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Ukrainian Communities from Tulcea County: Between Tradition and Spectacle Alexandru Chiselev

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Ukrainian Communities from Tulcea County: Between Tradition and Spectacle Alexandru Chiselev Ukrainian communities from Tulcea County: between tradition and spectacle Alexandru Chiselev To cite this version: Alexandru Chiselev. Ukrainian communities from Tulcea County: between tradition and specta- cle. Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine, 2017, pp.211 - 221. 10.24061/2411- 6181.4.2017.136. hal-03101819 HAL Id: hal-03101819 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03101819 Submitted on 22 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. You have downloaded a document from The Central and Eastern European Online Library The joined archive of hundreds of Central-, East- and South-East-European publishers, research institutes, and various content providers Source: Актуальні питання суспільних наук та історії медицини Current Issues of Social Studies and History of Medicine Location: Ukraine Author(s): Alexandru Chiselev Title: UKRAINIAN COMMUNITIES FROM TULCEA COUNTY BETWEEN TRADITION AND SPECTACLE UKRAINIAN COMMUNITIES FROM TULCEA COUNTY BETWEEN TRADITION AND SPECTACLE Issue: 4/2017 Citation Alexandru Chiselev. "UKRAINIAN COMMUNITIES FROM TULCEA COUNTY BETWEEN style: TRADITION AND SPECTACLE". Актуальні питання суспільних наук та історії медицини 4:89-95. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=696531 CEEOL copyright 2021 APSNIM, 2017, №:4 (16) ISSN: 2411-6181(on-line); ISSN: 2311-9896 (print) Етнологія Current issues of social studies and history of medіcine. Joint Ukrainian -Romanian scientific journal, 2017, №:4(16), P. 89-95 Ethnology UDK 323.1(498)(=161.2):392 DOI 10.24061/2411-6181.4.2017.136 УКРАЇНСЬКЕ НАСЕЛЕННЯ ТУЛЧСЬКОГО ПОВІТУ РУМУНІЇ: МІЖ ТРАДИЦІЄЮ ТА ВИДОВИЩЕМ Алеxандру КІСЕЛЕВ Музей етнографії та художнього промислу, Еко-музейний Науково-дослідний інститут в Тульчі (Румунія) UKRAINIAN COMMUNITIES FROM TULCEA COUNTY BETWEEN TRADITION AND SPECTACLE Alexandru CHISELEV Ethnographic and Folk Art Museum, Institute of Eco-Museum Research from Tulcea (Romania) ([email protected]) orcid.org/0000-0003-1225-048 ResearcherID: R-1697-2017 Chiselev Alexandru. Les communautés ukrainiennes du comté de Tulcea entre tradition et spectacle. L'objectif de l'article. L'article présente des éléments du patrimoine immatériel ukrainien de Dobroudja et les méthodes de conservation de ces objets, en particulier dans des spectacles ou des manifestations culturelles. Dans ce cas, nous avons opéré avec une distinction entre le contexte traditionnel et le contexte institutionnalisé, pour décoder différents ensembles de valeurs spécifiques. Nous avons utilisé les méthodologies de recherche suivantes: les méthodes orales (questionnaire, interview), l'observation directe et participative et la corrélation avec les histoires de vie des témoins essentiels pour la reconstitution orale de certains objets traditionnels. Le terrain de notre recherche a eu une double hypostase: la première, dans les villages, pour recueillir, reconstituer et restituer le patrimoine traditionnel et la seconde, sur la scène ou dans les festivals, pour observer et décoder les items utilisés comme représentatifs pour exprimer l'identité ethnique. Nouveauté scientifique. Pour la première fois dans les articles scientifiques de Dobroudja, nous avons étudié les éléments considérés comme représentatifs par les membres des associations ethniques ukrainiennes, d'un point de vue comparatif avec les valeurs traditionnelles pour accentuer les variations de construction de l'identité individuelle et collective. Conclusions. En analysant les différents aspects du patrimoine immatériel présentés sur scène ou dans un contexte institutionnalisé, nous pouvons classer les programmes artistiques des ensembles ukrainiens de Dobroudja comme authentiques, élaborés ou stylisés, avec différents degrés de présentation de l'identité ethnique locale. Mots-clés: Dobroudja, patrimoine immatériel, Khokhol, identité ethnique, arts de la scène. Topicality of the theme. In the last twenty years, but heritage disappears or transforms. Some ways to preserve mostly in the last ten, certain elements of the immaterial them, in an institutional framework, are: spectacle, festival heritage of populations from Dobrudja, in generally, and of or cultural manifestation. Ukrainians / Khokhols from Tulcea County transformed, in We must make a distinction from the beginning relation with the social, politic-legislative and mentality between the traditional intangible heritage and the changes. institutionalized heritage (and presented as part of the Under the Law of protection of intangible cultural spectacles), in relation with necessity, role and significance. heritage No. 26/20081, intangible cultural heritage Thus, the two types of intangible heritage operate with represents all the practices, representations, expressions, different sets of values, according to the "target" of them. knowledge, skills - with the instruments, objects, artefacts Traditional intangible heritage is created and centered on and cultural spaces associated therewith - that communities, individuals and communities, and the institutionalized one is groups or individuals, recognize as part of their cultural transformed / adapted / created by institutions and centered heritage. to the public, even if their intention is for preservation or Contemporary ethnologists classify intangible heritage awareness. resources into five main categories: individual carriers of Given the complexity of intangible heritage, in this knowledge and know-how (so-called Living Human approach we will address some issues from a comparative Treasures: artisans, musicians, folk medicines etc.), perspective between traditional and spectacular. companies with potential knowledge and know-how (for Analysis of the last research. The intangible heritage example, professions such as baker, vintner, grocer), of Ukrainians from Dobrudja was researched in the last organisations-associations or informal groups (cultural decade by different ethnologists from Romania and Ukraine, associations, folk ensembles), forms of expression (custom, such as: S. Pârâu, M. Milian, I. Titov, V. Kușnir, A. feast or festival, ritual, playing and verbal forms) and Chiselev3. They presented historical aspects of this cultural spaces (public places concentrating cultural community, traditional items (S. Pârâu, M. Milian, I. Titov, traditional activities)2 . V. Kușnir), study cases about localities where Ukrainians In a period of major changes in the socio-ethnic- life in relation with other ethnic groups (I. Titov), folkloric demographic structure, many components of this type of texts, rites of passage, holidays, ethnoiatric medicine, 1 http://www.cimec.ro/Legislatie/Legea-26-2008-PatrimoniulImaterial.pdf 2 Inventaire des ressources ethnologiques du patrimoine immatériel (IREPI). 3 Pârâu S., Multiculturalitatea în Dobrogea [Multiculturality in Dobrudja], Ed. Ex Ponto, Constanţa, 2007; Milian M., “Dobrogea ca mozaic etnic” [Dobrudja as ethnic mosaic], in Pârâu S., Multiculturalitatea în Dobrogea [Multiculturality in Dobrudja], Ed. Ex Ponto, Constanţa, 2007; Titov I. Relația majoritari-minoritari etnici în Dobrogea de Nord [The relationship of ethnic majority-minority in North- ern Dobrudja], Constanța, Ed. Dobrogea, 2015; Kuşnir V., Ucrainenii de dincolo de Dunăre [Ukrainians beyond the Danube], RCR Edito- rial, Bucureşti, 2008; Chiselev A. Magia la românii și ucrainenii din nordul Dobrogei [The magic at the Romanians and Ukrainians from the Northern Dobrudja], Cluj-Napoca, Ed. Mega, 2016. Актуальні питання суспільних наук та історії медицини. Спільний українсько-румунський науковий журнал. 89 (АПСНІМ), 2017, № 4 (16), P. 89-95 CEEOL copyright 2021 CEEOL copyright 2021 Chiselev A. Ukrainian communities from Tulcea county between tradition and spectacle Table No. 1 Differences between traditional and institutionalized intangible heritage Coordinates Traditional intangible heritage Institutionalized intangible heritage (promoted by folk ensembles) Temporal context inherently linked to calendar or life cycle mainly related to festivals and other traditions (synchronous) cultural, educational, social or political events (sometimes synchronous, often diachronic) Character, depending on organization high spontaneity organized, directed, managed Character, according to the significance of ritualized profane, spectacular practices Character, according to the transmitted authentic, with local variants standardized, processed, generalizing value Direction of addressing to community to public The understanding way of phenomena complex, decoded, interpretable simplified, for a general understanding of public Necessity of presenting the practice Sufficient by itself Sufficient, but with emphatic trends, exaggeration or replacement of items meant to impress the public material culture (V. Kușnir), magical thinking, ethno- heritage: Music and dance ensemble Zadunaiska Sici / mythological representations, magical rites connected with Danubian Sich from Tulcea, choral group Veselka / life-cycle and calendar traditions (A. Chiselev). Rainbow from Caraorman, choral group Rebalka
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