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Gangnam Style’
POLITICS, PARODIES, AND THE PARADOX OF PSY’S ‘GANGNAM STYLE’ KEITH HOWARD∗ ABSTRACT In 2012, ‘Gangnam Style’ occasioned large flash mobs, three of the early ones taking place in Pasadena, Times Square in New York, and Sydney, Australia. Today, Psy, the singer of ‘Gangnam Style’, is regularly talked about as having brought K-pop to the world beyond East and Southeast Asia, and Korean tourism chiefs are actively planning a Korean Wave street in Gangnam, the district of Seoul lampooned by the song. But, ‘Gangnam Style’ has proved challenging to K-pop fans, who have resisted its gender stereotyping, its comic framing, and its simple dance moves that subsume the aesthetics of movement under a sequence of locations and action vignettes. At the same time, foreign success has given the song, and its singer, legitimacy in Korea so much so that, despite lyrics and video images that critique modern urban life and caricature the misogynistic failures of its protagonist, Psy headlined the inauguration celebrations of Korea’s incoming president, Park Geun-hye, in February 2013. This paper explores the song, its reception and critique by fans and others, and notes how, in an ultimate paradox that reflects the age of social media and the individualization of consumerism, the parodies the song spawned across the globe enabled Koreans to celebrate its success while ignoring its message. Keywords: Korean Wave, K-pop, popular music, parody, mimesis, consumerism, social media, Gangnam Style, Psy. INTRODUCTION In 2012, ‘Gangnam Style’ occasioned large flash mobs, three of the early ones taking place in Pasadena, Times Square in New York, and Sydney, Australia. -
DWF-Healing Lessons
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Healing Lessons: Urban High School Teachers Learning to Teach Black Youth with Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9d39k1kv Author Ferreira, Dawn Williams Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Healing Lessons: Urban High School Teachers Learning to Teach Black Youth with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder By Dawn Ligaya Custodio Williams Ferreira A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Jabari Mahiri, Chair Professor Na’ilah Suad Na’sir Professor Malo André Hutson Spring 2012 Healing Lessons: Urban High School Teachers Learning to Teach Black Youth with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder © Dawn Ligaya Custodio Williams Ferreira, 2012 Abstract Healing Lessons: Urban High School Teachers Learning to Teach Black Youth with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder By Dawn Ligaya Custodio Williams Ferreira Doctor of Philosophy in Education University of California, Berkeley Professor Jabari Mahiri, Chair Significant research reveals that youth who reside in neighborhoods of high crime and violence can often be exposed to external stressors that result in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). These youths are disproportionately Black, and this condition often goes untreated. Consequently, their challenges with PTSD can surface and have tremendous impacts on teaching and learning at the schools they attend. These impacts include severe problems with academic achievement and discipline. The site of this research is a public, urban continuation high school in Northern California where many students exhibit symptoms of PTSD. -
Birth and Evolution of Korean Reality Show Formats
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Film, Media & Theatre Dissertations School of Film, Media & Theatre Spring 5-6-2019 Dynamics of a Periphery TV Industry: Birth and Evolution of Korean Reality Show Formats Soo keung Jung [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/fmt_dissertations Recommended Citation Jung, Soo keung, "Dynamics of a Periphery TV Industry: Birth and Evolution of Korean Reality Show Formats." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2019. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/fmt_dissertations/7 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Film, Media & Theatre at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Film, Media & Theatre Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DYNAMICS OF A PERIPHERY TV INDUSTRY: BIRTH AND EVOLUTION OF KOREAN REALITY SHOW FORMATS by SOOKEUNG JUNG Under the Direction of Ethan Tussey and Sharon Shahaf, PhD ABSTRACT Television format, a tradable program package, has allowed Korean television the new opportunity to be recognized globally. The booming transnational production of Korean reality formats have transformed the production culture, aesthetics and structure of the local television. This study, using a historical and practical approach to the evolution of the Korean reality formats, examines the dynamic relations between producer, industry and text in the -
SNSD and the Art of Bridging The
Situations Vol. 3 (Winter 2009) © 2009 by Yonsei University Mariah Junglan Min1 [email protected] The Art of Crossing the Line Although the intensive coverage provided to the new all-boy and all-girl bands through the Internet and in more traditional media such as television may make it seem as though such they have long dominated popular music, the current explosion in popularity of idol groups begun only two years ago. What is more, this is not the first time that such groups have stormed the K-pop charts. The first wave of massively popular idol groups was in the late 90s, when a veritable army of teens made their debut as singers. Korean multi-entertainment companies recognized the business potential in well-trained young and attractive stars, and the feverish reception from the public confirmed this. The result was that H.O.T., Sechs Kies, Shinhwa, Fin.K.L., S.E.S., and G.O.D. enjoyed chart success and outstanding album sales. Around 2002, this first golden age of idol groups came to an end. Most of the first wave of idols split up, while some individual members went on to pursue solo careers. Although some groups did continue, with Shinhwa performing as recently as 2008, the moment of the idol group seemed to have passed. For a short time, the K-pop scene was now host to a series of successful solo artists, such as Rain and Yi Hyo-ri, the latter a former member of the all-girl band Fin.K.L. In 2004, the first forerunners of the second wave began to appear, with TVXQ, for example, releasing their first single that year. -
The Globalization of K-Pop: the Interplay of External and Internal Forces
THE GLOBALIZATION OF K-POP: THE INTERPLAY OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FORCES Master Thesis presented by Hiu Yan Kong Furtwangen University MBA WS14/16 Matriculation Number 249536 May, 2016 Sworn Statement I hereby solemnly declare on my oath that the work presented has been carried out by me alone without any form of illicit assistance. All sources used have been fully quoted. (Signature, Date) Abstract This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic analysis about the growing popularity of Korean pop music (K-pop) worldwide in recent years. On one hand, the international expansion of K-pop can be understood as a result of the strategic planning and business execution that are created and carried out by the entertainment agencies. On the other hand, external circumstances such as the rise of social media also create a wide array of opportunities for K-pop to broaden its global appeal. The research explores the ways how the interplay between external circumstances and organizational strategies has jointly contributed to the global circulation of K-pop. The research starts with providing a general descriptive overview of K-pop. Following that, quantitative methods are applied to measure and assess the international recognition and global spread of K-pop. Next, a systematic approach is used to identify and analyze factors and forces that have important influences and implications on K-pop’s globalization. The analysis is carried out based on three levels of business environment which are macro, operating, and internal level. PEST analysis is applied to identify critical macro-environmental factors including political, economic, socio-cultural, and technological. -
O Fenômeno K-Pop – Reflexões Iniciais Sob a Ótica Da Construção Do Ídolo E O Mercado Musical Pop Sul-Coreano1
Intercom – Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação 40º Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências da Comunicação – Curitiba - PR – 04 a 09/09/2017 O FENÔMENO K-POP – REFLEXÕES INICIAIS SOB A ÓTICA DA CONSTRUÇÃO DO ÍDOLO E O MERCADO MUSICAL POP SUL-COREANO1 Letícia Ayumi Yamasaki2 Rafael de Jesus Gomes3 Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) Resumo: A finalidade deste artigo é discutir de que forma a indústria fonográfica começa a se reinventar a partir da abrangência da internet e da cultura participativa (JENKINS, 2008) e suas estratégias para sobreviver nesse mercado. Dessa forma, pretende-se analisar aqui o fenômeno K-Pop (Korean Popular Music) e suas técnicas para a construção do ídolo, licenciamento de produtos e seu respectivo sucesso no mercado global de música. A partir de uma reflexão inicial, discutiremos aqui como a indústria cultural está absorvendo esses elementos e construindo novos produtos. Como aporte metodológico, reuniu-se a pesquisa bibliográfica a partir dos conceitos sobre produtos culturais, economia afetiva além de pesquisa em sites focados no universo da cultura Pop Sul-Coreana. Palavras-chave: K-Pop, convergência, estratégias, indústria cultural 1. INTRODUÇÃO Um mercado que fatura bilhões de dólares por ano, altamente influenciado pelo uso de tecnologias durante o processo de produção, consumo e sua relação com a lógica do capital (BOLAÑO, 2010); (ARAGÃO, 2008); (BRITTOS, 1999); (DIAS, 2010). Este é o cenário da indústria fonográfica que, nos últimos 20 anos precisa lidar com o faturamento de suas produções e, ao mesmo tempo, precisa também se adaptar aos processos de compartilhamento via aplicativos, streamings e serviços on demand (JENKINS, 2008); (KELLNER, 2004). -
Pop and K-Dramas: a Billion Dollar Business
Jain Muskan, Nelly Kavira Mangu Mangu, International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology. ISSN: 2454-132X Impact factor: 4.295 (Volume 4, Issue 1) Available online at www.ijariit.com K-Pop and K-Dramas: A Billion Dollar Business Muskan Jain Kavira Mangu Mangu Nelly Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT The paper demonstrates how the South Korean Pop music and TV-dramas have proven their mark around the globe. With the ever growing popularity of these entertainment methods from Korea, they are not only topping music and tv charts but also evolving into a business worth billions of dollars and most importantly it looks sustainable with the innovation and disruption they are bringing into the world market. Keywords: Pop Music, TV-Dramas, South Korea, Disruption, Innovation. INTRODUCTION When in the 1990s diplomatic relations were made between China and South Korea, South Korean soap dramas like ‘What is Love’ began airing on Chinses television. It soon gained a lot of popularity, with millions of Chinese tuning in to watch the show with their friends and family. Cut to some years later in the 2000s and now in the second decade of this century, there are hundreds of Korean TV series and Korean Pop bands making waves internationally. It is therefore evident how the impact fully the South Korean culture is being propagated across the globe. Being a country that boasts of heavy exports of cellphones and gadgets as such as well as cars and other automobiles have now added K-Pop and K- soaps in the leading export industry, quite possibly on the 2nd or 3rd place. -
The K-Pop Wave: an Economic Analysis
The K-pop Wave: An Economic Analysis Patrick A. Messerlin1 Wonkyu Shin2 (new revision October 6, 2013) ABSTRACT This paper first shows the key role of the Korean entertainment firms in the K-pop wave: they have found the right niche in which to operate— the ‘dance-intensive’ segment—and worked out a very innovative mix of old and new technologies for developing the Korean comparative advantages in this segment. Secondly, the paper focuses on the most significant features of the Korean market which have contributed to the K-pop success in the world: the relative smallness of this market, its high level of competition, its lower prices than in any other large developed country, and its innovative ways to cope with intellectual property rights issues. Thirdly, the paper discusses the many ways the K-pop wave could ensure its sustainability, in particular by developing and channeling the huge pool of skills and resources of the current K- pop stars to new entertainment and art activities. Last but not least, the paper addresses the key issue of the ‘Koreanness’ of the K-pop wave: does K-pop send some deep messages from and about Korea to the world? It argues that it does. Keywords: Entertainment; Comparative advantages; Services; Trade in services; Internet; Digital music; Technologies; Intellectual Property Rights; Culture; Koreanness. JEL classification: L82, O33, O34, Z1 Acknowledgements: We thank Dukgeun Ahn, Jinwoo Choi, Keun Lee, Walter G. Park and the participants to the seminars at the Graduate School of International Studies of Seoul National University, Hanyang University and STEPI (Science and Technology Policy Institute). -
Chaotic Mixing in Microchannels Via Low Frequency Switching Transverse Electroosmotic flow Generated on Integrated Microelectrodes
View Article Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issue PAPER www.rsc.org/loc | Lab on a Chip Chaotic mixing in microchannels via low frequency switching transverse electroosmotic flow generated on integrated microelectrodes Hongjun Song,a Ziliang Cai,a Hongseok (Moses) Nohb and Dawn J. Bennett*a Received 3rd September 2009, Accepted 6th November 2009 First published as an Advance Article on the web 5th January 2010 DOI: 10.1039/b918213f In this paper we present a numerical and experimental investigation of a chaotic mixer in a microchannel via low frequency switching transverse electroosmotic flow. By applying a low frequency, square-wave electric field to a pair of parallel electrodes placed at the bottom of the channel, a complex 3D spatial and time-dependence flow was generated to stretch and fold the fluid. This significantly enhanced the mixing effect. The mixing mechanism was first investigated by numerical and experimental analysis. The effects of operational parameters such as flow rate, frequency, and amplitude of the applied voltage have also been investigated. It is found that the best mixing performance is achieved when the frequency is around 1 Hz, and the required mixing length is about 1.5 mm for the case of applied electric potential 5 V peak-to-peak and flow rate 75 mLhÀ1. The mixing performance was significantly enhanced when the applied electric potential increased or the flow rate of fluids decreased. Introduction flow on heterogeneous surface charges with non-uniform, time- independent zeta potentials.19,20 The heterogeneous surface can Micromixing is a critical process in miniaturized analysis systems be generated by coating the microchannel walls with different 1–4 such as lab-on-a-chip and microfluidic devices. -
The Effect of Hedonic Motivation and Consumer Attitudes Towards Purchase Decision on K-Pop CD Albums (Study on KPOPSURABAYA Community)
The Effect of Hedonic Motivation and Consumer Attitudes Towards Purchase Decision on K-Pop CD Albums (Study on KPOPSURABAYA Community) Devita Anggraini Lestari1, Monika Tiarawati2 State University of Surabaya [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: The rapid enthusiasm of Korean pop music or K-Pop is very high among the millennial generation. The mushrooming of online music streaming like Joox, Spotify, Apple music has made the CD album sales threatened. However, K-Pop fans apparently are still enthusiastic about buying a CD album even though the price is quite expensive. This study discusses the hedomic motivations and consumers attitudes towards purchasing decisions. This type of research used in this study is a combination of purposive sampling techniques. Data collection is done by using an online questionnaire using Google forms. The statistical analysis used in this study uses SPSS and data analysis techniques in this study use the classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. It can be explained that the results of the analysis show that hedonic motivations and consumer attitudes has significant influential on purchasing decisions. Keywords: Consumer Attitudes, Hedonic Motivation, Purchase Decision INTRODUCTION The mushrooming of boyband’s or girlband’s concert tours in Indonesia shows that how much Korean music is more interested in this country compared to other countries' musicians marked by a Super Junior concert titled Super Show 4 on April 2012 in Indonesia that makes Indonesian music fans love them. Indonesia became a stop on their concert tour, such as BIGBANG, 2NE1, 2PM, to BTS. According to Franki Raden (2014) in (Zaini, 2017), the development of K-pop due to the availability of infrastructure and mechanisms, Korea has succeeded in instilling awareness of the importance of music in people's daily lives. -
Cultural Production in Transnational Culture: an Analysis of Cultural Creators in the Korean Wave
International Journal of Communication 15(2021), 1810–1835 1932–8036/20210005 Cultural Production in Transnational Culture: An Analysis of Cultural Creators in the Korean Wave DAL YONG JIN1 Simon Fraser University, Canada By employing cultural production approaches in conjunction with the global cultural economy, this article attempts to determine the primary characteristics of the rapid growth of local cultural industries and the global penetration of Korean cultural content. It documents major creators and their products that are received in many countries to identify who they are and what the major cultural products are. It also investigates power relations between cultural creators and the surrounding sociocultural and political milieu, discussing how cultural creators develop local popular culture toward the global cultural markets. I found that cultural creators emphasize the importance of cultural identity to appeal to global audiences as well as local audiences instead of emphasizing solely hybridization. Keywords: cultural production, Hallyu, cultural creators, transnational culture Since the early 2010s, the Korean Wave (Hallyu in Korean) has become globally popular, and media scholars (Han, 2017; T. J. Yoon & Kang, 2017) have paid attention to the recent growth of Hallyu in many parts of the world. Although the influence of Western culture has continued in the Korean cultural market as well as elsewhere, local cultural industries have expanded the exportation of their popular culture to several regions in both the Global South and the Global North. Social media have especially played a major role in disseminating Korean culture (Huang, 2017; Jin & Yoon, 2016), and Korean popular culture is arguably reaching almost every corner of the world. -
A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Divinity of the University of Edinburgh for the Degree of Ph.D
THE RELATION OF ST. PAUL'S ETHICS TO HIS DOCTRINE OF SALVATION BY H. W. KSRLEY, B.A., B.D. A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF DIVINITY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH FOR THE DEGREE OF PH.D. THE RELATION OF ST. PAUL'S ETHICS TO HIS DOCTRINE OF SALVATION CONTENTS Page CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION................................ 1 CHAPTER TWO CONVERSION AND BACKGROUND................... 10 CHAPTER THREE THE DOCTRINE OF "IN CHRIST1"................. 60 CHAPTER FOUR THE NATURE OF: REDEMPTION.................... 106 CHAPTER FIVE THE NATURE OF JUSTIFICATION................. 145 CHAPTER SIX THE NATURE OF RECONCILIATION................ 182 CHAPTER SEVEN THE LIFE OF HOLINESS........................ £14 CHAPTER EIGHT ETHICAL PRESUPPOSITIONS..................... 248 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION In the epistles of St. Paul we find a remarkably well- developed theology. Ethical teaching is, however, by no means lacking. A brief survey is sufficient to show that a large proportion of his extant writings is devoted to practical advice and exhortation. Frequently the main body of ethical teaching follows the section in which his theology is developed and explained. Sometimes, as in the epistle to the Romans, the transition seems to be abrupt and the connection obscure. Possibly it is for this reason that there has been, at times, a tendency either to emphasize the doctrine or the ethic to the exclusion of the other, or to give more or less equal weight to both, and thus to emphasize the disconnection between the two. Some ages have taken St. Paul's doctrine without his ethic. Our own seems to be more concerned with ethics than with theology, and the attempt is made to establish morality without a doctrinal basis.