Lithuania LIETUVOS SOCIALINIŲ TYRIMŲ CENTRAS Regioniniai socialinės diferenciacijos ypatumai I SSN 2029-963X 20192019 Nr.Nr. 88 9 772029 963000 ISSN 2029-963X (spausdintinis) ISSN 2424-497X (internete) LIETUVOS SOCIALINIŲ TYRIMŲ CENTRAS LITHUANIAN SOCIAL RESEARCH CENTRE LIETUVOS SOCIALINĖ RAIDA SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF LITHUANIA REGIONINIAI SOCIALINĖS DIFERENCIACIJOS YPATUMAI REGIONAL ASPECTS OF SOCIAL DIFFERENCE 2019 Nr. 8 VILNIUS, 2019 Sudarytojai: Dr. Donatas Burneika (Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centras) Dokt. Viktorija Baranauskienė (Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centras) Redkolegija: dr. Aušra Maslauskaitė (Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centras) dr. Andrius Marcinkevičius (Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centras) dr. Laimutė Žalimienė (Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centras) dr. Aurelija Novelskaitė (Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centras) dr. Inga Blažienė (Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centras) dr. Sandra Krutulienė (Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centras) dr. Dovilė Krupickaitė (Vilniaus universitetas) dr. Tadas Leončikas (Eurofondas) dr. Aiva Jasilionienė (Makso Planko demografinių tyrimų institutas, Vokietija) dr. Vikinta Rosinaitė (American University of the Midle East, Kuveitas) dr. Viginta Ivaškaitė-Tamošiūnė (Europos komisijos Jungtinis mokslo centras, Ispanija) Recenzentai: Prof. dr. Saulius Stanaitis (Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas) dr. Gintaras Ribokas (Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centras) dr. Sandra Krutulienė (Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centras) Apsvarstyta Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centro Mokslo tarybos posėdyje 2019 m. gruodžio 17 d. Mokslo tarybos protokolo Nr. MT-6. Kalbos redaktorius: Tomas Taškauskas Maketuotojas: Rimantas Junevičius Leidžia Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centras ISSN 2029-963X (spausdintinis) A. Goštauto g. 9, LT-01108 Vilnius ISSN 2424-497X (internete) © Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centras, 2019 REGIONINIAI SOCIALINĖS DIFERENCIACIJOS YPATUMAI TURINYS PRATARMĖ ................................................................................................................................... 5 PRATARMĖ (anglų kalba) ............................................................................................................. 9 Rūta Ubarevičienė, Donatas Burneika REZIDENCINĖ DIFERENCIACIJA BALTIJOS ŠALYSE XXI A. PRADŽIOJE ........................ 13 Edis Kriaučiūnas, Simona Ščerbinskaitė NEGYVENAMOS TERITORIJOS LIETUVOS GYVENVIEČIŲ SISTEMOJE ........................... 31 Gintarė Pociūtė-Sereikienė ŠIAULIŲ MIESTO MAŽĖJIMAS: DEPOPULIACIJĄ LĖMUSIOS PRIEŽASTYS, IŠRYŠKĖJUSIOS PASEKMĖS, MIESTO VALDŽIOS ATSAKAS ............................................. 47 Arūnas Pocius, Rasa Miežienė, Laima Okunevičiūtė Neverauskienė DEMOGRAFINIŲ POKYČIŲ ĮTAKA DARBO RINKAI LIETUVOS APSKRITYSE ................ 66 Snieguolė Grigužauskaitė DARBAS AR ŠEIMA? IKIMOKYKLINIO AMŽIAUS VAIKŲ AUGINIMO IŠŠŪKIAI ........... 87 Daiva Skučienė PAJAMŲ NELYGYBĖ LIETUVOS APSKRITYSE ...................................................................... 104 Laima Okunevičiūtė Neverauskienė, Arūnas Pocius, Eduardas Kęstutis Sviklas ŠALIES GYVENTOJŲ GEROVĖS TERITORINIŲ SKIRTUMŲ VERTINIMAS ....................... 113 Daumantas Stumbrys, Viktorija Andreikėnaitė, Arūnas Germanavičius SAVIŽUDYBIŲ LYGIO DIFERENCIACIJA LIETUVOJE VIDUTINĖS TIKĖTINOS GYVENIMO TRUKMĖS DIDĖJIMO KONTEKSTE .................................................................... 131 Inga Gaižauskaitė SOCIALINIO IR POLITINIO (NE)PASITIKĖJIMO KAITA BALTIJOS ŠALYSE 1990-2018 M. .................................................................................................................. 145 3 LIETUVOS SOCIALINĖ RAIDA. 2019 Nr. 8 CONTENT PREFACE (Lithuanian) ................................................................................................................... 5 PREFACE ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Rūta Ubarevičienė, Donatas Burneika RESIDENTIAL DIFFERENTIATION IN THE BALTIC STATES IN THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY ............................................................................ 13 Edis Kriaučiūnas, Simona Ščerbinskaitė NON-RESIDENTIAL AREAS IN LITHUANIAN SETTLEMENTS‘ SYSTEM .......................... 31 Gintarė Pociūtė-Sereikienė SHRINKING CITY ŠIAULIAI: DRIVERS, CONSEQUENCES AND GOVERNMENT RESPONSE ......................................................................................................... 47 Arūnas Pocius, Rasa Miežienė, Laima Okunevičiūtė Neverauskienė THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES ON THE LABOUR MARKET IN THE LITHUANIAN COUNTIES .............................................................................................. 66 Snieguolė Grigužauskaitė WORK OR FAMILY? CHALANGES OF RAISING PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ........................ 87 Daiva Skučienė INCOME INEQUALITY AMONG COUNTIES OF LITHUANIA ............................................... 104 Laima Okunevičiūtė Neverauskienė, Arūnas Pocius, Eduardas Kęstutis Sviklas ASSESSMENT OF TERRITORIAL DIFFERENCES OF POPULATION WELFARE ................ 113 Daumantas Stumbrys, Viktorija Andreikėnaitė, Arūnas Germanavičius SUICIDE MORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS IN THE CONTEXT OF LIFE EXPECTANCY INCREASE IN LITHUANIA ............................................................................... 131 Inga Gaižauskaitė DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL (DIS)TRUST IN THE BALTIC STATES DURING 1990-2018 ........................................................................... 145 4 REGIONINIAI SOCIALINĖS DIFERENCIACIJOS YPATUMAI PRATARMĖ Aštuntasis Lietuvos socialinės raidos mokslo žurnalas – tęstinis Lietuvos socialinių tyri- mų centro recenzuojamas mokslo leidinys, skirtas socialinių procesų teritorinės (regioninės) diferenciacijos tyrimų rezultatams pristatyti. Šis leidinys parengtas įgyvendinant Lietuvos socialinių tyrimų centro ilgalaikę institucinę mokslinių tyrimų programą „Lietuvos visuo- menės socialinės diferenciacijos procesai ir integracijos prielaidos (2017–2021)“. Programos tikslas – tirti Lietuvos visuomenės socialinės struktūros kaitą, gyventojų grupių socialinę elg- seną ir tapatumus siekiant atskleisti socialinės diferenciacijos ir integracijos procesų tenden- cijas Lietuvoje Europos šalių kontekste. Siekiant užtikrinti šalies gyventojų gerovę būtina, visų pirma, pažinti demografinius, so- cialinius ir ekonominius procesus, vykstančius Lietuvoje. Šių procesų kaita pasižymi itin ryš- kiais erdviniais skirtumais, dėl kurių skirtingų šalies regionų gyventojai turi skirtingas gyve- nimo, darbo ir poilsio sąlygas. Tokia situacija sudaro prielaidas augti socio-erdvinei nelygy- bei, nes skirtingose vietose gyvenantys žmonės turi skirtingas galimybes realizuoti savo sie- kius. Augantys metropoliniai miestai, mažėjantys regionų centrai ir nykstanti periferija yra akivaizdūs procesai, bet šių procesų pasekmės tų vietų gyventojams ir visai šalies raidai vis dar lieka neaiškios. Šiame leidinyje skelbiamuose mokslo straipsniuose siekiama prisidėti prie vykstančių procesų, jų priežasčių ir pasekmių pažinimo. Leidinys pradedamas Rūtos Ubarevičienės ir Donato Burneikos straipsniu „Rezidencinė diferenciacija Baltijos šalyse XXI a. pradžioje“. Publikacija atskleidžia gyventojų struktūros teritorinius pokyčius, įvykusius Lietuvoje, Latvijoje ir Estijoje pirmajame XXI a. dešimtme- tyje. Šalys patyrė panašias ekonomines ir politines transformacijas, tačiau jų gyvenviečių sistemos yra labai skirtingos. Palyginamojo pobūdžio straipsnis leidžia pažvelgti į mūsų šaly- je vykstančius procesus iš tolimesnės perspektyvos. Bendros tendencijos rodo, kad Lietuvoje vykstantys reiškiniai nėra unikalūs, todėl ir jų priežastys yra universalios. Iš kitos pusės, toks palyginimas leidžia pastebėti skirtumus tarp šalių ir padeda įvertinti specifinių vietos veiks- nių įtaką procesų erdvinei raiškai. Autoriai atskleidė, kad trijose šalyse gyventojų diferencia- cija yra didėjanti, t. y. metropoliniuose regionuose auga gyventojų koncentracija, kuri pasižy- mi jaunesniais ir aukštesnės socioekonominės klasės gyventojais, o tolstant nuo jų – sparčiai intensyvėja neigiamos kaitos tendencijos. Autoriai taip pat pastebi, kad dėl skirtingų Baltijos šalių istoriškai susiklosčiusių gyvenviečių sistemų skiriasi ir šalių sociodemografinės erd- vinės struktūros kaitos kryptys ir jų pasekmės. Edžio Kriaučiūno ir Simonos Ščerbinskaitės straipsnyje „Negyvenamos teritorijos Lietu- vos gyvenviečių sistemoje“ pristatomas Lietuvos negyvenamų teritorijų erdvinės sklaidos, kaip vieno iš žmogaus veiklos teritorinę organizaciją atspindinčių rodiklių, tyrimas. Anali- zuojamos gyvenamosios vietovės statuso neturinčios teritorijos ir gyvenamosios vietovės, kur pagal paskutinio gyventojų surašymo duomenis nebuvo gyventojų. Tyrimas išryškino 5 LIETUVOS SOCIALINĖ RAIDA. 2019 Nr. 8 didelius negyvenamų teritorijų pasiskirstymo Lietuvoje skirtumus. Autoriai pastebi, kad negyvenamų teritorijų dalis ir pasiskirstymas savivaldybėse priklauso nuo teritorijos krašto- vaizdžio ypatybių ir istoriškai susiformavusių regioninių kaimo gyvenviečių sistemos ypatu- mų. Daugiausia negyvenamų teritorijų nustatyta miškingose vietovėse; daugiausia gyvena- mųjų vietovių neturinčių gyventojų – Šiaurės Rytų Lietuvoje. Autoriai siūlo atsižvelgti į nustatytus dėsningumus vykdant bendrąjį teritorijos planavimą ir atliekant atskirų vietovių (savivaldybių, seniūnijų) socialinės raidos tyrimus bei kitus socialinio planavimo darbus. Gintarės Pociūtės-Sereikienės straipsnis „Šiaulių miesto mažėjimas: depopuliaciją lėmu- sios priežastys, išryškėjusios pasekmės, miesto valdžios atsakas“ skirtas ne
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