DOCSLIB.ORG

National Standard Treatment Guidelines for the Primary Level

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
National Standard Treatment Guidelines for the Primary Level Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ministry of Public Health General Directorate of Pharmaceutical Affairs National Standard Treatment Guidelines for the Primary Level MAy 2013 CONTENTS Foreword ..................................................ix Introduction. xi Acknowledgments .......................................xiii How to Use This Guideline ..............................xix Acronyms and Abbreviations ...........................xxii Glossary ................................................. xxv Chapter 1. Dental and Oral Conditions ................ 41 Chapter 2. Digestive System Conditions. 46 2.1. Diarrhea and Dehydration ........................... 46 2.1.1. Acute Diarrhea, without Blood, in Children Younger Than 5 Years ................................ 46 2.1.2. Acute Diarrhea, without Blood, in Children Older Than 5 Years and in Adults .....................53 2.1.3. Persistent Diarrhea, without Blood, in Children Younger Than 5 Years ................... 54 2.1.4. Persistent Diarrhea in Children Older Than 5 Years and in Adults ..................................56 2.1.5. Dysentery .........................................56 Copyright ©2013 Ministry of Public Health, 2.1.5.1. Dysentery, Bacillary. .56 General Directorate of Pharmaceutical Affairs 2.1.5.2. Dysentery, Amebic ..........................58 2.1.6. Giardiasis .........................................59 This publication is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), 2.1.7. Cholera ........................................... 60 under the terms of cooperative agreement number 306-A-00-11-00532-00. 2.2. Peptic Ulcer Disease ................................. 62 The contents are the responsibility of Ministry of Public Health of the Islamic Chapter 3. Respiratory System Conditions ............65 Republic of Afghanistan with the technical support of Management Sciences for Health and the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean 3.1. Asthma ................................................65 Regional Office and do not reflect necessarily the views of USAID or the 3.1.1. Asthma in Children ...............................65 United States Government. 3.1.2. Asthma in Adults ................................ 68 About SPS 3.2. Common Cold and Flu ................................71 The Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems (SPS) Program strives to build 3.3. Pneumonia in Children and Adults ...................73 capacity within developing countries to effectively manage all aspects of 3.3.1. Pneumonia in Children Younger Than 5 Years ...74 pharmaceutical systems and services. SPS focuses on improving governance in the pharmaceutical sector, strengthening pharmaceutical management 3.3.2. Pneumonia in Children Older Than 5 Years systems and financing mechanisms, containing antimicrobial resistance, and and in Adults ..........................................78 enhancing access to the most efficacious, safe and cost-effective medicines 3.4. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease .............81 and appropriate use of medicines. NATIONAL STandard TREATMENT GUIDELINES FOR THE PRIMARY LEVEL iii Contents Contents Chapter 4. Ear, Nose, and Throat Conditions ..........84 9.5. Abortion (Vaginal Bleeding in Early Pregnancy) ... 156 4.1. Otitis Externa ........................................ 84 9.6. Ectopic Pregnancy .................................. 163 4.2. Acute Otitis Media ....................................87 9.7. Preterm Labor .......................................164 4.2.1. Acute Otitis Media in Children Younger 9.8. Delivery and Postpartum Care. 166 Than 5 Years ......................................... 88 9.9. Postpartum Hemorrhage ........................... 172 4.2.2. Acute Otitis Media in Children Older Than 5 Years 9.10. Newborn Care ..................................... 176 and in Adults ......................................... 90 9.11. Cracked Nipples during Breastfeeding ............184 4.3. Chronic Otitis Media .................................91 9.12. Mastitis and Breast Abscess. 187 4.4. Acute Sinusitis ....................................... 92 9.12.1. Mastitis. 187 4.5. Sore Throat .......................................... 94 9.12.2. Breast Abscess ................................ 188 4.5.1. Viral Pharyngitis ................................. 94 9.13. Dysmenorrhea ..................................... 189 4.5.2. Bacterial Tonsillitis ..............................96 9.14. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding. 191 4.6. Rhinitis .............................................. 98 9.15. Postmenopausal Bleeding ......................... 193 Chapter 5. Eye Conditions ...........................100 9.16. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ...................... 195 5.1. Conjunctivitis (Red Eye) ............................100 9.17. Infertility ........................................... 198 5.2. Trachoma ...........................................103 Chapter 10. Nutritional and Blood Conditions ........201 5.3. Glaucoma ........................................... 105 10.1. Anemia .............................................201 Chapter 6. Cardiovascular System Conditions ........107 10.2. Thalassemia .......................................207 6.1. Systemic Hypertension ............................. 107 10.3. Malnutrition and Under-Nutrition ................208 6.1.1. Chronic Hypertension .......................... 107 10.4. Vitamin A Deficiency ..............................212 6.1.2. Hypertension Emergency .......................113 10.5. Vitamin D Deficiency and Rickets. 217 6.2. Cardiac Failure. .114 10.6. Iodine Deficiency ..................................219 6.3. Rheumatic Fever .....................................117 Chapter 11. Urinary Tract and Renal Conditions. 220 6.4. Angina Pectoris ......................................121 11.1. Urinary Tract Infection ............................220 6.5. Acute Myocardial Infarction. 123 11.1.1. Acute Pyelonephritis ..........................220 Chapter 7. Central Nervous System Disorders ........126 11.1.2. Cystitis and Urethritis .........................222 7.1. Epilepsy .............................................126 11.2. Acute Glomerulonephritis. 224 7.2. Encephalitis and Meningitis ........................130 Chapter 12. Endocrine System Disorders .............226 Chapter 8. Mental Health Conditions ................ 135 12.1. Diabetes Mellitus ..................................226 12.2. Hyperglycemia and Ketoacidosis. 231 Chapter 9. Obstetrics and Gynecological Conditions ..143 9.1. Pregnancy and Antenatal Care. 143 Chapter 13. Skin Conditions .........................234 9.2. Anemia in Pregnancy ............................... 149 13.1. Impetigo ............................................234 9.3. Hypertension Disorders of Pregnancy ...............151 13.2. Fungal Skin Infection and Napkin (Diaper) Rash . 236 9.4. Antepartum Hemorrhage ........................... 154 13.3. Furunculosis .......................................239 iv NATIONAL STandard TREATMENT GUIDELINES FOR THE PRIMARY LEVEL NATIONAL STandard TREATMENT GUIDELINES FOR THE PRIMARY LEVEL v Contents Contents 13.4. Sycosis .............................................241 16.2.2. Acute Appendicitis ............................330 13.5. Urticaria ...........................................243 16.2.3. Acute Cholecystitis ............................ 331 13.6. Pediculosis .........................................245 16.2.4. Perforated Peptic Ulcer .......................332 13.7. Scabies .............................................247 16.2.5. Bowel Obstruction ............................332 Chapter 14. Musculoskeletal Conditions ............. 251 16.2.6. Ruptured Ectopic Gestation ..................333 14.1. Arthritis and Arthralgia ............................ 251 16.2.7. Ureteric Colic ..................................334 14.2. Osteomyelitis ......................................256 16.3. Animal and Human Bites ..........................335 16.4. Insect Bites and Stings. 340 Chapter 15. Infectious Diseases, Parasitic Diseases, and Helminthic Infestations .........................259 16.4.1. Wasp and Bee Stings ...........................340 15.1. Pertussis (Whooping Cough) ......................259 16.4.2. Scorpion Stings ................................342 15.2. Diphtheria .........................................261 16.4.3. Spider Bites ....................................343 15.3. Tetanus ............................................263 16.5. Snake Bites .........................................345 15.4. Poliomyelitis .......................................267 16.6. Burns ...............................................348 15.5. Measles ............................................268 16.7. Eye Injuries (Trauma, Foreign Bodies, 15.6. Sepsis ..............................................272 and Burns) .............................................355 15.7. Malaria .............................................274 16.8. Hypoglycemia ......................................360 15.7.1. First-Line Therapies ...........................277 16.9. Shock ...............................................363 15.7.2. Second-Line Therapies ........................281 16.10. Dislocation. 373 15.8. Hepatitis ...........................................284 16.11. Abscess ...........................................373 15.9. Typhoid (Enteric) Fever ...........................287 16.12. Poisoning .........................................377 15.10. Tuberculosis ......................................290
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rubai (Quatrain) As a Classical Form of Poetry in Persian Literature
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH CULTURE SOCIETY ISSN: 2456-6683 Volume - 2, Issue - 4, Apr – 2018 UGC Approved Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Indexed Journal Impact Factor: 3.449 Publication Date: 30/04/2018 Rubai (Quatrain) as a Classical Form of Poetry in Persian Literature Ms. Mina Qarizada Lecturer in Samangan Higher Education, Samangan, Afghanistan Master of Arts in English, Department of English Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India Email – [email protected] Abstract: Studying literature, including poetry and prose writing, in Afghanistan is very significant. Poetry provides some remarkable historical, cultural, and geographical facts and its literary legacy of a particular country. Understanding the poetic forms is important in order to understand the themes and the styles of the poetry of the poets. All the Persian poets in some points of the time composed in the Rubai form which is very common till now among the past and present generation across Afghanistan. This paper is an overview of Rubai as a classical form of Poetry in Persian Literature. Rubai has its significant role in the society with different stylistic and themes related to the cultural, social, political, and gender based issues. The key features of Rubai are to be eloquent, spontaneous and ingenious. In a Rubai the first part is the introduction which is the first three lines that is the sublime for the fourth line of the poem. It represents the idea if sublet, pithy and clever. It also represents the poets’ literary works, poetic themes, styles, and visions. Key Words: Rubai, Classic, Poetry, Persian, Literature, Quatrain, 1. INTRODUCTION: Widespread geography of Persian speakers during the past centuries in the history of Afghanistan like many other countries, it can be seen and felt that only great men were trained in the fields of art and literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Saints' Cults of St Catherine of Alexandria and Rabi'a of Basr
    Eylül Çetinbaş A BRIDE OF CHRIST AND AN INTERCESSOR OF MUHAMMAD: COMPARATIVE SAINTS’ CULTS OF ST CATHERINE OF ALEXANDRIA AND RABI’A OF BASRA IN THE MIDDLE AGES MA Thesis in Late Antique, Medieval and Early Modern Studies Central European University Budapest June 2020 CEU eTD Collection A BRIDE OF CHRIST AND AN INTERCESSOR OF MUHAMMAD: COMPARATIVE SAINTS’ CULTS OF ST CATHERINE OF ALEXANDRIA AND RABI’A OF BASRA IN THE MIDDLE AGES by Eylül Çetinbaş (Turkey) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Late Antique, Medieval and Early Modern Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ Examiner CEU eTD Collection Budapest June 2020 A BRIDE OF CHRIST AND AN INTERCESSOR OF MUHAMMAD: COMPARATIVE SAINTS’ CULTS OF ST CATHERINE OF ALEXANDRIA AND RABI’A OF BASRA IN THE MIDDLE AGES by Eylül Çetinbaş (Turkey) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Late Antique, Medieval and Early Modern Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Reader CEU eTD Collection Budapest June 2020 A BRIDE OF CHRIST AND AN INTERCESSOR OF MUHAMMAD: COMPARATIVE SAINTS’ CULTS OF ST CATHERINE OF ALEXANDRIA AND RABI’A OF BASRA IN THE MIDDLE AGES by Eylül Çetinbaş (Turkey) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Late Antique, Medieval and Early Modern Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tragic Life of Rabia Balkhi
    The Tragic Life of Rabia Balkhi Abdul Hai Habibi The ancient city of Balkh, known as the mother of cities, is a myriad of destroyed historical sites in northern Afghanistan. Among the ruins is the shrine of Rabia Balkhi, the famous poetess who lived a thousand years ago. The life of this young poetess is shrouded in mystery. She was the daughter of Ka'b, the ruler of Sajistan and Turan. She led an isolated life and from childhood roamed in the vineyards of the countryside and wrote inspiring poetry. The people of Balkh were so overwhelmed with her literary prowess they called her a bird with golden wings. She had an intimate relationship with natural beauty and had a special admiration for the gardens of her native land. Sitting beside the swift flowing streams and brooks of the orchards and gardens she would lapse into a contemplative mood to write her poetry. One day while wandering in the gardens of Haris, her brother, who became the ruler after her father’s death, she met Baktash, a slave in the court of Haris. The slave presented her with a flower as a token of his friendship and love. She immediately left the garden fearing someone may see her. It was this incident which intensified her poetic career and led to her tragic demise. The pangs of love enveloped her life. From then on she lived in a dream world and spent day and night meditating about Baktash. Every word of her poetry was addressed to him. It was not long before the rumor of her romance reached her brother who stopped her from seeing Baktash.
    [Show full text]
  • Dramatis Personae •
    Dramatis Personae • Note: all dates are approximate. ALEXANDER THE GREAT (356– 323 bc). Macedonian ruler who, af- ter invading Central Asia in 329 bc, spent three years in the region, establishing or renaming nine cities and leaving behind the Bactrian Greek state, headquartered at Balkh, which eventually ruled territo- ries extending into India. Awhad al- Din ANVARI (1126– 1189). Poet and boon companion of Sultan Sanjar at Merv who, boasting of his vast knowledge, wrote that, “If you don’t believe me, come and test me. I am ready.” Nizami ARUDI. Twelfth- century Samarkand- born poet and courtier of the rulers of Khwarazm and of Ghor, and author of Four Discourses, in which he argued that a good ruler’s intellectual stable should include secretaries, poets, astrologers, and physicians. Abu Mansur Ali ASADI. Eleventh- century poet from Tus and follower of Ferdowsi. Working at a court in Azerbaijan, Asadi versified The Epic of Garshasp (Garshaspnameh), which ranks second only to Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh among Persian epic poems. Farid al- Din ATTAR (1145– 1221). Pharmacist and Sufi poet from Nishapur, who combined mysticism with the magic of the story- teller’s art. His Conference of the Birds is an allegory in which the birds of the world take wing in search of Truth, only to find it within themselves. Yusuf BALASAGUNI (Yusuf of Balasagun). Author in 1069 of the Wisdom of Royal Glory, a guide for rulers and an essay on ethics. Written in a Turkic dialect, Yusuf’s volume for the first time brought a Turkic language into the mainstream of Mediterranean civilization and thought.
    [Show full text]
  • Hinari Participating Academic Institutions
    Hinari Participating Academic Institutions Filter Summary Country City Institution Name Afghanistan Bamyan Bamyan University Chakcharan Ghor province regional hospital Charikar Parwan University Cheghcharan Ghor Institute of Higher Education Faizabad, Afghanistan Faizabad Provincial Hospital Ferozkoh Ghor university Gardez Paktia University Ghazni Ghazni University Ghor province Hazarajat community health project Herat Rizeuldin Research Institute And Medical Hospital HERAT UNIVERSITY 19-Dec-2017 3:13 PM Prepared by Payment, HINARI Page 1 of 367 Country City Institution Name Afghanistan Herat Herat Institute of Health Sciences Herat Regional Military Hospital Herat Regional Hospital Health Clinic of Herat University Ghalib University Jalalabad Nangarhar University Alfalah University Kabul Kabul asia hospital Ministry of Higher Education Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU) Afghanistan Public Health Institute, Ministry of Public Health Ministry of Public Health, Presidency of medical Jurisprudence Afghanistan National AIDS Control Program (A-NACP) Afghan Medical College Kabul JUNIPER MEDICAL AND DENTAL COLLEGE Government Medical College Kabul University. Faculty of Veterinary Science National Medical Library of Afghanistan Institute of Health Sciences Aga Khan University Programs in Afghanistan (AKU-PA) Health Services Support Project HMIS Health Management Information system 19-Dec-2017 3:13 PM Prepared by Payment, HINARI Page 2 of 367 Country City Institution Name Afghanistan Kabul National Tuberculosis Program, Darulaman Salamati Health Messenger al-yusuf research institute Health Protection and Research Organisation (HPRO) Social and Health Development Program (SHDP) Afghan Society Against Cancer (ASAC) Kabul Dental College, Kabul Rabia Balkhi Hospital Cure International Hospital Mental Health Institute Emergency NGO - Afghanistan Al haj Prof. Mussa Wardak's hospital Afghan-COMET (Centre Of Multi-professional Education And Training) Wazir Akbar Khan Hospital French Medical Institute for children, FMIC Afghanistan Mercy Hospital.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace Education in Afghanistan: a Comparative Study Of
    Peace Education in Afghanistan: A Comparative Study of Conflict and Post-Conflict School Textbooks By Hafiza Yazdani A thesis submitted to the University of Otago in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies Te Ao o Rongomaraeroa The University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand 1 Table of Contents List of Appendixes ................................................................................................ iv List of Figures ........................................................................................................ v List of Abbreviations ...........................................................................................vii Preface .................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract .................................................................................................................. 3 Chapter 1 .......................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 5 1.2 Background to the Study ......................................................................... 5 1.3 Research Rationale and Objective ........................................................ 10 1.4 Literature Review .................................................................................. 13 1.5 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Khanqah) of Rumi’S Father
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD ISSN: 2455-0620 Volume - 6, Issue - 2, Feb – 2020 Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Indexed Journal with IC Value: 86.87 Impact Factor: 6.497 Received Date: 11/02/2020 Acceptance Date: 23/02/2020 Publication Date: 29/02/2020 A Look at the Historical Background and Current Situation of the Sanctuary (Khanqah) of Rumi’s Father Mohammad Sadeq Osyan Associate Professor, Dari Language and Literature Department, Balkh University, Balkh, Afghanistan Email – [email protected] Abstract: Balkh is one of the oldest cities of ancient Ariana, which has been well-positioned in various historical and prehistorical periods, and in the old days, it surrounded a vast territory. But today, it is a small town, 20 kilometers from Mazar-e-Sharif, the central city of Balkh province in Northern Afghanistan. Balkh is a place with a rich cultural heritage and valuable historical sites. One of the most important historical sites is the home of Jalaluddin Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi’s father. More than eight centuries old, this house is one of the remains of the Khwarezmid architectural period of the late 6th and early 7th centuries A&H, built of adobe and mud. Now, parts of the building are collapsed which include walls, domes, arch and porch, remained to us as a heritage site near the village of Baha ud-Din Walad in Balkh District. The lack of constant and serious protection of this sanctuary (khanqah) and its associated parts have caused this magnificent building to be destroyed and demolished by natural disasters as well as the illegal excavations of unaccountable people.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    AFGHANISTAN EDUCATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM-II Public Disclosure Authorized MINISTRY OF EDUCATION PROCUREMENT PLAN FY2008-10-11 Public Disclosure Authorized Procurement Management Unit Education Quality Imrpovement Program-II Revised Procurement Plan EQUIP II (Revision Ref.: 04 on 15-05-10) General Public Disclosure Authorized 1 Project information: Education Quality Improvement Project II (EQUIP II) Country: Afghanistan Borrower: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Project Name: Education Quality Improvement Project II (EQUIP II) Grant No.: H 354 –AF Project ID : P106259 P106259 Project Implementing Agency: Ministry of Education of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 2 Bank’s approval date of the procurement Plan : 17 Nov.2007 (Original:) 3 Period covered by this procurement plan: One year Procurement for the proposed project would be carried out in accordance with the World Bank’s “Guidelines: Procurement Under IBRD Loans and IDA Credits” dated May 2004; and “Guidelines: Selection and Employment of Consultants by World Bank Borrowers” dated May 2004, and the provisions stipulated in the Legal Agreement. The procurement will be done through competitive bidding using the Bank’s Standard Bidding Documents (SBD). The general description of various items under different expenditure category are described. For each contract to Public Disclosure Authorized be financed by the Loan/Credit, the different procurement methods or consultant selection methods, estimated costs, prior review requirements, and time frame are agreed between the Recipient and the Bank project team in the Procurement Plan. The Procurement Plan will be updated at least annually or as required to reflect the actual project implementation needs and improvements in institutional capacity. II. Goods and Works and consulting services.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghan Institute for Strategic Studies (AISS)
    Afghan Institute for Strategic Studies (AISS) Afghanistan-Central Asia Dialogue III Conference Report ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ December 17th - 18th, 2015 – Mazar-i-Sharif Authors: Ahmad Zia Ferozpur & Ahmad Faez Sadat www.aiss.af 1 Table of Contents About AISS .......................................................................................................................................... 3 A short introduction to the Afghanistan-Central Asia Dialogue Series ......................... 4 Summary of the Afghanistan-Central Asia Dialogue -III ..................................................... 4 Objective of the Conference .......................................................................................................... 4 Part I ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 The Conference Panels ............................................................................................................................... 6 Inauguration Session ................................................................................................................................... 6 Panel 1: Mapping Mutual Perception of Afghanistan and Central Asian Republics ............. 7 Panel 2: Economic Opportunities ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from the King’S Research Portal At
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Mullah Wars The Afghan Taliban between village and state, 1979-2001 Strick Van Linschoten, William Alexander Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 Mullah Wars: the Afghan Taliban between village and state, 1979-2001 Alex Strick van Linschoten 0202417 Ph.D. thesis Submitted May 2016 Abstract Many articles and books have been written about the Taliban, but much of this has been polemic in nature and has ignored the growing mass of primary source material that is available to the interested researcher.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan Digital Collections
    ,/ ) ' .·· / ~ ,, AFGHANISTAN TITLE Study of Health Provision and Needs in Kabul, Afghanistan RESEARCHREPORTPREPAREDBY MEDAIR, AfghanistarJ ·~' ! DATE 20th January 1997 1. Executive Summary 2. Research Methods 3. Background Information 3.1 The Ministry of Public Health 3.2 Medical demography 4. Current Health Provision in Kabul City Districts 4.1 International and local NGO involvement 5. Health Facilities 5.1 Hospitals 5.2 Polyclinics 5.3 Mini health centres 5.4 MCH (Mother and Child Health) clinics 5.5 Nutrition 5.6 EPI (Expanded Programme of Immunisation) 5.7 Specialist facilities and programmes 5.8 Private health care facilities 6. Other Specific Issues 6. 1 The gender issue 6.2 Training 6.3 Nursing care 6.4 Health education 6.5 Drug supplies 6.6 Salary versus incentives 6. 7 Charges for services 7. Conclusion 8. Appendix A 9. Appendix B MEDAIR Confidential 1. Executive Summary Afghanistan has a poor health record with very high infant, childhood and maternal mortality rates and an average life expectancy of 44 years. The greatest causes of mortality are diarrhoeal diseases, malaria and tuberculosis. Kabul city has suffered extensive damage during the past 4 years of fighting and, as a result, severe disruption of its medical services. The incidence of communicable and vector-borne diseases has increased significant! y. The Ministry of Public Health lacks resources and consequently is unable to respond in any significant way to these huge needs, or to effectively coordinate and monitor activity. Kabul presently has 22 hospitals, 26 general clinics, 33 MCH clinics, 7 specialist clinics and 30 feeding centres. Many of these are heavily supported by NGOs and would not be able to function without their support.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Analysis of Selected Works of Rabia Balkhi and Nadia Anjuman
    Poetry in Translation: A Comparative Analysis of Selected Works of Rabia Balkhi and Nadia Anjuman A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of English in Complete Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN ENGLISH LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY Submitted by: Supervised by: Mina Qarizada Mr. Sandeep Kumar Sharma Reg. No: 11613704 Assistant Professor Department of English Department of Verbal, Ability LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ARTS AND LANGUAGES PUNJAB, INDIA 2017 This Dissertation is Dedicated to My Dear Parents for Their Endless Caring, Love, Guidance, Inspiration, Support, Teaching and Encouragement in My Entire Life. “Mina Qarizada” DECLARATION I hereby declare that the dissertation entitled, “Poetry in Translation: A Comparative Analysis of Selected Works of Rabia Balkhi and Nadia Anjuman”; submitted for the award of Masters of Arts in (English) and to the institution is the original and authentic study of my own that I carried out during allotted time from 15th January to 28th November 2017 under the supervision of Mr. Sandeep Kumar Sharma, Assistant Professor of Department of Verbal, Ability. This piece of work does not contain any unauthorized works of other research scholars except the ones which are used by giving the authentic citations and references. The referred sources are properly cited in both in-text citation and in bibliography of this paper. Place: Punjab, India Name and Signature of the Student Date: 11/ 27/2017 Mina Qarizada ( ) Registration No: 11613704 I CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation entitled, “Poetry in Translation: A Comparative Analysis of Selected Works of Rabia Balkhi and Nadia Anjuman”; by Miss.
    [Show full text]