FauvismA movement intoxicated with colour October 2018 Influence on ART 1 # War, Political movements Art Movements of 20th Century # Fauvism # Cubism # Futurism # Dadaism 2 # Surrealism Fauvism # Art Term # Beginnings # Key Characteristics 3 # Influences and Styles # Famous Artists and artworks Influence of War and Political 1 Movements on ART in 20th Century The twentieth century was one of particular worldwide upheaval, ranging from wars to economic downturns to radical political movements. No one can disagree that the years between 1900 and 2000 were years of extreme change for artists all over the world. The period before World War I was characterized by an art that reflected the optimism and idealism of a new century headed toward a bright future. The innovations of Expressionism and Cubism brought a new abstract language to art and a rebirth of style and the language of The Gay Liberation painting. Fauvism and Post-Impressionism infused the art world with the bright colors and gorgeous landscapes. The civil rights movement was a decades-long movement with the goal of securing legal rights for African Americans that other Americans already held. With roots starting Movement in the Reconstruction era during the late 19th century, the movement resulted in the largest legislative impacts after the direct actions and grassroots protests organized from the mid-1950s until 1968. The movement in painting that led the charge toward well-known 20th-century painting styles, such as Cubism and Expressionism, was Fauvism. From assemblage artists to Minimalist masters turned to art as an act of political defiance. It represents the diversity of gays and lesbians around the world. In the Counterculture began to develop in the United States original eight-color version, pink stood for sexuality, red for life, orange for following the rise of conformity in American culture during the 1950s. The counterculture movement opened healing, yellow for the sun, green for nature, turquoise for art, indigo for the doors for the social acceptance of alternative lifestyles and progressive ideals amongst the white harmony, and violet for spirit. middle class. The movement gained momentum as the Civil Rights Movement became increasingly successful and as the U.S. military intervention of Vietnam began to take a negative turn. It was literary movement that rejected official literature style, materialism and conformism developing from the 1940s in America. 8 9 Art and The First Great War (1914-1918) We know it as World War I, but at the time, it was the first Great War. During the First World War the British government developed a variety of art schemes to record and document all aspects of the conflict from the violence of the fighting fronts to the social and industrial change at home. Art was seen as the means to convey the righteousness of Britain’s cause, to bear witness to the experience of war, to remember the fallen and provide effective propaganda. But in 1914, that all changed. The first Great War, which brought about unprecedented loss of life, also saw the destruction that could be incurred through the use of technology and science, such as mustard gas and military weaponry, and aircraft. Art, freedom and creativity will change society Mass deportations broke up art circles. Artists were drafted to the front and many were either killed or maimed. The artists who remaiwned at home represented faster than politics.” the changing attitudes toward war on their canvases. A new art emerged out of Europe around this time, reflecting the misery, devastation, and cruelty of war. “ Victor Pinchuk 10 11 Art Movements of 20th Century 2 12 The 20th century opened new vistas and possibilities that expanded everyday human experience and greatly influenced the world of art and original painting. From the earliest years of the turn of the century, artists were beginning to experiment with subject matter, creating realities reflective more of their own inner visions than what lay before them in nature. Concurrent with this was a search for new techniques, materials, and approaches to support these forays into new terrains. The art movements of the 20th century continue to influence the images being created to this day. As a result, 20th century painting movements and trends inspired artists to set out in many divergent directions, resulting in a broad range of styles and forms. Here are some of the major movements that defined and shaped art in the 20th century and which still influence the art being produced today The Vitality of a new movement in art must This period saw many radical changes in people’s lives: an increased pace of technological and industrial change; the rapid spread of large urban be guaged by the fury it arouses.” centres;the growth of consumerism on a large scale; and the chilling reality of mass warfare. After the relative peace of most of the 19th century, rivalry between European powers erupted in 1914 with Logan Pearsall Smith the outbreak of the first World War. Over 60 million European soldiers were mobilized from 1914–1918 as countries around the world were called into the conflict. With the widespread death and destruction of the “ greatest war the world had ever seen, art increasingly became a means for escapism, a way to abstract life and escape the difficulties of the human condition. Art historians moved away from abstraction toward the production of art critical of war. 14 15 Fauvism developed in France to become Dadaism or Dada was a form of artistic the first new artistic style of the 20th century. anarchy born out of disgust for the Dadaism In contrast to the dark, vaguely disturbing social, political and cultural values of nature of much turn-of-the-century, the time. It arose as a reaction to World Symbolist art, the Fauves produced bright War I and the nationalism It embraced cheery landscapes and figure paintings, elements of art, music, poetry, theatre, characterized by pure vivid color and bold dance and politics. Dada was not so distinctive brushwork. Characterised by much a style of art like Cubism or strong colours and fierce brushwork, the Fauvism; it was more a protest movement best known Fauve artists include Henri with an anti-establishment manifesto. Fauvism Matisse, André Derain, and Maurice Dada had far-reaching effects on the 20th Vlaminck who pioneered its distinctive style. Century Art and also the mindset of people. The movement was conceived as ‘a Founded by the poet André Breton in Paris new way of representing the world’, and in 1924, Surrealism was an artistic and assimilated outside influences, such as literary movement. It proposed that the African art, as well as new theories on Enlightenment—the influential 17th- and In the 20th Century, something to be called the nature of reality, such as Einstein’s 18th-century intellectual movement that Theory of Relativity.Cubism is often championed reason and individualism— PROFOUND ART, divided into two phases – the Analytic had suppressed the superior qualities of Surrealism phase (1907-12), and the Synthetic phase the irrational, unconscious mind.Surrealist (1913 through the 1920s). Other major automatism is a method of art-making you have to not be able to exponents of Cubism included Robert in which theartist suppresses conscious Cubism Delaunay, Francis Picabia, Jean Metzinger, control over the making process, allowing understand it. Marcel Duchamp and Fernand Léger. the unconscious mind to have great sway. In the late 1940s, Abstract Expressionism An Italian avant-garde art movement that sprang up with the idea of expressing a state took speed, technology and modernity as its of mind. Considered the birth of “modern inspiration, Futurism portrayed the dynamic art”, artists who painted during the Abstract character of 20th century life, glorified war Expressionism movement wanted viewers and the machine age, and favoured the to really reach deeply for understanding of growth of Fascism.The movement was an image. They wanted the ideas about the at its strongest from 1909, when Filippo painting to be free of conventional thinking Marinetti’s first manifesto of Futurism and believed that their images would have a appeared. Futurism was unique in that unique, instinctive meaning for each viewer. it was a self-invented art movement.hen Some of the famed artists during this time Futurism Filippo Marinetti’s first manifesto of Futurism period were Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko appeared, until the end of World War One. 16 17 Fauvism 3 18 auvism is the name applied to the work produced by a group of artists from around 1905 to 1910, which is characterised by strong colours and fierce brushwork. The name les fauves (‘the wild beasts’) was coined by the critic Louis Vauxcelles when he saw the work of Henri Matisse and André Derain in an exhibition. The paintings Derain and Matisse exhibited were the result of a summer spent working together in Collioure in the South of France and were made using bold, non-naturalistic colours, and wild loose dabs of paint. The forms of the subjects were also simplified. Fauvism can be seen as an extreme extension of the post- impressionism of Van Gogh combined with the neo-impressionism of Seurat. The influences of these earlier movements inspired Matisee and his followers to reject traditional three-dimensional space and instead use flat areas or patches of colour to create a new pictorial space. Fauvism can also be seen as a form of expressionism in its use of brilliant colors and spontaneous brushwork. It has often been compared to German expressionism, which emerged at around the same time and was also inspired by the developments of post-impressionism. Henri Matisse is generally considered the principal founding artist of Fauvism.