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Tesis MIV Mario Grant Sáenz.Pdf INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE COSTA RICA ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA EN CONSTRUCCION MAESTRÍA EN INGENIERIA VIAL Propuesta de Evaluación de un sistema de Transporte Personal Rápido (PRT) entre los distritos centrales de los cantones de San José y Desamparados, en la provincia de San José de Costa Rica, como caso de estudio Proyecto Final de Graduación para optar por el título de Máster en Ingeniería Vial grado académico de Maestría Realizado por: Mario Grant Sáenz Cartago, junio de 2020 1 Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Escuela de Ingeniería en Construcción Unidad de Posgrado Maestría en Ingeniería Vial ACTA DE APROBACIÓN DE PROYECTO FINAL DE GRADUACIÓN Con fundamento en lo establecido por la Maestría en Ingeniería Vial, el Tribunal Examinador del Proyecto Final de Graduación denominado: Evaluación de un sistema de Transporte Personal Rápido (PRT) entre los distritos centrales de los cantones de San José y Desamparados, en la provincia de San José de Costa Rica, como caso de estudio. Y, habiendo analizado el resultado del trabajo presentado por el(los) estudiante(s): Primer Apellido Segundo Apellido Nombre No. de carné GRANT SAENZ MARIO HUMBERTO 2015183123 Se emite el siguiente dictamen el día 03 de junio del 2020: ☐ Reprobado ☐ Se recomienda ☐ No se recomienda ☒ Aprobado Brindarle una nueva oportunidad para Defensa Pública. Nueva fecha: ____________ Dando fé de lo acá expuesto firmamos, HENRY Firmado digitalmente Firmado digitalmente por por HENRY HERNANDEZ CARLOS FEDERICO CARLOS FEDERICO HERNANDEZ VEGA (FIRMA) CORONADO CORONADO DEJUK (FIRMA) Fecha: 2020.06.04 DEJUK (FIRMA) Fecha: 2020.06.05 23:12:15 VEGA (FIRMA) 20:58:24 -06'00' -06'00' Ing. Henry Hernández Vega, Profesor Tutor Ing. Carlos Coronado Dejuk, Profesor Lector Firmado digitalmente por GUSTAVO Firmado digitalmente GIANNINA ORTIZ GIANNINA ORTIZ QUESADA por GUSTAVO ADOLFO (FIRMA) ADOLFO ROJAS ROJAS MOYA (FIRMA) Fecha: 2020.06.04 07:45:00 Fecha: 2020.06.04 QUESADA (FIRMA) -06'00' MOYA (FIRMA) 07:53:17 -06'00' Ing. Gustavo Rojas Moya, Director Escuela de Ing. Giannina Ortiz Quesada, Coordinadora Ingeniería en Construcción Unidad de Posgrado “Muchos especialistas coinciden en la necesidad de priorizar el transporte público. Pero algunas medidas necesarias difícilmente serán pacíficamente aceptadas por la sociedad sin una mejora sustancial de ese transporte, que en muchas ciudades significa un trato indigno a las personas debido a la aglomeración, a la incomodidad o a la baja frecuencia de los servicios y a la inseguridad.” Papa Francisco, en su encíclica por el Ambiente, Laudato si’ Sobre el Cuidado de la Casa Común, 24 de mayo de 2015. 2 ÍNDICE GENERAL ÍNDICE DE CUADROS ...............................................................................................................10 ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS .................................................................................................................13 ABREVIATURAS........................................................................................................................20 RESUMEN ...................................................................................................................................22 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................23 CAPÍTULO 1. GENERALIDADES DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN ...................................................24 1.1. Antecedentes .................................................................................................................24 1.2. Planteamiento del problema ...........................................................................................25 1.3. Justificación del Estudio ................................................................................................28 1.4. El sistema de Transporte Personal Rápido ......................................................................30 1.5. Objetivos .......................................................................................................................36 1.5.1. Objetivo General ....................................................................................................36 1.5.2. Objetivos Específicos: ............................................................................................36 1.5.2.1. Objetivo Específico 1 .....................................................................................36 1.5.2.2. Objetivo Específico 2 .....................................................................................36 1.5.2.3. Objetivo Específico 3 .....................................................................................36 1.5.2.4. Objetivo Específico 4 .....................................................................................36 1.5.2.5. Objetivo Específico 5 .....................................................................................36 1.6. Alcance y limitaciones ...................................................................................................37 1.6.1. Alcance ..................................................................................................................37 3 1.6.2. Limitaciones ..........................................................................................................37 CAPÍTULO 2. MARCO TEÓRICO .............................................................................................38 2.1. Concepto de Transporte .................................................................................................38 2.1.1. Modos de transporte terrestre .................................................................................38 2.1.2. Colas .....................................................................................................................39 2.1.3. Análisis de carreteras .............................................................................................39 2.1.3.1. Capacidad de una carretera continua ...............................................................40 2.2. Cinemática ....................................................................................................................43 2.2.1. Movimiento rectilíneo uniforme .............................................................................43 2.2.2. Movimiento rectilíneo uniformemente acelerado ....................................................43 2.2.3. Movimiento rectilíneo con variación de la aceleración ............................................44 2.2.4. Control de vehículos automáticos en una vía ..........................................................45 2.3. El sistema de Transporte Personal Rápido ......................................................................47 2.3.1. Definición de sistemas de Transporte Personal Rápido ...........................................48 2.3.2. Diferenciación entre sistemas automáticos de transporte publico ............................48 2.3.2.1. Transbordo de Circuito Cerrado......................................................................48 2.3.2.2. Transporte Grupal Rápido ..............................................................................51 2.3.3. Historia de los sistemas PRT ..................................................................................52 2.3.3.1. Legislación y apoyo gubernamental ................................................................52 2.3.3.2. Consolidación institucional del transporte en los EEUU y desarrollo de sistemas PRT………. ........................................................................................................... 58 2.3.3.3. Sistemas desarrollados de Transporte Personal Rápido ...................................59 4 2.3.4. ¿Por qué no se han construido más sistemas PRT?................................................ 102 2.3.5. Estado del arte y PRT de alta capacidad ............................................................... 104 2.3.5.1. Capacidad del PRT ....................................................................................... 104 2.3.5.2. Suspensión, propulsión, rodamientos, sistemas de guía y frenado .................. 105 2.3.5.3. Condiciones de seguridad ............................................................................. 111 2.3.5.4. Sistemas PRT en desarrollo .......................................................................... 114 CAPÍTULO 3. MARCO METODOLÓGICO .............................................................................. 115 3.1. Objetivo Específico 1 .................................................................................................. 115 3.1.1. Conceptualización del sistema de transporte PRT para la GAM. ........................... 115 3.1.1.1. Definir las características del sistema de transporte PRT, mediante investigación bibliográfica y un proceso de selección de alternativas. ................................................... 115 3.1.2. Calcular la capacidad de transporte de pasajeros del sistema PRT, de acuerdo con las características definidas en el punto 3.1.1.1. ........................................................................ 118 3.1.3. Definir el recorrido del sistema PRT. ................................................................... 118 3.1.4. Modelar una sección de la red PRT con el programa PARAMICS o SIMTRAFFIC, para revisar la correcta interacción entre los diferentes vehículos. ....................................... 118 3.2. Objetivo Específico 2 .................................................................................................
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