DOCSLIB.ORG

TS7700 Introduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Jim Fisher Advanced Technical Skills – North America [email protected] TS7700 Introduction © 2010 IBM Corporation Topics What is the TS7700 and Why Should I have one? TS7700 Product Overview Reclamation Host Console Request Support Logical Volume Copy Consistency Autonomic Ownership Takeover Manager Recent Enhancements © 2010 IBM Corporation Over 58 Years of Tape Innovation Starting in 1952 –IBM 726 Tape Unit • 7,500 characters per second • 100 bits per inch and continuing in 2008 –IBM TS1130 Tape Drive • up to 160MBps1 • up to 1TB1 • 321,000 bits per inch 2000 2002 2004 2007 LTO Gen1 LTO Gen2 LTO Gen3 LTO Gen4 1848 1952 1964 George Boole 1995 IBM 726 IBM 2104 invents IBM 3590 1st magnetic tape drive 1st read/back drive O P E N binary algebra E N T E R P R I S E 1928, IBM invents 1959 1984 1999 2003 2005 2008 the 80 column IBM 729 IBM 3480 IBM 3590E 3592 Gen1 3592 Gen2 3592 Gen3 Punch Card 1st read/write drive 1st cartridge drive 1 represents maximum native performance or cartridge capacity © 2010 IBM Corporation IBM Tape Technology History Year Product Capacity (MB) Transfer Rate (KB/s) 1952 IBM 726 1.4 7.5 1953 IBM 727 5.8 15 1957 IBM 729 23 90 1965 IBM 2401 46 180 1968 IBM 2420 46 320 1973 IBM 3420 180 1250 1984 IBM 3480 200 3000 1989 IBM 3490 200 4500 1991 IBM 3490E 400 9000 1992 IBM 3490E 800 9000 1995 IBM 3590-B1A 10,000/20,000 9000 1999 IBM 3590-E1A 20,000/40,000 14,000 2002 IBM 3590-H1A 30,000/60,000 14,000 2003 IBM 3592-J1A 300,000,000 40,000 2005 IBM 3592-E05 700,000,000 100,000 2008 IBM 3592-E06 1,000,000,000 160,000 © 2010 IBM Corporation VTS/TS7700 Evolution First Device Backend Host Host IO Virtual Logical Logical Cache Introduced Drive Interface Rate Drives Volumes Volume Size 1996 3495- 3590 ESCON 9 MB/sec 32 50,000 400, 800 144 GB B16 MB 1997 3494- 3590 ESCON 9 MB/sec 32 50,000 400, 800 144 GB B16 MB 1998 3494- 3590 ESCON 50 128 250,000 400, 800 1.7 TB B18 MB/sec MB 2001 3494- 3590 or ESCON 50 64 250,000 400 to 432 GB B10 3592 FICON MB/sec 2000 MB 2001 3494- 3590 ESCON 150 256 500,000 400 to 1.7 TB B20 and/or FICON MB/sec 4000 MB 3592 2006 TS7740 3592 FICON 600 256 1,000,000 400 to 6 TB MB/sec 4000 MB 2008 TS7740 3592 FICON 600 256 1,000,000 400 to 13.7 TB MB/sec 4000 MB 2008 TS7720 ---- FICON 600 256 1,000,000 400 to 70 TB MB/sec 4000 MB © 2010 IBM Corporation Why Do I Need a TS7700? Tape Technology has dramatically increased tape density –400 MB or 800 MB in the 1980s (3490E) –10 GB to 60 GB in the 1990s (3590) –60 GB to 1000 GB in the 2000s (3592) Average Mainframe dataset size is approximately 750 MB Typical tape usage is one dataset, one tape As tape density increases, how do I take advantage? VTS and now TS7700 –Presents image of 3490E tape drives and cartridges to host –“Stacks” logical volumes onto physical volumes –TS7700 manages mapping of logical to physical © 2010 IBM Corporation Main Benefits from Tape Virtualization Brings efficiency to the tape operation environment. Reduces batch window. Provides High Availability and disaster recovery configurations. Provides fast access to data through caching on disk. Provides utilization of current tape drive, tape media, and tape automation technology. Provides the capability of filling high capacity media 100%. Provides a large number of tape drives or concurrent use. Provides data consolidation, protection, and sharing. Requires no additional software. Reduces Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)idea © 2010 IBM Corporation Topics What is the TS7700 and Why Should I have one? TS7700 Product Overview Reclamation Host Console Request Support Logical Volume Copy Consistency Autonomic Ownership Takeover Manager Recent Enhancements © 2010 IBM Corporation Virtual Tape Concepts Virtual tape drives – Appear as multiple 3490E tape drives 100 101 1FF – Shared / partitioned like real tape drives . Virtual Virtual Virtual – Designed to provide enhanced job parallelism Drive Drive Drive – Requires fewer real tape drives 1 2 n – TS7700 offers 256 virtual drives per cluster Tape volume caching Tape Virtual Volume 1 – All data access is to disk cache Volume Virtual Volume 2 Cache – Removes common tape physical delays Virtual Volume n – Fast mount, positioning, load, demount – Up to 13.7 TB/70 TB of cache (uncompressed) Volume stacking (TS7740) Logical 3592 Volume 1 – Designed to fully utilize cartridge capacity up to 1000 GB native capacity – Helps reduces cartridge requirement Logical Volume n – Helps reduces footprint requirement © 2010 IBM Corporation Logical Volumes in TS7700 © 2010 IBM Corporation Host and TS7700 Basic Diagram © 2010 IBM Corporation TS7700 Architecture – Old versus New © 2010 IBM Corporation TS7700 - Scalability Common DASD, Multiple Elements - redundancy, capacity, attachments VNode VNode VNode VNode Management Interface VNode VNode DASD Cache HNode HNode Up to 16 VNodes Meta Data Up to 2 HNodes GNode GNode To Grid Physical Library and Clusters Drives Current delivery is a single GNode (VNode + HNode in same controller) © 2010 IBM Corporation TS7740 Virtualization Engine Components TS7740 Virtualization Engine (3957 Model V06) – Power5 architecture server based – Two dual-core, 64-bit, 1.9-GHz processors – Runs the V and H nodes TS7740 Cache Drawer (3956 Model CX6) – RAID array expansion – 16 15K 146GB FC HDDs – 1.5 TB usable capacity (after RAID and spares) TS7740 Cache Controller (3956 Model CC6) – Disk RAID array controller – 16 15K 146GB FC HDDs – 1.5 TB usable capacity (after RAID and spares) 3952 Model F05 Frame – Houses major components & support components – Dual Power The combination of the Virtualization Engine components is called a TS7700 Cluster © 2010 IBM Corporation TS7720 Virtualization Engine Components TS7720 Disk Only VTE (3957-VEA) – Power5++ architecture server based – Two dual-core, 64-bit, 2.1-GHz processors – Integrated Enterprise Library Controller TS7720 Cache Drawer (3956-SX7) – RAID array expansion (RAID 10) – 16 – 7.5K RPM 1 TB SATA HDDs – 10 TB Usable (after RAID and spares) TS7720 Cache Controller (3956-CS7) – Disk RAID array controller – 16 – 7.5K RPM 1 TB SATA HDDs – 10 TB Usable (after RAID and spares) 3952 Model F05 Frame(s) – Ethernet routers for service and management interface functions – Houses major components & support components –Dual Power © 2010 IBM Corporation TS7700 Internal Components © 2010 IBM Corporation TS7700 - Capabilities Tape Volume Cache – TS7740 zSeries Attachment • RAID5 – FC Drives • 1 to 13.7 TB capacity (3 – 41 TB @3:1) – TS7720 • RAID 6 – SATA Drives • 40TB or 70TB capacity (120 – 210 TB @3:1) TS7700 256 Virtual Tape Devices (3490E) 1 Million Logical Volumes Advanced Policy Management Standard – Volume pooling – Cache management –Reclamation 4 to 16 3592 Physical Drives – TS7740 Only 3584 Physical Library Support – New or added to existing library 3592/3584 – TS7740 Only © 2010 IBM Corporation TS7700 - Interfaces zSeries Attachment zSeries Attachment – Two or Four adapters per vnode – Single port 4Gb FICON adapter Grid Interconnect – Two 1Gb Ethernet per node TS7700 Management Interface – Two Ethernet ports per node Drive/TS7700 Interface – Two 4Gb fiber per node for 3592 – TS7740 Only 3592/3584 © 2010 IBM Corporation System Software Support for TS7700 z/OS – Support is provided at z/OS V1R9, and above. z/OS R1V4 through R1V8 support the TS7700, but these levels are out of service. An extended service contract is recommended for support. z/VSE – Support provided at z/VSE 3.1.2 and above. z/VM – Support provided for z/VM V5R1 or above for both guest and native VM. z/VM V4R4 supports the TS7700, but this level is out of service. An extended service contract is recommended for support. TPF – Support is provided at TPF 4.1 and above. z/TPF – Support is provided at z/TPF V1.1 and above. © 2010 IBM Corporation TS7700 Grid Configuration Joins two or more TS7700 Clusters together to form a Grid configuration – Hosts attach directly to the TS7700 Clusters I/P based replication Two 1 Gbps Ethernet links – VNodes use links for Remote File access – HNodes use links for cluster-cluster Library messages and replication of logical volumes RJ45 Copper or SW Fiber Standard TCP/IP Networking infrastructure Policy-based replication management Library – APM is standard – Can be configured for disaster recovery and/or high availability environments TS3500 library is supported © 2010 IBM Corporation TS7700 - Grid Interconnect © 2010 IBM Corporation TS7700 – Balanced Mode Host FICON TS7700 Cluster 0 WANWAN Balanced Mode Virtual devices online in both clusters Allocation can pick a drive from either cluster TS7700 Cluster 1 © 2010 IBM Corporation TS7700 – Preferred Mode Host FICON TS7700 Local WANWAN Preferred Mode Virtual devices online on one cluster only Host TS7700 Remote © 2010 IBM Corporation TS7700 Three Site Grid – High Availability and Disaster Recovery Remote Disaster Local Production Site / Campus / Region Recovery Site System z DWDM or Channel FICON Attachment Extension (optional) TS7700 TS7700 TS7700 Cluster-0 Cluster-1 Cluster-2 WAN © 2010 IBM Corporation TS7700 Three Site Grid – 2 Production Sites and Disaster Recovery Remote Disaster Local Production Site / Campus / Region / World Recovery Site System z DWDM or Channel FICON Attachment Extension (optional) System z FICON Attachment TS7700 TS7700 TS7700 Cluster-0 Cluster-1 Cluster-2 WAN © 2010 IBM Corporation Four Cluster Grid - High Availability Everywhere HA Disaster Recovery Site HA Production Site Or Second Production Site WANWAN © 2010 IBM Corporation Grid Link Dynamic Load Balancing © 2010 IBM Corporation TS7740 Back-End Encryption Host - zOS, AIX, Linux, iOS, HP-UX, Windows, Sun Host Key Store EKM Crypto Services FICON NetworkNetwork Host - zOS, AIX, Linux, iOS, HP-UX, Windows, Sun Key Store TS7740 EKM The proxy in the Crypto Services TS7700 provides the bridge between the drive FC and the Encryption policy is based on network for EKM Storage Pool which is controlled e exchanges.
Recommended publications
  • Netvault® Supported Storage Targets Disk Based Storage, Virtual Tape Libraries, Automated Libraries, Tape and Optical Drives

    Netvault® Supported Storage Targets Disk Based Storage, Virtual Tape Libraries, Automated Libraries, Tape and Optical Drives

    NetVault® Supported Storage Targets Disk Based Storage, Virtual Tape Libraries, Automated Libraries, Tape and Optical Drives Latest Updates – What’s New .............................................................................................................................................. 4 NetVault Support Policy ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 Additional NetVault Compatibility Matrices ............................................................................................................................ 4 Important Considerations ................................................................................................................................................... 4 NetVault Supported Accelerated Protocols ............................................................................................................................. 6 Quest0B Software – Quest Recommended ............................................................................................................................. 7 Data1B Domain ................................................................................................................................................................. 8 NetVault Supported Virtual Tape Libraries (VTL) ................................................................................................................... 10 Quest2B Software – Quest Recommended ...........................................................................................................................
  • Secure Data Storage – White Paper Storage Technologies 2008

    Secure Data Storage – White Paper Storage Technologies 2008

    1 Secure Data Storage – White Paper Storage Technologies 2008 Secure Data Storage - An overview of storage technology - Long time archiving from extensive data supplies requires more then only big storage capacity to be economical. Different requirements need different solutions! A technology comparison repays. Author: Dr. Klaus Engelhardt Dr. K. Engelhardt 2 Secure Data Storage – White Paper Storage Technologies 2008 Secure Data Storage - An overview of storage technology - Author: Dr. Klaus Engelhardt Audit-compliant storage of large amounts of data is a key task in the modern business world. It is a mistake to see this task merely as a matter of storage technology. Instead, companies must take account of essential strategic and economic parameters as well as legal regulations. Often one single technology alone is not sufficient to cover all needs. Thus storage management is seldom a question of one solution verses another, but a combination of solutions to achieve the best possible result. This can frequently be seen in the overly narrow emphasis in many projects on hard disk-based solutions, an approach that is heavily promoted in advertising, and one that imprudently neglects the considerable application benefits of optical storage media (as well as those of tape-based solutions). This overly simplistic perspective has caused many professional users, particularly in the field of long-term archiving, to encounter unnecessary technical difficulties and economic consequences. Even a simple energy efficiency analysis would provide many users with helpful insights. Within the ongoing energy debate there is a simple truth: it is one thing to talk about ‘green IT’, but finding and implementing a solution is a completely different matter.
  • Implementing IBM Tape in UNIX Systems

    Implementing IBM Tape in UNIX Systems

    Front cover Implementing IBM Tape in UNIX Systems How to set up tape drives and libraries in multiple UNIX environments New: Ultrium3 and WORM features Integration with popular backup products Charlotte Brooks Alv Jon Hovda Reena Master Abbe Woodcock ibm.com/redbooks International Technical Support Organization Implementing IBM Tape in UNIX Systems October 2005 SG24-6502-03 Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page xiii. Fourth Edition (October 2005) This edition applies to IBM TotalStorage 3580 Tape Drive, IBM TotalStorage 3581 Tape Autoloader, IBM TotalStorage 3581 2U Tape Autoloader, IBM TotalStorage 3582 Tape Library, IBM TotalStorage 3583 Tape Library, IBM TotalStorage 3584 Tape Library, and IBM TotalStorage 3592 Tape Drive. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights -- Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Figures . ix Notices . xiii Trademarks . xiv Preface . .xv The team that wrote this redbook. .xv Become a published author . xvi Comments welcome. xvii Summary of changes. xix October 2005, Fourth Edition . xix July 2004, Third Edition . xix Part 1. Setting up IBM tape in UNIX. 1 Chapter 1. Introduction to LTO Ultrium with UNIX . 3 1.1 LTO overview . 4 1.1.1 IBM TotalStorage LTO Ultrium models . 5 1.1.2 IBM TotalStorage 3580 Tape Drive. 7 1.1.3 IBM TotalStorage 3581 Tape Autoloader . 9 1.1.4 IBM TotalStorage 3581 2U Tape Autoloader . 10 1.1.5 IBM TotalStorage 3582 Tape Library . 11 1.1.6 IBM TotalStorage 3583 Tape Library .
  • Chapter 3. IBM 3592 Tape Cartridge

    Chapter 3. IBM 3592 Tape Cartridge

    IBM 3592 Tape Drives and TS1120 Controller Operator Guide 3592 Models J1A, E05, E06, EU6, E07, E08, EH7, EH8, 55F, 60F, J70, and C06 IBM GA32-0556-09 Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Safety and environmental notices” on page ix and “Notices” on page 75. Edition notice This edition applies to the tenth release of the IBM® 3592 Tape Drives and Controller Operator Guide and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2006, 2018. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Read this first This is the tenth edition of the IBM 3592 Tape Drives and Controller Operator Guide (November 2018). What's new in this edition (November 2018) Revision bars (|) appear next to information that was added or changed since the release of the last edition (GA32-0556-08). Changes include • Added updates for the IBM Rack Mount Model 60F tape drive. • Miscellaneous editorial changes. Ninth Edition Revision bars (|) appear next to information that was added or changed since the release of the last edition (GA32-0556-07). Changes include • Added updates for the IBM Rack Mount Model 55F tape drive. • Miscellaneous editorial changes. Eighth Edition • Added updates for the IBM Model EH7 and EH8 tape canisters and Rack Mount Kit, Feature code 4804. • Miscellaneous editorial changes. Attention: Do not put the system into a dusty or contaminated environment that contains corrosive gases (for example, high sulfur) or metallic shavings (for example, zinc whiskers).
  • Museum Monthly Reports

    Museum Monthly Reports

    .J LI j' .. ... ' .J t / . oJ , EXHIBITS AND AR~HJVES D::::PhRTIV1Et\'Y' -- OCTOBER '83 REPORT STAFFING: "'1eredith Stelling, Cooro i na tor Gregory Welch, Operations Manager/Research Bill Wisheart , Registr~r/Photo and Video Archives Beth Par kh urst, Re search RECENT ARTIFACT AC0UISITIONS (since October 1, 1983): X239. 83 Monr oe High Speed Adding Calculator, gift of Lee Swanson. X240.83 Vari-typer, gift of Lee Swanson. X241.83 HP-65 Programmable Calculator, gift of Stephen and Barbara Gross. X241.83 BIAX memory cores, gift of G.B. Westrom. X243.83 - X259.83 The University of Illinios Department of Computer Science Collection of Drawing Instruments, Slide Rules, Calculators and Circuit Boards. X243.83 Smith's Im proved Protactor. 7 X246.83 ILLIAC III Ci rcuit Boards. /o X2~7. 83 ILLIAC II Ci r cuit Board. /0 X250.e3 Keuffel & Esser Cylind rical Slide Rule. ? X260.83 - X274.83 The SAGE AN/SFQ-7 computer. Gi ft of The National 1'1useum of Science and Technology, Ontario. X2r,r . 83 1/2 naste r console ~ C5l5U X2f,} . [;3 "· ,o.onet j c Dr U':l Uni t. 5. (f(5D ~ I X2',2 . P3 IRM 7J8 printer. /C1t7 X2 G ~ . 83.1':>, - E 5 RAda r Operato r's Consoles. ~~ 107.J7.J X7r.t. £'3.Z>. - E 5 Auxiliary Consoles. -------6?:!O/02J7..) X2C,S . 83?l, - E 5 Operator's Chairs. 50 I X7 :- F. f' 3 I RIv! 2 G Car d Pu n c h . / CJ7) X767 . S3 IB"'1 723 Ca rd Recorne r.
  • 2 9215FQ14 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Category Pages Facilities & Buildings 3-10 General Reference 11-20 Human Resources

    2 9215FQ14 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Category Pages Facilities & Buildings 3-10 General Reference 11-20 Human Resources

    2 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Category Pages Facilities & Buildings 3-10 General Reference 11-20 Human Resources 21-22 Legal 23-25 Marketing 26 Personal Names (Individuals) 27 Predecessor Companies 28-29 Products & Services 30-89 Public Relations 90 Research 91-97 April 10, 2007 9215FQ14 3 Facilities & Buildings Q. When did IBM first open its offices in my town? A. While it is not possible for us to provide such information for each and every office facility throughout the world, the following listing provides the date IBM offices were established in more than 300 U.S. and international locations: Adelaide, Australia 1914 Akron, Ohio 1917 Albany, New York 1919 Albuquerque, New Mexico 1940 Alexandria, Egypt 1934 Algiers, Algeria 1932 Altoona, Pennsylvania 1915 Amsterdam, Netherlands 1914 Anchorage, Alaska 1947 Ankara, Turkey 1935 Asheville, North Carolina 1946 Asuncion, Paraguay 1941 Athens, Greece 1935 Atlanta, Georgia 1914 Aurora, Illinois 1946 Austin, Texas 1937 Baghdad, Iraq 1947 Baltimore, Maryland 1915 Bangor, Maine 1946 Barcelona, Spain 1923 Barranquilla, Colombia 1946 Baton Rouge, Louisiana 1938 Beaumont, Texas 1946 Belgrade, Yugoslavia 1926 Belo Horizonte, Brazil 1934 Bergen, Norway 1946 Berlin, Germany 1914 (prior to) Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 1938 Beyrouth, Lebanon 1947 Bilbao, Spain 1946 Birmingham, Alabama 1919 Birmingham, England 1930 Bogota, Colombia 1931 Boise, Idaho 1948 Bordeaux, France 1932 Boston, Massachusetts 1914 Brantford, Ontario 1947 Bremen, Germany 1938 9215FQ14 4 Bridgeport, Connecticut 1919 Brisbane, Australia
  • IBM Totalstorage Product Guide

    IBM Totalstorage Product Guide

    IBM Systems and Technology Group IBM TotalStorage Product Guide Strategic storage imperatives Three proven methods for simplifying an IT infrastructure are Information lifecycle management Information technology is the lifeblood of any business, espe- consolidation, virtualization and automated management. Each The primary goal of information lifecycle management (ILM) cially today when organizational performance depends on technique can be applied to all areas that compose an IT techniques is to optimize the storage and management of information on demand. Business accountability hinges on it, operation—servers, storage and networks. information based on its value to your business. An ILM laws and regulations mandate it, customers demand it and Within the storage arena, consolidation can include reducing process can help a business maximize the value of informa- effective business processes rely on it. With information on the number of data centers and sharing fewer large-capacity tion, from the moment of its creation to the moment of its dis- demand, businesses can respond quickly with the flexibility to storage systems among a greater number of application posal. Corporate governance policies, business processes and meet customer requirements, market opportunities or external servers. Consolidated resources can cost less and can be compliance guidelines all influence ILM policies. threats. But as utterly valuable as information on demand has easier to share and protect. The primary capabilities from IBM that support ILM include become, it also has become more costly to store, maintain optimized storage environments with tiered storage platforms, and protect. Storage virtualization involves a shift in thinking from physical to logical—treating storage as a logical pool of resources, not policy-based retention management software, content and A comprehensive approach to the challenges of providing individual devices.
  • IBM Storage Speichertechnologien Unter Der Lupe

    IBM Storage Speichertechnologien Unter Der Lupe

    Kurt Gerecke Juni 2012 IBM Storage Speichertechnologien unter der Lupe © 2012 IBM Corporation IBM System Storage Agenda 1 Wir habe ein Geburtstagskind – Historie zum Aufwärmen ..... 2 Disk Technologien 3 Solid State Disks (SSD‘s) 4 Storage Class Memories und Positionierung 5 Millipede und optische Speichertechnologien 6 Tape Technologien 7 Speicherhierarchie 8 Nano-Technologien © 2012 IBM Corporation 1952: IBM Modell 726 erster Bandspeicher • 18.000 Lochkarten • 1.440.000 Characters • 1.44 MB • Acetat Plastikband mit Eisenoxydbeschichtung • 7-Spur Technik (6 x Daten, 1 x Redundanzprüfung) • Datenrate 7.5 Kbit/s, S/L-Geschwindigkeit 1.9 m/s • entwickelt in Phougkeepsie im Zuge der IBM 701 Entwicklung Photo 1951 Prototyp Photo 1952 IBM 726 in Betrieb 720 Meter Bandlänge 100 BPI 1953: IBM Modell 727 (728) • 24.000 Lochkarten • 1.920.000 Characters • 1.92 MB • 7 Spur-Technik 1958: IBM Modell 729 • 50.000 Lochkarten • 4.000.000 Characters • 4 MB • 7 Spur-Technik Bild: 729 Deutsches Museum München Modelle I bis VI • Erstes Tape Laufwerk mit Schreibkontrolle • Einlesen der Zeichen in ein Prüfregister 1961: IBM 7340 Hyper Tape Drives • Kontrolleinheit IBM 7640 • Für Rechner 7074, 7080, 7090 • Doppelte Übertragungsraten vs. 729 • 7-Spur-Technik • Höchste Datenrate WW • 170.000 Zeichen/s • 112.5 Zoll/s Tape Speed • Modelle 1 – 3 • 8 MB später 16 MB 1964: IBM 2401 Magnetbandsystem • speziell für System /360 • 9-Spur Technik • 800 BPI • 20 MB später 40 MB • erster ECC • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check • Automatic Error Capture & Correction • Basis für spätere ECC‘s Löschschutzring 1970: IBM 3420 Modelle 3,5,7 • System /370 • 3803 Kontroller • 9-Spur-Technik • 800-1600 BPI • 120/200/320 Kilobytes/s •..
  • RS/6000 Systems Handbook 2000 Edition

    RS/6000 Systems Handbook 2000 Edition

    RS/6000 Systems Handbook 2000 Edition The ideal deskside reference for the latest RS/6000 models and features Hundreds of tables and figures to accelerate your research A required reading for all RS/6000 and AIX professionals Jana Babnik-Gomiscek Volker Haug Jeanine Indest Stephen Lutz Shyam Manohar Irene D. Sideris Scott Vetter ibm.com/redbooks SG24-5120-01 International Technical Support Organization RS/6000 Systems Handbook 2000 Edition August 2000 Take Note! Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information in Appendix K, “Special Notices” on page 773. Second Edition (August 2000) This edition applies to IBM RS/6000 Models 140, 150, 170, B50, 260, 270, F50, F80, H50, H70, H80, M80, S7A, S80, SP, and NUMA-Q. Related software offerings include AIX Version 4.3, program number 5754-C34, and subsequent releases. This document created or updated on August 9, 2000. Comments may be addressed to: IBM Corporation, International Technical Support Organization Dept. JN9B Building 003 Internal Zip 2834 11400 Burnet Road Austin, Texas 78758-3493 When you send information to IBM, you grant IBM a non-exclusive right to use or distribute the information in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1999, 2000. All rights reserved. Note to U.S Government Users – Documentation related to restricted rights – Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Figures.................................................. xvii Tables....................................................xxi Preface................................................. xxvii The Team That Wrote This Redbook ...............................xxvii CommentsWelcome...........................................xxxi Chapter 1.
  • Securing Information Contents Innhold

    Securing Information Contents Innhold

    Annual Report 2001 Årsrapport Securing information Contents Innhold Key figures 1 Nøkkeltall 1 Report from the board 2 Styrets beretning 4 Accounts 6 Resultatregnskap 6 Balance sheet 6 Balanse 6 Cash flow 7 Kontantstrøm 7 Accounting notes 8 Regnskapsnoter 8 Auditor’s report 20 Revisors beretning 21 Shareholder information 22 Aksjonærinformasjon 23 General market information 24 General market information 24 Subsidiaries and offices 28 Datterselskaper og kontorer 28 Addresses 30 Adresser 30 Key figures 1997 - 2001 Nøkkeltall 1997 - 2001 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 Turnover Omsetning Operating Revenue NOK mill. 948 1023 1242 1020 889 NOK mill.Driftsinntekter Annual Operating Revenue growth % -7,4 -17,6 21,7 14,8 3,9 % Årlig vekst i driftsinntektene Export Share % 97,5 96,9 96,2 96,6 97,2 % Eksportandel Result Resultat Operating Result NOK mill. -99,2 -88,9 -39,4 1,6 66,0 NOK mill.Driftsresultat Operating Result as % of Operating Revenue % -10,5 -8,7 -3,2 0,2 7,4 % Driftsresultat i % av driftsinntekter Result before tax NOK mill. -96,5 -69,1 -14,9 -3,2 70,9 NOK mill. Resultat før skatt Result before tax as % of Operating Revenue % -10,2 -6,8 -1,2 -0,3 8,0 % Resultat før skatt i % av driftsinntekter Return on Capital (ROC) Rentabilitet Total Capital ROC 1) % -12,2 -7,4 -1,4 *-0,04 13,4 % Totalkapitalens rentabilitet 1) Equity ROC 2) % -17,4 -9,5 -1,9 *-0,5 21,3 % Egenkapitalens rentabilitet 2) Yield on working capital 3) % -16,0 -9,3 -1,6 *-0,1 18,6 % Avkastning på sysselsatt kapital 3) Solidity/Liquidity Soliditet/Likviditet Total Capital NOK mill 594 869 973* 960 605 NOK mill.Bokført totalkapital Equity NOK mill.

  • Pergamon Titles of Interest Journals Computer Languages Computers

    Pergamon Titles of Interest Journals Computer Languages Computers & Data Bases Computers & Education Computer & Graphics Computers & Human Concern Computers & the Humanities Computers & Urban Society Books Author-Subject Index to Computers and the Humanities 11 Computer-Assisted Research IN THE r^/^^/^e/ A Directory of Scholars Active Edited by Joseph Raben Queens College City University of New York PERGAMON PRESS New York / Toronto / Oxford / Sydney / Frankfurt / Paris Pergamon Press Offices: U.S.A. Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, New York 10523, U.S.A. U.K. Pergamon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford 0X3, OBW, England CANADA Pergamon of Canada, Ltd., 207 Queen's Quay West, Toronto 1, Canada AUSTRALIA Pergamon Press (Aust) Pty. Ltd., 19a Boundary Street, Rushcutters Bay, N.S.W. 2011, Australia FRANCE Pergamon Press SARL, 24 rue des Ecoles, 75240 Paris, Cedex 05, France WEST GERMANY Pergamon Press GmbH, 6242 Kronberg/Taunus, Frankfurt-am-Main, West Germany Copyright © 1977 Pergamon Press Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Computer-assisted research in the humanities. Includes index. 1. Humanities - Data processing -- Directories. I. Raben, Joseph. AS8.C63 001.3'028'54 75-16447 ISBN 0-08-019870-8 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publishers. Printed in the United States of America Preface This book is a response to a frequently expressed need for a single reference work describing the great variety of computer-assisted research in the humanities and the related social sciences.

  • History of NSA General-Purpose Electronic Digital Computers; 1964

    Doc ID: 6586784 ..r HISTORY OF NSA GENERAL-PURPOSE ELECTRONIC DIGITAL COMPUTERS ' ~ -· . ·.~ •. 1964 pproved for Release by NSA on 2-09-2004, FOIA Case# 41023 •Doc ID: 6586784 HISTORY OF NSA GENERAL-PURPOSE ELECTRONIC DIGITAL COMPUTERS By Samuel S. Snyder • j' 1964 r .-I ,_ Department of Defense Washington, D. c. 20301 -FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY DocI. ID: 6586784 r PREFACE The author has attempted to write this material so that it will be easily understood by those who have had only limited experience with computers. To aid those readers, several terms and concepts have been defined, and Chapter 1 includes a brief discussion of principles of computer operation, programming, data-preparation prob­ lems, and automatic programming. Engineering terminology has been held to a minimum, and the history of programmer training, personnel and organizational growth, and-the like r has not been treated. To some small extent, the comments on operational utility bring out the very real usefulness of computers for the solution of data-processing problems. T--·-----i ! The cutoff date for even'C!:f-related -her·e-·--·was-the end I of December 1963. i s.s.s. ii Doc ID: 6586784 TABLE OF CONTF.NTS CHAPTER 1 -- BACKGROUND ·Description Page Punched Card Equipment and the Computer Computers in NSA ---------- Computer Principles ---------- Programming Principles Data Preparation ---------- Automatic Programming ------------ Special-Purpose Attachments ----- Impact of NSA on Commercial Computer Developments CHAPTER 2 -- AGENCY-SPONSORED COMPUTERS ATLAS I and ABEL