Notice of Communion Cups from Duirinish, Skye, with Notes on Other Sets of Scottish Church Plate, of Which Specimens Were Exhibited

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XII. NOTICE OF COMMUNION CUPS FROM DUIRINISH, SKYE, WITH NOTES ON OTHER SETS OF SCOTTISH CHURCH PLATE, OF WHICH SPECIMENS WERE EXHIBITED. BY NORMAN MACPHERSON, LL.D., SHERIFF OF DUMFRIES AND GALLOWAY, PROFESSOR OP SOOTS LAW, UNIVER- SITY OF EDINBURGH, V.P. S.A. SCOT.

Having heard from the Rev. Roderick Morison, minister of the parish of Kintail, formerl f thayo f Bracadal o t n Slcyei e , thae communioth t n cup f Bracadalo s e f remarkabl(figo wer) d .1 an f grea eo e ag et s formwa I , anxious to see them. On making inquiry, I learned that thej' were used e parisbotth f n Bracadalhi ho than i f Duirinish, o td an e werd an t 1 ea e custod ministee th time lattere th th th n Reve f i e yo f th , o r. Duncan M'Callum, who kindly sent them to me for examination. They were d see r sha shoulo n I unlik dy an have e expectee th o fint n di d Hebrides, or indeed in Scotland, that I thought it would be inteiesting to the Society to see them, and that it would add to the interest if I could ascertai e prevailinnth whas wa t g for f mcommunioo n cups after e Reformationth d whethean , r there wershapey an e s which coule b d considered typically Scottish, and could be traced to any historical source. I have therefore endeavoure learo dt n what communion cups exist known custoe 1Th f mborrowino e celebratiog platth r e fo Lord'e th f no s Suppe vers i r y old. Thus the minutes of the parish of Newbattle, published by the Society, show that, prio 1646o t r , thahabie th tborrowinf o tn paris i s hwa g from Dalkeith, and, till quite recently^ the parish of Middlebie used to borrow some cups from the parish of Hod- clam whicr fo , n returhi t gavi n loa e flagonsf eth no als e oSe not. . 432ep . NOTICE OF COMMOTION CUPS FEOM DUIKINISH, SKYE. 399

to have been made prior to the close of the seventeenth century; and indeed I have continued the inquiry down to 1745, after which date Scottish taste canno e supposeb t o havt d e been free from Anglican influence. As Christianity was extended over the west and north of Scotland,

Kg. 1. Bracadale-Duirinish, Skye.

from Irelan d lonan da throug t Columba S he practic e th th d f o an e, early Celtic Church differed materially from tha Irelano f Komet to s i t i d, rather tha Romo nt e tha shoule w t d loo anythinr kfo g distinctive. Communio n boti n e hpractice Celtith kind th s f co ewa s Church, earll al f ayso churches win e gives th ewa d n an ,mixe d with water.e W 1 Academy,e Th e 1Se Decembe , 1884r13 . 400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JUNE 14, 1886.

might therefore expec fino t t d larger chalice thae us n n si whe wine nth e was given only to the clergy. Though no really ancient chalice has been found in Scotland, we are fortunate in .being able to point to several Irish examples. Far exceeding all others in interest to us is the great Ardagh chalice f whico , reproductioa h e Museumth n i t I s i n. a two-hande s i d chalice, abou 9 inchet n diameteri s , considereo t d belonninte th r tentho o gt h century, f mos1o t exquisite workmanship, s purposfitteit d r an dfo f containin o e gsuppla larga r yefo numbef o r communicants. e peoplTh e actually dran e winth k e direcn i t s fro a e cupt mth no , some churches through a pipe or fistula, to prevent desecration. This we learn e Celtifro th rule mf th ceo Church, thatp whosoevecu e th t bi r should receiv stripes.x esi 2 In the absence of any Scoto-Celtic cups, I have nothing to refer to as representin e earlth g y conventional communioa idea f o n cup t thosbu , e sculptured on tombstones, of which three are given from Mr Drummond's well-know places ni altarn a worke shows n da ,On o . fign ni . 2; another right-hane th t a (fig ) 4 . dhea e sculpturesida th f f deo o e th d n figureo t no , breast mosn o s ta ,Englis h tomb ecclesiasticf so thire s th ; d (fig ) show5 . s the chalice placed on the left of a Celtic cross. The chalice (fig. 3) is taken fro t mDuthac'toma S n i b t Tainsa , where places alsi t oi t da righe th heae recumbenta th sidf do f eo t ecclesiastic I hav. e seee non wit hstila l more open bow verd an ly shor tt Magnu steslaS a n n mbi o s at Kirkwall, on which there is also a cross, apparently of date not long precedin Eeformatione gth whico t , h period indeed all these monuments

1 See Trans. of Hoyal Irish Academy, vol. xxiv. p. 451, whore detailed drawings of this and other ancient chalices will be found. Others may be seen in Smith's Dictionary f Christiano Antiquities, wee Chalice. . S Columtani2 Regula Cosnobialis, . iv.—Sirailitec r qui pertuderit dentibus calieem salutarem x pereussionibuse , s (Warren's Liturgy d e RitualCelticth an f o Church, Oxford, 1881, p. 134). The habit here struck at, as well as the cups often having two handles, suggest that the cup did not leave the hand of the priest. There are many richly ornamented examples of great chalices, Irish and foreign, handleso tw t t witwherbu no ,h e cup d th elarg ha s e bowl e wids largth a s es a e Edinburgh seventeent e cupth f so h thiccenturya n o k t stem se muc,d e an shap, hth e of those on the lona tombs. The beautiful chalice of Kremsmunster, in Bavaria, is 61 inche ornamentatios s ha wide d an , n that might have been mad Irelandn ei . NOTICE OF COMMUNION CUPS FROM DUIRINISH, SKYE. 401

may be assigned. The common feature of all these cups is that the base is almost as large, and the same shape as the bowl. The two lying at the side of the heads of priests, one from the West Coast and one fro Easte malmosth e ar , t identical.

Fig, 2.

That there was ecclesiastical silver plate in great abundance in Scot- land, and of a high order, before the Eeformation, we know from inventories of plate belonging to St Andrews, Aberdeen, t Giles'S o t , &c., which have recently been pub- o lisheddrawing n havy t an ebu ;f beeo s n preserved. reasoThero n supposs o i et n e thae averagth t e form e chaliceoth f se grea th use tn di Scottish establish- ments differed from elsewheree t thosus ar n e ei Th . of makin e largelgon plats y ewa practise monksy db , and the forms and fashions of vessels used for church purposes would naturally pass with rapidity froe mon countr another.o yt Not many specimen Englann si d survive e statuteth d f Henro s y VIII., Edward VI.Elizabethd an , d an , VOL. XX. 2 C Fig. 4. Tombstone of a Prior of lona.

Fig. 5. Tombstone at lona. NOTIC COMMUNIOF O E N CUPS FROM DUIRINISH, 3 SKYE40 .

in Scotland more favour for such objects of interest was not to be expected saie b tha s l d i thae cup n Al th tf nativca t.so e manufacture, first found in use in the seventeenth century, resemble the simple cups foun n tombstoneso d , rather tha e mornth e e ornatth n i e e typeus n si richer foreign ecclesiastical houses prior to the Eeformation. Through the kindness of the clergy, a typical collection has been brought together from different parts of the country,1 and a large number of those dating from the seventeenth century has been engraved. e Bracadale-Duiriniso returth T o t n h cups; thef o y e b prov o t e English manufacture, with the Hall mark of 1612-13, and are all but identical in form and ornament with the Edmonds cup. The Edmonds cup (fig. 6) is one of a series in the possession of the Carpenters' Company in London, all of which have covers like those of the Perth cups (figs. 7 and 8). Mr Cripps (Old English Plate, 3rd ed., p. 256), speak s churcf a theo st m no hs corporatioa plate t bu , n cupse H . similaf mentiono e us r e cup sth chalices sa s bot Somersen hi Corn-d an t , wall, and recent publications show them in the dioceses of Canterbury d Carlislean . Several examples, some use s seculaa d d soman s ra e ecclesiastical cups e almosar , t exactl same th yey alikeb make d an s , a r e Skyth e Middle cupsTh . e Churc f ChurcPerthd ho ol e ,h th par f o t of St John, has two beautiful examples of the same type, used as chalices sinc e earleth yseventeente parth f o t h century. How came these, amon e oldesgth t piece f platso Scotlandn i e e b o t , used for church purposes in Skye ? Engraved on each cup are the letters S. E. M. over a shield, not a matriculated shield of any Macleod family, but found in the Lyon Office, in the MS. known as " Gentlemen's Arms, therd "an e titled " Macleo f thado t e castlIlk.Th "e pointt sno doubtfull e familth f o Macleodt o y o whictw o t , e e wholth th h f o e parishes of Bracadale and Duirinish belonged at one time, as they still do in great part; and the letters S. E. M. no doubt stand for Sir Eoderick Macleod; but there were two of that name and family—

A still larger collection was displayed at the International Exhibition, brought 1 together by Messrs Marshall & Sons. To Mr Brook, F.S.A. Scot., we are indebted for a considerable number of drawings, including the three Perth cups (figs. 7, 8, and 11). 404 , PEO'CEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JUNE 14, 1886. •

1. The well-known Rorie More, a leading chief in the days of James VI., whose chequered career shows frequent periods of. strained relations wit e Governmenhth s knowni e day e th H f .o , t however, to have got a free pass to go to England, to have been in London for

• Fig. 6. The Edmonds Cup, London. some time, and to have been knighted in 1613.1 He thus was in Lon- don abou vere th t y time that these cups were made diee H 1625n di . . 2.. A younger .son of Eorie More, to whom his father gave a long tack Gregory's Highlands and Inlands. . ." ; 1 . FigsCommunio8 , 7 . n Cupt John'sS f so , Perth, 406 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JUNE 14, 1886. of the lands of Talisker, in the parish of Bracadale. He commanded a large detachment of Skye men at the battle of Worcester. He fre- quently appeared at the Court of Charles II. after the Eesfcoration, and he too was knighted. The introduction of the Mackay stag's head into the arms engraved on the cups points to this Sir Eoderick as the probable donor, as he married a daughter of Lord Eeay, and is the only member of the Dunvegan family known to have married a Mackay.1 It is strange that another remarkable cup of the same type belonged to the chief of the other great sept of the Macleods, viz., Macleod of Lewis. f Thi Englisalso p s oscu i h manufacture. Thertraditioo n s ei n of its use for church purposes in Scotland. It now belongs to Macleod of Cadboll o alsowh , owns another very interestin richlp cu g y chased with patterns, apparently of Celtic type. . Simila n i characte re Bracadale-Duirinisth o t r h cupe threar s e belongin e Middlth o t g e Church, Perth e transepth , t d S nav f an to e Johns. Of the Perth cups, all of which are by different makers, two are showe Halth ly nb mark Englise b o st f 1611-1ho . 8) 2 d (figsan 7 . Bot decoratee har d wit alse he coveoon grapesth witf o d r han , roses, acorns d thistles an ,lettere e thir(figp th Th cu dn .e s o 11) ar ,B NH know o belont n o Nurembergt g s difficuli t I . ty whetsa o n they came into the possession of the Perth kirk-session, but it was probably 1 Having first e cuphear th s belonginf sa o d Bracadaleo gt t onca ,I e concluded that they were the gift of Sir Roderick of Talisker, which is situated in that parish. But anxious to test the accuracy of my impression, I wrote to the Lyon .office, enclosin grubbina shielde th f I gavgo . informatio o en whero t s n a t ecami e from, nor did I say on what the arms were engraved, I merely said, "You say Heraldry is History ; if it be, tell me whose shield was this." Lyon being absent, my note fell int e handr Stodartoth M f thisd o ha .s I replNex y yda t :—"The arm whicf so h you send a sketch do not seem to be registered here, but Highlanders used to be a little irregular in their proceedings in armorial as well as other matters. I think it probable that this coat may have been borne by Sir Eoderick Macleod of Talisker, who made a considerable figure in the reign of Charles II." Scotlan t possesno d dsgenealogisdi a t better verse n famildi y history mora r o , e enthusiastic herald thino t , d passes ktha sa Stodartr ha tha s M ui e d h t t awa I . y from among us. He was one of those rare genial men to whom it was always a pleasure to make his large stores of accurate information available to others. His two folio volume Heraldrn so y are monument n industrya f o s , taste learningd an , , which had he been spared would assuredly have yielded further valuable fruit. Fig. 9. Communion Cup, Perth. 8 40 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , JUNE U, 1886.

not later than 1632. These Perth cups and the two Skye ones form an absolutely distinct group among the communion cups of Scotland, where ther s nothini e e gleas th els tn i elik ethe. m ; though standing cups generall d coversyha , their open spire-like cover y havma se been sug- gestee tabernaclth y db e work f somso e ciborium. Historicall e mosyth t interesting piec f churce o e us n hi platw no e n Scotlani e Pertth s hi d cup, know s Queea n n Mary' p (figcu s . 9), tradition saying it was a gift by her to a church in the Fair City, and that in the riots which sprang from John Knox's preaching in St John's on llth May 1559, it was picked up either in that church or in the street by an old woman, who concealed it in her father's grave as a place of safety. If so, it was no gift from Queen Mary, who was still in France at that time, but it might possibly have been given by Mary of Guise. Tradition farther attributes its workmanship to the hands of Benvenuto Cellini d say t an ,i cames into Queen Mary's possessioy b n gift from the Pope. It is pretty certain, however, that it was made in Nuremberg, as held by Mr Cripps (from 1560 to 1570?). The bowl o Haln s l ha mark, whil s cove e it Dundea tha s f ha ro t e silversmitf ho 1637—whether the maker of the cover, or only the repairer on the disinterment of the cup, it is difficult to say. There are many standing cups which hav generaea l resemblanc thio et s e pureloneth s a ,y Eng- lish Parker cup, of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (Cripps, O.E.P., 3rd ed., p. 252), and the Parr cup, belonging to the "Misterie and Compan Broderers,e th f yo " London, which las t resemblei t s stronglyn O . Brodererse th Halthero p n knows cu 's i lei markt i o havt t n bu , e been presente Crippr Nurember e M sais b i 1606n dy i o dt sb t I . g work. While e printersthith sn i pape s ' handwa r r Cripp M sgoos wa sd enoug a photograpo sent he m d a Nurember f o h p exhibitecu g t a d South Kensington by Baron L. de Eothschild, with the date 1568 assigne t (Noi o dt . 615 f Catalogu0o Loae th nf eo Collectio f 1862)no . Of these cups this resemble forPertn e i sth me h on bot f o bowf ho d an l cove mose th r t closelys terminalit d d an arabesque, an s similao s e sar r that one must have suggested the other or both are by the same hande embosseTh e . th e de ar Perte flower baseth p th f cu ho n , o s sam thoss a e anothen eo r Germa t Souta p hncu Kensington. NOTIC F COMMUNIOO E N CUPS FKOM DUIKINISH, 9 SKYE40 .

There is a still more delicately-wrought cup in the South Kensington collection (No. 1606). It is of bronze ; the projecting heads are similar to those of the Perth cup, and the connecting half-grotesque, half- architectural ornaments (fig. 10) are also of the same .general char- Soute s th saiacteri n t dhi I Kensingto. n w.ore cataloguth f ke o b o t e e engraveth r Virgi s bor ln wa 1514i nSolis o d die wh 1562n an ,i d . t .iI s therefor t impossiblno e e thae bode th tb .thf yo y e ma Pert p cu h actually his-work d f morindeei , di ee h dtha n supply design s; anyho w this bronze eup may be considered the prototype of. the Perth cup and that of the Broderers. All these, except the Perth one, are surmounted

Fig. Grotesqu10 . e Ornament Pertf so h Cup. by t figuresi possibl d d originallan , ha y a ylik e termination. None e otheroth f f thiso s group were mad churcr efo h purposes therd an , s ei nothing in the design of the Perth one, with its delicate grotesques and satyrs, suggestive of any such original destination.. 'It is very different fro mchalica e with Cherub a Veronic d an s a hea f Christdo , publishe "n di Drinkin Goldsmiths,f go e Cupsus e , th &c. Virgir y "b fo , l Solis. I have been kindly favoured by the Rev. W. Stevenson with extracts from the minutes of the kirk-session of the Middle Kirk, Perth ;J from The following entries are found in minutes of kirk-session in the year 1587:— 1 " The order to be observit at the table :— convoo e "tabils—Jhon T th e wyn th yo t e e Forbes, James Macgregor, Deakyns. cuipis—Jame e filo "th T l s Syme, John Henrie, Lawrence Wilson, Alexr. Gaule, Deakyns. . o convo "T e cuipis—Jhonth y e Anderson . MathewPk , , Duncan Wilson, Duncan M'Gregor, Elderis. 410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JUNE 14, 1886-

which it appears that in'1587 they were already in possession of communion cups. These coul t havdno e bee nEdmonde thosth f o e s type (figs11)d , 8s 7 theian ,.a , r date letters show that they were madn i e 1610—11—12 t thes o beinBu tw e. g silver overgilt witd an ,h covers, answer the description in the minutes of 1632. In 1640, when they were alread possession yi f thes no cupso etw , unifor stylemn i bot d an ,h marked for the " Kirk of Pearthe," the kirk-session got money to buy "the cup." That may have been the one marked for the kirk of " Pearth," the so-called Queen Mary cup. t seemI s much more likely that suc ha treasure f eithei , r stoler no picked up in the course of a commotion, or on the breaking up of some greae oth f t housee noblemeth f so n that came o griet thesn i f e times, should, after a time, be disposed of to a goldsmith than be brought direct to the kirk-session. The Hall mark of Dundee of 1637 is not incon- sistent wit beins hit g "th "p boughecu 1640n i t . This theor histore e acquisitioth th f yf o y o e so-calle th f no d Queen Mary cup leaves the tradition standing valeat quantum. The Nurem- berg cup (fig. 11) is probably that referred to as "ane cup" in the minutes of 1643. Passing now; from these cups, none of' which are of native manu- "21 .Jfo?/1632.—The two silver over-gilt goblets with gold, with their covers basino antw d s pertainin t e sessionwithipu th o ge t n ar , their charter-kistn i , the Revestry there to be keeped. . " In 1639. " Carieris of the oowpes—Johne Merser, George Bissit, Elders. " Filleris of the cowpes—Thomas Wilsone, James Kynaird, Patrick Eobertson, Patrick Grant. "Mr John Murrie of Cowden promised to,pay the session ,£100 Scots if they would allow Lady Stowmon buriee b o t td besid r motherehe , Lady Balmainsn i , Ease th t Kirke Noo thad th f an k,o t employee thib e buyinso th t sille r s dfo g rwa e communoneth f o e us e . th cue r opan ffo "27 April 1640.—Delivered by Mr John Robertson to William Eeoch, Master of Hospital, twenty poundscommunioe th y helo ,t bu o pt n cup. " St John's Middle Church Communion Cups.—Upon the third day of Februar 1643, being about four hours in the morning, Isobel Wintoun, relict of umquhil John Criehto f Kinvedo n , departed thi sd walifean s ,e Kirburieth f o k n i d Perth, unde e scholarth r s seat next Auldie's burial f Februa. o 8 Upo e rth n pai d therefore one hundred pounds, whilk is ordained by the Council and Seasiou to buy ane cup to the communion." NOTICE OF COMMUNION CUPS FROM DUIKINISH, SKYE. 411 facture d non an ,f whiceo h date from befor e Reformationth e y ma e w , turn to our old cathedral towns. There, if anywhere, we might expect

Fig. 11. Communion Cup, Perth, o finchalicet d dol s survive f thei r yo ; were either destroye fanaticy db s 412 PROCEEDINGS E SOCIETY,TH , OF , , JUNE..14,,1886.

or carried off. by .plunderers, we might hope 'that • some trace of the old spiri . art,:or.in t a mere love of reproducing..lost treasures,, might; have led to the adoption of ancient forms. What does a search in those old cities disclose ? Not a single chalice has anywhere escaped. Beginning at the north, the noble and venerable pile of St Magnus, which dominates the Orcadian capital, still complete from end to end' e mosth formin f t o strikin e gon f buildinggo s sizeit f ,so possesseo tw s seventeenth century cups—one (fig. 12) of 1617-18-19, the other (fig. 13 f 1688o ) .

Figs. 12, 13. Kirkwall.

t DornochA e diocesth , f Caithneseo shon sca w nothing earlier thae nth eighteenth century. _ ... The beauty of the remains of the Cathedral of Eoss makes one doubly ashamed of the' barbarity and vandalism which, within the last century, NOTICE QF COMMUNION CUPS FROM DUIEINISH, SKYE. 413 induce peoplee dth , exciteanti-popisn a y db he sermonth t firo t se e o t , carve k stalldoa s whic d surviveha h e troubles de Reformationth th f o , . The conflagration consumed them, and destroyed the church also. The cathedral of Queen Mary's faithful friend, Bishop Lesly, deserved a better fate. Ther belongw no e Chanonro st y onl largya e massivp ecu (fig. 14) Countesa gife f th ,o t f Seaforthso , representin highese gth t taste of the period (1685). Little can be said for its grace or form.

Fig. Chanonry14 . . Elgin, always charmin gracs decaye it th nothins f eo n gi ha , shoo gt w earlier than 1681, of which date it has two small examples of the cup of the type known as the " beaker," the gift of a worthy bailie of the nam Alexandef eo r Russell (fig. 15). This simple beaker shape, without stem or stalk of any kind (of which the Ellon Cup, fig. 16, is an elegant 'example), seems to have been quite the favourite type north of the Tay throughou e seventeentth t h century. Elgi alss nha o cup f 1711so . At Aberdeen, neither the Cathedral of St Machar, nor the University •Chapel, nor the Old Kirk of St Nicholas, has any ancient plate to show. 414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JUNE .14, 1886.

The cathedral plate and many of its other treasures were sent to Strath- bogi safr efo e custodyEare t whath l d Bu Murradi t. wito yd plate hth e after the Earl of Huntly fell at Corrichie 1. There had been delivered to Huntly " 5 chalices for dayly use." " Item, a chalice of pure gold, with the pattin thereof, 3 pointed diamonds in the foot thereof, and 2 rubies of B. Dunbar's gift, of 52 ounce." "Item, a great eucharist double our- gilt poun4 1 , ounced2 , artificially wrought." The University Chapel, besides "Una monstrantia argentea incredbili arte confecta, deaurata, d eighha " t chalices; amongst others, " calix

.ffie-jtrufr-of yoa-ancf com jpQus.jantr /o^,s

Fig. Elgin15 . . Fig. Ellon16 . . magnus argenteus deauratus cum patena et cocleari,~ponderis quadraginta duarum unciarum ". (Fasti Aberdonen, p. t 560)NicholaS d d an ; ha s " the eucharist of 4 pounds 2 ounce of silver, a chalice of ' Our Lady of Pitie, ounces4 ' othe9 d r,an chalices—on f theseeo t ,Nicholas thaS f o t , 39J ounces;—which were delivere o partiet d s name y commanb d f o d the Provost and haill Couneell, under an obligation to restore to the Provos CouncelLd an t " t NicholaS s canno show no wt eve e cupth n s gifte Pauy b d l Inglis (1629) r theno , city's gif 164n i t theif 2o r " Bonaccord silver cup, double NOTICE OF COMMUNION CUPS FROM DUIRINISH, SKYE. 415

over-gilt, e saith do "t burgh exchangie b , "o t wther fo t r coupes according to the woicht quhilk it weyis."1, The Cathedral has now only a set of four large beakers, about the sam e Ello e(figth p siz s cu na .e 16) thred an ,f the eo m decorated with leaf patterns; whil remarkable fourte th e th s hha e engravin , whicit n go h is here represented in fig. 17. The date is unknown, but it is probably late seventeenth century Dantzic work. It is difficult to imagine that, when this engraving was put on the

Fig. 17. St Machar, Aberdeen,

cup it was intended for a sacred use. It is more natural to suppose that it was originally a domestic cup, and that it may have been used for celebratioe th sacramene th f no privaten i t beed an ,n considered thereby dedicated to the use which it has since served. Brechin furnishe seventeento tw s h century cup f distincso t character, the earliest of which is shown in fig. 18. The cathedral was remarkabl es roun it onl r ydfo tower s recordIt . s see havmo t e been preserved with great care, and have been published by the Bannatyne Club, but 1 Extracts from Burgh Record Aberdeenf so , 28324 . . pp , 416 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , JUN , 188614 E .

-they do not contain any inventory. The inscription on the cups' is un- usual—

CELEBRANDAD A M SACBAM SVNAXIN EcCLESlJE BEECHINEKSIS. Fig. 18. Brechin.

Dunkeld come thasn i next td quiean , t church, surrounde nobley db s and rich commoners, where old church plate might be expected to have escaped from plunder, I have been unable to hear of any. t AndrewsS Ao t s , there wil Proceedingse foune b lth n di (1882-83, p. 142) a paper on two cups, described as chalices, anterior to the Beformation I canno t bu ; t learn- that eithe s eveha rr been a use s a d communio I nthin d cupkan , they probably never were intendee b o dt so used e inscriptioth ; f textno s of'Scriptur sigo n ns ei that they were. The wooden one, with the silver rim, may be much 'older than the date shown by the Hall mark on it, and is probably a mazer bowl of the usual form, showrecordd ol y nhavb o st e been very commo Scotlandn ni , as well as England, in great halls and private houses. I do not mean to NOTICE OF COMMUNION CUPS FKOM DUIEINISH, SKYE. 417

say that communion cups might not have been of wood. As long ago as the Council of Tribur, St Boniface said that in ancient days the chalices were of wood and bishops of gold—a saying often since repeated with modifications. As we cannot boast of chalices of gold, we must hope tha modern i t n times, whil wooe s giveth e ha d n plac silvero t e , those who officiate may be still of sterling- metal. The second of tie cups is s date-lettea it tazza d an , e nearlrb showo t ycentura t i s y later than was supposed by Mr Sanderson.

Fig. 19. St Andrews. e Paristh n i h Churce us handsome e n chalicei ar h Th w - no sex e amplee largesth f so t middle e seventeentd sizth forth an ef mf o eo h century (fig. 19), 1671. Churcd ol e TLismoref hoo th , onc Cathedrae eth Islese th f I hav, o l e been unabl plated ol traco et y . ean VOL. XX. 2 D 418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JUNE 14, 1886.

Dunblane has cups of great severity (fig. 20) of the same style, but dating only from 1702, Strang o sayt e , Glasgow has. nothin t verbu g y commonplace cups of f 1704whico s impossibli e s i showht on ,I t n fig i n. bu e.21 that the cathedral must have been rich in plate, hut I have not seen any inventory. The. see of Galloway is as rich as the rest of the west coast in holy places e historth , f whico y h owes e labourr mucth Si o t f ho s

Fig. 20. Dunblane. Fig. 21. Glasgow. Herbert Eustace Maxwele antiquarieth d e west an th t lWhit f bu s;o - plated hor shon ol nca o w .n e comW t ebishopria Gilese S sea f th las o o tt t t, no whic cs wa h befor e Reformationth e ; e Higbutth s h,a Churc Metropolise th f ho t i , and its altars occupied a large space in the public eye. The altars were numerous, and at some of these, to make their obligation more binding, debtors often became bound to pay their bonds. NOTICE OF COMMUNION CUPS FEOM DUIRINISH, SKYE. 419

When there were so many altars there must necessarily have been profusio knoe f w plateno w d an ,onl welo yto l what becam f someo f eo it. Much was not to be expected of the magistrates whose records bear under date 24th June 1562— proveste "Th , baillies counsald an , e ordani idole sth e Saint Geyle b o t l cuttit furth of the townys standert, and the thrissill put in place thairof." They had before that placed in the custody of various citizens, " The

Fig. Linlithgow22 . . Eucharist," " The Eound Eucharist/' " The Mekill Cross with the fute"— and several other crosses—and bell s; als challice o "An e wit patee hth n andspyne," weighing thirty-two ounce d one-halfan s ; also three other chalices, each weighing upwards of twenty ounces; and thereafter a resolution was passed on 1st August 1560, that all these "be with all deligence saul cunyet,r do "d expende"an commoe th n do n warks,"d "an in special upon the reparation and decoring of the kirk." "We have not space to show what was meant by " decoring of the 420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JUNE 14, 1886. kirk;"—shortly, a large part of it, what space remained after providing churcha s convertewa , o purelt d y secular uses—for place f busineso s s of various kinds. The cups of St Giles, 1643, are of the same general character as those of St Andrews (fig. 19), and of most of the city parishes of Edinburgh f Linlithgowels o a , s a l w (fig. 22), Dunfermline (fig. 2 8), and others in the neighbourhood. e melancholSucth s hi y resul cathedrar f inquirieo tou l al ln si sites ;

MINISTER- I 6 3 3 " * 4" FOR • THE

. FintraFig23 . y (1633). Fig. 24. Beitb (1631). and elsewhere throughout the length and breadth of the land, not a cup has been show r pointeno t whicdou h seem dato t s e fro mperioa d prior to the Reformation. Nay, there is hardly one which is not stamped so as to demonstrate that it was made long subsequent to that date. It may even be doubted whether there be more than one, the material of which is capable of being traced back to pre-Reformation times. That one is known as St Medan's Cup (fig. 23), in the parish of Fintray in Aber- NOTIC F COMMUNIOEO N CUPS FROM DUIKINISH, 1 SKYE42 .

deenshire, which bears a close resemblance to the cup shown beside it (fig. 24) from Beith, Ayrshire. My attention was first called to the Fintray Cup as having itself belonged to St Medan, and having been regarded with special veneration, and carried round the parish in procession in bad seasons. This theory, however, is displaced by a hardly less interestin givee gon voln ni Statisticale . th xii f .o Account f Scot-o s theri land. t I ee descriptio th said n e parisi ,th f f Fintrayo ho n , Aberdeenshire, 1845:—"The minister has in his possession a silver cup belonging to the parish, bearing date 1633, which tradition says was formed from a -silver head of St Meddan, the tutelar saint of the parish,1 whichdaye th Popisf so n i , h superstition carriewons e b wa ,o t t d about the parish in procession for the purpose of bringing down rain, or clearin weathere th p gu circumstances a , s might require." This St Medan is no doubt the saint mentioned in Bishop Forbes's Kalendar of Scottish Saints, p. 344, whose fame lurks in various names in differen t e countrypartth f so ; e.g., "Inglismaldie Ecclesmedanr "fo n I . Forfarshire "Madie's bell sucd "ha h repute tha righpossessios e it tth o t n was worth being disposed by solemn deed as a source of revenue, yet it wapresene iroth d s ol n soln i s ta d century authorite datTh e th . er yfo above assigned to the cup has been the inscription upon it—" For the Holie commvnion at Fintray, Mr Adam Barclay minister, 1633." The letters and stamp on it do not correspond, so far as we have been able to observe, wit e marking othehy th an r n Scottiso s h plate t thera bu , s ei fleur-de-lis engraved upon it, which occurs on the cup of the South- West Paris f Edinburgho h , which also bear e datth s e 1633. This cup resembles in shape the tazza, of which Dr Guild's gift to St Andrew a goo s si d secular example, whil e chaliceth e f Beithso , 1631 (fig. 24), Soutra (fig. 25) Fald Culted an ,a an ecclesiastica e ar r l varieties. precisthe difficulis fix e It oldedateto the t r sof Scottis h cupsfor , till 1681 there was no date-letter enforced in Scotland, and the deacons' marks only suppl yranga e within whicmusp cu tha have been made. e deaconTh s seldom held offic morr fo e e thayearo ntw s continuously; but they often returned to office after an interval of several years. I.L., 1 This is a mistake, St Giles was the tutelary saint. See Forhes's Kalendar of Scottish Saints. 422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JUNE 14, 1886.

Johnne Lyndsay, was deacon in 1617 and 1618; while George Craw- furd was appointed in 1615 and 1616, in 1621 and 1622, and again in 1633 and 1634. Thus James Davidson was appointed deacon in 1813 and 1814, again in 1819 and 1820, again in 1831 and 1832. Some- times, however inscription a , a minut r o n f kirk-sessioo e n conies into pla o solvt t unfrequentlye doubtno th e d an , y als recoro ot d thae th t cups on which the date occurs, or to which the minute refers, were got to replace older ones, disposed of to furnish the new. Thus we know that in many parishes there -were cups in use after the Refor- mation which have perished; but whether these were chalices which had been in use under the Eomish ritual, we have no means of judging. No chalice made in Scotland, now in use, is ascertained to have existed earlier than 1618, when those of Fyvie, Aberdeenshire, were made and presented. The cup is the same shape as that of Carstairs— the stem is longer. interestins i t I observo gt e that the yfirse wer th e t gif f Earth o et l of Dunf ermline, the great Alexander Seton, one of the most cultivated as also one of the most prosperous men of his day, on whom Court favour was lavishedo amonwh d g an othe, r offices held adornean d d thosf eo President of the Court of Session and of Chancellor. He died in 1622, having used his power " with great moderation to the contentment of l honesal t men,"1

1 His first piece of luck was having Queen Mary for godmother, and she showed her appreciation of her responsibility by bestowing on him as a "godbairn's gift," whefea wt yearnbu s old priore ,th Pluscardinf yo commendam,n ei thid seeme an sh s to have retained till his death. What makes the Fyvie cups of special interest is the fact tha wene h t Eomeducateo e t b o epriestsait s a i havs o dd a t an e, taken holy orders abroad, and to have celebrated mass even after he returned to Scotland. Scotstarvit, in his " Staggeriny State," says that the chalice which he used on this occasio sols Edinburghn ndi wa suspectes wa e H Komanismf do . t latterlye , y seems no havo t publies showhi n i c t nconducti . Indee e mostoe fth on d striking scenes s demeanouhi s s lifohi ewa f o Kint r g Jame defencn si f Bruceo e Presbyteriaa , n clergyman. In a case against Bruce, when the Crown was interested, the king entered the Court, and ordered a judgment to be pronounced in his own favour; whereupon Seton rose, and professing his loyalty, said, nevertheless, that the king having made him head of that Court, he must either give judgment according to his oat resignr hbrethreo s Hi . n followe courageous dhi s example kine th g d lefe an ,th t Court in a fury, but seems, however, not to have retained any feeling of resentment. NOTIC F COMMUNIOO E N CUPS FROM DUIRINISH, 3 SKYE42 .

But the Fyvie type was not the only one approved by Seton, for he e soutd landth s ha wella n hd Inveresi s an ; k share s liberalityhi d , receiving a cup of the entirely different shape, so common in Edin- burgh and its neigbourhood; possibly as old as the. Fyvie chalice, the deacons' mark being apparently the monogram of James Davidson, who was deaco n 1819i n t als,bu o earlier modificatioA . e forth mf o n adopted at Fyvie and Carstairs will be observed in the older Kirkwall cud elsewherepan .

Fig. 25. Soutra. Fig. Carstair26 . s (1617-18). There is a later group of cups with nearly perpendicular sides seen in latee th r Kirkwall cup. Ther othere ear s which hav beet eno n engraved, as Longformacus .(1674) and Brechin, and the cup of the French Protestant Churc n Edinburghhi n advenow ,s -it whic d ha h s lasha t tures. It passed first to the " New Church," and after being sold, has fortunately been secured by a member of the congregation of Trinity College Church, and added to its treasures. Next in ascertained date to the Fyvio chalice, and almost simul- taneousl yInvereskd witan t hi , cam chalicee t eth Cuthbert's S f o s e th , accoun whicf o t hI quot e from Sime's History t Cuthbert's,S f o page 50:— 424 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JUNE 14, 1886.

" In January 1618, it was proposed to have new cups and plates for the communion service. ' The Session,' say the minutes, ' thooht it maist meit that thai fouie b r r coup f silveso tabille o servt rth a t ea tw , bassing f coiso n barrones e wite laverth an hd an ; , gentilmen, heritors, and fouiy fewarpa r o hundredtt s h towe marksth f Edinburghno d an , , hundredto tw y pa suburbs ho t . marks,&c , defrao t ' l expensesal y n I . the year following these cups were produced before the session, each weighing 18 oz. 12 drams. They were then of a very peculiar shape, the stalk being 6 inches in height, gilt, and beautifully chased; but the cup

R "WEFO , KIR F WEWBAO K '

Fig. 27. Newbattle (1646). itself, whic s fluted s onlwa h wa ,y abou 2 inchet s deed abouan p4 2 t inches in circumference, not unlike a small soup plate affixed to the stalk ocandlesticka f bottoe th s engraven mO wa . e followindth g sentence: ' I will tak the covp of salvatione, and call vpon the name of the Lord, 11 6thesp Psalmcu e e wordsth , f 1619,o ,aroun d m 'Fori an e ' e th rd th Vast Kirk ovtvith Edinbvrghe.' New cups of a modern form were placed on the original stalks only a few years ago." l 1 The result is that the only part preserved of two of the oldest chalices made aftee Reformatioth r s theii n r stems whicn bowlo ,w e e placedth ne har s n I . NOTICE OF COMMUNION CUPS FROM DUIRINISH, SKYE. 425

cupe Th s which, most nearly correspond with this quaint description and wit e measurementhth se fou giveth re nbelonginar e paristh o t gh of Newbattle (fig. 27), which deriv a especia l interest froe facmth t that they wer l obtaineal e d whe e saintlth n y George Leighton, afterwards principal of the University of Edinburgh, Bishop of Dunblane, d Archbishoan f Glasgowo p s incumbenwa , f thao t to t parish p U . his time there had been no communion plate in the parish, or rather

/ \

. Dunfermlin28 g Fi e (1628).

the rich plate which must have belonged to the great abbey had been either stole r melteo n d down r seno , t abroa r safetye kirkfo d Th -. session records bear tha n 164i t e 6o cups wern th d then d an ,i e y ha habi f borrowino t g fro neighbourine mth g paris f Dalkeitho he th f I .

Tron Parish, likewise e oldeth , r fors made consideree m wa o yiel f t on o o e dt b o dt greater convenience n somI . e case certaisa o t d nmetad le reverencol s e ha l th r fo e its absorption in the cup, as in the ease of St Medan; but in some the cups were actually sold, and in the history of some parishes the substituted cups have in turn been sold in order to make room for still more convenient substitutes. See note, p. 432. . PROCEEDING 6 42 E SOCIETYTH F O S , JUN , 188614 E .

practice amounted to a habit, Dalkeith must have possessed older cups than those exhibited, which only date from 1645. Three of the New- battle cups wer e giff individualth o et s e namesessioth n i dn records, e fourt th s acquired mentioo t therwa w hn bu ho s i e f ,o n perhapt i s was the gift of Leighton himself—and so he did not record the fact. One of them (fig. 27) has been engraved, as suggesting the original form t Cuthbert'S e f 1619o oth f p cu s, althoug t e latteflutedth no h s ra , is said to have been. The open-mouthed type was developed into

Fig. 29. Currie Cup (1657).

various beautiful forms, and remained in favour for a century. The earliest example engraved of the newer form is the Dunfermline cup (fig. 28), dated 162 latese 8 th ; t tha Corstorphinf o t e (fig. 30), 1719. Noteworthy cup f thio s s styl those ear e belonging to— 1. The Trinity College Church, Edinburgh (fig. 31), 1693. 2. The Old Greyfriars or South-West Parish, with the Old Southport represented in the bottom of the cup (fig. 60) 1633. 3. St Giles', 1643. 4. Canongate cupso tw , , bot f datho e 1643. A second pai f cupo r s belongin e Canongatth o gt e (fig. 32), wita h bowl of this shape, but hammered into a pine-apple pattern, and set . Trinit32 Figs , 31 .y College Church, Canongate. 428 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , JUN , 188614 E .

upon a stem similar to the base of the Bracadale-Duirimsh and Perth cups, is remarkable as combining the favourite form with new details. 5. Currie (fig. 29). d 7. an Haddingto 6 n (1645 d Duddingstoan ) n 1683), with their hexagonal base, are two of the most beautiful examples, and in both, as in St Giles' cups and some others, the bowl unscrews from the stem. A totally distinct form of cup, of which there are many examples,

. FigCorstorphine30 . . makes its appearance in 1643 at Torres. It is of the class known as beakers, already alluded to at Elgin and Aberdeen. It occurs 1652, at Dundee; 1659, at Leochel-Cushnie; 1666, at Ellon; 1667, at St Vigean's (fig. 33); 1676, Arbroath (fig. 34); 1681, at Elgin; 1697, at Eintray, Aberdeenshire. Birni d Monymuskan e , 1691-1712, bring the form well down into the eighteenth century. One of the Monymusk s cuppresente e wa lassth t y survivinb d g Episcopalian NOTIC F COMMUNIOO E N CUPS FKOM DUIEINISH, 9 SKYE42 .

parish ministe n Scotlandi r onle Th y .exampl a beake f o e I rhav e fallen in with south of the Tay is at Biggar, and bears date 1650. Most of them have Hall marks showing them to be Scotch; but the beautifully flowered cup of Ellon bears what I gather to be the Amsterdam mark, and the Fintray beaker cup has a similar engraving; so also have thre f thoseo e oft MacharS . s Cathedral, whil e fourtheth , the engraving on which has been previously given (fig. 17), has the mark of Dantzig. The cups in the neighbouring parish of Lunan were given in 1709 r AlexandebyM r Peddie e ministerth , stipulateo wh , d thaEpiscoy an t -

Kg. 33. St Vigean's (1667). Fig. 34. Arbroath (1676).

palian congregation within 7 miles of Lunan should, on application, f themo e .us hav e eth e cannoW t leave this clas f cupo s s without referrin e uniquth o t ge horn cups (fig. 35) belonging to the parish of Premnay, and known to hav dowee bee us o 1728 t nn i . They were probably silver mounted, though these mountings did not remain when the present incumbent was appointed, nor even in the time of his predecessor. Orkney and Shetland furnish some plate of special character. The cups of St Magnus have been referred to above. Those of Aithsting ) sho(fig36 wpeculia.a r form, wit hHala l mark suppose Scandie b do t - 430 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , JUN , 188614 E .

navian. The Hall mark and form are similar to one at Lerwick of 1723 r Lad. ou Tha yf o t Kir n i Sandaka f o y s i (fig ) 37 . different type—a tseemp leasli s o havt sit t e been tampered with—the upper edge doubled dow o strengthet n unfortunateld an , nit e Halyth l mark obliterated, so that its date cannot be exactly known e mainlanTh .p whiccu d h comes nearest in form to that of Aithsting is Panbride n Forfarshiri , e (fig. 38) s datIt . e e gathereb hao t s d froe inscriptionth m — " Given by George Ear Panmurf o l Jeand ean e Campbel Counte f Panmuro s e churcth o et f h o Panbrid." George, second Earl of Panmure, who married Lady Jean Campbell, second daughter of the Earl of Loudon, succeeded to earldoe th m1661n i died ,1671n an di thao s , t . igremnay. . ^e ,jaj-e of ^ne CUp js between these yearst I . appears fro mlettea r recently published Eeve by th r Youn D . Monif go - fieth, tha latea t r Ear f Panmuro l lesa d s creditableha e connection with church plate in his parish. The plate was not older than 1645, and had been gifted by a parishioner, Jean Ouchterlony, Lady Grange. In the present century William, Earl Panmure, expressed a strong desire to get possessio f thesno e cups, whic reportee har r YounD o dparishionert y gb s who have seen them to have been of the large flat shape so common in and about Edinburgh. His overtures to the parish minister, the Eev. , JohnstoneW thiy ,b swert reply—me e givtheso u "T eyo e cups would be like allowin e vessele Lord'th gth f o ss Hous graco t e e Belshazzar's feast." A successor of Mr Johnstone, however, was less scrupulous, and accepted modern cups instead of them. The cups are not now in the possession of the Panmure family, and are said to have been presented greaa s ttowa collectorH.E.Hy da Duke s th .hi .Sussexf n eo i o wh , inscriptione Th e sessio cupn th so r so n records often show that Orca- dian parishes, like those of the mainland, had silver cups of early date, which have been melted down used makinan n ,i d onew f modergne so n type. Thu inscriptioe sth e cup th f Bressa so n no Shetlann i y ) (fig39 . d bears— Fig. Aithsting36 . . Fig . Lad37 . y Kirk, Sanclay. Fig. Pantride38 . . 432 PROCEEDING SE SOCIETY OTH F , JUNE U, 1886v

"Fo re Kirkth f Bresso s d Burran a a Mr Wm Umphray minister 1628." " Changed into Sterling moned yan into another form at Edinburgh 1728 by M J. D. minister," .A&-/«8%-1& '%£&$. yDjffuufler/faiiqii) ua&Mat e subjoineTh d extracts froe th m d (c,

1 August 21,1738.—"O motioa same ny madth s ememberda e somny wa eth b f eo s that a pair of Communion Cups should be procured for the use of these united monee parocheth f o y t collectesou t Sacramentaa d l occasions n regari , d there were none in this ministry othey an r funno , d from whenc purchaso et e them, save only greao n f o t valup oncu e e belongin e Islanth f Papao e Sessiogt o d Th . n having heard the above motion judged y same very reasonable, considering that the e collections at last Sacrament had been so liberal that the poor of the parioch might be supplied out of the surplus of what was now in the box, and that the session could borrowef o e t us hav e no de th Communio n Cups without payin samee gcrowa th r .nfo Y fo fivrf o the e appoind m poundydi su e th ts sterling, together wit Communioe hth n r purchasine th r Cu largo Communiofo Papaw f laipe tw t o b ene f dg ou o o t , n Cups, markee b on o et d Communio Wallr e othefo Fouldd th p an sd r nCu Communioan , n Cup for Sandness and Papastour; and they recommended to the Modr to write to some of his correspondents to cause to make the said cups, the session being hereby Ingage refuno dt e abov im nth hi de valuee ModTh .' having hear e sessiondth s recommendation, no1 t only promised to obey the same, but also to take the outward risque of the money upon himself, the session taking the homeward risque of the Cups." Papastour, March , 17395 . — "Th sessioe eth saiy ndda considering that ina ful l meeting of session at Walls, it was resolved that the Communion Cup of this island should be sent south for a help to ye making up of two Communion Cups to this ministry, did, therefore, after having weighte saie dth d Communion Cup, which they NOTIC COMMUNIOF O E N CUPS FROM' DUIEINISH, 3 SKYE43 .

One of these cups is believed to have been sold or melted down in 1856, -when the cups at present used were procured. The other, which was fortunatel escapeo y s timea losd r e crucible—ifo an tth ,d s believed to have been found, and to be still in use in the parish of Walls. The cup of Tingwall here figured (fig. 40) is of date 1737. t beeno ns thoughha t I t necessar engravo e seventeentt y th l al e h century cups, but examples of all the more distinctive forms are given. The Fyvie cup was, no doubt, an adaptation under Lord Dunfermline's directio lase th t f forno f chalicbeforme o us Reformatione n eth ei e Th . Carstairs, Durisdeer, Middlobie, and Balmaghie cups are of one type, and l bea deacon'e al th r s letters I.L Johr fo . n Lindsay. rounderA , less conicaf Carsphairo p cu l n resembles these pre-Refor- mation chalices, but resembles still more closely some of the known English ones. This form is seen in the older Kirkwall cup, and those at Dalgarno, Closeburn Glencairnd an , f whico l ,al h hav deacon'e eth s letter followes wa t i I.L.dd latean , t Brechia r elsewhered nan . largee Th , wide-mouthed bowl f Edinburgso s neighbourhooit d han d t Andrewe S greae copie th b d y f tan o s chalicema s s e noteth n i d inventories as distinguished from the smaller, or may be adaptations of domestic bowls like mazers. They are, man f themo y e s larga th , s ea

elevee founb o t dn ounces, Dutch money Delived di , Mode same th rth o ret , recom- delive o somt o t e saim mendinp eth rhi dprope cn o t t gi e r hanth t orden i dge o t r sam ee bes solth to dt advantage obtaio t d nan , receip t i fro e persor mth fo t y nb whom he sends it, to which the Mod1' agreed." InMarchVIV).—"The said day, the Modr reported that he had sent south the Communio f Papo Johy p b a nCu n Scot Melbyf o t , confor e appointmenth o mt f o t last meeting of session at Papa, but that said John Scott happened not to receive that cup till he was just about to sail, and therfor had not time to Leave a receipt t thabu t fo , returneyit rw e sai no Scotr s dM dwa t home himself would an ,doub o dn t Satisfy him anent said cup as soon as he should have access to discourse him there- anent. The session having heard the above report desires the Modr may apply to the said Mr Scott for a receipt for said cup as soon as with conveniency he can, and when obtained to Deliver the same to ye treasurer of Papa." On February 11, 1741.—"The said day the session paid the Mod1' the sum of £60 Scotch for the two Communion Cups they Imployed him to Purchase for this Ministry, which cups being provide d sightee sessiodan th y b dn were foune b o dt made accordin theio gt r direction they b md deliverean ,Buchan s Mr o t d , spouso t e the Modr, to be kept by her till they be called for." VOL. XX, 2 E 4 43 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , JUN , 188614 E .

Ardagh chalice. Apparently in all countries domestic and church cups are found at the. same date of similar forms; large cups were required on practicd returninol e givinf th eo e laityo gwine t th g th o et . On a survey of the. whole seventeenth century, it is difficult to detect any predominating influence countrn I . y parishe finRomise e sw th d h chalice adapted to the severe simplicity of Protestant worship and taste, larged an r cups forme r morfo d e populous parishes- . One thing is plain, English usage did little to suggest the ordinary r Scotcformou f ho s communion cups. "Wha s i knowt s Queea n n Elizabeth's Cup had spread through the length and breadth of England, and still singla survives t no e bee s t Scotcha bu n, p founhcu f thao d t type during the seventeenth century. Two English cups of pretty early date have been engraved,—Banchory (fig. 41), of 1625, a graceful form t e beeCurriwhicth no nf s o eh followedha e cupon sd f an (figo , ) .42 the date 1642. The older English form, appearing in Skye and at Perth neves ha , r been repeated. e mosTh t different forms appear unde e samth r e date reappead ,an r at different dates. In fact, if I have been correctly informed, that the Culter cups are of the tazza type, and bear the letters I. L., then, r threwithio o e ntw year foue sth r leading forms wer l adoptedeal . Some parishes furnish us with the changes of taste within their own experience. Thus we have in Dalmellington three cups (figs. 43, 44, f quito ) e 45 different shapes f whicf 1650o o e o firse d th ,har tw t an , the last of 1752, two years beyond the period to which our inquiries were limited; but it shows the useful, large, not beautiful shape which became so common in the eighteenth century. There are very few similar examples in the seventeenth century, though one is found at Forgan (fig. 46), exactly a hundred years earlier than the latest Dalmellington one, and t anotheCraia e gon rn (fig1682i ) t bot.47 bu f ;these o h , though open-mouthed, have more beauty of form, and the same may be said of e Wemys f th 167o p 3cu s (fig. 48)f thoso e .e on Thiparishe s i s s which posses se Edinburg alse th wid oth f o e p flacu ht type. Peebles (fig. 49) 1684n i , Irongrayd an , 1708n ,i , though with 1694 date th f ,e o the minister's ordination, engraved on it, show a further advance towards the eighteenth century cups. Fig. Tingwall40 . . Fig . Banchor41 . y (1625). Fig . Curri42 . e (1642). . Dalmellingto45 , 44 Figs , 43 . n (1650-1752). Fig. 46. Forgan (1652). Fig. 47. Craig (1682). Fig. 48. Wemyss (1673). VAROCH OTIRENCIW SBE.KJ&94

. PeebleFig49 . s (1684). Fig . Irongra.50 y (1694). Fig . Dumfrie.51 Clackmannad san n (1711, 1719). / ' e7 \SALTPRESTO1 THE PASlffjI OF WLCIRTH HE IS NOT HERE BUTHf • V__J

y v

Fig. 52. Applegarth (1710). Fig. 53. Mouswald (1723). Fig. 54. Prestonpans (1696). 440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JUNE 14, 1886.

earliese e eighteentTh th f o t h century cups (fig. 51 founs i ) d bott ha Clackmannan and Dumfries, and it is the only cup observed to have been repeate parisheso tw n di , e unlescas th f Fald e o Soutra n i an sa , which possibly forme parise don h alreade cups e datth th f .eo t ya Prestonpans (fig. 54) is a remarkably handsome cup; and in the belt roun e clustecentree th dth d f leaveso ran , , lai, roun don e bottodth f mo

Fig. Trinit55 . y College.

the cup e hav ,e w onl th e y examples subsequen e cupth t Pertsa o t t h and in Skye and those of the Canongate, of a cup to which the gold- smit s attemptehha o impart d interesy an t t from anythin t simplbu g e beaut f form—excepyo e Edinburgth f o w e chasinfe hth t a cups n go — and the floral ornaments on the " beakers." The patens or plates for the bread but rarely follow the ancient types. NOTIC COMMUNIOF O E N CUPS FKOM DUIRINISH, 1 SKYB44 .

They are much larger adapted greae an , th to d t number s that, according e Scottisth o t h custom t roun sa e Lord,e tablth th d f .eo Thee ar y generally simpl n i formed wit an ,h little ornament e pateOn f o n . considerable size—that of the Trinity College Church (fig. 55)—has an engravin centree th n gi , whic reproduces hi d (fig. 56). This engraving may in feeling be compared with the priest before the altar on one of the sculptured stones in lona (fig. 2). It was considered by the late Dr Tait, archbishop of Canterbury, of great historical interest, as showing, ot leasa r t suggesting, thae persoa mad e th causeo s tb o ewa t wh n t di believer in the real presence.

. EngravinFig56 . Patenn go , Trinity College. Others have texts engraved, from whic sentimente hth f thosso o ewh presente e gathereddb the y e largesmma Th . t thas comha t e under observatio s thai n f Banchory-Ternano t ellipticals i t I . , 18 inchey b s t parise r i bearReid th D d lef s a o n 162sht an i ,t y wa thib 5d 12 san , remarkable inscription :— SACRD A I COEPOEIS HYSTERIA FIDBLI POPULO DBFBEENDA. 442 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JUNE 14, 1886.

Besides the flagons for holding the wine before being poured into the cups, there are smaller flagons or ewers used for the baptismal water. Probably the largest of the former is the great flagon of St Giles', 15 inches high, whic similas hi shapn ri thao et Trinit f o t y College Church alsd oan , belongine saids i on t o )(i t Westminsteo gt interesn ra s Abbeyf ha to t I . its own, as having been, according to its inscription, presented in 1618 by Montagu, dean of Westminster and afterwards bishop of Lincoln, e re-establishmenonth f Episcopacyo t , " votis suscepti t Britanniu s a religion t imperiee o etenmm foelicissime coalescat." Ewer d basinan s s devote baptismao t d l servic commone t ear no t bu , generally distinguishe very b d y striking features; som vere ear y small, t otherbu s large . Troe Thath nf o tChurch , for-instance inche7 1 s i ,n si diameter witd an ,h this inscriptio e insidth capitalsn n ei no , thae "H t believeth and is baptised shall be saved." This basin bears to have been s Churce SouthesHi th d f han o "d t gifteParisGo o Edinburghdt f h o , by some well affected their." That belongin o "thgt Kirk"—d eOl a congregation which long occupie accomw no dt s -Gilesi S par t f o tbu , modate dchurc w t witJohn'S ne hn a hi s Street, Canongate—i quitf so e exceptional interest Englishs i t I . ,s datinha s a gr frofa o ms , 1602is d ,an been discovered, the oldest church plate in existence in Scotland, except so-callethe d Queen beeMarhas n yit devote Cuppresenits but , to d t sacred use only since 1728, when it was substituted for plate of 1679. It was impossible for any one who had seen either of Mr Cripps's books thie se s o parce1t l gilt baptisma s lewe it basi d r n(figan ) (fig. 57 . 58) without being struck with the similarity of their style to that of the parcel gilt rosewater basin at the Merchant Taylors' Hall in London, whic s hengravei botn di h works wit date hth e (circa 1600) t woulI . d be difficult to write a description of English basins which did not apply equally to the basin of the Old Church, except as to the engraved scroll-work in which the Scotch one has the thistle added to the acorn beed anha n t d i originall rosef i s a , y intende r Scotlanddfo . The history of the plate of the Old Church from 1602 to 1728 is entirel kirk-sessioe th guesye w unknownon ho sn ca n r werno , e induced to invest in such a magnificent service. The session evidently thought 1 0. E. P., p. 234, and 0. & 0. P., p. 89. NOTIC F COMMUNIOO E N CUPS FROM DUIEINISH, 3 SKYE44 .

they were engaged in a very serious piece of business in parting with their old plate and securing this, and have engraved on the under side

Fig. 57. Baptismal Basin, Old Kirk. basie oth f n their recore transactionth f do , givin precise gth e weighf o t platthd eol e the e nnew—an th dispose y o helt bu f o pt do givine gth a NOTICE OF COMMUNION CUPS FROM DDIRINISH, SKYB. 445

weight also of the new. May the parish, which had the spirit to purchase these beautiful vessels, long prize and appreciate them! Not merel basie th f greas yno i t value e eweth , s believei r uniquee b o dt . It has been thought best not to enter upon the subject of plates for alms in copper and bronze, which still exist in considerable numbers, and which kirk-sessions ought to value and take care of, instead of neglect- ing or throwing them away, as has been too often done, even of recent years. It is believed that many were at one time used for the sacra- mental bread o nows e , subjecte Th thougar . w sfe h represented are generally the Temptation of Adam and Eve; the Spies returning from the Promised Land, bearing grapes; and the Annunciation, They vary greatly in size, material, and quality of workmanship. takinn I a ggenera e lchurc th vie f w o he seventeent th plat f o e h century, it is difficult not to be struck at once by its fitness for the purpose for designeds whic wa s beauty t it hi y b , , and ,exceptions w witfe ha y b , greas it t simplicity. The silversmiths must have been animated while engaged on their task with a feeling of its importance—a consciousness that what they pro- destina duce d ha dy which found expressio inscriptioe th e n i nth n no tankards of the Trinity College Church, 1633—"In that day shall there be Lord'e upo potth e nth n si s house—Holinesse unt Lord.e oth " e feeling e donorTh th f f o cups o se variousl ar s y indicated. Some- times their names are given; sometimes their arms are put outside or inside r somo , e ornamen bottoe e cupth th s than f a mi , o t t which form lase th st illustration (fig;) sometime60 , s thee describear y s a d " well-wishers, indwellers in the parish," or " honest indwellers ; " sometime plate Parish.sth e "s ei th cofy b t " Sometimes ther referenca s ei e to a text strangely selected, as " Be ye wise as serpents, and harmless as doves;" wit engravinn a h serpena dova f go d e an tbelo worde wth s respectively. Sometimes a parishioner or the minister, " Gifted this service th cur f Emmanuepfo eo t e parish,AndrewsS th t n a i lt s "a A . others what is engraved seems intended to indicate a desire to assert a personal sense of the importance of different dogmas. Thus :— " Let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread and drin f thako t cup." 446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JUNE 14, 1886.

" I will take the cup of salvation, and call upon the name of the Lord." " Calicem argenteum ecclesise Banchriensi reliquit Alexander Kcedus medicine o sacre s ix docto e sanguini t u r s mysteria populus fidelis' hauriret." " I am the Vine, ye are the hranches." " If any man thirst, let him come unto Me and drink." " Whoso eatet flesy d drinkethM han blooy M hd hath eternal life, an dI shal lase l th trais u t day.m pa ehi " " This cup is the new testament in My blood." said.e risen s t herei H "H e s no " a ,H s ;ei f Salvatio o Ladi.r p Kire Ou cu th f "f ke o no " Th " Holine Lord.e th o s"t

Fig. 60.