Nero John F. Drinkwater Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47264-7 — Nero John F. Drinkwater Index More Information

Index

In this index as in my text I have not striven for consistency or absolute accuracy in the naming of people (e.g. in the use of tria nomina) and places but give these in the form most familiar to anglophones. For help in running down topics, I also refer the reader to the chapter subheadings listed in the Contents.

a libellis,  political skills – Nero, accession of, , –, a rationibus, ,  , , , –, ,  Acilia, mother of Lucan, , ,  Queen Mother – rise, fall and rise, –, , Acte , , , , , –, , , aﬀair with Nero, –, , , , –,  –, ,  loyalty of, , ,  relationship with Acte, –,  subsequent status, , ,  relationship with Burrus,  admissio,  relationship with Galba,  adoption, ,  relationship with Nero, –, , , , Aedui,  –, , , –,  Aelia Catella,  relationship with Octavia,  Aelianus, Ti. Plautius Silvanus, , –, , relationship with Otho,  ,  relationship with Paris,  Aerarium militare,  relationship with Poppaea, ,  Aerarium/Fiscus, , , , , , , relationship with Senate, , , , , , , ,   Afranius Quintianus, ,  relationship with Seneca,  Africa, – Alans,  Africa, province,  Alba Longa,  six landowners of, ,  Albani,  Agerinus, ,  Alcmeon,  Agrippa Postumus,  Alcyonian Lake,  Agrippina I, grandmother of Nero, , , –, Alexander of Aegae,   Alexander the Great, ,  Agrippina II,  Alexandria, , , , ,  birth and early life, , , ,  Alexandria ad Issum/İskenderun,  n.  death, , –, , , , ,  Alexandria, wet-nurse, , ,  ﬁnancial skills, , , , , ,  Alienus Caecina,  fortune hunter,  Allobroges,  patronage of, , , , , , , , Amazons,   amber,  political legacy,  amici, , , –, , , , ,  political mistakes, , , ,  Andromachus, physician, ,  political skills – Claudius, , , –, , Anicetus, , , –, , ,  , , , , , –, , , , Anicius Cerealis,  , , ,  animus nocendi, 



Index 

Annaeus Mela, , , , , , ,  relationship with Helius,  Annaeus Serenus, , ,  sexual mores,  Annius Faustus,  training for war,  Annius Pollio,  Armenia Annius Vinicianus, , , – geography, society and strategic significance, relationship to Corbulo,  ,  Antigone,  Parthian intervention in, , ,  Antistius Sosianus, , , ,  Roman campaigning in, –,  Antistius Vetus, , , , , , , , Roman policy concerning, , –, ,   Antonia II, grandmother of Agrippina II, , , Roman reception of envoys from, , , , ,  ,  Antonia, daughter of Claudius, , , ,  army. See also Praetorian Guard involvement in Pisonian conspiracy, – attachment to blood heirs,  Antoninus Pius, princeps,  as citizen body, , ,  Antonius Diogenes,  cost of, ,  Antonius Natalis,  grand strategy?,  Anzio, , , ,  loyalty to Nero, , – Aphrodisias reliefs, –, ,  Nero and, –, –, , , , Aphrodite,  , , , , , –, ,  Apocolocyntosis, , , , , –, , , relationship with Principate,  , See also Seneca on Rhine, , – Apollo, ,  troop movements, , , , , –, and Nero, , , –, , –, , , , ,  , ,  Arrius Varus,  Aqua Marcia,  Artaxata,  aqua Neronis, ,  Arval priests, ,  Aquileia,  Arverni,  Aquilius Regulus, , ,  Asclepiodotus,  architecture/art, Neronian, – Asconius Labeo,  innovation,  Asia, province, , ,  renaissance/spike,  Assus, mint,  use of concrete,  Athens,  wall-painting, – auctoritas, , ,  aristocracy, Roman Augusta, as name and title, , , , , , attitude to Agrippina II, ,  ,  attitude to Burrus and Seneca,  Augustiani, , , , , ,  attitude to children,  abandon Nero,  attitude to Greek culture,  and Greek ‘triumph’, ,  attitude to own public performance, , political significance, , ,  –, , , ,  social significance,  attitude to poor,  Augustus, as title and name, ,  attitude to professional performance/ aula Caesaris. See court performers, –, ,  Aulus Plautius II, ,  attitude to taxation,  aurum coronarium,  complex pedigrees of, ,  Automata, , See also Heron of Alexandria degraded by Nero?, , , , – dynastic rivalry of, –, –, , , Bacoli,  – Agrippina II’s villa at,  negative attitude to Nero, , –, , Baetica, province,  , , , , , , , , Baiae, , , –,  , ,  Balbillus, prefect of Egypt,  political heterogeneity of,  Baltic,  positive attitude to Nero,  banqueting, , , , , , , , , public life of, ,  , , 

 Index

Barea Soranus, , ,  Caesennius Maximus,  trial and death, –,  Caesennius Paetus, , , , , ,  Bassus-aﬀair, , , ,  Caligula. See Gaius Bastarnae,  Callistus, a libellis, ,  Batavi,  Calpurnius Fabatus, ,  Benevento, , ,  Calpurnius Piso, L., senatorial commissioner, bequests, testamentary, , , , ,   Beryllus, ab epistulis Graecis,  Calpurnius Siculus, , , , , , Black Sea,  –,  piracy,  Calvia Crispinilla, , , ,  Roman intervention around, – as political actor,  strategic importance,  relationship with Galba,  Blitius Catulinus,  relationship with Macer,  bona caduca,  Camerini, ,  bona damnatorum, , ,  Campania bona vacantia,  ‘navigations’, , , ,  Bosporan kingdom, ,  villas in, – Boudica, , , , ,  Campus Martius,  Brindisi, ,  Canace,  Britain, , , , , , , , ,  canals, , , , ,  Boudican revolt, , , , , ,  Capitol hill,  Boudican revolt, date of,  Cappadocia, province, , ,  threat of withdrawal from,  Caracalla, princeps,  Britannicus, , , ,  Caratacus, ,  Agrippina II and, , , ,  Carmina Einsidlensia, , – death of, , , , –, , , , Carnuntum,  ,  carpentum,  sexual abuse of,  Cartagena,  as threat to Nero, , , ,  Caspian Sea,  buildings Caspian/Caucasian Gates, ,  ‘public’ and ‘private’,  Cassius Chaerea, ,  Burrus, praetorian prefect Cassius Dio,  death and replacement, , , , –, on Agrippina II, , , , ,  ,  on Corbulo, ,  early career, ,  on Cornutus,  relationship with Agrippina II, , , , on Domus Aurea,  , , –, –,  on incest between Nero and Agrippina II,  relationship with Nero, ,  on Nero, , , , –, , , , relationship with Octavia, , ,  , –, , ,  relationship with Poppaea, ,  on Nero’s rapacity,  relationship with Seneca,  on Otho,  role in Acte aﬀair,  on Poppaea,  role in death of Agrippina II, –,  on Principate,  role in death of Britannicus,  on Scribonii,  Bush, George W.,  on Seneca,  on Sporus,  Caecina Tuscus, prefect of Egypt, , , , on Tigellinus,   Cato II, ,  Caedicia,  Caucasus expedition, , –, , , Caelian hill,   Caesar, as name and title,  abandonment of, , ,  Caesar, Gaius,  court attitude to,  Caesar, Lucius,  strategy,  Caesarea-in-Cappadocia Celer, architect,  mint,  Cerealia, , 

Index 

Ceres,  pattern of production, , , – Cervarius Proculus,  reformed, chronology, , , – Cestius Gallus,  reformed, eagle and standard type, ,  Cestius Severus, ,  reformed, effect of,  Chaeremon of Alexandria,  reformed, evidence for depraved Nero?, , charioteering, , , , , – ,  children, aristocratic, ,  reformed, extent of technical expertise chlamys, – required,  Christians/Christianity, , , , –, , reformed, Hellenistic influence, ,  , , – reformed, improved types, , , – circles reformed, Nero’s role in,  aristocratic, socio-political, , , ,  reformed, no Domus Aurea types,  cithara, , , , See also lyre reformed, radiate crown on,  civil war, fear of, , , , , , , reformed, reasons for, –,  –, ,  reformed, relationship to economy,  centripetalism,  reformed, success of, ,  civilis princeps, , ,  tresviri monetales,  Claudia, daughter of Nero, , , , , coin-busts ,  facing,  title of Augusta, , ,  jugate, ,  Claudius Balbillus, prefect of Egypt, ,  Cologne,  Claudius of Smyrna, , ,  Colosseum, , , , , ,  Claudius Pollio,  Colossus, , , – Claudius Senecio, , , ,  uncompleted?,  Claudius, princeps, , , –, , , , , Columella, , , See also De re rustica , , , , , , , –, , , comitatus, – , , –, , , , , , Concordia,  , ,  congiaria,  death and deification of, , , , , , Consilium, –  constitutional status of, – relationship with Agrippina II, – dissatisfaction with Nero, , ,  as stop-gap,  failings of, , ,  temple, , –,  flexibility, –,  unpopularity, , , –, , , , , legal business, –, , , , ,  , , ,  main work under Nero, , , , ,  clemency, , , , , , , , , membership, , , ,  , See also De clementia military business, , ,  Clermont-Ferrand,  Nero’s dependence upon, , , , , Clunia,  , , ,  Cluvidienus Quietus,  reaction to Vindex, ,  Cluvius Rufus, , , , ,  rejection of Nero, , ,  Coenus,  structure and procedure, –, ,  cognitiones, ,  venues,  cohortes urbanae, –, ,  Consolatio ad Polybium,  coinage Constantine I, princeps,  advertises prominent Julio-Claudians, , , consul ordinarius, , ,   consul suffectus, ,  Apollo-type, ,  consulship, , , , – date of Janus temple type,  recruitment, ,  debasement, ,  contubernium,  denominations,  Corbulo EX SC/SC, , ,  ambition, ,  of Galba,  early career, –,  of Macer, ,  involvement in Vinician conspiracy, , of Vindex,  –

 Index

Corbulo (cont.) Danube, , ,  loyalty, , ,  Darial pass, – memoirs,  De bello civili, –, –, , See also relationship to Annius Vinicianus,  Lucan relationship with Agrippina II, , –, De clementia, , –, , See also Seneca , ,  as advertisement for absolute power,  relationship with Faenius Rufus, , , authorial strategy,  ,  purpose, ,  relationship with Nero,  De materia medica, , See also Pedanius relationship with Pisonian conspirators,  Dioscurides relationship with Poppaea,  De re rustica, , , See also Columella role in Armenian campaign, , –, Dea Syria, –,  –,  decapitation, ,  role in Caucasus expedition, , ,  declamatio,  role in Jewish war, ,  deiﬁcation, , , –, ,  status, –, , –,  delatores, , –, , , – suicide, , , , –, ,  Delphi,  Corinth, , , , ,  Demeter, ,  canal, , , , – Dido of Carthage,  Cornelius Marcellus,  dignitas,  Cornelius Martialis,  Dio Cassius. See Cassius Dio Cornelius Tuscus, prefect of Egypt Dio Chrysostom, ,  relationship with Nero,  Diodorus, citharode,  Cornutus, , – dispensatores, ,  relationship to Pisonian conspiracy,  dissidence/dissimulation, –, , , ,  corona civica,  Dnieper,  Cossutianus Capito, ,  Dominate,  Cotys,  Domitia Lepida, younger aunt of Nero, ,  court,  Domitia, elder aunt of Nero, , , , , aims of, , , ,   banter and gossip, , , –, , , , relationship with Nero,  , –, , , , , , , Domitian, princeps, , , ,  , , , , –, ,  Domitius Afer corruption at, , ,  as vicegerent,  entertainment,  Domitius Ahenobarbus, Gn., father of Nero, , exclusion from, –,  ,  frankness, , , –, –, , , domus (aristocratic family), , , , ,  ,  domus (aristocratic home), ,  in Greece,  Domus Aurea, – as idea-exchange,  acquisition of land for, , ,  inclusivity of,  architectural precedents,  loyal opposition, ,  cost, , , , –, , , , personnel, –, ,  ,  politics, –, , , , , , , decoration, , , , , , ,  , , , – Domus Tiberiana/Neronian palace as core of, secession from, , ,   status of membership of, ,  extent and location, , , , ,  Crimea,  function, , , , , , , , Curiatus Maternus,  , – Curtius Montanus, ,  Pavilion, , , , , , –, Cyrenaica, province,  , –, , ,  post-Neronian use and destruction, , – Dacians,  revolving ceiling, ,  Damascus,  technological innovation in,  damnatio memoriae,  uncompleted, , , 

Index 

domus Caesaris, , , ,  Famulus, painter,  Domus Tiberiana/Neronian palace, , , , finance. See economy, fiscal system –, , , , ,  Fire of Rome, , , , ,  chronology,  cause of, , –, ,  Domus Transitoria, , , , –, course of,  –, –, , , , , , damage done by, , ,  , ,  drama of,  donatives,  fighting of, , –,  Doryphorus, a libellis, , , , ,  financial appeals after, ,  Doryphorus/Pythagoras,  psychological consequences of, , , , doublespeak, , –,   dream succession, , , , , See also sources, –,  succession issue subsequent rebuilding, , , , , Drusilla, sister of Gaius,  –, , , , , ,  Drusus I, grandfather of Agrippina II, ,  fires in Rome, other, , , , ,  Ducenius Geminus, A., senatorial commissioner, fiscal system  corruption, , ,  Dyrrachium,  experts, role of, , –, – income and expenditure, general,  economy income and expenditure, Neronian, – comparative data,  Nero’s intervention in,  disruption,  rationes imperii/state accounts,  expansion, ,  state assets, alienation of, ,  imperial GDP,  strengths, Neronian, , , , –, relationship to coinage,   Egloge, , ,  strengths, structural, , , –,  Egypt, , , , ,  taxation as a cause of the fall of Nero?, –, Eleusis,   Epaphroditus, a libellis, , ,  taxation, as main business of Principate, Ephesus  mint,  taxation, direct, , ,  Epicharis, –, ,  taxation, extraordinary, –, ,  Epictetus, , , ,  taxation, indirect, , , , , , Epicureanism,  , ,  Eprius Marcellus, , , ,  weaknesses, Neronian?, –, ,  Esquiline hill, , ,  weaknesses, structural, –,  Ethiopia/Abyssinia, , ,  Fiscus. See Aerarium/Fiscus Eucaerus,  Flavian dynasty, , ,  Eumolpus, , ,  Flavius Nepos,  Euphrates,  Flavius Sabinus, T., praefectus urbi,  Flavius Scaevinus, ,  Fabius Rusticus,  fleet, Misenum, , , , ,  Fabius Valens, ,  loyalty to Nero, ,  Fabricius Veiento,  Floralia,  fabula togata,  Fonteius Capito, , , , ,  Faenius Rufus, praetorian prefect relationship with troops,  early career, , ,  role in the revolt of Vindex,  promoted praetorian prefect, , ,  Fortune, temple, ,  relationship with Agrippina II, ,  freedmen, imperial, , – relationship with Corbulo, , ,  as ‘civil service’,  relationship with Nero, , ,  in Consilium,  relationship with Pisonian conspirators and court-milieu of,  death, , , , ,  desire for continuity, , , ,  relationship with Seneca,  legal duties,  relationship with Tigellinus, ,  loyalty, 

 Index

freedmen, imperial (cont.) outer space,  status, , –, , , , , , , renaissance/spike,  ,  German guards, , , , ,  wealth,  donatives, ,  Fucine Lake,  Germanicus, grandfather of Nero, , , –, , , –,  Gaius, princeps, , , –, , , , , , Germany, Lower and Upper, ,  , , , , , , , , , Glitius Gallus,  , –, , , , , , , Golden Age, , , , , –,  , , , , , , , , Golden Day, –  Golden House. See Domus Aurea Galatia, province, ,  Greece Galba, princeps, , , , ,  deaths in, , –,  character,  freedom of, , , , ,  early life, , , ,  Nero, attitude to, , –,  reaction of political community to,  Nero, Greek trip, , , , , , , reaction to Vesontio/Besançon,  ,  relationship with Agrippina II,  Nero, Greek trip, dates, ,  relationship with Calvia Crispinilla,  Nero, Greek trip, induced to make?, – relationship with Icelus,  Nero, Greek trip, induced to return from?,  relationship with Macer,  Nero, Greek trip, reasons for, , –,  relationship with Nymphidius Sabinus, – Nero, Greek trip, reluctance to ﬁnish,  relationship with Otho,  Nero, Greek trip, success of,  relationship with Verginius Rufus,  Nero’s popularity in,  relationship with Vindex, , –,  taxation of, , , ,  relationship with Vinius,  revolt of, , , , , ,  Hadrian, princeps, , , ,  revolt, chronology, , ,  Halotus,  revolt, government reaction to,  Hardy, Thomas,  revolt, signiﬁcance of, ,  Helius, ,  in Spain, , ,  death of,  Spanish ‘senate’, , ,  deaths under as vicegerent, –, ,  terms of acceptancy by political community,  killer of M. Junius Silanus,  Gallio, L, Junius Annaeanus,  as vicegerent, , , , , – Ganges,  as vicegerent, relationship with plebs,  gardens, in Rome. See horti as vicegerent, relationship with political Gaul, , , , , , –, , , community, , , , – – Hellenism, , , , , , –, terror Gallicus, –, ,  –, –,  Gavius Silvanus, ,  Hellenistic kingship, , –, , , generals, , , , – –,  aversion to civil war, ,  Helvidius Priscus, ,  as dynastic outsiders,  Heraclea Chersonesus,  loyalty to Nero, , , , , , , Hercules,  , , , , ,  Heron of Alexandria, , See also Automata, and Neronian regime, –, , –, Mechanica , , –, ,  historical novel, ,  relationship with Vindex,  Hollywood,  geography, Neronian, – Horace,  Africa and Indian Ocean,  Horn of Africa,  Baltic and Scandinavia,  horti Black Sea,  Lamiani,  Ethiopia/Abyssinia,  Maecenatis, , ,  in Greek novels,  Maini,  Nile source, ,  Serviliani, , , , –

Index 

Iberia, kingdom,  law, legal business. See Consilium, Nero, Senate Icelus legati Augusti,  career,  legions role in revolt of Galba, , , , ,  I Adiutrix,  Imperator, as title and name, , , , , , I Italica, , , ,  ,  I Macriana,  imperium, ,  III Augusta,  incest, , , , , ,  IX Hispana,  India,  V Macedonica,  Indian Ocean,  VI Victrix, – indulgentia,  VII Galbiana,  interpretatio prava,  XIV Gemina, ,  intracubicular trials, ,  Lepida, wife of Cassius Longinus,  cubiculum-as-oﬃce,  lex de imperio, , , , ,  Iuvenalia, , , , –, , , , lex Iulia,   lex portorii Asiae/Monumentum Ephesenum, –,  James, Duke of York, , ,  liberalitas,  Janus, temple, , , , ,  Licinius Crassus Frugi, M.,  Jerusalem, –,  lictors, ,  Jewish revolt, , , –, , , , , Lingones,  , , , ,  literature, Neronian, –,  Jews/Judaism, , , –,  aristocratic involvement in,  Josephus,  classicism v. modernism, ,  on Black Sea region,  foolhardiness of writers, ,  Julia Livilla,  Greek,  Julia Silana,  neo-Augustanism, –,  Julius Agricola, ,  political pressure on writers?, –, , , Julius Agrippa,  , , ,  Julius Alexander, Tib., prefect of Egypt, ,  princeps as patron,  secret supporter of Galba?, , ,  reading-circle,  Julius Altinus,  renaissance/spike, – Julius Augurinus,  social veracity of, ,  Julius Caesar, , , , , ,  Livilla, sister of Gaius,  Julius Classicianus,  Ljubljana,  Julius Montanus, , , –,  Locusta,  Junia Silana, ,  London, Great Fire of, , ,  Junii Silani, family, , , ,  Longinus, C. Cassius, , , , , , , , Junius Gallio,  ,  Junius Silanus I, L. (d. ), ,  Lucan. See also De bello civili Junius Silanus II, L. (d. ), , ,  aim in writing De bello civili, ,  Junius Silanus, D. (d. ), , , ,  character, , ,  Junius Silanus, M. (d. ), , ,  geographical knowledge of,  Jupiter, Capitoline, ,  origins and career,  Juvenal,  and Pisonian conspiracy, , , , , Juvenal, scholiast  on Statilia Messalina,  poetic technique, ,  reaction of contemporaries to,  Khartoum,  relationship with Nero, , , –, , kingship ,  Roman hatred of, , ,  Lucrine Lake,  kingsmen, , ,  Ludi Maximi, , , ,  Larcius,  Lugdunensis, province,  Laus Pisonis, , , –, – Lusius Geta, 

 Index

Lyon, , , ,  birth and early life, , , , – mint, ,  break-outs, , , , , –, –, lyre, , , , See also cithara , , , , ,  character and morality, , , , –, , Macer, Clodius , , , –, , , , death,  –, , , , , –, , relationship with Calvia Crispinilla,  , –, , –, , –, relationship with Galba,  , , , –, –, , , relationship with Vindex,  , , , –, –, –, revolt of,  , , , , –, , ,  revolt, aims,  clothing,  revolt, chronology,  fall and death, , , , , , – revolt, signiﬁcance of, ,  false Neros, , , ,  Maecenas, Tower of,  hair-styles, ,  maiestas, , , , , , , ,  mental health, , , , , , , Marcellus Cornelius,  , –, –, , , , , Marcius Festus,  , –, –, , , ,  Marius Celsus,  not subject to damnatio memoriae,  Mars Ultor, temple,  physical appearance and health, , , , Marseille,  , , , , –, , ,  Martial,  princeps Saturnalicius?,  on the Domus Aurea,  princeps, accession and legitimacy, , , , Masada,  , , , ,  masks, theatrical, , ,  princeps, attitude to duties of, , , , , Maximus Scaurus,  , , , , , , , , , Mechanica, , See also Heron of Alexandria , , –, , , , –, Melanippe,  , , , , –, , , , Memmius Regulus, ,  , , –,  Menecrates, ,  princeps, consulships, , ,  Mercury,  princeps, court of, ,  Meroë,  public buildings of, , , , , , Messalina, wife of Claudius, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  , ,  Milichus,  reaction to criticism, , –, , , Minucius Thermus,  ,  Misenum, , , See also ﬂeet reaction to Vindex,  Mithras, –,  relationship to law, , ,  Moesia, province,  relationship with Acte, , , –,  morality, Roman,  relationship with Agrippina II, –, , , Mucianus, Licinius, ,  –, , , –, , , , Munatius Gratus,  –, , , , ,  Musonius Rufus, , , ,  relationship with Anicetus,  relationship with Antonia,  Naples, , –, , , , , –, relationship with Apollo, , –, , , , ,  , ,  Narcissus, ab epistulis, ,  relationship with Asconius Labeo,  Naturalis Historia, ,  relationship with Beryllus,  Neophytus,  relationship with Burrus,  Nero, , ,  relationship with Cornelius Tuscus,  accessibility of, , , , , , , relationship with Cornutus, – ,  relationship with Domitia,  attitude to criticism, ,  relationship with equites,  attitude to foreign travel, , , , , relationship with intelligentsia, , , , , , , , , ,  , , , ,  attitude to Greeks, ,  relationship with Lucan, –, 

Index 

relationship with Macer,  , , , –, , , –, relationship with Octavia, ,  , –, , –, –, , relationship with Passienus,  , , , –, –, , , relationship with Petronius Arbiter,  , , , , , , –,  relationship with Piso, ,  Neronia I, , , , , , ,  relationship with Poppaea, , , , , Neronia II, , , ,  , , , , , , , , Neronian Age?,  , , ,  Neronosnesus, ,  relationship with Senate, , , , , , Neropolis, ,  , –, , , –, , , , Nerva, princeps, , , , –,  , , , , , , , , Nile, –,   Niobe, ,  relationship with Seneca, , , , , Nonius Attianus, ,  –,  Novius Priscus,  relationship with Sporus, , –, , Numidia, province,   nutrices, ,  relationship with Statilia Messalina, , , nutritores,  , ,  Nymphidius Sabinus, praetorian prefect,  relationship with Tigellinus, ,  background and career, , , , , relationship with women, , ,   religion and ideology, , , , , eclipses Tigellinus, ,  –, , , , –, , relationship with Galba, , – –, , –, –, , , relationship with Helius,  , , –, ,  role in revolt of Galba, ,  responsible for a carnival of fear?, –, , , , , ,  Octavia, drama, , , , , ,  responsible for cold-blooded murder?, , , Octavia, wife of Nero, , ,  , , , , –, , , , betrothal and marriage to Nero, , , , , , , , , , –, , ,  –, –, , , –, , political role, , , , , , , , –  responsible for persecution of Christians?,  popularity, , , –,  responsible for proﬁteering?,  relationship with Agrippina II,  responsible for state-bankruptcy?, , , relationship with Nero,  , , , , –, , –, removal and death, , , –, , , , , –, , , , ,   responsiblefortheFireof?, , , sterility, , , – –, ,  Oedipus,  satirist and writer, , , – Olbia,  sportsman, actor, musician, , , –, Olympia,  , , –, , , , , reliefs, –,  –, –, , , –, , , Oplontis, villa, ,  , , , , ,  Oppian hill,  street-brawling, –, , , –, optimus princeps,   Orestes,  success and popularity, , , –, , , Ostia, , , ,  –, , , , , , , , –, Ostorius Scapula II, ,  , , , , , , –, , Otho, princeps, , , , ,  –, , , , , , , , marries and loses Poppaea, ,   posted to Lusitania, –, , ,  triumphs, , , , , , , , relationship with Agrippina II,  , – relationship with Galba,  upbringing and culture, , , , – relationship with Nero, , , , , , viliﬁcation and historiography, –, , ,  –, , , , , , , , role in Galba’s revolt, 

 Index

Paccius Africanus, , , ,  death,  Paconius Agrippinus,  motivation,  Padua,  relationship with Antonia,  Paetus, accuser of Burrus, , ,  relationship with Calpurnius Siculus,  Palatine hill, , , , , , , , , relationship with Nero, , , ,  , ,  relationship with Seneca,  Pallas, a rationibus, –, , , , ,  suitability as challenger to Nero, ,  accused of treason,  Pisonian conspiracy, , , – relationship with Nero,  aims, , ,  removal from oﬃce, , , ,  celebration of suppression of, ,  wealth, ,  conspiracy or conspiracies?,  paludamentum, – course of, –, ,  Pammenes,  exposure and suppression, – panegyric, – leadership, , , ,  and the divinity of principes,  level of success, ,  role of,  membership, , –, , , , , Paneros, ‘the Monkey’, ,  –, ,  Paris, dancer, ,  modelled on, , ,  Parthia, , , ,  motivation, –,  Passienus, Crispus, husband of Agrippina II, , political impact of, , ,   provokes reign of terror?, , –, ,  service in Asia,  punishment, –, , , ,  pater patriae, title,  reaction of political community to, –, , patrimonium, , , See also Aerarium/Fiscus  Patrobius, , , , ,  relationship to Fire of ?,  patronage, , , , , , , , , weaknesses of, , –,   Plautia Urgulanilla, ,  Paulina, wife of Seneca, ,  Plautius Lateranus, , ,  Pausanias,  plebs, Roman, , , , , , , –, on Nero,  , , , –, , –, , Pedanius Dioscurides, , See also De materia , , , –, , , ,  medica congiaria,  Pedanius Secundus,  Pliny I, , , , , , , , , Pelago,  , , , , , ,  Pepys, Samuel,  Pliny II, , , ,  Periander of Corinth,  Plutarch, ,  Periplus Maris Erythraei,  on Macer,  Persius, ,  on Nero, , ,  relationship with Nero, ,  on Nero’s rapacity,  Petinus, ,  poison, , ,  Petronius Arbiter, , , , See also Satyricon police-state?, ,  accusation and death, , , ,  Pollitta,  as author,  Polyclitus, , , , , , , ,  charges against Nero, ,  Pompeius Paulinus. A., senatorial commissioner, relationship with Nero, ,   Petronius Priscus,  Pompey the Great, –,  Petronius Turpilianus, ,  Ponticus, freedman,  Phaon, a rationibus, –, , , ,  Pontus, kingdom, ,  Philostratus Pontus, province,  on Tigellinus,  Pope, Alexander,  Piso, Calpurnius, C., leader of Pisonian Poppaea, wife of Nero conspiracy birth and early life, , , ,  activities and interests, ,  character and appearance, ,  addressee of Laus Pisonis?, , ,  children of, , , , , , , background and character, ,  , , , , , , 

Index 

extravagance of,  princeps, as supreme patron, , , , marriage to Nero, , , ,  , , , , , , , , miscarriage, death and burial, , , , ,  , , , , , ,  princeps, as warrior, –, , , , , political ambitions and influence, –, , , ,  , , , , , –, , , princeps, open to challenge/assassination, ,  –, , , ,  political weaknesses, , , ,  princeps, relationship with fiscal system,  relationship with Agrippina II, – principes, property and spending of, ,  relationship with Nero,  relationship to the divine, , –, , relationship with Otho,  ,  relationship with Seneca and Burrus,  relationship with Senate, , , , , , relationship with Tigellinus, ,  , , – role in death of Agrippina II, –,  Restored Republic, , , , , , , , title of Augusta, ,  , , , , , , , ,  praefectus Aegypti. See prefect of Egypt sovereignty remains with SPQR, , , , praefectus annonae, , ,  ,  praefectus urbi, , ,  Publius Anteius, ,  praefectus vigilum, , ,  Publius Celer,  Praetorian Guard, , –, , , , , , Publius Gallus, ,  , , , ,  Puteoli, , , ,  and Corinth canal,  Pythagoras/Doryphorus,  and death of Agrippina II, ,  Pythicus,  donatives, , ,  involvement in Pisonian conspiracy, , Quinquatria,  –, , ,  quinquennium Neronis, ,  loyalty to Nero, –, , , –,  Quintus Veranius,  negative attitude to Nero,  Quo Vadis?, ,  political role of, , , , ,  turned against Nero,  radiate crown,  under senatorial command,  Red Sea,  Praetorian prefect, , ,  Restored Republic. See princeps/Principate Prasutagus, , ,  Rhandeia, ,  prefect of Egypt, , ,  rhetoric prefectus praetorio. See Praetorian prefect language of,  primogeniture, ,  literary impact, ,  princeps/Principate,  socio-political culture of, , , , , acceptance of by political community, , , ,  , , , , , , , ,  Rome Augustan origins and power, , –, , food supply, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  , , ,  as living museum,  constitutional paradox, –, , , , mint,  –, , , , , ,  plague of ,  continuity in administration,  role of, ,  demands of on principes, ,  Rome and Venus, temple,  dependence on army, , ,  Roxolani,  direction of historical travel, , – Rubellius Plautus dyarchy?,  banishment,  flexibility, , , , , , , , , death, , , , ,  , ,  family of,  lack of intellectual justification, , , , refusal to revolt, ,  ,  as threat to Nero, , ,  legal process under, –,  Stoicism, ,  princeps, as public performer,  Rubria, –

 Index

Rubrius Gallus, ,  Seneca, , , See also Apocolocyntosis, De Rufrius Crispinus I, , ,  clementia Rufrius Crispinus II, ,  birth and early career, ,  character, , , , , , , , salutatio, ,  ,  Salvidienus Orfitus, Ser., ,  dramatist, ,  samizdat,  political aims/influence, , , , , , Sardinia, ,  , , , ,  Sariolenus Vocula, ,  relationship with Agrippina II, , , , Sarmatians, ,  , , , –, –,  Saturnalia, ,  relationship with Burrus,  princeps Saturnalicius, ,  relationship with Faenius Rufus,  rex Saturnalicius,  relationship with Nero, , –, , , Satyricon, , , , , , , See also –, , , , , , , , Petronius Arbiter  proper name,  relationship with Piso,  Scaevinus,  relationship with Poppaea, ,  Scandinavia,  relationship with Senate, , , ,  science, Neronian, – role in Acte affair,  agriculture,  role in death of Agrippina II, , – mechanics,  role in death of Britannicus,  optics, ,  role in Pisonian conspiracy, , ,  pharmacology, –,  scientific interests, , ,  status of experts,  Stoicism, , , , ,  technology, , , , , , ,  wealth and financial acumen, , , , veterinary medicine,  , , , , ,  Scribonianus,  withdrawal and death, , , , , , Scribonii brothers, , , –,  , , ,  Scythians,  Seneca I, father of Seneca,  Second Sophistic, ,  sententia,  Sejanus, praetorian prefect Septimius Severus, princeps,  as vicegerent, ,  Sequani,  Senate Servilia, , ,  accession of Nero, role in, ,  Severus, architect,  attitude to maiestas law,  Sextia,  business, administrative, , , , , , Silius Italicus, ,  , , , , ,  silk,  business, legal, –, , , , , , Sinope  fleet,  business, religious,  Spain,  business, venues,  Sparta,  lack of positive resistance to principes, – spectacula, , , , –,  legal privileges of,  spices,  recruitment, , ,  Spiculus, , , , , , ,  relationship with Agrippina II, , ,  Sporus/‘Poppaea’, , , , , , relationship with Helius,  –, , , , –,  relationship with Nero, –, , , , , Statilia Messalina, wife of Nero,  , , –, , , , , , , character and appearance,  , , , , , , , , marriage to Nero, , , , ,  ,  political ability,  role in Principate, , , , , , , –, relationship with Sporus,  , , , – subsequent career,  tradition, , –, , , , , , title of Augusta,  , , , , , , , , Statius,   Statius Domitius, 

Index 

Statius Proxumus,  on coin reform,  Stoicism, , , , , , –, , on Corbulo, , ,   on death of Agrippina II, , ,  Stoic opposition?, ,  on delatores,  Subiaco, villa,  on Domus Aurea,  Subrius Flavus, , –, , , , on Doryphorus,  ,  on Faenius Rufus, ,  succession issue, , –, , , , , on the Fire,  , –, , –, , , , on fiscal matters, ,  , , , , , , –, , as historian, , , , , ,  , See also dream succession on incest between Nero and Agrippina II,  Sudd,  on Junia Silana,  Suetonius,  on M. Junius Silanus,  on Christians, ,  as moralist, , , – on the Colossus, ,  on Nero, , –, , –, , , , , on death of Agrippina II,  , , , , , , , , , on Domus Aurea,  , , , , , ,  on fiscal matters,  on Nero’s generosity,  on Galba,  on Nero’s rapacity,  on Greece,  on Octavia,  on incest betweeen Nero and Agrippina II, on Otho,   on Piso,  on Lucan,  on the Pisonian conspiracy, , , – on Nero, , , , , , , , –, on Poppaea, ,  , , , , , , , –, on Seneca,  –, , ,  on Suetonius Paullinus I,  on Nero’s flight and death,  on the secret of Empire,  on Nero’s rapacity,  on the Senate,  on Otho,  on Thrasea Paetus,  on Poppaea,  on Tigellinus,  on the Roman plebs,  on Vindex,  on the Vinician conspiracy,  on the Vinician conspiracy,  Suetonius Paullinus I, , –,  Tarraconensis, province, , ,  Suetonius Paullinus II,  taxation. See fiscal system suicide, , –, , , , , , team, government by, –, , –, , , –,  , , , , , , , , Suillius Rufus, , ,  , –, , –, , ,  Sulla, Faustus Cornelius Thalamus, barber,  banishment, ,  Theatre of Pompey, – death, ,  Thrasea Paetus as threat to Nero, ,  circle and family,  Sulpicius Asper,  co-operation with Nero, , , , , , Sulpicius Camerinus,   Syene,  as public performer,  Syria, province, , , ,  relationship with Nero, , ,  secession, ,  Tacitus Stoicism, ,  on Aerarium/Fiscus,  trial and death, , , –, ,  on Agrippina II, , , –, , , , Thyestes,  ,  Tiberius Gemellus, ,  on Antonia,  Tiberius, princeps, , , , , , , , on Armenian crisis,  , , ,  on Augustiani,  Tigellinus, praetorian prefect on Britannicus,  banquet, , , , , , , , on Christians, , –,  , , , , , 

 Index

Tigellinus, praetorian prefect (cont.) as writer, ,  birth and career, , , , , ,  Vesontio/Besançon,  character, ,  battle of, , ,  eclipsed by Nymphidius Sabinus,  battle of, significance,  political ability,  siege of,  political influence, , , , , , Vespasian, princeps, –, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  , , , , ,  political weaknesses, , , ,  relationship with Nero, , , ,  relationship to Fire,  relationship with Verginius Rufus,  relationship with Faenius Rufus, , ,  Vesta, temple,  relationship with Nero, , , , , Vestal Virgins, , , –  Vestinus Atticus, , ,  relationship with Poppaea, ,  death of, –,  reputation,  political threat of,  Tigranes, –,  Vestinus, prefect of Egypt,  Tigris,  Vibius Crispus, ,  Tiridates, , , , –,  vicegerency of Empire,  reception of, –, , , , , , Vienne,  , , –, , , , , , vigiles. See watch and fire-service ,  Viminal hill,  Titus, princeps, , ,  Vindex Tivoli, , , ,  as constitutional innovator,  Trajan, baths of, ,  attitude to Nero,  Trajan, princeps, , ,  relationship with Galba, ,  Treveri,  relationship with generals, , ,  Trimalchio, ,  relationship with Verginius Rufus,  triumphs, ,  revolt of, ,  of , – revolt, aims, – Troy-story, , , , , , ,  revolt, chronology, , , ,  Turpilianus, Petronius, , , ,  revolt, defeat and death,  Tyras,  revolt, government action to counter, –, ,  Ummidia Quadratilla,  Roman suspicion of as Gaul,  Ummidius Quadratus,  as senator, ,  urban cohorts. See cohortes urbanae war against, , , , –,  usurper/tyrant,  Vinician conspiracy, , , , –, ,  Valerius Asiaticus,  Vinicianus, Annius,  Vatican hill, ,  Vinius Rufinus, T. Vatinius,  character and career,  Velian hill,  role in revolt of Galba, ,  venationes,  Virgil, , , –,  Venetus Paulus,  virtus, , ,  Verginius Flavus, ,  Vitellius I, –,  Verginius Rufus,  interest group of, , ,  destruction of Vindex, ,  as vicegerent, ,  loyal to Nero, , , , ,  Vitellius II, princeps, , , , , ,  rejection of purple, –,  revolt of,  relationship with Galba,  Vologaeses, , , , , – relationship with troops, ,  Volusius Proculus,  relationship with Vindex,  Vulcacius Araricus,  role in revolt of Vindex, , ,  Vulcacius Tullinus, ,  subsequent career and epitaph,  Vulcan, , 

Index 

warfare degraded by Nero?, , , , – cost, , , –, –, , ,  drama as relief from social constraints,  dangers of,  in politics, –, , , , , , , , Ethiopian campaign?, – , , ,  under Nero, , , , –,  relationship with Nero, , watch and ﬁre-service, –,   wet-nursing,  women Zenodorus, sculptor,  attitude of Roman males to,  Zoroastrianism, 