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MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT ticipation, political power, and economic freedom was paved. The goals of the Civil Rights Movement which you and Ishare provided the framework for the achievements which we can point to today. But, the struggle continues. The marches, the legislative victories, and the court decisions will be in vain if Black America sits back in 1984 and merely points to the superficial signs of increased political clout. We must learn more about our potential and set forth con- crete strategies to maximize our clout. Through education and research analysis, the Congressional Black Caucus Founda- tion is doing just that. Through your presence this evening and throughout the activities this week, you have helped us to refine strategies for improving and enhancing the use of Black political power in America. For that assistance and support, on behalf of the Founda- tion Board, Ithank you. We look forward to working actively with you as we do the kind of research, Dear Friends: education and planning which will aid Black Americans in harnessing the real Thank you for joining us for the Annual political power which is now within our Awards Dinner which is the culmination of reach. the 14th Annual Legislative Weekend. On behalf of the Board of Directors of the Con- Sincerely, gressional Black Caucus Foundation, Iwel- come you tonight. 1984 is a year of significant political challenges for Black Americans. Not only is this an election year, but also perhaps the first year that Black Americans have completely begun to realize their full / LOUIS STOKES political potential. President With that in mind, Ithink that you will agree that 1984 is a pivotal year in terms of Black politicalawareness, clout, and involvement in the affairs and policies of our nation. The Congressional Black Caucus Foundation is mindful of that fact. Through the issue forums and workshops during our 14th Annual Legislative Week- end, together we have taken a major step towards harnessing the potentially powerful politicalstrength of Black America. Nineteen years ago, with the passage of the first Voting Rights Act of 1965, the road towards increased Black voter par-

3 CONTENTS

Message from the President Congressman Louis Stokes 3 Honorary Dinner Committee 6 Board of Directors 12 Congressional Black Caucus Members 18 Schedule ofEvents 61 Exhibit Floor Plan 66 Distinguished Lecture Series 67 Concert 69 Pointer Sisters, The Manhattans Future Trends in American Ethnic Relations ByRobert L.Green 70 Legislative Update 75 Prayer Breakfast Program 81 Congressional Black Caucus Spouses Fashion Shows 83 Congressional Black Caucus Spouses 84 Tennis Exhibition Program 91 Foreign Policy Held Hostage: The Jackson Rescue Mission ByA. W. Singham 92 Dinner Program 97 Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Awards 98 Dinner Entertainment Jean Cam, Arthur Prysock 103 Sponsors and Patrons 107 Congressional Black Caucus Annual Report Message from the Executive Director CBCF——The New Foundations for the Foundation 110 CBCF Annual Report on Research Programs 11l Annual Report on CBCF Fellows Program 112 CBCF Distinguished Scholars Lecture Series 117 Annual Report on Development 118 CBCF Staff 119 Financial Report 123 Acknowledgements 142 Credits 148 HONORARY COMMITTEE

HONORARY CHAIRPERSONS HONORARY COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Honorable Erma Henderson, President Mr.Dennis W. Archer, Past President Major General Harry W. Brooks, Jr. City Council of Detroit National Bar Association Chairman & CEO Gurney Seed &Nursery Corporation

Mr. Eugene D. Jackson. Chairman Honorable Marion Barry, Jr. Mr. Henry H. Brown, Vice President Unity Broadcasting Network, Inc. Mayor, Washington, D.C. Marketing Development Affairs President, National Conference of Black Mayors Anheuser-Busch, Inc.

Mr. AlvinJ. Boutee Dr. Faye Bryant, National President Chairman ofthe Board Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. Independence Bank of Chicago

6 Ms. Hortense G. Canady, President Honorable John N. Ford Mr.William "Bill"Garth, Publisher Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. State Senator, Tennessee Citizen Newspaper

Dr. Vernal G. Cave, Past President Dr.Edith V. Francis, Grand Basileus Mr.Robert L. Gordon, Grand Polemarch National Medical Association Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc. Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.

Ms. Jane Fonda Mr. Norman S. Gaines Actress Director, Federal Public Affairs R. J. Reynolds Industries, Inc.

7 Mr. John Grayson, President Honorable Tom Hayden Mr. M. Carl Holman, President Univox California, Inc. State Assemblyman, California National Urban Coalition

Dr. Robert L.Green, President Mr.John W. Hechinger, President Mr. Benjamin L. Hooks University of the District of Columbia Hechinger Company, Inc. Executive Director, NAACP

Dr. Dorothy I.Height President Honorable Michael A. Hooks National Council of Negro Women, Inc. City Councilman, Memphis

8 Mr. John E. Jacob, President Reverend Joseph E. Lowery, President Mr. Robert M. McGlotten, Associate Director National Urban League S.C.L.G. Department of Legislation, AFL-CIO

Mr. Bertram M. Lee, President Dr. John E. Maupin, Jr., Chairman Mr. Therman McKenzie, Executive Vice President New England Television Corporation National Dental Association M & M Products

Dr. L. Benjamin Livingston Judge William A. McClain, President Grand Basileus Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity, Inc. Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc.

9 Honorable Clarence L. Mitchell, HI Mr. Henry Nicholas, President Mr. Archie W. Welch, Jr., Vice President President National Union of Hospital H &W Storage Consultants, Inc. National Black Caucus of State Legislators and Health Care Employees

(Not pictured)

Dr. Dolly Adams, President Links, Inc. Honorable David P. Richardson, Jr. State Representative, Pennsylvania Mr. M. T. Anderson Grand Master Federation of Masons of the World

Ms. Othella E. Champion, President National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, Inc.

Mrs. Lucille McCants, President Federation of Eastern Stars of the World

Dr. Philip Smith, President-Elect National Medical Association

Reverend Leon Sullivan, Pastor Zion Baptist Church

Mr. Samuel W. Tidmore Executive Director Operation Push, Inc.

Mr. Donald P. Wilson Grand Exalted Ruler Mr. Ozell Sutton, General President Improved Benevolent Protective Order Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. of Elks of the World

10 CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS FOUNDATION, INC.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

President W. Mitchell Hines Leßaron Taylor Honorable Louis Stokes W. Mitchell Hines, Inc. CBS Records U.S. House ofRepresentatives Joan B. Johnson Barbara Williams-Skinner Vice President Johnson Products Company, Inc. Thomas Skinner Associates, Inc. Albert L. Nellum A.L.Nellum &Associates Honorable Parren J. Mitchell CBC Liaison U.S. House of Representatives Honorable Mickey Leland Secretary-Treasurer U.S. House ofRepresentatives Nira Hardon Long, Esq. Addison Barry Rand Long, Peterson and Zimmerman Xerox Corporation Ex-Officio Sheryl Webber Rangel L. Alma Honorable William Clay CBC Spouses U.S. House ofRepresentatives Executive Director Frank L. Morris, Ph.D. Jay Stokes Honorable Cardiss Collins CBC Spouses US. House ofRepresentatives Honorable Julian C. Dixon U.S. House ofRepresentatives Lawrence P. Doss Coopers &Lybrand Ofield Dukes Ofield Dukes &Associates Honorable Walter E. Fauntroy U.S. House ofRepresentatives Col. Ernest Frazier ITTCorporation Dr. Bernard Gifford University of California (Berkeley) Honorable William H. Gray, 111 U.S. House ofRepresentatives

12 Agency, where her primary responsibility in- policy and legislative, regulatory, and technical cludes determining the disposition of all city- issues that may affect this segment of the firm's owned property identified for private develop- practice. ment. Prior to joining Coopers and Lybrand, Mr. Prior to her current position, Ms. Long served Doss served as President of New Detroit, the as consultant for the Carter-Mondale Transition nation's first urban coalition, and held manage- Staff on Appointments, the Coordinator of ment positions with the Internal Revenue Ser- Women in Development, and the Director of vice. He was Executive Coordinator of the Equal Opportunity Programs for the Agency for school decentralization effort for Detroit Public International Development in the Department of Schools in Michigan. State. In 1975, Ms. Long was selected by the Department of State to be a member of the U.S. Delegation to the U.N. International Women's Year Conference in Mexico City. In 1976, she was selected by the Department of State to be the U.S. Delegate to the Conference of Develop- ment Assistant Countries (DAC) in Paris, ALBERT L. NELLUM France. She holds a Juris Doctor from the University Albert L.Nellum is President and Chief Execu- of California School of Law in Los Angeles, tive Officer of A. L. Nellum and Associates, a California and a Master of Arts degree in Inter- management consulting firm headquartered in national Relations from the University of South- Washington, D.C., with offices in urban areas ern California. In addition, she serves as Chair- throughout the United States, the Caribbean, person of the Small—Business Administration and Africa. A founding member of the Congres- Advisory Committee Region 111, is a member sional Black Caucus Foundation, who conceived of the Board of Directors for the International and organized this organization's inaugural Center on Research on Women, and the Federal fundraising dinner, he is currently the Vice Bar Association. President of its Board of Directors and a member of its Executive Committee. Active in numerous organizations and civic OFIELD DUKES groups that have enabled Black people to Anative ofDetroit, OfieldDukes, as a journalist, achieve self-reliance in American society, he is won three National Newspaper Publishers Asso- the recipient of many awards and honors for his ciation awards in 1964. He came to Washington contributions. the same year to join the Johnson-Humphrey administration and was appointed to Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey's staff in 1965. He opened his own public relations firm in 1969 and won the "oscar" of public relations awards, the Silver Anvil, in 1975. He also taught public relations at Howard University for twelve years. Active with the Congressional Black Caucus from its inception, Mr. Dukes was National Coordinator of the firstStevie Wonder march in Washington to make Dr. Martin L. King, Jr.'s birthday a national holiday. He serves on the board of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for LAWRENCE P. DOSS Non-violent Social Change and Operation Big Vote. Lawrence P. Doss, a partner in the firm of Coopers and Lybrand and its National Industry Chairman for State and Local Government, provides leadership and coordination for all services rendered to cities, states, school systems, counties, NIRA HARDON LONG and regional authorities. His respon- Featured later in the boot Members ofthe Congres- identifying pertinent public Nira Hardon Long, an attorney with Long, sibilities include sional Black Caucus, the Congressional Black Caucus Peterson & Zimmerman, serves as Chairperson Sponsors and the Executive Director. of the District of Columbia Redevelopment Land

13 University of Rochester in New York, resident scholar and Program Officer at the Russell Sage Foundation, Deputy Chancellor for the New York City Public School System, and President of the New York City RAND Institute. He has also served as an adjunct professor at Columbia Teachers College, Harvard University, Hunter College, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr.Gifford is a member of the Advisory Com- mittee of the John F. Kennedy Institute of Politics at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Academic Board of the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, a trustee of the German Marshall Fund of the United States, and a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's Economic Advisory Council. He holds a Ph.D. in Radiation Biology and ERNEST R. FRAZIER Biophysics from the University of Rochester in JOAN B. JOHNSON Ernest R. Frazier, Colonel, U.S.A. (Ret.), served New York. Joan B. Johnson is Treasurer of Johnson Prod- in the United States Army for twenty-eight ucts, Inc., a Chicago, Illinois, based manufac- years, where his assignments included tours of turer of hair care products and facial cosmetics. duty in Korea and Vietnam. Upon his retire- The founding President of the Ancillary Group of ment, he was appointed Director of Equal the Chicago State University Foundation, she is Opportunity— Field Operations for Inter- a member of the Women's Board of the Univer- national Telephone and Telegraph and later was sity of Chicago and Northwestern University, promoted to Director of Equal Opportunity the Museum of Science and Industry, the Black Operations— Western Region Office located in Women's Agenda, the Lyric Opera Center for California. American Artists Board, the Women's Board of Colonel Frazier received his bachelors and the Lambs, Inc., and the Board of Trustees of masters degrees from the University of Mary- Spelman College. land where he concentrated in Government, A native of Chicago, Illinois, Mrs. Johnson Politics, and English. studied at Northwestern and Roosevelt Univer- sities in her hometown.

W. MITCHELLHINES W. Mitchell Hines is Chief Executive Officer of the Jacksonville, Florida firm that bears his name. The firm's specialities include real estate management and new business ventures. Formerly President and Chief Executive Officer of Jacksonville's Century National Bank, he has served as Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President of Independence Bank in Chicago, Illinois. Anative of Hampton, Virginia,Mr.Hines is a graduate of Hampton Institute inthat city, and the Stonier Graduate School of Banking of BERNARD R. GIFFORD Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey. He has studied at George Washington University in ADDISON BARRY RAND Bernard R. Gifford is Dean of the Graduate Washington, D.C., School of Education at the University of.Califor- the Wharton School of Addison Barry Rand is Vice President of Field Philadelphia, nia at Berkeley. He has been Professor of Finance in Pennsylvania, and the Operations for Xerox Corporation's Business Political Science and Vice President of the New YorkInstitute of Finance inNew YorkCity. System Group, headquartered in Rochester, New York. Mr. Rand is responsible for the 14 management of sales, service and administrative support for five of the ten regions in the Business System Group. Mr.Rand joined Xerox in 1968. His most recent positions with the company include Region Manager of Branch Operations, Corporate Director of Major Account Marketing, and Vice President of Major Account Marketing Opera- tions. He holds masters degrees in Business Admin- istration and in Management Sciences, from Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. Mr.Rand is a member of the Board ofDirec- tors for the Association ofBlack Corporate Pro- fessionals and the Board of Trustees for the Marketing Science Institute.

BARBARA SHERYL WEBBER WILLIAMS-SKINNER Sheryl Webber, a former Program Director for Barbara Williams-Skinner, Director of Leader- the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation and presently ship Development at Thomas Skinner Associa- an Ex-Officio member of its Board of Directors, currently Special tes, Inc., an interdenominational service and is Assistant to the leadership development ministry, served as Director of Consumer Affairs of the District of Director of the Congressional Black Caucus for Columbia Public Service Commission. seven years. A member of the American Society of Public Administration, League, Mrs. Williams-Skinner, a native of California, the National Urban and graduated from California State University in Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc., Ms. Webber was formerly a legislative San Francisco and received a law degree from assistant in the office Hollings a the University of California in Los Angeles. She of Senator Ernest F. and was research assistant in the office of the Mayor of serves as Managing Editor of the TSA News- Atlanta, Georgia. letter, "News in Black and White". to Ms. Webber earned her baccalaureate degree A former Administrative Assistant Califor- College Atlanta, nia Congressman Ronald V. Dellums, Mrs. from Spelman in Georgia, and a in Williams-Skinner is a member of the Board of masters Public Administration from the LE BARON TAYLOR Trustees of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Center University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania. In early 1980, Leßaron Taylor was appointed to for Nonviolent Social Change and serves on the his current policy-making role as Liaison for Board ofDirectors of the Center for Community CBS Records in Governmental and Public Af- Change. fairs and is primarily responsible for a broad- based overview of Black artists signed to and marketed by the company, that include the Jacksons, Teddy Pendergrass, the O'Jays, and Earth, Wind and Fire. Thereafter, he was appointed Vice President, Black Music Market, with the added responsibility of overseeing the Jazz/Progressive Marketing Department. Mr. Taylor is the recipient of numerous awards for public service and is active in civic and professional organizations throughout the country.

IST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, MISSOURI

WILLIAML. CLAY

ongressman William "Bill" During his tenure in Congress, Con- Clay, now in his eighth term gressman Clay has sponsored over six as the Representative of the hundred pieces of legislation including the Ist Congressional District of Hatch Act Reform Bill, the City Earning Missouri, is Exhibit Program Chairman for Tax Bill, the Internal Revenue Service the Fourteenth Annual Legislative Week- Reform Bill, the Pension Equity Act, end. several bills to reform the labor laws, as He serves on three standing committees well as several bills concerning pension in the United States House of Representa- reform. tives: the Committee on Post Office and Congressman Clay began his political Civil Service, where he is the second rank- career in 1959 by unseating a veteran ing member; the Committee on Education politician for the position of Alderman in and Labor, where he is the third ranking the 26th Ward of St. Louis. As Alderman, member; and the Democratic Policy and he sponsored the St. Louis Fair Employ- Steering Committee. He is also Chairman ment Bill, which increased employment of the Labor-Management Relations Sub- opportunities for Blacks in bakeries, brew- committee. eries, the construction industry and banks. He resigned from the office of Alderman in 1964 to become Committeeman for the 26th Ward, a position he continues to hold. The recipient of numerous awards for his political leadership and contributions, Congressman Clay is the 1984 recipient of the CBC Foundation's William L. Dawson Award. Congressman Clay is a native of St. Louis, Missouri. He is a graduate of St. Louis University with a Bachelor of Science degree in History and Political Science. He and his wife, Carol, have three children.

7TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, ILLINOIS

CARDiSS COLLINS

ow serving her fifth term, A member of the Government Opera-, First Baptist Church of Chicago, Illinois, 1/ Gongresswoman Cardiss Col- tions Committee and Chairperson of its the NAACP, the Chicago Urban League, the m lins has served the people of Government Activities and Transportation Links, Inc., the National Council of Negro -*- the 7th Congressional District Subcommittee, which oversees such Women, the National Women's Political of Illinois for over ten years. She was first important federal agencies as NASA, Caucus, Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc., elected in June of 1973 in a special elec- AMTRAK, and the Smithsonian Institution, and Alpha Gamma Phi. tion to fillthe vacancy left by the death of Congresswoman Collins has been instru- The recipient of dozens of awards for her husband, George W. Collins. One of mental in initiating changes in the General her outstanding accomplishments, Con- only two Black women serving in Congress Services Administration to encourage sup- gresswoman Collins has also received today, Congresswoman Collins, a strong port and assistance to small and disadvan- honorary degrees from Spelman College, supporter of civil rights and an activist taged businesses. in Atlanta, Georgia, and Winston-Salem government, has been re-elected on her rec- Under her leadership as Chairperson, State University, in Winston-Salem, North ord of providing services to her constitu- the House Subcommittee on Health and Carolina. ents. the Environment issued a report callingfor Congresswoman Collins was born in St. Congresswoman Collins presently serves more stringent regulations on the trans- Louis, Missouri, and moved to Detroit, on the very powerful House Energy and porting of hazardous wastes in November, Michigan at the age of ten. After graduat- Commerce Committee and is a member of 1983. At her request, this Subcommittee ing from the Detroit High School of Com- its Subcommittee on Telecommunications, held Clean Air hearings in Chicago, Illinois, merce, she moved to Chicago where she Consumer Protection and Finance. She on the effect of auto emissions. Congress- attended Northwestern University. introduced the "Minority Telecommunica- woman Collins is the author of the success- She is Committeewoman of Chicago's tions Development Act of 1983." This com- ful amendment to the Hazardous Waste 24th Ward Regular Democratic Organiza- prehensive legislation codifies and Control and Enforcement Act of 1983, to tion and was deeply involved in the cam- protects gains made by Blacks and other study the handling of wastes of small paigns of her late husband for Alderman, minorities and offers industry incentives quantity generators. Committeeman and his successful cam- for greater participation of minorities and During her tenure in Congress, Con- paigns for Congress. women in all phases of telecommunica- gresswoman Collins has been honored by tions. A member of the Energy and Com- her colleagues with a number of firsts. She merce Subcommittee on Fossil and Syn- was the first woman ever elected to Chair thetic Fuels, it was Congresswoman the Congressional Black Caucus, the first Collins who authored the amendment to woman and first Black ever tobe elected to the natural gas bill which would greatly Chair the House Government Operations reduce high consumer utility bills by roll- Subcommittee on Manpower and Housing, ing back the price of natural gas to 1977 and was appointed Whip-at-Large, by levels and keeping controls on all gas Thomas P. O'Neill, becoming the first prices until 1987. Black and first woman ever to hold office within the leadership structure of the United States House of Representatives. A member of the Board of Directors of the Congressional Black Caucus Founda- tion, Congresswoman Collins was recently elected Treasurer of the Congressional Black Caucus and chairs its Communica- tions Braintrust. She serves on the Execu- tive Committee of the Congressional Cau- cus on Women's Issues and is a member of

IST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, MICHIGAN

JOHN CONYERS, JR.

ongressman John Conyers, Jr. the Congressional Black Caucus, he is one white collar crime. His legislation to pro- \u25a0 is serving his tenth term as of the architects of the Congressional vide literacy and vocational training in cor- j the representative from the Black Caucus Alternative Budget, an effort rectional institutions has been incor- First Congressional District of which has won national attention over the porated in two major education bills that Michigan. A senior member of the Judici- past three years for giving priority to are up for reauthorization in 1984. ary Committee, he chairs the Subcommit- human needs and economic revitalization Congressman Conyers served in the U.S. tee on Criminal Justice, which has jurisdic- at home and to a lessening of tensions and Army as a second lieutenant in the Army tion over the criminal codes. He serves on reversal of the nuclear arms race abroad. Corps of Engineers, and earned combat the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitu- During the action on the federal budget and merit citations in the Korean War. He tional Rights as well as on the Government for FY 1983, Congressman Conyers offered was educated in the Detroit public schools Operation's Subcommittee on Commerce, the first nuclear freeze budget amendment and received his undergraduate education Consumer and Monetary Affairs. that would have deleted funds for the fur- and a Doctor of Laws degree at Wayne Social justice and economic opportunity ther testing, production and employment State University in Detroit. He was former are the focus of the Congressman's work. of new nuclear warheads and missiles General Counsel to the Detroit Trade Union Congressman Conyers authored and while freezing existing stockpiles. He was a Leadership Council, Director of Education spearheaded the drive for passage of the principal sponsor of the Humphrey- in the United Auto Workers Local 900, Martin Luther King, Jr. National Holiday Hawkins Full Employment Act which was referee in Michigan's Workman's Compen- Bill, which was signed into law in Novem- enacted in 1978. Congressman Conyers sation Department, senior partner in the ber, 1983. One of the founding members of has authored legislation to create addi- law firm of Conyers, Bell and Townsend tional jobs through a shorter work week and worked as Legislative Assistant to and an end to compulsory overtime, a bill Congressman John D. Dingell. Congress- to establish regional development banks to man Conyers serves on the boards of a finance new job-creating investments, and number of organizations including the a bill to control interest rates and reform Americans for Democratic Action, the the Federal Reserve System. In addition, American Civil Liberties Union and the he has introduced legislation to prevent National Association for the Advancement utilities from shutting off gas and electric of Colored People. service in households where the health of individuals would be endangered during the winter months. Congressman Conyers is a leading advocate of community-based economic planning and stepped up assistance to the small business sector. In his Judiciary Committee role, Con- gressman Conyers has conducted hearings in several cities on police violence. He has introduced bills to improve the criminal justice system including legislation on compensation procedures for dealing with the mentally ill, grand jury reform and on

13TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, MICHIGAN

GEORGE W.

* CROCKETT, JR. ongressman George W. Crock- on Monopolies and Commercial Law and \u25a0ett, Jr. is serving his second Immigration, Refugees and International term as the representative Law); the Select Committee on Aging, and ?* from the 13th Congressional the Housing and Consumer Interest Sub- District in Michigan. Sworn in on Novem- committee. ber 12, 1980 to fillthe vacancy created by Congressman Crockett played a key role the resignation of Charles C. Diggs, Jr., in the reauthorization of the Voting Rights Congressman Crockett serves on the Com- Act and has been a leader in efforts to mittees on Foreign Affairs (Africa and reshape the Simpson -Mazzoli Immigration International Operations Subcommittees); Reform Act. Committee on Judiciary (Subcommittees Congressman Crockett has had a long and distinguished career as an attorney and jurist. After receiving his Juris Doctor degree in 1934, he was the first Black lawyer to be appointed at the Department of Labor, and in 1943, with the creation of the nation's first Fair Employment Prac- tices Commission, President Roosevelt appointed Congressman Crockett as one of its first Hearing Examiners. In 1944, he founded and was the first Director of the International United Auto Workers Fair Employment Practices Department. In 1966 and again in 1972, Congress- man Crockett was elected judge of the Recorder's Court in Detroit, Michigan. Following his retirement, he served as visiting judge for the Michigan Court of Ap- peals and in 1980, as Acting Corporation Counsel for the City of Detroit. Congressman Crockett has received honorary LL.D.'s from his alma mater, Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, and from Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina. In 1981, he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Congressman Crockett and his late wife, Dr. Ethelene Jones Crockett, have three children. In 1980, Congressman Crockett married the former Dr. Harriette Clark, a practicing pediatrician in Washington, D.C.

BTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA

RONALD V. DELLUMS

.gy-Tfc ongressman Ronald V. Del- Congressional legislation prohibiting the In the 97th Congress, Congressman Ilums, now serving his sixth funding for MX and Pershing IImissile pro- Dellums was the principal initiator of the Iterm, represents the Bth Con- grams, and he was an original co-sponsor Congressional Black Caucus Budget. First gressional District of Califor- of the Nuclear Freeze resolution. He has introduced in 1981, and updated in subse- nia, which includes parts of Alameda and consistently argued that these nuclear quent years, it is still considered the most Contra Costa counties in the East Bay weapons programs are "economically progressive alternative to the budget and area. He is Chair of the House Armed Ser- disastrous, diplomatically dangerous, mil- tax proposal of the Reagan Administra- vices Subcommittee on Military -Installa- itarily unnecessary, and environmentally tion. He also re-introduced H.R. 3884, the tions and Facilities, a senior Member of its hazardous." It is Congressman Dellums' National Health Service Act, which is the Research and Development Subcommittee, judgement that: "Nuclear disarmament is most comprehensive health care legisla- and Chair of the House Committee on the our best guarantee for peace and national tion ever introduced in Congress. Other District of Columbia. As such, he is the security. Conversely, nuclear arms escala- legislation sponsored by Congressman first member of the House Class of 1970 to tion will only intensify our nation's Dellums includes the World Peace Tax be elected chair of a fullCommittee in the insecurity." Fund, the Adequate Income Act, the Omni- U.S. House of Representatives. The first Member of Congress ever to bus Penal Reform Act, the Omnibus Intelli- Congressman Dellums, the former Vice- introduce a comprehensive alternative gence Community Reorganization and Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, military budget to that proposed by the Reform Act, and the extension of the heads the CBC Task Force on National President or the Armed Services Commit- Voting Rights Act. Security and Foreign Policy. A former tee, this landmark legislation was based Born in Oakland, California, Congress- member of the Democratic National Com- on extensive ad hoc hearings on the Full man Dellums spent two years in the U.S. mittee, he is currently one of three Asso- Implication of the Military Budget which he Marine Corps before earning a B.A. degree ciate National Chairs of the New Demo- conducted inMarch and Aprilof 1982. The from California State University in San cratic Coalition, an organization of pro- highlights of those hearings and his Francisco and an M.S.W. degree from the gressive groups and individuals within the critical analysis are contained in the book, University of California at Berkeley. Prior Democratic Party who are committed to Defense Sense: The Search for a Rational to his arrival in Congress he served on the substantive party reform and promoting MilitaryPolicy. Berkeley City Council. He also served as a progressive programs for the nation. He In addition to the hearings on the impli- manpower specialist and psychiatric social also served as the chair of the task force cations of the military budget, Con- worker, and was a lecturer in the Graduate on national security and foreign policy gressman Dellums conducted investiga- School of Social Work at the University of issues for the Jesse Jackson for President tions into U.S. war crimes inIndochina and California at Berkeley. campaign. the impact of Agent Orange and other toxic Congressman Dellums is married to the His first priority upon entering Congress substances on the men and women who former Leola (Roscoe) Higgs, a graduate of in 1971 was ending the U.S. military served in Southeast Asia. In conjunction Georgetown University Law Center. They involvement in Indochina, which he with the Congressional Black Caucus, he are the parents of three children: Brandy, characterized as "illegal, immoral and conducted hearings on the extent of racism Erik and Piper. insane adventurism." His major goal still in the military that produced bills to remains the termination of America's over reform, among other matters, the system reliance on military force to resolve inter- of military justice and to end discrimina- national problems that are essentially tion based on discharge status. From hear- political, economic and social in nature. ings on government lawlessness came the Congressman Dellums believes that mil- Bureaucratic Accountability Act which itarism, the mentality that is so afraid of strengthens Congressional oversight cap- life that it seeks to control itthrough death ability and provides to ordinary citizens and destruction, is the fundamental cause the legal tools needed to force the federal of our economic and social failures at bureaucracy to adhere to the law. Con- home and abroad. gressman Dellums has also gone to court In the United States House of Represen- under the provision of the Ethics in tatives, Congressman Dellums is the prin- Government Act to demand a Justice cipal leader in the continuing effort to curb Department investigation of C.I.A. conduct military spending and nuclear weapons in funding, training and supplying the Con- escalation. He was the first to introduce tras who are being used by the C.I.A. in an effort to overthrow the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.

28TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA

JfILIAJMC. DiXON

ongressman Julian C. Dixon, legislation that enacts economic sanctions Congressional Black Caucus— and other ifjg' Chairman of the Congressional against South Africa's practice of apar- Members of Congress particularly with m Black Caucus, was elected in theid, and has worked actively against the the Democratic Leadership, in developing \u25a0^-^ 1978 as the representative nomination of Edwin Meese for Attorney a 1984 Budget Alternative that restored from California's 28th Congressional General and the Reagan Administration's significant cuts proposed in domestic District. This Congressional District in- dismantling of the Civil Rights Commis- spending. He also developed working rela- cludes portions of Los Angeles and the sion. tionships with the Hispanic Caucus and cities of Ingelwood and Culver City. An original co-sponsor of the Equal the Congressional Caucus for Women's Appointed by the Speaker of the House, Rights Amendment, Congressman Dixon is Issues on several civil rights matters Congressman Dixon is a member of the recognized as a leader inCongress on mat- before the Congress. House Committee on Standards of Official ters regarding U.S. policy in Africa and the Congressman Dixon authored resolu- Conduct and a House Representative to the Caribbean. He is an acknowledged sup- tions passed by the House that called for West Point Board of Supervisors. He porter of human rights and in 1982, suc- the awarding of the Presidential Medal of serves on the powerful Appropriations cessfully blocked deportation of Ethiopian Freedom to Dr. Benjamin Mays and the Committee where he is Chairman of the refugees by the Department of State declaration of September, 1983 as "Sickle Subcommittee on the District of Columbia, because of continued human rights viola- Cell Anemia Awareness Month." the first Black member in the history of tions by the Ethiopian government. A bill Born in Washington, D.C., Congressman Congress to Chair an Appropriations Sub- he introduced last year became the foun- Dixon graduated from high school in Los committee. Congressman Dixon is also an dation for legislation passed by Congress Angeles. He received a B.S. degree in active member of the Appropriations Sub- that requires the U.S. representative to the Political Science from California State committee on Foreign Operations, par- International Monetary Fund to oppose University in Los Angeles and was ticularly in areas affecting Africa and the loans to South Africa. Congressman Dixon awarded an LL.B. from Southwestern Uni- Caribbean. also introduced a resolution calling on the versity. He is married to the former Betty Congressman Dixon is a leading oppo- United States to adopt a firmer stance Lee and is the father of one son, Carey nent of the Reagan Administration's towards South Africa because of its refusal Gordon. domestic and foreign policy. He is a prin- toremove its troops from Namibia. cipal author of the Congressional Black Congressman Dixon has used his posi- Caucus Budget Alternative, has authored tion on the Appropriations Committee to work for passage of the Emergency Jobs bill, other employment and job training legislation and funding for an array of health, human service and community development programs. In matters of particular importance to his California constituents, Congressman Dixon is a strong proponent of mass transit and is working diligently with the Appropriations Commit- tee on behalf of the Los Angeles Metrorail project. He is actively petitioning for reforms in regulations affecting the price of natural gas that willensure the availability of affordable gas for consumers. Named Chairman of the 1984 Demo- cratic National Convention Rules Commit- tee by DNC Chairman Charles Manatt, Congressman Dixon has been instrumental in forging working coalitions between the

31ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA

MERVYIMM.DYMALLY

£-^ ince 1980, Congressman Mer- State College and University system. He Lincoln University in Jefferson City, vyn M. Dymally has repre- was responsible for organizing the Council Missouri. He received a B.A. degree in U^/m sented the 31st Congressional on Intergroup Relations, the California Education from California State University District of California, which Advisory Commission on Youth, and the in Los Angeles, an M.A. in Government includes several communities in the south- Commission on Food and Nutrition. from California State University in Sacra- ern portion of Los Angeles County. Before Congressman Dymally currently is a mento and a Ph.D. in Human Behavior his election to Congress, Congressman member of the Committees on Foreign from the United States International Dymally served from 1975-1979 as the Affairs, Science and Technology, and the University in San Diego. He has received Lieutenant Governor of California where District of Columbia, where he is Chairman four honorary degrees and serves on the he headed the State Commission for of the Judiciary and Education Subcom- Board of Trustees of the Shaw University, Economic Development and the Commis- mittee. He is also Chairman of the Con- the Boards of Directors of the Joint Center sion of the Californians, served on the gressional Caucus for Science and Tech- for Political Studies and the National Board of Regents of the University of nology. Black United Fund. California and the Board of Trustees of the As a Member of Congress, Congressman Congressman Dymally, married to the Dymally has been a leading force in former Alice Gueno of New Orleans who is revamping and advocating legislation im- a teacher by profession, is the father of portant to the Caribbean. He is Chairman two children —Mark and Lynn. of the Congressional Black Caucus Task Force on the Caribbean and organized the Caribbean Action Lobby of which he is Na- tional Chairman. In his first term, he organized the Compton-OIC-Technological Training Institute to train the unemployed for jobs in the aerospace industry. An active member of the Congressional Black Caucus, he is Vice-Chairman of the CBC Political Action Committee, and is coordinator of the CBC Braintrust on Science and Technology. He was also responsible for setting up a CBC Archives to preserve the history of the Congressional Black Caucus at Moorland-Spingarn Research Center at Howard University. Congressman Dymally originally came to this country from Trinidad, West Indies, as a nineteen year-old student to attend'

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

WALTER E. FAUNTROY

ongressman Walter E. Faun- duced the comprehensive alternative bud- it pursues the legislative package of 14 gS \u25a0 troy, delegate from the Dis- gets known as the Fauntroy Substitute for bills which are the goals of the March, in h m trict of Columbia, is now FY '82 and the Fauntroy Amendment for the 98th Congress. serving his seventh term as a FY '83. A native of Washington, D.C, Congress- Member of Congress. He was the first Congressman Fauntroy has a rich back- man Fauntroy attended Virginia Union elected Congressional representative for ground as a civil rights activist and Chris- University and Yale University Divinity the District of Columbia in 100 years, and tian minister. He began his public career in School, where he earned a Bachelor of is the immediate past Chairman of the Con- 1959 as Pastor of the church of his child- Divinity Degree in 1958. He is a recipient gressional Black Caucus. He is also a hood, New Bethel Baptist Church, where of numerous awards, among them are member of the Congressional Black Cau- he continues to serve as Pastor. Dr. Martin Honorary Doctor of Divinity degrees con- cus Foundation Board of Directors. Luther King, Jr., appointed him Director of ferred by both his alma maters, and an Congressman Fauntroy serves on the the Washington Bureau of the Southern Honorary Doctor of Law degree, conferred Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Christian Leadership Conference where he by Georgetown University Law Center, for Affairs, where he is Chairman of the Sub- performed many valuable services for the his political leadership in bringing voting committee on Domestic Monetary Policy movement in the '60s. He was the D.C. rights to the citizens of the Nation's which has oversight over the Federal Coordinator for the historic March on capital. Reserve Bank, and the Committee on the Washington for Jobs and Freedom in He is married to the former Dorothy District of Columbia, where he is Chairman 1963. He was also coordinator of the Simms of Petersburg, Virginia. They are of the Subcommittee on Fiscal Affairs and Selma-to-Montgomery March in 1965, Vice the proud parents of a son, Marvin Keith. Health. Chairman of the D.C. City Council from He led the effort that culminated in 1967-1969 and the National Director of 1973, in the enactment of the Home Rule the Poor Peoples' Campaign in 1969. Charter that permitted election of the Congressman Fauntroy is also coor- District's own Mayor and City Council. In dinator of the National Black Leadership 1978, he engineered Congressional pass- Roundtable, composed of the heads of over age, by two-thirds majority in both cham- 150 national Black organizations. Under bers, of a proposed constitutional amend- his leadership, the NBLR developed and ment, now ratified by 13 states, to require issued the Black Leadership Family Plan full Congressional representation for for the Unity, Survival and Progress of District of Columbia citizens in the U.S. Black People. He is also Chairman of the Congress. In his capacity as Chairman of Board of the Southern Christian Leader- the CBC for the 97th Congress, he intro- ship Conference and Vice President for Government Affairs of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Non-Violent Social Change. In the 98th Congress, Congressman Fauntroy has worked to forge a "New Coalition of Conscience" made up of Blacks, women, Hispanics, church, labor, peace activists and whites of good will.He was National Director of the "20th Anni- versary March on Washington for Jobs, Peace and Freedom" which was mobilized by the Coalition and brought 500,000 people to Washington, D.C. on August 27, 1983. He now serves as Chairman of the Planning Council of the "New Coalition" as

9TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, TENNESSEE

HAROLDE. FORD

ongressman Harold Eugene committee on Health and the House Select trustee at Fisk University in Nashville, Ford represents Tennessee's Committee on Aging. Congressman Ford is Tennessee, and Rust College in Holly 9th Congressional District. the youngest member of Congress ever to Springs, Mississippi. He is also affiliated 1Comprised solely of the city of be selected as a Ways and Means Sub- with Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. Memphis, he has served this district since committee Chairperson. Since 1981, he He has received numerous awards and 1974 and is currently serving his fifth has served as Chairman of the House honorary degrees for his outstanding work term in the Congress of the United States. Ways and Means Subcommittee on Public as a Member of Congress including being He is the first and only Black Tennessean Assistance and Unemployment Compensa- named as the recipient of the Memphis ever to be elected to Congress. tion. His Subcommittee has jurisdiction Jaycees' "Outstanding Young Man of the A ranking member of the powerful ana over approximately $38 billion in pro- Year" award, and the Tennessee Jaycees' prestigious House Committee on Ways and grams including Aid to Families With "Outstanding Young Man of the Year" Means which has jurisdiction over all tax Dependent Children, Title XX and Sup- award. and revenue-raising legislation, as well as plemental Security Income under the Congressman Ford was born in Mem- the Social Security and Medicare Pro- Social Security Act, Child Welfare and phis, Tennessee, and is the eighth of fifteen grams, Congressman Ford is also a rank- Foster Care, Low Income Energy Assist- children of N.J. and Vera Ford. He received ing member of the Ways and Means Sub- ance, and Unemployment Compensation an Associate of Arts degree in Mortuary Insurance. Science from John Gupton College in Nash- Along with his committee responsibil- ville, Tennessee, a Bachelor of Science ities, Congressman Ford holds member- degree in Business Administration from ship on the Arts Caucus, the Democratic Tennessee State University, and an M.B.A. Study Group, and the Environmental and from Howard University in Washington, Energy Study Conference. D.C. He is married to the former Dorothy Prior to his election to the Congress, he Bowles of Memphis. They are the proud served two terms in the Tennessee Legisla- parents of three sons: Harold, Jr., Jake, ture. He was elected to this office at the and Sir Isaac. He and his family are mem- age of 25, and represented the same geo- bers of Mt. Moriah Baptist Church in graphic area of Memphis in which his Memphis. great grandfather served as a squire during the Post-Reconstruction Era. Congressman Ford is active in social and community activities in Memphis and throughout the country. He is a member of the National Advisory Board of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, the Metro- politan Memphis YMCA Board, and is a

2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, PENNSYLVANIA

WILLIAMH. GRAY, 111

v^^ ep. William H. Gray, 111, Gray also authored legislation which $10 million in bonding for minority busi- UWr from the Second Congres- provides at least 10 percent of the Agency nesses contracting with the Federal High- \u25a0\u25a0 sional District of Pennsyl- for International Development's develop- way Administration on transportation vania (Philadelphia), is serv- ment assistance funds be set-aside for projects. ing his third term in the House of Repre- minority businesses, private voluntary Pennsylvania, New York, and Florida sentatives. He is Vice-Chairman for Legis- organizations and historically Black col- are the three states targeted for this initia- lation of the Congressional Black Caucus, leges and universities. This legislation was tive. A total of $200 million in bonding for Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Brain- enacted in Nov. 1983 and makes available economically disadvantaged businesses trust, a member of the Congressional an additional $90 million in fiscal year willbe made available in the three demon- Black Caucus Foundation's Board of Direc- 1984 from the Agency for International stration states. tors and Chairman of the 1984 Black Cau- Development for minority participation in In addition, Gray authored an amend- cus Weekend. international development. Potentially $1 ment which was passed by the Transporta- Gray is the only member of the Congres- billion would be made available over the tion Subcommittee and provides $1 million sional Black Caucus sitting on the House next six years. for historically black colleges and univer- Budget Committee. During deliberations The Philadelphia Democrat was one of sities and economically disadvantaged on the budget resolution for fiscal year the first to raise concerns about a drought businesses to do transportation research. 1985, Gray secured a 3.5 percent increase that was the most severe to strike Africa in In fiscal year 1984, these groups received in federal health, nutrition, education, recent history and guided legislation that only $650,000 for such research. housing and other services for low-income resulted in an emergency supplemental Because of Gray's work in the Subcom- and unemployed people. Through Gray's appropriation of $150 million for food aid mittee on Transportation and the full efforts, the budget resolution in fiscal year to Africa and an additional $90 million in Appropriations Committee, the Committee 1984 contained 75 percent of Congres- commodity credit. Report on the 1984 Transportation Appro- sional Black Caucus funding recommenda- In the foreign operations appropriations priations Bill directs the Reagan Admin- tions. bill for fiscal year 1985, Gray increased istration to immediately develop regula- The Congressman has become a leading the amount of health assistance the United tions to carry out the Mitchell Amendment spokesman on African policy. In his first States sends to Africa by $15 million, to the Surface Transportation Act of 1983. term in Congress, he served on the Africa guaranteeing a minimum of $42 million for This amendment sets aside at least 10% Subcommittee of the Foreign Affairs Com- Africa in fiscal year 1985. of certain Department of Transportation mittee. He now serves on the Foreign Also in that bill, the Congressman in- contracts for minority contractors. Operations Subcommittee of the Appropri- cluded an amendment which directs the He received a bachelor of arts degree from ations Committee which funds all foreign Agency for International Development to Franklin and Marshall College in 1963, economic and military assistance. investigate its policies for hiring minorities earned his masters in divinity from Drew A leading voice against apartheid, Gray and women. Theological School in 1966 and his was the author of an historic amendment In the 96th Congress, he became the masters in theology from Princeton to the Export Administration Act which only freshman member in this century to Theological School in 1970. He completed prohibits any new investment by American pass legislation creating a new govern- graduate work at the University of companies in South Africa. This amendment agency, the African Development Pennsylvania, Temple University and ment was the first such sanction against Foundation, which began operating in Mansfield College at Oxford University, the apartheid regime in South Africa ever February 1984. The African Development England. passed by either chamber of Congress. It Foundation operates independently by He has been the pastor at Bright Hope received broad, bipartisan support and financing small-scale development projects Baptist Church in North Philadelphia since passed the House of Representatives on in African villages. 1972 and was the pastor at Union Baptist Oct. 27, 1983. Gray also serves on the Transportation Church in Montclair, N.J. from 1964 to As co-chairman of the Democratic Plat- Subcommittee of the House Appropria- 1972. form Committee, Gray's amendment for tions Committee. In that subcommittee, He is the founder and past president of economic sanctions against South Africa Gray initiated a new program for minority five non-profit housing corporations, which became part ofthe party's platform for the businesses and expanded two others. He have constructed more than $20 millionin 1984 presidential campaign. increased the Urban Mass Transit Admin- low and moderate income housing, and In the District of Columbia Committee, istration's (UMTA) demonstration bonding helped design the Philadelphia Mortgage where he chairs the Government Opera- program for minority businesses from $3 Plan which has produced more than $84 tions and Metropolitan Affairs Subcommit- millionto $5 million. million in residential mortgages for tee, Gray actively opposed an attempt to Gray initiated a second program, which Philadelphia's inner-city neighborhoods. override the District of Columbia City willbe patterned after the UMTA program, He is married to Andrea Dash of New Council's decision to remove all municipal to be administered by the Federal Highway Jersey. They are the parents of three sons, pension funds from investment in South Administration. This program willprovide William H., Justin Yates and Andrew Dash. Africa. The attempt was defeated. 37

IST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, INDIANA

KATIEHALL

ongresswoman Katie Hall of Service. InApril, 1983, she was elected the member of the NAACP, the American Asso- Gary, Indiana, is serving her Chairperson of the Census and Population ciation of University Women, the National m first full term as the repre- Subcommittee of the Post Office and Civil Council of Negro Women and the Alpha sentative from the Ist Con- Service Committee, a rare distinction for a Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. gressional District of Indiana. On Novem- freshman Member. Along with her regular Born in Mound Bayou, Mississippi, Con- ber 1, 1982, she won a special election to full-time duties, Congresswoman Hall is an gresswoman Hall received her B.S. degree fill out the term of the late Congressman active member of the Congressional Steel from Mississippi Valley State University Adam Benjamin. Simultaneously, she won Caucus, the Northeast/Midwest Coalition, and an M.S. degree from Indiana Univer- election to a full term. In winning the two and the Congressional Caucus for sity. She has also undertaken advanced elections, Congresswoman Hall became Women's Issues. educational studies at Indiana University the first Black woman to serve in the Indi- Prior to her election to Congress, Con- Northwest. She is the recipient of ana congressional delegation. gresswoman Hall served as an Indiana numerous awards for her contributions to Congresswoman Hall serves on two very State Representative for one term, and as the politicalarena and community life and important committees, Public Works and a State Senator from 1976 to 1982. Dur- is listed in Who's Who in the Midwest and Transportation, and Post Office and Civil ing her terms in the Indiana General Who's Who inBlack America. Amember of Assembly, she sponsored some of Van Buren Baptist Church, she and her Indiana's milestone legislation on compen- husband, John Hall, who is a principal in sation for victims of crime and rape victim the Gary Public School System and an in- assistance. She has held the positions of structor at Indiana University Northwest, Vice Chairperson of the Lake County are the parents of two daughters, Jacque- Democratic Organization, Secretary of the line and Junifer, and the guardians of one Indiana State Democratic Central Commit- niece, Michelle. tee, Chairperson of the 1980 Indiana Con- vention and Vice Chairperson for the Gary Housing Authority's Board of Commis- sioners. A former educator in the Gary Public School System, Congresswoman Hall is active in several professional organizations including the Indiana State Teachers Association, the National Education Association, the American Federation of Teachers (Local #4), the Gary Classroom Teacher Association, the Gary Council for Social Studies, and the Phi Delta Kappa Educational Sorority. Additionally, she is a

29TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA

AUGUSTUS (GUS) F.

HAWKINS — Gus Hawkins, Congressman Hawkins became a member Community Renewal Employment Act a now in his eleventh term, of the Joint Economic Committee which bill which would put nearly a million long- Congressmanrepresents the 29th Congres- studies and makes recommendations on term unemployed persons to work in jobs sional District of California economic policy, including fiscal policy, that would repair the nation's deteriorat- which includes a portion of Los Angeles and maintains data related to aggregate ing public facilities. In addition, Congress- and the cities of South Gate, Huntington economic activity. man Hawkins also used his position on the Park and Downey. He is the dean among From the beginning of his congressional Joint Committee on the Library to pass a the members of the Congressional Black career, he has introduced and secured the resolution authorizing a statuary memorial Caucus. passage of several vital pieces of legisla- of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to be placed Congressman Hawkins has had a distin- tion. In the 93rd Congress, Congressman in the Capitol. guished and extraordinarily productive Hawkins authored three landmark pieces Before his election to the Congress, Con- tenure as a Member of Congress. He cur- of legislation that were enacted: The gressman Hawkins served for 28 con- rently serves as the Chairman of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Preven- secutive years in the California State prestigious House Administration Commit- tion Act; The Community Services Act; and Assembly. While in the Assembly, he com- tee which has jurisdiction over U.S. House the CivilRights Act of 1974 that amended piled an impressive legislative record, personnel and operations and over federal Title VII. authoring over 100 laws. He also assumed election laws. He also serves as Acting During the 94th Congress, he intro- the powerful position of Chairman of the Chairman of the Committee on Education duced an amendment to the Domestic Rules Committee, and served as Chairman and Labor, where he is Chairman of its Volunteer Service Act of 1973 that ex- of the State Assembly Joint Legislative Subcommittee on Employment Oppor- tended the operation of certain programs Organization Committee, the highest Com- tunities. This Committee has authority by the ACTION Agency. In the 95th Con- mittee position in the State Assembly. over employment and training programs gress, Congressman Hawkins authored the Congressman Hawkins was born in and equal employment opportunity laws. CETA (Comprehensive Employment and Shreveport, Louisiana. At age 11, his fami- He also serves on the Subcommittee on Training Act) Amendments of 1978; the ly moved to Los Angeles. He earned a Elementary, Secondary and Vocational Youth Employment and Demonstration degree in Economics from the University of Education. In the last session of Congress, Projects Act; and the Pregnancy Disability California, Los Angeles, and attended Act (which overturned the Supreme Court's graduate classes at the University of Gilbert decision and prohibited discrimina- Southern California's Institute of Govern- tion based on pregnancy under Title VII). ment. He also received an honorary Doctor During the second session of the 95th of Law degree from Lincoln University. Congress, the Humphrey-Hawkins Full He is married to the former Mrs. Elsie Employment and Balanced Growth Act Taylor. was—signed into law. This legislative initiative introduced in the— Senate by the late Hubert H. Humphrey is designed to reac- tivate our national economic policy ap- paratus to encourage the reduction of unemployment and inflation. It mandates the orchestration of federal economic policy-making in order to achieve full employment and price stability, and includes strong anti-discrimination and labor standards provisions. In the 97th Congress, his Job Training Partnership Act was signed into law, and in the 98th Congress he has introduced the

IST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, ILLINOIS

CHARLES A. HAVES

ongressman Charles A. Hayes ists to serve in Congress after retiring in Chicago. More recently, he served as gk is serving his first term in the recently as the International Vice President one of the initial members of the Washing- m United States House of Repre- and Director of Region 12 of the United ton for Mayor Steering Committee and as sentatives, having been Food and Commercial Workers Union; the Chairman of the Washington for Mayor elected in August, 1983 to fill the seat left largest union within the AFL-CIO. Labor Committee. vacant by Mayor Harold Washington. He As an active and progressive trade As a Member of the House of Repre- represents the Ist Congressional District unionist, Congressman Hayes opened sentatives, Congressman Hayes continues of Illinois, an area including most of South many doors for Black Americans in the to support the working class. He introduced Central Chicago. Congressman Hayes has labor movement. He has been the leader in the Income and Jobs Action Act of 1984 been appointed to the Education and the successful fight for women in labor (H.R.5814), a bill which affirms that every Labor and Small Business Committees. (equal pay for equal work);for representa- American citizen is entitled to a good job at Congressman Hayes is the first elected tion of Blacks and women on all levels of decent wages or an income adequate to en- representative of rank and file trade union- union leadership; and for increased fringe sure a decent standard of living. This benefits and better conditions for all much needed legislation would act as a workers. Inresponse to the need for more call-to-action to prepare a full package of job opportunities and union training pro- local, state, and—national measures—pri- grams, Congressman Hayes organized the vate and public to provide employment Black Labor Leaders of Chicago which ad- and income for everyone in our society. dressed the need to prepare Black workers Congressman Hayes was born in Cairo, for skilled and semi-skilled positions. This Illinois and was educated in the public organization later became known as the school system there. He is married to the Coalition of Black Trade Unionists, a na- former Edna Miller and has two daughters, tional organization of which Congressman two step-sons and four grandchildren. Hayes is Executive Vice President, and which continues to provide increased access to executive decision-making positions for Blacks within the AFL-CIO. Congressman Hayes has been consistently involved in electoral politics and in 1974, was the first major Chicago leader to call for the establishment of a coalition to push for the election of a Black mayor. He chaired labor committees for the late Congressman Ralph Metcalfe and for Mayor Harold Washington's successful 1980 campaign. He was also part of the successful fight to retain three predominantly Black Congressional districts

18TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, TEXAS " GEORGE 'MICKEY LELAND Mickey Leland Protection and Finance, Health and Envi- represents the 18th Congres- ronment, and Census and Population. Con- CongressmanIsional District of Texas gressman Leland was elected Freshman (Houston). Now in his third Majority Whip in the 96th Congress and is term, he was first elected to Congress in the Chairman of the newly created House 1978. He is First Vice-Chairman of the Select Committee on Hunger. Congressional Black Caucus. Congressman Leland and other Mem- Congressman Leland is a member of the bers of the Energy and Commerce Commit- Energy and Commerce Committee, the tee held special hearings on the Post Office and Civil Service Committee underutilization of Blacks and other and the House Committee on the District of minorities inboth the performing and tech- Columbia. He is Chairman of the Subcom- nical aspects of the motion picture indus- mittee on Postal Personnel and Moderniza- try in Hollywood, California. He also has tion and serves on several subcommittees been vitally interested in U.S. immigration including Telecommunications, Consumer policy and U.S. foreign policy toward the Caribbean and Central America. Congressman Leland is a member of the Democratic National Committee and was a delegate to both the 1976 and 1980 Demo- cratic National Conventions. He served as the Chairman of the DNC's Commission on Low and Moderate Income Participation (known as the "Leland Commission"), was co-founder and co-chair of the DNC's Black-Hispanic Caucus, and is Chairman of the DNC's Black Caucus. Before his election to Congress, Con- gressman Leland served three terms in the Texas House of Representatives. Born in Lubbock, Texas, he is a graduate of Texas Southern University, where he received a B.S. degree in Pharmacy. In 1982, he was conferred an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from his alma mater. In 1983, Congressman Leland married the former Alison Walton, a third-year law student at the Georgetown University Law Center.

7TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, MARYLAND

PARREN J. MITCHELL

Parren J. Mitchell enterprise, Congressman Mitchell has had awarding contracts to minority subcon- P is serving his seventh term as much of his legislation on housing, tractors, potentially providing access to Congressmanthe representative of the 7th employment, health, and education billions of dollars for minority businesses. Congressional District of enacted into law. It has been said of him: A native of Baltimore, Maryland, Con- Maryland. He was elected as Maryland's "Parren J. Mitchell is more than a Con- gressman Mitchell was a professor at first Black Congressman in 1970 and gressman, he's an humanitarian." Morgan State University. He holds seven served as a past Chairman of the Congres- During his fourteen years in Congress, honorary degrees, including four Doctor of sional Black Caucus. He is also a member Congressman Mitchell has served with dis- Humane Letters, two Doctor of Laws and of the Board of Directors of the Congres- tinction as a Member of the House Budget one Doctor of Social Sciences. He has sional Black Caucus Foundation. Committee and Vice Chairman of the Joint received over 400 awards from numerous In September, 1983, at the time of the Committee on Defense Production. Present- national and local consumer, civil rights, Thirteenth Annual Congressional Black ly, he serves as Chairman of the Small business, and economic organizations. The Caucus Foundation Awards Dinner, Con- Business Committee, a Whip-At-Large, a awards are from such diverse groups as gressman Mitchell was introduced as "the senior Member of the House Banking, the National Alliance of Black Educators, conscience of the Congressional Black Finance, and Urban Affairs Committee, the Southern Christian Leadership Confer- Caucus." He conceived the creation of the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Hous- ence, the Morehouse Alumni, the Joint "Braintrusts" to support the work of the ing, Minority Enterprise, and Economic Center for Political Studies, the Greater Caucus. Although heralded for his advo- Development of the Congressional Black New Haven (Connecticut) Business and cacy for minority and small business Caucus, and a member of the Joint Professional Association, the Minority Economic Committee. Contractors of Dayton, Ohio, the Alaska In 1976, Congressman Mitchell attached Black Caucus, and the Consumer Federa- to then President Carter's $4 billionPublic tion of America. Works bill, an amendment that compelled Ithas been said of—him: "Parren Mitchell state, county, and municipal governments obeys no paymaster he is his own man seeking federal grants, to set aside 10% of and owes no allegiance to anyone except each grant to retain minority firms as con- his people; not only those of his 7th Con- tractors, subcontractors, or suppliers. This gressional District of Maryland, but those single amendment resulted in more than across the nation." $625 million (15%) going to legitimate minority firms. After numerous court challenges, "The Mitchell Amendment" was upheld as constitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in July, 1980. Congressman Mitchell authorized a similar provision in the Surface Transpor- tation Assistance Act of 1983. As a result, approximately $7 billion willbe set aside over the next four years for minority businesses. He also introduced legislation which, in 1978, became Public Law 95-507. This law requires proposals from federal contractors to set specific goals for

12TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, NEW YORK

MAJOR R. OWENS

Major R. Owens, Transportation and Manpower and Hous- of the Community Media Program at now in his first term, repre- ing), Congressman Owens also co-chairs Columbia University, and was Community Congressman.;! sents the newly-created 12th the House Freshman Caucus Task Force Coordinator at the Brooklyn Public Congressional District of New on Employment. He has made a federal Library, one of the largest systems in the York. Congressman Owens' district in- full employment-based economic recovery country. He combined these professional cludes some neighborhoods formerly policy his main legislative priority. endeavors with a record of vigorous ac- represented by now-retired Congress- His legislative career began with his tivism on behalf of social and economic woman Shirley A.Chisholm. 1974 election to the New York State Senate justice. He chaired the Brooklyn Congress A member of the House Education and from the Brownsville and East New York on Racial Equality; was Vice President of Labor Committee (and its Subcommittees sections of Brooklyn. In the Senate, he the Metropolitan Council on Housing, a on Employment Opportunities; Human chaired the Senate Day Care Task Force, city-wide tenants rights group, and was a Resources; Post-Secondary Education; and and served on its Finance and Social Ser- member of the International Commission Labor Standards) and the Committee on vices Committees, among others. on Ways of Implementing Social Policy to Government Operations (and its Subcom- Congressman Owens' governmental Ensure Maximum Public Participation and mittees on Government Activities and experience also included six years of dis- Social Justice for Minorities, at The Hague, tinguished service as Commissioner of Netherlands, in 1972. New York City's Community Development Born in Memphis Tennessee, he has Agency— an agency that controlled all of made his home in Brooklyn for more than the city's anti-poverty programs. He was twenty-five years. He is the father of three appointed to this post by then Mayor John sons. Lindsay on the basis of his record at the Brownsville Community Council where, in the mid-sixties, he won plaudits for his leadership and management of this neighborhood-based anti-poverty program. A librarian by profession, Congressman Owens also is involved in several issues affecting libraries. He has been a leader in the fight against the Reagan Administra- tion's efforts to place library services in the same category as dry cleaning and janitorial services, so that they can be more easily contracted out instead of being performed by employees of federal agencies. Congressman Owens is a graduate of Morehouse College, and received a Masters degree in Library Science from Atlanta University. He also was an Adjunct Professor of Library Science and Director

16TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, NEW YORK

CHARLES B. RANGEL

Charles B. Ran- passing the 1971 amendment to the gel represents New York's federal drug law which authorized the CongressmanI16th Congressional District, President to cut off all military and an area covering the neigh- economic aid to any country that refused borhoods of East and Central Harlem, the to cooperate with the United States in stop- Upper Westside and Roosevelt Island. He ping the international traffic in drugs. In is now serving his seventh term in the 1976, he was appointed by the Speaker to House of Representatives, having first the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse been elected in November, 1970. and Control. He is regarded as one of the In the present 98th Congress, Congress- leading congressional experts on this sub- man Rangel serves as the Chairman of the ject. Ways and Means Subcommittee on Over- He served as Chairman of the Congres- sight. He is the third ranking member of sional Black Caucus in 1974-75, and was the Ways and Means Committee: The Con- also a member of the Judiciary Committee gressman is also the Chairman of the when it voted its historic articles of Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and impeachment against former President Control. In addition to his Chairman Nixon. In 1975, he moved to the Ways and responsibilities, Congressman Rangel is Means Committee, becoming the first also a Deputy Whip for the Democratic Black to serve on this Committee. Two Party in the House of Representatives. years later, his colleagues inthe New York In his initial term, Congressman Rangel Congressional delegation voted him the was appointed by the Speaker to the Select Majority Regional Whip for New York Committee on Crime. He was influential in State. Congressman Rangel was born in Har- lem in 1930. He attended the old P.S. 89, the Frederick Douglass Junior High School and DeWitt Clinton High School. He en- listed in the U.S. Army and was on active duty from 1948-1952, served with the U.S. Seventh Infantry Division in Korea, and was awarded the Purple Heart and the Bronze Star for valor. Upon completion of his military service, Congressman Rangel attended New York University where he graduated in 1957 as a Dean's List student with a B.S. degree. Three years later, he graduated from St. John's University School of Law, where he was on the Law Review. He was admitted to the New York Bar in 1960. In 1961, the Congressman was appointed Assistant U.S. Attorney in the Southern District of New York by then U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy. He was appointed by President Johnson to the National Advisory Commission on Selec- tive Service in 1966, and was elected to the first of two terms in the New York State Assembly the same year. Congressman Rangel is married to the former Alma Carter. They are the parents of a son, Steven and a daughter, Alicia.

2ND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, ILLINOIS

GUS SAVAGE

ongressman Gus Savage, now Urban Development to provide funds for MS \u25a0 in his second term, represents and implement a law designed to curb fore- 9r m the 2nd Congressional District closures in areas of high unemployment. of Illinois. From his position He authored an affirmative action amend- in Congress, he continues to reflect a life- ment to the Goal Slurry legislation and long commitment to jobs, justice, and eco- sponsored several other pieces of legisla- nomic leverage for Blacks and other minor- tion, including a bill that requires the ities. federal government to make interest Congressman Savage serves on the payments on overdue amounts to business Public Works and Transportation Commit- and legislation to honor the memory of the tee (and on the Public Buildings and late Joe Louis. Grounds, Water Resources and Surface A political activist since 1946, he has Transportation Subcommittees); the Small achieved a number of notable victories on Business Committee, and the Post 'Office behalf of Black people. He successfully led and CivilService Committee. fights for veterans' housing, the hiring of During the 97th Congress, Congress- Blacks in Chicago department stores and man Savage was an active co-sponsor of integration of Chicago restaurants. He was the Voting Rights Act. He successfully per- also instrumental in helping Blacks to ob- suaded the Department of Housing and tain and rent previously segregated housing; led the push for Black representation on the Chicago City Council, and was the impetus behind the first Black candidate being placed on the ballot for Mayor of Chicago. After completing his graduate studies, Congressman Savage commenced a 25-year career in publishing, and in 1970 founded the Chicago Black Publishers Association. He served as its first chairman. Congressman Savage maintains a weekly column in over 50 newspapers nationally, and broadcasts a weekly public affairs radio program, "Gus Savage Reports," on several Chicago radio stations. Born in Detroit, Michigan, Congressman Savage has lived in Chicago since 1930. He holds a bachelor's degree in philosophy from Roosevelt University, Chicago. He has also done graduate work in political science and history at Roosevelt Univer- sity, and has attended Chicago-Kent Col- lege of Law. Congressman Savage also has received numerous awards, including "Freshman Congressman of the Year" from the State Conference of the NAACP and the "Presidential Award" from the Cook County Bar Association. He is the father of a son, Thomas, and a daughter, Emma.

21ST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, OHIO

LOUIS STOKES

November 5, 1968, Louis Chairman of the Congressional Black ond Annual American Black Achievement Stokes was elected Congress- Caucus Health Braintrust and President of Awards. His nomination was based upon man of the 21st Congres- the Board of Directors of the Congressional his becoming the first Black tohead a ma- OnBsional District of Ohio on his Black Caucus Foundation. jor congressional investigation and to first try for public office. By virtue of his On September 21, 1976, Congressman preside over nationally televised hearings election, he became the firstBlack member Stokes was appointed by Speaker Carl which revealed new facts on the assassina- of Congress from the state of Ohio. On Albert to serve on the Select Committee to tions of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and November 2, 1982, he was re-elected to Conduct an Investigation and Study of the President Kennedy. his eighth term in Congress. During his Circumstances Surrounding the Death of On September .27, 1980, at the Congres- first term in Congress, he served as a President John F. Kennedy and the Death sional Black Caucus Weekend Awards Pro- member of the Education and Labor Com- of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. On March 8, gram, Congressman Stokes was presented mittee and the House Un-American Activ- 1977, Speaker Thomas P. "Tip" O'Neill the William L. Dawson Award by his col- ities Committee, which was renamed the appointed Congressman Stokes Chairman leagues in the Congressional Black House Internal Security Committee. of this Committee. On December 31, 1978, Caucus. This coveted and prestigious In his second term of office, he was Congressman Stokes completed these award was made to him in recognition of appointed the first Black member ever to historic investigations and filed with the his "unique leadership in the development sit on the Appropriations Committee of the House of Representatives 27 volumes of of legislation." The Congressman is also House. On February 8, 1972, Louis Stokes hearings, a Final Report and Recommen- the recipient of eight honorary doctorate was elected as Chairman of the Congres- dations for Administrative and Legislative degrees and numerous other awards for sional Black Caucus. He served two con- Reform. his legislative achievements and his ser- secutive terms in this office. In addition to InFebruary, 1980, Congressman Stokes vice to the Black community. his seat on the powerful Appropriations was appointed by Speaker O'Neill to the Prior to his election, Congressman Committee, he was elected by the Demo- House Committee on Standards of Official Stokes practiced law for 14 years in Cleve- cratic Caucus to serve on the newly-formed Conduct (Ethics Committee). On January land, Ohio and was chief trial counsel for Budget Committee of the House. He was 28, 1981, the Congressman was elected the law firm of Stokes, Character, Perry, re-elected to the Budget Committee twice, Chairman of this Committee. He was re- Whitehead, Young and Davidson. As a serving a total of six years. He is also Co- elected to serve as the Ethics Committee practicing lawyer, he participated in Chairman at the beginning of the 98th Con- several cases in the United States Supreme gress. Court. In 1968, he personally argued the In January, 1981, Congressman Stokes landmark "stop and frisk" case of Terry became the Senior Democratic Represen- vs. Ohio in that court. Congressman Stokes tative from Ohio and he serves as the Dean is a native of Cleveland. His wife Jeanette of the Ohio Democratic Congressional (Jay) is also a member of the Congres- Delegation. Congressman Louis Stokes sional Black Caucus Foundation's Board of was appointed by the Speaker of the Directors. They are the parents of four House to the House Permanent Select children: Shelly, Louis C., Angela, and Committee on Intelligence in the 98th Con- Lorene. gress. The Committee has legislative, authorization and oversight jurisdiction over the intelligence agencies and intelligence-related activities of federal agencies. In 1979, he was nominated by Ebony Magazine in three categories for the Sec-

11TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, NEW YORK

ED TOWNS

ongressman Ed Towns is serv- & Humanities Caucus, Export Task Force, Iing his first term as represen- Shipyard Coalition, Northeast-Midwest tative from the newly created Coalition, Steel Caucus, Caucus on CM11th District of New York Women's Issues, Space Caucus, Footwear (Brooklyn). He was elected with 90% of Caucus and the Congressional Black the vote. Caucus Task Force on Haitian Refugees. Congressman Towns serves on the Congressman Towns' varied career in- House Public Works and Transportation cludes work in health care, youth pro- Committee, Subcommittees on Economic grams, minority education programs for Development and Aviation; the House the elderly, and community advocacy. He Government Operations Committee, and has taught in the New York City Public the Subcommittee on Intergovernmental School system, has served as a director at Relations and Government Information. He the Metropolitan Hospital and was the was appointed by the Speaker to serve on Assistant Administrator at Beth Israel the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse Hospital. He is a former professor at and Control. Medgar Evers College in Brooklyn and a Secretary of the Congressional Black lecturer on Urban Issues at Fordham Caucus, Congressman Towns is a member University. Congressman Towns has of the Hispanic Caucus, Poor Caucus, Arts served as Democratic State Committeeman from Brooklyn's 40th Assembly District for the past ten years. Congressman Towns was the first Black to serve as Deputy Borough President in Brooklyn. The recipient of several awards including the Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. Award, Congressman Towns serves on the Board of Directors of the American Red Cross and Kings County Boy Scouts. He is on the Advisory Board of the Medgar Evers College, the former President of the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, and a member of the Adelphi University Alumni Association Academy of Distinction. A native of Chadbourn, North Carolina, Congressman Towns received his B.A. from North Carolina A&T University in Greensboro and a masters degree in Social Work from Adelphi University in Garden City, New York. A member of Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, he served in the United States Army from 1956-1958. He is married to the former Gwendolyn Forbes and they have two children— Darryl and Deidra. The Towns' are active members of the Forbes Temple Church.

STH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, MISSOURI

ALAJM WHEAT

iK:

59 CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS FOUNDATION 14TH ANNUALLEGISLATIVE WEEKEND SCHEDULE OF EVENTS

12:00 p.m.-2:00 p.m. 2:00 p.m.-4:30 p.m. CBCF Issue Forum CBCF Issue Forum 7:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. "Strategies for Black Political and Economic Black Family Conference Registration -Concourse Level Empowerment" Black Family Roles and Economic Lincoln East Room Mobility 7:15 a.m.-8:30 a.m. "The Parental Role in Black Children's D.C. Chamber of Commerce— 12:00 p.m.-2:30 p.m. Status Attainment" Women in Business Breakfast D.C. Chamber of Commerce Dr. Philip Bowman, University of Illinois Opening Session Women InBusiness (Formerly with the Institute for Survey Speaker: Honorable Charlene Drew Jarvis Working Luncheon Research, University of Michigan) "Toward Economic Empowerment" "Let's Make A Deal"—Procurement to the "Single Parent and Economically Mobile Jefferson Room Public/Private Sector Securing and Negotiating Contracts Black Family Support Strategies" 9:30 a.m.-ll:50 a.m. Jefferson Room Dr. Harriette McAdoo, School of Social Work D.C. Chamber of Commerce Howard University Women inBusiness 1:00 p.m.-3:00 p.m. "Family Support for Pregnant Adolescents" "The Self Esteem of Black Women" CBCF Issue Forum Dr. Joyce Ladner, School of Social Work Ms. Ton! Luck, President, Luck Enterprises International AffairsSeminar Howard University Jefferson Room Foreign Policy and Southern Africa Georgetown Room Dr. Marsha Coleman, CBCF Senior Research 9:30 a.m. Analyst 2:45 p.m.-4:00 p.m. CBCF Issue Forum Moderator D.C. Chamber of Commerce Black Family Conference Women inBusiness Opening Session Congressman William H. Gray, 111, Stress, Health and the Businesswoman Georgetown Room Pennsylvania Ms. Virginia Kellogg, President "United States Investments Southern in Kellogg Stress Management Institute 9:45 a.m.-10:30 a.m. Africa" Monroe Room CBCF Issue Forum Dr. WillardJohnson, MlT—Professor, Black Family Conference Political Science Plenary Address "Public Actions to Influence U.S. Foreign 3:00 p.m.-5:00 p.m. "The Societal and Historical Context of Relations" CBCF Issue Forum Black Family Adaptation" International AffairsSeminar Dr. John Ogbu, Department of Anthropology Mr. Edmond 0. Z. Chipumaungu, The Caribbean -AfterGrenada University of California Zimbabwean Ambassador to the United Mr. Leo Edwards, Caribbean Consultant, Georgetown Room States Moderator "Zimbabwean Efforts to Build Relations 10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m. with African Americans" Dr. Vincent McDonald, Chairman Economics Department, Howard University CBCF Issue Forum Dr. Sylvia Hill,Professor Black Family Conference "The Current Economic Issues in the Department of Criminal Justice Caribbean— AfterGrenada" Developing Competence inBlack University of the District of Columbia Children "The Role of Support Groups in Social Dr. EliotParris, Professor, Howard University 'Measuring Competence in Black Newborns: Reconstruction in War Torn Southern "Cultural Institutions in the Caribbean- The First Two Months" Africa" After Grenada" Dr. Pearl Rosser, M.D. Lincoln West Room Ms. Cathy Sunshine, EPICA Department of Pediatrics and Child Health University "The Reaction of Caribbean Governments to Howard Political Opposition in the Post-Bishop "The Toddler and Infant Experience" Era" (w/Videotape) Ambassador Dessima Williams, Grenadian Dr. Grace Massey, Clinical Psychologist Ambassador to the O.A.S. under the late Institute for Development Studies Prime Minister Maurice Bishop Oakland, California "What Future for the Caribbean— After "Resilience and Vulnerability: Black Grenada" Children's Evolving Self and Society" Lincoln West Room Dr. Margaret Spencer, Department of Educational Psychology 5:00 p.m.-7:00 p.m. Emory University CBCF Distinguished Lecture Series Georgetown Room Dr. Charles Hamilton, Sayre Professor of Government, Columbia University "PoliticalReform and Social Policies: Impact Upon Minorities and the Poor" Monroe Room

61 THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 27 10:00 a.m.-12:00 p.m. 1:00p.m.-3:00 p.m. CBCF Issue Forum CBCF and Black Leadership Forum 7:30 a.m.-4:00 p.m. International AffairsSeminar AffirmativeAction Registration "Haiti:Addressing The Problems ofHaitian "Layoffs and Model State Legislation" Refugees— The Challenge of Human Ms. Althea Simmons, Washington Bureau, 8:30 a.m.-10:30 a.m. Rights and Economic Development" NAACP D.C. Chamber of Commerce iVloderator Women inBusiness Congressman Walter E. Fauntroy, Why Business? District of Columbia "Affirmative Action Concepts: Some Pros How to Begin, YourBusiness Plan Moderator and Cons" Mr. Leroy Clark, Professor of Law What Type ofBusiness to Select Congressman Julian C. Dixon, California Ms. Blanche HiteCarr, Vice President — Catholic University Law School Mr.Bob MaGuire InterAmerica Foundation (Formerly Counsel, Equal Employ- Pryde, Roberts and Company Roy Bryce-LaPort— General Mr. S. Smithsonian Opportunity Commission) Monroe Room Institution ment Mr.Fritz Longchamp— Haitian Refugee "The Memphis Firefighters Case and Its 9:00 a.m.-10:30 a.m. Project Implications" CBC Education Braintrust Lincoln West Room Mr.Peter Sherwood, NAACP "Higher Education— Technical Assistance to Legal Defense and Education Fund Black Colleges and Community Organiza- 10:45 a.m.-12:15 p.m. "Worksharing Legislation As A Solution To tions" CBC Education Braintrust Jefferson Room The Layoff Dilemma" "Labor and Youth Unemployment- Ms. Linda Ittner Responses" 9:00 a.m.-12:00 p.m. Community Select Committee on Children, Youth and Black Women's Agenda Jefferson Room Families Keynote Speaker 10:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m. U.S. House of Representatives "Women's Issues in 1984" Exhibits Lincoln East Room "Black Women in Transition" ExhibitHall Ms. Paula Giddings, Author 1:00 p.m.-3:00 p.m. When and Where 1Enter 11:45 a.m.-12:30 p.m. CBCF Issue Forum D.C. Chamber of Commerce International Affairs Seminar "Vulnerability andResponsibility" Women InBusiness Immigration and Economic Development Discussion Groups "Financing for YourBusiness and Yourself: in the Third World International Ballroom East Banking, Real Estate, Stocks, Insurance" Ms. Cecilee Counts, Moderator Monroe Room 10:00 a.m.-12:00 p.m. Southern Africa CBCF Issue Forum 12:30 p.m.-3:00 p.m. Dr. Bernard Magubane, Professor Black Family Conference Black Women's Agenda University of Connecticut Work and Family "Black Women andPoliticalCareers" Dr. Ofoatey Kodjoe, Queens College "Work and Family Responsibilities ofBlack Luncheon Single Mothers" Central America Honorable Maxine Waters Congressman Mefvyn Dymally, California Malson, Center for Research M. Dr. Micheline California State Assemblywoman Mr. Francisco Campbell, 2nd Secretary on Women Nicaraguan Embassy Wellesley College Wrap-Up Session "Where Do We Go From Here" United States "The Quality of Family Lifeand Provider Ms. Maya Angelou Congressman Robert Garcia, New York Role Strain Among Black Husband- International Ballroom East Lincoln West Room Fathers" Dr. Philip Bowman, University of Illinois 12:30 p.m.-1:45 p.m. (Formerly with the Institute of Survey Re- CBC Education Braintrust search—University of Michigan) Educational Task Force Luncheon Military "Dual Earner Black Families: Changing Sex Room and Occupational Roles" Dr. Geraldine Brookins, Jackson State University Georgetown Room

62 1:30p.m.-3:30 p.m. 3:30 p.m.-4:30 p.m. 9:30 a.m.-12:00 p.m. CBCF Issue Forum CBCF Issue Forum CBC Legislative Workshop Black Family Conference Black Family Conference Housing Family School Interaction and Student Roundtable Discussion "Housing in the 1980's" Achievement Dr. Valora Washington, School ofHuman Congressman Parren J. Mitchell, Maryland "Why Poor Children Succeed or Fail" Ecology Chairman Dr. James Comer, M.D. Howard University Child Studies Center, Yale University 9:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m. Dr. Walter Allen CBC Legislative Workshop "Black Children's Behavioral Skills in the Center for Afro-American and African Studies Defense Policy Home and at School" University of Michigan "A Call for Peace" Dr. Bertha Garrett Holliday Georgetown Room Congressman Ronald V. Dellums, California Department of Psychology and Human Chairman Development 3:30 p.m.-5:30 p.m. Vanderbilt University CBCF and Community Video Inter- 9:30 a.m.-1:30 p.m. national CBC Legislative Workshop "Parental Expectations and Black Student "Making the Media Work for Black Achievement in Private Schools" Drugs Candidates" "The Effects of Drug Abuse on the Black Dr. Diana Slaughter, School ofEducation Lincoln East Room Northwestern University Community" 4:00 p.m.-6:00 p.m. Congressman Charles B. Rangel, New York "School Achievement of Children from Single Chairman Parent Black Families" Exhibits Exhibit Dr. Diane Scott-Jones, Department of Hall 9:30 a.m.-3:00 p.m. Psychology 7:00 p.m. CBC Legislative Workshop North Carolina State University Exhibit Reception Communications Georgetown Room Exhibit Hall Congresswoman Cardiss Collins, Illinois Chairperson 2:00 p.m.-2:45 p.m. CBC Education Braintrust FRIDAY,SEPTEMBER 28 9:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m. "Education and Legislation— The role of CBC Legislative Workshop elected officials in insuring equity and Energy 8:30 a.m.-9:00 quality education in their national, state, a.m. "Economic Empowerment in Energy CBC Legislative Workshop city, and local community" Industries" Plenary Session Jefferson Room Congressman Mickey Leland, Texas 345 Cannon House Office Building Chairman 2:30 p.m.-4:00 p.m. 9:00 a.m.-12:45 p.m. D.C. Chamber of Commerce 9:45 a.m.-5:00 p.m. CBC Legislative Workshop Women inBusiness CBC Legislative Workshop Education "How to Market Your Business: Advertising, " Health Promotions, Public Relations" Effective Schools: How &Why They Congressman Louis Stokes, Ohio Dr. Gaynelle Henderson, Vice President Work" Congressman Charles A. Hayes, Illinois Henderson Travel Service, Inc. Congressman Augustus F. Hawkins, Chairmen Monroe Room California Chairman 10:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m. 2:45 p.m.-3:30 p.m. 9:30 a.m.-12:00 p.m. CBC Legislative Workshop CBC Education Braintrust CBC Legislative Workshop Voter Participation "Lobbying Elected Officials" Aging "The Arithmetic of Black Political Power— Jefferson Room "The Impact of the 1981-84 Budget Cuts on 1984" Congressman Walter E. Fauntroy, District of 3:00 p.m.-5:00 p.m. the Black Elderly" Congressman Harold E. Ford, Tennessee Columbia CBCF Issue Forum Chairman International AffairsSeminar Chairman The Future Of The UnitedNations On 9:30 a.m.-12:00 p.m. 10:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m. The Eve OfIts 40th Anniversary CBC Legislative Workshop CBC Legislative Workshop Mr. Randall Robinson, Executive Director Criminal Justice Corporate Affairs TransAfrica, Moderator Congressman John Conyers, Jr., Michigan "Ladder to Success" Dr. Archie Singham, Professor— C.C.N.Y. Chairman Congressman Julian C. Dixon, California Dr. Theo-Ben Gurirab, SWAPO Representative Chairman to the United Nations Lincoln West Room

63 10:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m. 1:45 p.m.-3:00 p.m. S 111HIP 11, SIVTIMKHR 29 CBC Legislative Workshop D.C. Chamber of Commerce Women and Politics Women InBusiness 8:30 a.m. "Black Women inPolitics" "Legislative Strategies and Lobbying CBCF Prayer Breakfast Congresswoman Katie Hall, Indiana the Political Process" Crystal Ballroom Congresswom'an Cardiss Collins, Illinois Ms. Dana Brewington Stebbins, Esq. Chairpersons Washington Hilton Hotel 10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. Monroe Room Exhibits 10:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m. Exhibit Hall Exhibits 2:00 p.m.-4:00 p.m. ExhibitHall CBC Legislative Workshop 10:30 a.m. Blacks and Agriculture Brunch Fashion Show 11:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m. Congressman Edolphus Towns, New York International Ballroom CBC Legislative Workshop- Chairman International Affairs Africa 11:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. "South Africa: Sanctions or Constructive 2:00 p.m.-5:00 p.m. National Junior Tennis League Engagement" CBC Legislative Workshop Tournament "Minority Business: Opportunity in United Labor Shoreham Hotel Tennis States Foreign Assistance" "Problems in Organized Labor" Court Congressman WilliamH. Gray, 111, Congressman Charles A. Hayes, Illinois 6:00 p.m.-7:00 p.m. Pennsylvania Chairman Chairman General Reception 2:30 p.m.-4:45 p.m. Terrace Level 1:00 p.m.-4:00 p.m. CBC Legislative Workshop CBC Legislative Workshop 6:00 p.m.-7:00 p.m. Education Very Special Reception International Affairs-Caribbean "Education Networking: Pathway to Power" Jefferson Room "Trade &Business Opportunities inthe Congressman Major R. Owens, New York Caribbean" Chairman 7:30 p.m. Congressman Mervyn M.Dymally, California CBCF Awards Dinner Chairman 3:1.5 p.m.-4:30 p.m. International Ballroom D.C. Chamber of Commerce 1:30 p.m.-4:00 p.m. Women InBusiness CBC Legislative Workshop Coalition Building and Networking MinorityBusiness Washington Hilton Hotel Congressman Parren J. Mitchell, Maryland Monroe Room Chairman 6:00 p.m.-10:00 p.m. Exhibits ExhibitHall 8:00 p.m. Cabaret Concert Sheraton Washington Hotel 10:30 p.m. Midnight Fashion Show International Ballroom

64 Fourteenth Annual Legislative Weekend September 26-29, 1984 Washington Hilton Hotel EXHIBITFLOOR PLAN

66 THE CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS FOUNDATION

DISTINGUISHED LECTURE SERIES POLITICAL REFORM ANDSOCIAL PRESENTS: POLICIES: IMPACT UPON MINORITIES CHARLES V. HAMILTON A\:D THEPOOR SEPTEMBER 26, 1984 5:00 P.M.

Dr. Charles V. Hamilton is the opening/scholar Doren Teaching Award from Columbia College, lecturer for the 1984-85 Congressional Black and the honor of serving as a Phi Beta Kappa Caucus Foundation's Distinguished Fellows Lec- Visiting Lecturer from 1973-74. ture Series. Dr. Hamilton, the Wallace S. Sayre He has written numerous articles which have Professor of Government at Columbia Univer- appeared in such distinguished publications as sity in New York, willaddress "PoliticalReform the Harvard Educational Review, the Wisconsin and Social Policies: Impact Upon Minorities and Law Review, the Political Science Quarterly, the the Poor." New York Times Magazine, Black Digest, Pro- Prior to his joining the faculty at Columbia gressive, the Journal of International Affairs, University in 1969, Dr. Hamilton taught at Black Scholar, the Public Interest, and the State Roosevelt University in Chicago, Illinois;Lincoln of Black America: National Urban League. University in Oxford, Pennsylvania; Rutgers Dr. Hamilton's academic training includes a University in Newark, New Jersey; Tuskegee Bachelor of Arts degree from Roosevelt Univer- Institute, in Tuskegee, Alabama; Albany State sity in Chicago, Illinois, a masters degree, a College in Georgia and Miles College in Fairfield, Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, and a Alabama. Dr. Hamilton is a noted author. He co- Juris Doctor from Loyola University School of authored Black Power in1967 with Stokely Car- Law in Chicago. He is presently the Vice Presi- michael. His other books include. . .Black dent of the American Political Science Associa- Experience in American Politics, The Bench and tion and a member of the Boards of Trustees for the Ballot, Southern Federal Judges, and Amer- the Twentieth Century Fund and the New York ican Government. Foundation. He serves on the Editorial Board of Dr.Hamilton is the recipient of many awards, the Political Science Quarterly and the Board of honors, and fellowships including the University Directors of the International Center for Ethnic of Chicago Professional Award, the Roosevelt Studies in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Dr. Hamilton is University Alumni Award, the Lindback Distin- also a member of the Council of Foreign Rela- guished Teaching Award from Lincoln Univer- tions and a consultant for the Ford Foundation. sity, a Guggenheim Fellowship, the Mark Van

67 CONCERT

?41 r CONCERT THE MANHATTANS first Black females ever, to appear at the Grand 01' Opry. Manhattans, celebrating In 1978, after taking a break from tour- Welcome nineteen years in show business, ing and recording, the Pointer Sisters Theibegan singing their smooth, reso- found Richard Perry. Perry has just com- The Manhattans nant harmonies on the streets of New York pleted his sixth LP with the Pointers en- and New Jersey in the late '50s. This titled,Break Out. The new record is indeed unique singers testimony to the success of this long stand- to blend of includes Blue Tribute Lovett, Kenny Kelley, Sonny ing relationship. It's getting back to the Congresswoman Katie Hall Bivins and Gerald Alston. "Yes We Can Can" sound, only using syn- The story of the Manhattans reaches thesizers, drums and a completely modern The Pointer Sisters back to 1961, when a Macon, Georgia, G.I. beat. The Pointers say, "it shows how named Edward "Sonny" Bivins and a much we've really grown up." friend came to New York after an Air Force stint in Germany, to team up with three others as the Dulcets. Their one and only recording "Pork Chops" remains a mythi- cal item among R&B collectors. In 1962, the Dulcets split up. Sonny Bivins and his service mate, Richard Taylor got together with Blue Lovett and the late lead singer George "Smitty" Smith and formed the Manhat- tans. They chose the name Manhattans because they used to spend a lot of time singing around 116th Street in Harlem, and they liked the name. The Manhattans have recorded such popular songs as "I Wanna Be (Your Everything)", "Kiss and Say Goodbye," "Here Comes the Hurt Again," "Shining Star," "Crazy" and "Forever by Your Side."

THE POINTER SISTERS retrospect, the Pointer Sisters' :>: > musical horizons were limited to a /nf'strict gospel sound. Reverend and Mrs. Pointer felt that this was a good way to protect the Pointer children from "the fast lived lives in the blues and jazz worlds." Born and raised in the Bay Area, Oak- land, California to be exact, the Pointer Sisters found it difficult to resist the sounds of the early 19705. They sang backup behind such people as Dave Mason and Elvin Bishop at the Fillmore West and in 1973, the Pointers played L.A.'s Troubadour. Two gold albums, hit singles and world tours followed. They were the

69 BYROBERT L. GREEN

FUTURE TRENDS INAMERICANETHNICRELATIONS danger in addressing a sub- Since the human species presumably nation to seek out those in whose veins he /\u25a0 ject as complex and abstract began populating the earth from a single thinks flows the same blood as flows inhis as ethnicity is we may location, in immigrants. Horowitz, /-\u25a0-™- that we are all a sense own." Donald L. among many \u25a0*\u25a0 become entangled in seman- As our forebears ventured forth, they did others, however, stresses the "heavily con- tics. So much has been written on the so bonded together as families, clans, textual" nature of ethnicity, noting that its topic, from so many perspectives, that we tribes, and the like. Over time, genetic drift development, its features, and its intensity could fill this journal merely defining con- and flow combined with the laws of seem related to changes in the environ- cepts. But Iwill be more general and, I ecology to create physical differences ment.2 hope, more useful. Iwill define as briefly among the various groups. Differences It seems probable that the primordial as possible concepts necessary to under- also arose among languages, religions, and the circumstantial interact to deter- standing ethnicity. I will then discuss and cultures. Meanwhile, social organiza- mine the quality and extent of ethnicity. societal conditions that appear intercon- tions grew and became more complex. Perhaps Schermerhorn, in Comparative nected with ethnic relations. Finally, Iwill Groups learned to cooperate and trade Ethnic Relations, best captured the outline ways that shifting conditions might with one another; they also learned con- vagaries of the term. He defined ethnicity affect ethnic relations in the future. flict—violent and otherwise. Groups as "a composite of shared values, beliefs, A brief discussion of my orientation to established states, and dramas of inter- norms, tastes, consciousness of kind with- the future is in order. Ibelieve that human national relations and war ensued. Em- in the group, shared in group memories destiny is not predetermined, that we are pires developed and asserted domain over and loyalties, certain structured relation- able collectively to affect outcomes in the progressively larger geographical areas, ships within the group, and a trend toward human drama. Ibelieve we can choose to subjugating rival groups in the process. continuity by preferential endogamy." be constructive rather than destructive, Migrations continued— some voluntary, Also relevant here are two aspects of cooperative as well as competitive. Inote, others forced. Political boundaries today contemporary ethnic groups pointed out however, that often we choose the less thus circumscribe territories occupied by Glazer and Moynihan in their 1963 positive options. Rather than describe only simultaneously by diverse groups. Some landmark, Beyond the Melting Pot. The what Ithink is likely,Iwilldiscuss a range groups are dominant, others are subor- authors noted first that, contrary to the of the possible. We humans together will dinate. Ethnic relations involve the inter- traditional American conception of wide- determine what ultimately transpires. actions among these groups. spread assimilation, ethnic groups in the In attempting this sketch, Iwillborrow Ethnic groups are social units. They United States had in fact failed to melt liberally from specialists in the study of involve individuals (some more so than away. In addition, the authors found that ethnicity and from generalists in the study others) in patterns of expectations many ethnic groups were asserting them- of the future. If occasionally Ifail to grounded in group identity. As structures selves increasingly in the manner of inter- acknowledge the contributions of earlier that exist both prior and subsequent to the est groups. As such, the groups were thinkers, Iapologize. We all stand upon the lives of individual members, they shape focusing their organizational energies intellectual shoulders of others. formative life experiences and (to varying increasingly on the politicalarena. Burkey has defined an ethnic group as degrees) define individual relationships to "a community group based upon the the larger society. ascribed status of a diffuse ancestry that The term "ethnicity" describes the "Iftolerance of diversity is maintained by similarities of culture, degree to which and the manners in which grows, the current trend language, and/or phenotype." 1 This brief individuals adhere to the norms of their definition touches on three important ethnic groups. It is a variable concept: indi- willcontinue toward one of points. First, ethnic groups are subgroups viduals potentially manifest different two forms ofpluralism." within larger communities. Second, mem- degrees of ethnicity at different stages in bership is ascribed, that is, determined at life, and the characteristics of given birth based largely on the judgments of groups' ethnicity changes over time^ Bell has theorized that ethnic political others. Third, perceptions of ancestry and Scholars in the field disagree whether involvement has increased in recent years similarity are significant. the tendency to bond with those perceived because ethnic attachments —fill needs— to be of like kind results from a primordial both personal and public common in feature of human nature. Michael Novak, modern society. "Ethnicity has become in The Rise of the Unmeltable Ethnics, con- tends that ethnic groups represent "a manifestation of man's deep-seated inch-

70 more salient," he wrote, "because it can life-style deemed appropriate by "old product to compensate for ethnic inequal- combine an interest withan affective tie."3 stock" Americans were allowed to compete ity. Governmental bureaucracies (often at That is, in a world growing ever more fully in —American life. Groups too unlike the insistence of the courts) have yielded to abstract and impersonal, ethnicity puts the elite too distant in—race, language, this approach in recent years. Desegrega- individuals in touch with "a—tangible set of and culture, for example were consigned tion of the public schools, affirmative ac- common identifications— in language, to inferior positions in the social order. The tion programs in employment, and quotas food, music, names" while at the same elite established laws, including first in higher education admission are time providing an intermediary between slavery and later segregation, that man- evidence. the lone individual and increasingly over- dated routines of interaction based upon A sixth factor determining the relations powering social institutions. differential status. These patterns have among ethnic groups (all groups, for that This combined appeal makes the become ingrained as expectations and matter) is the mix of technology, re- modern ethnic group, in the words of customs, and have proven difficult to sources, and processes constituting the Glazer and Moynihan, "a new social break even after their legal bases have global system of production and distribu- form." Ethnicity may (or may not) be changed. tion. As environmental conditions require grounded in the ancient past, but reasons Resistance to "Anglo-conformity" spread increasing consideration, as scarcities of for ethnic involvements are as current as through the racial and language minorities food, energy, or other resources demand today— "continually recreated by new in the 1960s and to white ethnics in the shifts in technology and output, and as experiences in America." 19705. In its place has developed a mixed new technologies replace some workers Contemporary ethnic political participa- bag of perspectives and policies lumped while creating new opportunities for tion arises in a context in which at least together under the rubric of "pluralism." others, the social context for ethnic rela- eight current social conditions seem For our purposes here, the critical ele- tions will change. Since change inevitably critical. As these and other factors vary, ments are that minority individuals no affects different groups differently, inter- ethnicity and ethnic relations are likely to longer seem willing to deny their ethnic group relations willshift inresponse. vary as well. idiosyncrasies, and minority groups A seventh factor important to future First, the members of various ethnic increasingly demand respect and recogni- ethnic relations also involves technological groups occupy disproportionately some of tion on their own terms. change, more specifically the increasing the levels of status and privilege in The complex, bureaucratic nature of the interconnectedness of the "global village" American society.4 Ethnic attachments modern American state provides a third resulting from modern systems of trans- and antagonisms color not only personal critical underpinning of contemporary portation and communications. When decisions of association, but public and ethnic relations. Federal, state, and local groups were isolated, individuals were lit- quasi-public decisions of resource alloca- governments are significant players in the tle inclined to compare their lives with the tion and product distribution. From mechanisms of production and distribu- lives of others. As technology has brought generation to generation, therefore, some tion. They offer jobs, contacts, and entitle- the world closer together, however, we ethnicities confer advantage: others, dis- ment payments, and they establish the have become increasingly aware of the dis- advantage. There is some mobility for the regulatory framework within which most parities. Those with little tend to want most fortunate in each group,— but the business is conducted. Political bureau- more; those with much protect their inter- disproportions are extreme particularly cracies tend to respond more to the interests and devise rationalizations for their at the very top and the very bottom. Ethnic ests of organized "constituent groups" status. It seems to require forms—of inter- leaders thus strike responsive chords than to those of unorganized individuals. action rare in the modern world such as when they utilize ethnic appeals in efforts Politics and government thus provide im- the equal-status, cooperative social con-— to bring about social change. petus for ethnic political organization and tact described by Gordon W. Allport A second feature of American society focal points for ethnic political pressure. before we begin to understand the ways in underlying current ethnic relations in- A fourth relevant feature of social which we are the same. volves ideology. The assimilationist beliefs organization affecting ethnic relations is The eighth and final factor Iwant to con- that for years pervaded official American the current framework for the resolution of sider is the most ephemeral, the most dif- policy called upon people to submerge conflict. Contemporary mechanisms tend ficult to quantify, and, probably, the most ethnic attachments, to focus allegiance ex- to be adversarial and usually result in important. This involves our personal ori- clusively on the American nation-state. clear winners and clear losers. There is lit- entations to life, the values upon which we Groups were expected to forsake ethnic tle incentive for moderation. The equations base our decisions, the substrata of our differences in favor of the common na- determining outcomes are complex, and tional culture. they involve a number of variables that are Beginning with the Black civil rights often overlooked. Among the factors are ROBERT L. GREEN is president of the Univer- movement in the 19505, however, the real- population size, cultural characteristics, sity of the District of Columbia. He formerly ization grew that, rather than operating as physical traits, technological innovation, served as dean for the Urban Affairs Programs a melting pot in which all groups added control and use of natural resources, will- at Michigan State University. In addition to their distinctive flavors, American society ingness to use and efficacy in using publishing a number of books, articles, and terror, monographs on ethnic relations in the United actually required conformity to a narrow violence and and countless other States, excluding he has served as an expert witness a range of characteristics evolved from the factors not luck. number of times in litigation cases involving original English colonists. The "Anglos" The realities of bureaucratic organiza- minorityrights. He has also served as a visiting had established themselves in America tion and adversarial conflict resolution lecturer at a number of universities and as an solidly prior to independence, and they contribute to a fifth factor: the determina- educational consultant to a variety of school established the rules regulating the par- tion by many ethnic leaders that group districts and states both in the United States ticipation of subsequent immigrants. New- problems require group solutions and that and in other countries. comers willingand able to conform to the these solutions are best brought about by achieving a redistribution of the national 71 behavior. If we humans change, ethnic the spectrum should decrease. However, a policy and, therefore, decrease conflict. relations willalso change. backlash may result, leading to increased Such a system, however, may contribute to These eight factors do not constitute an conflict originating from the middle. the tyranny of the majority and thus in- exhaustive list of every variable that might If pressures demanding conformity crease tension among minorities who feel contribute to changes in ethnic relations. should rise—under the banner of an their rights are being infringed. Nor can we isolate each from the others for authoritarian party of administration, for Other proposals, such as public financ- analysis. But it is possible to suggest ways example— at least two outcomes are ing of elections or restrictions on cam- in which events might affect these vari- possible. Members of ethnic groups may paign contributions, would alter the frame- ables and in turn affect ethnic relations. conform to the new expectations, in which work of influence in the electoral process. First, inequalities in the distribution of case ethnic conflict will diminish. Or they Well-connected and well-financed groups goods and services may either increase or may resist, in which case ethnic conflict would benefit from laws allowing maxi- decrease. Some proposals, such as a guar- willincrease. It seems likely that regard- mum contributions. Those unable to mar- anteed income and credit reform, are less of the trend toward or away from shal resources for such participation designed to level opportunity and out- pluralism, some ethnic conflicts will would probably turn in frustration to comes. To the extent that such programs diminish, and others willincrease. extra-political forms of conflict due to work, ethic tension and conflict should increased legitimacy. diminish. In contrast, some policy pro- The fourth factor, the means available posals are likelyto encourage even greater "... direct electronic for conflict resolution, may change in ways concentration of economic power. Such voting on issues, may making ethnic conflict either more or less proposals, including many corporate mer- frequent or more or less intense. If the cur- gers and some kinds of "deregulation," increase the perceived rent adversarial system maintains, more would likely lead to greater wealth for legitimacy ofgovernmental groups may move toward the combined some and less for others. To the extent policy and, therefore, confrontation/negotiation tactics of the that such policies increase the differentials " Reverend Jesse Jackson and Operation among groups, ethnic tension and conflict decrease conflict. PUSH. Under threat of boycott, Jackson willprobably increase. has negotiated with corporations to appor- The second variable, the public ideology tion contracts, dealerships, and franchises regarding ethnicity, may change either The third factor, the structure of Amer- in numbers proportionate to Black percen- toward increased tolerance of diversity or ican government, may change in at least tages in the population. By establishing toward increased pressure for conformity. three aspects. It may become larger or dialogue and forging relationships per- If tolerance of diversity grows, the current smaller, more or less centralized, and ceived as more just by minority com- trend will continue toward one of two more or less accessible to ethnic pres- munities, such arrangements may reduce forms of pluralism. Under "liberal plural- sures. If governments become larger, with ethnic conflict. But these interactions are ism," individuals and groups will receive more jobs and benefits to distribute, it themselves forms of conflict which could neither hindrance nor support from gov- seems likelythat interethnic competition in become rancorous. ernment. Under "corporate pluralism," the politicalcontext willincrease. This con- Some policymakers have suggested groups will institutionalize ethnic attach- flict willbe exacerbated to the extent that mediation and arbitration as alternatives ments through governmental recognition. governmental resources fall short of per- to adversarial forms of conflict resolution. Multilingual education, for example, would ceived needs. To the extent that benefits To the extent that such alternatives perpetuate group identity, and ethnic are sufficient to satisfy all who desire become institutionalized in ways perceived quotas in employment would encourage them, extrapolitical interethnic conflict to be legitimate, ethnic conflict should potential members to affiliate with their should decrease. decrease. groups. With regard to centralization, the fed- One more point regarding— conflict Advocates of liberal pluralism argue eral system may shift either toward or resolution must be addressed violence, that the economic and political differences away from control at the local level. Local both as a means of protest and as a means among ethnic groups are diminishing ethnic conflict is usually intense because it of preempting or repressing protest. If rapidly enough that governmental support is personal, and local power distributions violence is ever found to be a legitimate is unnecessary. If they are right, liberal tend to be skewed from national norms. and successful means, of gaining group ob- pluralism should result in a lively and fluid Groups concentrated geographically, such jectives, conflict will likely increase. If society in which ethnicity flourishes but as Blacks in central cities and Hispanics in ethnic violence erupts and is repressed by ethnic antagonisms are minimized. If they the Southwest, will find their positions widely supported governmental violence, it are wrong, ethnic groups perceiving that enhanced by local control. However, de- is likely that a period of reduced overt con- progress is too slow will step up protest, \u25a0 centralization may abandon dispersed flict will follow. If, however, governmental and ethnic conflict willincrease. minorities who have relied on the federal violence is used without broad consensus, Advocates of corporate pluralism argue government to protect their political and ethnic conflict of the most damaging kind that, given the entrenched advantage of civil rights. Ethnic conflict thus will likely will likely result. Groups will feel justified dominant groups, members of subordinate increase in some areas under centraliza- in using violence, and the government will groups are unable to compete without tion, and in other areas under decen- lack a countervailing claim to the moral governmental assistance. Iftheir argument tralization. high ground. prevails, equality among groups should in- Proposals designed to alter the system The fifth variable, involving group crease and tension from the lower end of for selecting public officials may increase remedies, may continue as at present, or or decrease the political power of ethnic more or fewer groups may gain officially groups. Some proposals, such as direct recognized minority status. If school electronic voting on issues, may increase the perceived legitimacy of governmental

72 desegregation, affirmative action, and the This brings us to—the eighth variable,— a Finally, elites must demonstrate flex- like continue, and if inequality and aliena- factor upon which it seems to me all ibility and compassion in adjusting to tion among ethnic groups decrease as a the others hinge. That is the human factor. changing conditions. They must yield result, it seems likely that ethnic conflict How willthe global community react to all gracefully and sincerely and must resist will also decrease. If these programs are this change? Will the dominant groups in the temptation to press every advantage. abandoned or rejected and inequality and the Western world continue to exploit The other factors discussed here willvary alienation increase, it seems likely that heedlessly both the environment and the in ways that advantage some and dis- ethnic tension willintensify. To the extent vast majority of the planet's occupants? Or advantage others. That seems inevitable. that individual groups are added to or willmore humanistic and ecological values The crucial factor seems likely to be the removed from these programs, they willbe come to the fore? Will many Americans human response to evolving conditions. less or more likely to increase conflict. In continue to measure success primarily in Whatever crises befall the human com- any event, should a backlash develop, material terms, or will other motivating munity, whether in Lebanon, El Salvador, generalized ethnic conflict will likely factors develop that are more conducive to South Africa, or Detroit, our survival will increase. sustainable harmony? Will competition likelydepend upon our learning to live con- The sixth variable, environmental qual- and exclusion continue to be the organiz- structively together. ity and resource availability, could alter ing principles for production and distribu- profoundly the balance of power among tion, or will people choose other, more /Votes groups, as well as the context for inter- creative options based upon cooperation 1. R.M. Burkey, Ethnic and Racial Groups: The group relations. If geographical areas and mutual advantage? Dynamics of Dominance (New York: Cummings Pub- lishing Co., 1978). become despoiled, leading to migrations, It is unlikely that ethnic conflict willbe 2. D.L Horowitz, "Ethnic Identity," inN. Glazer and ethnic conflict will likely result. If short- eliminated in the near future. But if we D.P. Moynihan (eds.), Ethnicity: Theory and Experi- ages of food or energy develop, groups desire to minimize such conflict, certain ence (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, likelywillcontend for what remains. steps seem likely to help. We must de- 1975). variable, inequality 3. D. Bell, "Ethnicity and Social Change," in Glazer The seventh interconnected- crease and increase tolerance of and Moynihan (eds.), Ethnicity. ness, seems likely to change in only one diversity. We must work to create a 4. See, e.g., A. Greeley. Why Can't They Be More Like direction. The earth is developing a global political system that is just and accessible Us? (New York: The American Jewish Committee, economy, with individuals and groups to the downtrodden as well as to the elite. Institute of Human Relations, 1969); and R.M. across the world connected by increasing- We must work to develop methods of con- Burkey, Ethnic and Racial Groups: The Dynamics of Dominance (New York: Cummings Publishing Co., ly sophisticated means of transportation flict resolution that encourage moderation 1978). and communication. This phenomenon and mutual accommodation and discour- binds us together, but it also increases our age stridency and violence. We must tend opportunities for conflict. to our physical environment and devise realistic and sustainable resource policies.

73 MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN:

CBC LEGISLATiVE UPDATE Dear Friend: prenatal care. These efforts were instrumental in securing enactment of CHAP As the 98th Congress draws to a close, (Child Health Assurance Program), legisla- those of us in the Congressional Black tion which had been needlessly delayed by Caucus look with pride at the modest gains this Administration's inaction. which have been made in the face of an We have been disappointed that the sought to Administration which has Senate has not taken action on our top reverse three decades of progress for priority: comprehensive jobs legislation, Black Americans. including Community Employ- challenged the Renewal The past two years have the Employ- strength ment Act and the Youth Incentive and fortitude of the 21 Black men ment just and serving in the United Act. It should be noted that women States recently the senior member of the CBC, Congress. We have continued the struggle Congressman Augustus Hawkins, against president became a who seeks to redefine Chairman powerful rights and, in process, vic- of the Education & civil the make Labor Committee after the sudden passing timsof discrimination somehow become the of our friend, Congressman Carl wrongdoers. Perkins. We now look for our "quiet warrior" to use cutting The Caucus has been the edge this pivotal position to get jobs legislation opposing these Administration policies. at the top of Congress' agenda with the speak against We were the first to out the CBC's total support. nomination Edwin Meese as Attorney of Yet, perhaps it is these very challenges question to General and to his commitment helped energize com- justice Congress, in which have the Black for all. On the floor of munity to seek change through political hearings, press, Committee before the and empowerment. In the streets of our com- spoken out across America we have munities, on the family farms, and in small against policies which undermine the en- businesses and factories we have seen the forcement of civil rights. Whether it was damage of four years of Reagan economic the President's continued assault on the policy. brought Commission, Black Americans were also Civil Rights his proposal for to the voting rolls and primary polls by the a youth subminimum wage, or his efforts successful candidacy of Jesse Jackson, to compliance and weaken federal contract shaped issues nation 8(a) which the before our the minority set-aside program, we and thereby changed the face of Presiden- to respond. were there politics. must work year, tial We all now For the fourth the CBC introduced together to political its Budget ensure that this Constructive Alternative which momentum among Black voters peaks in again set the tone for Congressional November so budget. plan that the direction of this na- debate on the federal Our was tion can change as we restore acknowledged as in terms of America's the best commitment to fairness and justice for all. reducing the deficit and restoring support persevered through strengthened If we have these dif- for domestic programs. We challenges, it Hispanic ficult has been because of the coalitions with the and Women's continued support which you have pro- Caucuses in Congress as we worked help always key together overwhelming vided. Your has been to to secure passage our legislative successes, by Rights and we look for- the House of the Civil Act of ward to continued progress in the impor- 1984 which restores strong anti- tant days to come. discrimination requirements for all institutions receiving federal funds. This bill is a JULIAN C. DIXON key item on the Senate's agenda for Chairman passage before Congress adjourns this Congressional Black Caucus year. The Caucus also drew national attention with Congressional hearings on the growing problem of Black infant mortality and need for swift federal action to expand *This legislative update, which was prepared by the Congres- sional Black Caucus, is reprinted in our book as an educational service. 75 ALTERNATIVEDEFENSE BUDGET H.R.492O— THE OMNIBUS ANTI-POVERTY ACT OF 1984 Mr. Dellums is Chairman of the Militaryand Installations Subcommittee of the House Armed The national poverty rate has increased from Services Committee. In this capacity Mr. 11.2 percent in 1978 to 15.2 percent in 1983. Dellums managed the Military Construction bill More than 35 million Americans now live in through the House, through the House-Senate poverty. Congressman Ford says that several conference, and into law. studies have shown that one reason the poverty Mr. Dellums was the author of the military rate has increased is because of President and defense sections of the Congressional Black Reagan's unfair economic policies which have Caucus budget. He authored a complete alterna- resulted in cuts in social programs for the poor tive to the Defense Authorization Bill.He intro- and tax breaks for the rich. The Omnibus Anti- duced amendments to delete funding for the MX Poverty Act willreduce poverty by creating a missile, the B-l bomber, and the Cruise and safety net for long term unemployed individuals 453: HIGH-TECH WEEK Pershing missiles deployed in Europe. In addi- H.J. NATIONAL and their families, improving the economic con- tion, the House approved his amendments con- On January 26, 1984, Congressman Mervyn dition of senior citizens and reducing federal cerning the creation of a department in DOD, in M. Dymally introduced H.J.Re5.453, a resolu- taxes for the working poor. a plan for the conversion of military spending tion which designates the week of September Congressman Ford believes the passage of to domestic spending. 30, through October 6, 1984, as "National the Anti-Poverty Act of 1984 willbe a step inthe The Dellums alternative defense budget pro- High-Tech Week." The purpose of "National right direction toward returning to a society vided fora well-funded national security policy High-Tech Week" is to educate the public on the where government realizes it has a responsibil- authorizing more than $750 billionin defense advances in high technology. ity to care for those less fortunate. spending over the next three years. Neverthe- The resolution is a proclamation calling upon less, his proposal made significant cuts in the the people of the United States to observe such USAID MINORITYSET ASIDE irrational policies of the Administration and a week with appropriate ceremonies and activ- During the second session of the 98th Con- some $318 ities, including programs educating would have saved the government aimed at the gress, Congressman William H. Gray was same period, savings youth billion over the sufficient Nation's about high technology. Schools responsible for including in the Foreign Aid to unprecedented Reagan budget special time reduce the may use this to focus educational Authorization and in the House Appropriations deficits and to free resources for increases in activities around the theme of high technology, Foreign Operations Subcommittee 1985 Foreign social spending. and its impact on American lifeand work. Many Aid Appropriation, a provision that requires the proposal (1) The major themes of his were: to corporations have indicated that they plan to Agency for International Development to expend through lessen the threat of nuclear war a hold special activities during this week. of its funds with minority controlled busi- through 10% nuclear freeze and arms control efforts H.J.Re5.453 passed unanimously in the private voluntary organizations, reductions; nesses and and leading to weapons (2) a non-inter- House on August Ist, and in the Senate on historically Black colleges and universities security policy regard ventionist national with August 3, 1984. It now awaits Presidential (HBCL's). In order to achieve the 10% goal man- World; (3) military to the Third a reduced U.S. approval. by Gray amendment, the Agency for inEurope Asia; (4) dated the role and a redirection of pro- International Development, in partnership with policies waste, fraud, abuse, THE CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT curement to reduce Congressman Gray, has sponsored a number of cost-overruns; (5) AMENDMENTS OF 1984 and massive and a stronger regional seminars throughout the country insecurity through policy national a of conversion A new law passed by the 98th Congress to to encourage minority business paris dependent tended to an economy which less on enforce the collection of child support payments ticipation in U.S. foreign assistance programs. military spending. sponsored by Congressman short, was Harold Ford. In the alternative called for a policy House Resolution 4325 will require states to FY 1985 FIRST CONCURRENT interests, based on the defense of U.S. not the begin withholding child support from the pay- BUDGET RESOLUTION arming for nuclear war or intervention around check of a parent who is more than 30 days the globe. This policy would have created fewer Congressman William H. Gray is the only delinquent. The Child Support Enforcement member of the Congressional Black Caucus sit- distortions in the economy at large, and would Amendments of 1984 willalso require employ- significantly ting on the House Budget Committee. During have enhanced the prospects of ers to forward withheld wages to state child peace and real arms reductions. deliberations on the 1985 Budget Resolution, support agencies, and willallow the deduction Gray a percent increase over delinquent secured real 3.5 of payments from federal and state the projected inflation rate in federal health, income tax refunds. Speaking to Members of the nutrition, education, housing and other services House of Representatives was be- when the bill for low income and unemployed people. ing considered, Congressman Ford pointed to Because of Congressman Gray's efforts, the studies which showed that children were being First Concurrent Budget Resolution Report $4 annually cheated out of more than billion stipulates that spending targets in the Resolu- unpaid because of child support. Ford also said tion cannot be used by the Administration to an estimated 8.4 million women are, single argue against funding for public works jobs for heads of households with at least one child liv- community renewal, employment initiatives for ing at home and 30 percent of these women are youth. Aid for Families with Dependent livingin poverty. Children, and other low income programs. 76 PROHIBITION ON NEW U.S. The Commission shall be composed of twelve INVESTMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA officers appointed by the President, the Speaker of the House, and the President Pro tempore of Congressman Gray was the author of an the Senate. Fourteen other members of the Com- historic amendment to the Export Administra- mission shall be appointed by the officers. The tion Act of 1983 (EAA)prohibiting new U.S. in- Commission convenes thirty days after the date vestment in South Africa. The amendment of enactment of this Act and a Chairperson will received overwhelming and bipartisan support be elected at that time. as it passed the House of Representatives on The Commission may receive donations from October 27, 1983. Congressman Gray has since public and private organizations and individ- been named a member ofthe House-Senate Con- uals to assist in carrying out its responsibilities ference Committee on the export billwhich is to under this act. H.R.5890 states that all expen- consider the ban on new U.S. investment in Congressman Gray's amendment called for ditures of the Commission shall be made from apartheid. In the conference, on April12, 1984, an increase of $15 millionover the Administra- donated funds and the Commission shall submit an effort to delete the sanctions from the export tion's request of $27 million for FY 1985. The a report to the President and the Congress con- billwas defeated 11 to 2. The vote indicates the $42 million provided for Health programs by cerning its activities under the Act no later than support legis- continuing broad level of for this the Subcommittee's bill will help alleviate the April 20, 1986, two months after the first obser- Although lation. the many differences between extreme suffering caused by the recent drought vance of Dr. King's birthday. the House and Senate versions of the EAA dim and famine, and willalso reinforce U.S. efforts the prospects for completing action on the bill to support agricultural and other sectoral devel- H.R. 5503, THE HEALTHPROFESSIONS during this Congress, there is still hope that the opment initiatives. Spending by the U.S. Agency MINORITY TRAININGASSISTANCE ACT Senate Conferees will agree to a meaningful forInternational Development for health care in compromise which recognizes the determination $16 The severe underrepresentation of minority sub-Saharan Africa fell millionbetween FY dentists, veterinarians, of Representatives to prevent new physicians, pharma- ofthe House 1982 and FY 1984. cists, professionals American support for a system of legally man- and other minority health is dated racial separation and oppression. FOOD AIDFOR AFRICA a critical problem that can no longer be studied, discussed, and debated. It is a problem that Congressman William H. Gray, along with deserves priority national attention by Con- HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 298 Congressman Matthew McHugh (D-NY), intro- gress. On May 3, 1984, Congressman William H. duced a measure that was approved by the Recently, CBC member, Louis Stokes intro- Gray, introduced House Concurrent Resolution House Appropriations Committee on March 1, duced, H.R. 5503, The Health Professions 298, which expresses the sense of Congress 1984, to provide $150 million for food aid for Minority Training Assistance Act of 1984, which that South Africa release all individuals held at Africa during the extended famine and drought seeks to address the current critical national the Mariental detention camp; that the United that continues to affect two dozen countries and shortage of minorities inthe health professions. States reaffirm its policy of not recognizing threatens more than 100 million people with Specifically, the bill,if enacted, would: illegal occupation Namibia; hunger and starvation. The Reagan Administra- South Africa's of • Provide grants to health professions schools and that South Africa recognize and follow the tion interfered with enactment of this legislation providing emergency food aid in order to secure to establish a fund from which low-interest basic precepts of international law. loans may be made to low-income students; The resolution introduced by Congressman additional support for its unpopular policies in • Gray was prompted by the South African Central America. Through the concerted effort of Establish a low-interest, service obligated, Government's suppression of an American- several members of Congress and the enact- loan forgiveness program for minority health bills, however, sponsored court application that sought the ment of several appropriations professions students; $175 for famine relief was eventually release of individuals who had been forcibly million • Provide for federally guaranteed loans to removed from Namibia and held incommuni- enacted. assist minority graduates of health profes- cado for six years by the South African defense sions schools to set up private practices in H.R.5890: KING, forces. An international outcry prompted the MARTINLUTHER JR. underserved areas; South Africans to eventually release 55 of the FEDERAL HOLIDAYCOMMISSION • Provide incentive grants to accredited public detainees, but dozens still being held more are To assist in the first observance of the or nonprofit health professions schools to without charge. legal holiday honoring Federal Dr. Martin encourage the expansion of minority enroll- Luther King, Jr., a bill to establish a commis- ment; INCREASED HEALTH ASSISTANCE sion, H.R.5890, was introduced by Congress- AIDFOR AFRICA woman Katie Hall (IN) along with seventy co- Inresponse to an amendment offered by Con- sponsors. gressman William H. Gray during mark up of With the passage of H.R.5890, on August 8, the 1985 Forefgn Aid Appropriation on August 1984, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Federal Holi- 2, 1984, the Foreign Operations Subcommittee day Commission willcoordinate efforts encour- approved a transfer of funds that should result aging appropriate ceremonies and activities in a 55% increase over the previous year's throughout the United States. The Commission level of spending by USAID for health programs willprovide advice and assistance to organiza- in sub-Saharan Africa. tions participating in programs honoring the slain civilrights leader. 77 • Establish endowment development grants for TELECOMMUNICATIONS health professions schools with predominant- Representatives Mickey ly minority or low-income students; Cardiss Collins and • Leland have worked diligently to promote the Provide grants forhealth professions schools goal of information diversity. They believe inthe with predominantly minority or low-income ability of all Americans, not just a privileged students; few, to take advantage of the growing array of • Provide financial need scholarships to minor- services and ownership opportunities available ities and low-income students; in the emerging media market. Their legislative • efforts within the past year reflect this commit- Provide fellowship grants to encourage ment. minorities to pursue academic and research Congresswoman Collins introduced H.R. careers and; 1155, the Minority Telecommunications Devel- • Reauthorize the advanced financial distress opment Act. Through this bill, Congress makes and the disadvantaged assistance programs an affirmative finding that minorities have been for an additional three years. and continue to be deprived of fullparticipation carrier, The development and enactment of H.R. in common broadcasting, and cable 5503 is of utmost importance to the millionsof communications services. In order to further the growth commerce, ethnic minority groups living throughout the na- of interstate and foreign a regulatory industry Special targeted federal efforts for Zone employees eligible for a five percent and EEO program is estab- tion. and are designed minority training and education activities are tax credit on wages (up to $450 per year). Dis- lished and to increase minority employment and ownership opportunities required and well-justified to raise the level of advantaged zone employees entitled to a re- in are telecommunications. national commitment to improving health care fund of this credit, as well as refundable tax — for all Americans. Even the Reagan Administra- credits for 50 percent of medical and day-care Pending Energy and Commerce Subcommit- tionhas admitted that we must increase oppor- expenses. tee on Telecommunications tunities in health education for the economically This bill also provides greater opportunities disadvantaged and minorities and increase the for small businesses than do other by Congressman Leland introduced H.R. 2331, measures Minority Ownership number of health care providers serving popula- substantially increasing the availability of ven- the Telecommunications tions of minorities and underserved. Unfor- ture capital to these firms. This is achieved by Tax Act. The bill amends the Internal Revenue tunately, the administration's budget and legis- permitting persons who purchase stock in these Code to increase the investment credit for the purchase lative proposals do not reflect a significant firms to deduct the entire amount of their of used telecommunications property policies ex- commitment toward these goals. investment from their taxable income and by which effectuates of the FCC and non-recognition gain on cer- H.R. 5503, however, wouldprovide for a sub- providing that industrial development bonds tends the of FCC or exchanges broadcasting stantive and long-term commitment by pro- may continue to be issued to finance small tified sales of radio viding the necessary resources for minority enterprise zone firms even if the use of these stations to systems of wire or radio communica- students to attend health professions schools bonds is terminated by federal law elsewhere. tion. — and for minority health professions schools to Representative Wheat's proposal places Pending Committee on Ways and Means expand training activities. great emphasis on providing incentives for homeowners in the zones to rehabilitate their The Telecommunications Subcommittee, at own property and their neighborhoods. Addi- the request of Representatives Collins and H.R. 6182, THE ENTERPRISE ZONE Leland, hearings Minority Participation tional incentives are offered to developers to held on COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND in the Media. One hearing, chaired by Con- EMPLOYMENT ACT rehabilitate rental property, provided that it is used as low or moderate income housing. While gressman Leland, devoted attention to the Congressman Wheat has introduced an enter- the bill removes developer incentives that would abysmal record of minority portrayals within prise zone bill which takes an alternative encourage the dislocation of zone residents, the television and movie industries. The second approach to that taken in legislation proposed those residents who are displaced as a result of hearing (a joint hearing with the CBC Com- by the Reagan Administration. While the main the development of the zone are provided with munications Braintrust) focused on the deregu- purpose of this Act is, like other proposals, to relocation assistance which no other proposal lation ofthe broadcast and cable industries and improve the economic condition of distressed includes. the impact that such actions would have on areas through the stimulation of commercial This Act is designed to insure the success of minorities. This hearing also explored minority ownership activity, the emphasis of this measure is to pro- the enterprise zone approach by restricting the of media properties and EEO prac- industry (Hearing vide incentives to the residents of the zones to number of zones available so as to maintain tices within the media report help themselves and to the small business com- their value: balancing the incentives for both the #98-93). As a result of these hearings, the Sub- agreed incorporate minority- munity to create new jobs for these disadvan- residential and business communities; encour- committee to taged zone residents. aging the local government to provide improved ownership and employment proposals in the police, fire and other services rather than em- broadcast reform and cable legislation. phasizing local tax breaks: and stressing the importance of community participation in the development and implementation of the local enterprise zone plan.

78 Representatives Leland, John Dingell (House federal contracts. The measure directs the Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman), director of small and disadvantaged business and Tim Wirth (Telecommunications Chairman) utilization of each agency to assign technical introduced H.R. 6122, a deregulation measure advisors to assist each breakout procurement that, among other things, would establish quan- center representative. tified programming standards and EEO quotas. H.R. 5096— The Minority Investment Tax Act A hearing on the billis planned by the Tele- of 1984— was referred to the House Committee communications Subcommittee. on Ways and Means, on March 8, 1984. This Representative Leland introduced H.R. 6134. measure is designed to encourage the develop- This bill addresses the proposed changes in the ment of a viable minority business community FCC's multiple-ownership rule and included the through the deferral of capital gains taxes on use of a percentage of audience reached as the proceeds from investments used to buy stock in ownership criterion (as opposed to the minority business. Under this measure, stock numerical approach of 7-7-7 and 12-12-12) and purchase would be made through a qualified eliminated the sunset provision which would minority investment fund company, similar to a end ownership rules by 1990. The Tele- mutual fund. communications Subcommittee is expected to H.R. 4200— Representatives Leland and Collins intro- hold a hearing on the billin September. Amends the Small Business Act to ensure cost to an agency awarding duced H.R. 4120. This legislation placed a that the a government contract to a moratorium on changes in the FCC's multiple- MINORITYBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT small business under ownership rule for radio and TV broadcast LEGISLATIVEACTION DURING the 8(a) program would not exceed the esti- stations. The rule limits ownership by any one THE 98TH CONGRESS mated current fair market price of the work to performed. entity to seven AM stations, seven FM stations be The bill includes a formula for During the 98th Congress, legislative activity determining fair cost. and seven television stations. The proposed focusing on minority business development elimination of ownership limitswould encourage emerged as major agenda items. HOUSING AND THE 80s the larger owners of broadcast facilities to ex- Such legislative concerns over the period As a member of the Subcommittee on pand their interests and seriously undermine beginning January 1983 stemmed, in part, from Hous- ing of the House Banking, Finance and Urban the efforts of Hispanics, Blacks and other minor- the uniquely difficult challenges that have ities to increase their ownership of broadcast plagued minority business since the early years Affairs Committee and Chairman of the Con- gressional Housing Braintrust, facilities. of this century when small minority-owned ser- Black Caucus' vice and retail establishments first appeared. Congressman Mitchell co-sponsored the last passed 2755, major piece housing legislation by The House H.R. the FCC Today, however, these historical challenges are of enacted Authorization Act. Although funding bills for compounded by new institutional challenges Congress. The housing authorization was sup- federal agencies are relatively non- posed by special interest policies of the Reagan ported by other members of the Caucus. controversial, measure generated signed on this much Administration that have warranted decisive The President into law November community 30, 1983, housing legislation concern in the Black because of the and immediate legislative responses to ensure the authorization (P.L. 98-181). two-year FCG's lack of commitment to minorities and the very survival of a minority business com- The authorization repre- other underrepresented groups. A sheet which munity. sented a compromise between the House and details specific FCC positions is available. Senate. The bill extended and revised major The House Energy and Commerce Committee Minority businesses in this country have, of existing housing and community development reports H.R. 4103, the Cable Telecommunica- course, been hardest hit by the Reagan eco- programs and established several new demon- tions Act. This billincluded an EEO provision nomic plan— which combined massive tax cuts stration programs that are critical to our com- offered by Representatives Collins and Leland with an unprecedented buildup in military munities. The bill also created a new rental which required any cable system operator to spending, producing a Federal budget deficit rehabilitation and housing development grant establish a program to insure EEO, established that has tripled over the last three years and is program and authorized a modified Section-8 certain EEO percentages which must be met by the largest in the history of the universe. The housing voucher program. cable operators and provided an enforcement resultant high interest rates and capital short- mechanism for those operators who fail to meet falls have contributed to unprecedented busi- these requirements. ness failures that have hit minority businesses Representatives Leland and Collins intro- hardest. duced H.R. 5957, the Cellular Communications H.R. 4209— Amends Section 15 of the Small Minority Opportunities Act. This bill would Business Act, providing for increased small and encourage greater diversity of ownership and minority business involvement in federal con- control of cellular systems through implementa- tract procurement operations. This measure tion of preferences for minority applicants in passed the House on May 21, 1984. It requires cellular radio-telephone proceedings. the Small Business Administration to assign to Pending —Energy and Commerce Committee each major procurement center a breakout procurement center representative with specific duties aimed at boosting competition for

79 The bill authorized a new emergency shelter CONGRESSIONAL BLACK program. There is a $60 millionfunding level to CAUCUS STAFF assist states, local governments, Indian tribes, and non-profit organizations to provide shelter and essential services to persons subjected to life threatening situations because they lack housing. The billestablished a two-year neighborhood demonstration program to determine the feasi- bility of eligible neighborhood organizations on a matching fund basis. The bill provides $2 millionin both 1984 and 1985 for this demonstration. The neighborhood organizations can undertake activities such as creating permanent jobs, establishing or expanding businesses, and rehabilitating, or managing the housing stock. These awards willbe made by HUD on a competitive basis, not to exceed $50,000. Congress approved the HUD appropriation (P.L. 98-371), which provides $8 million in budget authority to assist 150,308 units in fiscal year 1985, a 19 percent reduction from the 1984 level of $9.9 billionand a 68 percent reduction from the 1981 appropriation of $25 billion.In total, approximately 100,000 newly assisted units will be provided, including VALERIA.BYRD SHEILA C. SENESIE 42,000 housing vouchers. The major factor in this reduction is the focus on existing housing Valeri A. Byrd is primarily responsible for the Sheila C. Senesie is the Secretary and Case over new construction. The billalso provides for operational management of the Congressional Worker at the Congressional Black Caucus. 5,000 units of new construction for public hous- Black Caucus Office including her services as Sheila's responsibilities include handling consti- ing, 5,000 Section-8 moderate rehabilitation media liaison with print and electronics organ- tuent requests and coordination of meetings for units, and 12,000 Section-202 units. izations. She also contributes her considerable the CBC Members and International Visitors. Community development programs, notably expertise to the vital areas of the Caucus' opera- She has served the Caucus cince 1977. the CDBG and UDAG programs, are funded at tions including representation of the Caucus to Prior to joining the Caucus, Sheila went to approximately the same level as in the the public and coordination of services with school and worked in Philadelphia before mov- authorization. The 312 rehabilitation program various constituent units. In addition, she also ing to the Washington area. For two years, she willbe funded out of loan repayments, an esti- produces a nationally syndicated radio show worked as secretary for the YMCA of Metro- mated $80 million. which features the Black Members of Congress. politan Washington. A native Washingtonian, Valeri is an active volunteer. Inaddition totaking several graduate level courses, Valeri holds a Bachelor of Arts in Communications and Political Science from American University.

80 PRAYER BREAKFAST

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1984 Opening Remarks Gall to Worship Music Selection Opening Prayer Old Testament Reading Prayer for the Congressional Black Caucus New Testament Reading Music Selection Prayer for the Nation Keynote Speaker Response Closing Prayer Benediction

81 CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS SPOUSES

MID-NIGHTCHAMPAGNE FASHION SHOW

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1984

PRESIDING Mr.Melvin Lindsey, WHUR-Radio Host of the "Quiet Storm" GREETINGS Honorable Marion Barry Mayor, Washington, D.C. INTRODUCTION OF CO-SPONSOR Mrs. Betty Dixon, Chairperson Congressional Black Caucus Spouses MESSAGE FROM AVON Mr. Robert McMillan, Corporate Vice President Public Affairs, Avon Products FASHION SHOW Collage '84

BRUNCH FASHION SHOW

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1984

PRESIDING Mayor Andrew and Mrs. Jean Young, Atlanta, Georgia WELCOME Mrs. Betty Dixon, Chairperson Congressional Black Caucus Spouses INVOCATION Congressman Walter E. Fauntroy Washington, D.C. GREETINGS Mrs. EffiBarry INTRODUCTION OF CO-SPONSOR Mrs. Betty Dixon MESSAGE FROM AVON Mr. Robert McMillan, Corporate Vice President Public Affairs, Avon Products FASHION SHOW Collage '84 INTRODUCTION OF PRODUCER: Mr. Dwight Byrd Mrs. Betty Dixon

83 CONGRESSIONAL BLACKCAUCUS

SPOUSES

vvw" he Congressional Black Cau- thusiasm and excitement over her new • cus Spouses was formed in venture. 1976 at the request of the She says, "Much Ado is an exhausting -"\u25a0Jm Members of the Congressional experience which doesn't leave a lot of Black Caucus, for the purpose of raising time for too many other activities on the funds to support a program to increase side, but it's a pleasure." minority involvement in the legislative Serving in her first year as Chairperson process. After a published House Admin- of the Congressional Black Caucus istration report indicated that of the Spouses, Mrs. Dixon likes to play "at" ten- approximately 18,000 Congressional em- nis and describes one of her fun weekends ployees, less than 1 ,000 were Black and of as listening to her favorite jazz artists and 22 standing committees in the House of sampling Julian's experimental dishes. Representatives, less than 25' Blacks held professional positions, the Congressional HARRIETTE CLARK- Black Caucus inaugurated the Graduate CHAMBLISCROCKETT Legislative Intern Program. In order to meet the requisite financial BETTYJ. DIXON Harriette Clark-Chamblis Crockett, a prac- requirements necessary to support D.C., the Betty Congressman ticing Pediatrician in Washington, is Legislative Program, the J. Dixon is the wife of Graduate Intern Dixon, the wife of Congressman George W. Crock- Spouses produced Julian C. of California. Born in Bir- have an annual fashion mingham, Alabama, show, the proceeds solely supporting the she moved with her parents Angeles, program. inception to Los California at an Intern Since the of the early graduate Pepperdine Legislative Program, age. She is a of Graduate Intern University in Angeles, with which started with four graduate students, Los a Bachelor students, of Science degree in Home Economics and more than 70 recruited from col- University, in leges universities a graduate of Howard Wash- and nationwide have ington, D.C, in participated. The Graduate Legislative In- with a masters degree Food tern Program was expanded in 1983 to and Nutrition. Mrs. Dixon worked for the U.S. Con- become the Congressional Fellows Pro- Safety gram. new Program encom- sumer Product Commission as a This Fellows consumer specialist, passes a greater variety of potential candi- education and later dates. as director of the Commission's Consumer The Congressional Black Caucus Spouses Outreach programs. She promoted the dedicated their energies and Commission's information and education have programs resources to the development of a func- on the safe selection and use of products regulated by tional committee whose objective is to keep consumer the Con- ett, Jr., of Michigan. Known professionally Safety Clark, the Congressional Black Caucus Founda- sumer Product Commission. Trans- as Dr. Harriette she maintains a Department Clinic, Program financially fering to the of Health and private practice at the Clark with tion Fellows solvent Services, Financing operable, that minority graduates Human Health Care her brothers Drs. Charles and John Clark. and so Administration, and professional individuals will have an Mrs. Dixon served as Mrs. Crockett, a native of Charleston, Washington on Virginia, graduate opportunity to gain exposure to director of the Office West is a of Smith Col- first-hand Beneficiary responsibilities the legislative process. Services. Her lege in Northampton, Massachusetts and included maintaining liaison with organ- Howard University College of Medicine in izations representing the elderly in order Washington, D.C. to promote greater understanding Crockett, (Not pictured) of the Mrs. active in many profes- Department's Medicare and Medicaid pro- sional and community organizations, CAROL CLAY grams. holds membership in the American Aca- After ten years of Federal government demy of Pediatrics, the American Medical Wife of Congressman William "Bill" Clay service, Mrs. Dixon launched a totallynew Association, the Alpha Kappa Alpha Soror- of Missouri career for herself. Owner of "Much Ado ity, Inc., the Pearls, and the Chapter Ten About Something," a unique boutique, Literary Club. JOHN HALL which opened in May of 1984, at 2000 N.W., Husband of Congresswoman Katie Hall of Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, Indiana. D.C, Mrs. Dixon fairly radiates en-

84 President of Unique Gifts, Inc., a business located in Compton, California, Mrs. Dy- mally's work experience includes consulting, researching, and tenure as a Commis- sioner of the California Commission on Equal Education. A teacher for ten years, she has taught in the New Orleans, Louisiana, the San Bernadino and Sacramento, California school systems. Mrs. Dymally received her baccalaureate degree in Education from Xavier University in New Orleans and her masters degree in Urban Studies from Occidental College in Los Angeles. She is affiliated with many professional and community organizations including LEOLA HIGGS DELLUMS Birthmonth Circle, and has participated in the Annual Women's Day activities for the Leola Higgs Dellums is a graduate of past twenty-five years. Georgetown University Law Center. The commentator of the bi-monthly Roscoe, as she prefers to be called, is radio show "Afternoon Devotions" on the wife of Congressman Ronald V. Del- WUST-Radio, Mrs. Fauntroy has worked luras of California, and the mother of three with the Boy Scouts of America, Inc., the children. District of Columbia Minimum Wage Com- Mrs. Dellums has extensive work ex- mittee, and the Physicians Committee for perience in the areas of mass media, Health Care for the Aged. education, research, and entertainment. This experience, coupled with her legal education creates an interesting career DOROTHYBOWELS FORD profile. As she says, "Iam seeking to com- Dorothy Bowels Ford, selected "Outstand- my legal with my interest in bine education ing Democratic Woman of the Year" in human rights, communication, and the 1976, Congressman industry." the California Teachers Association, the is the wife of Harold entertainment Memphis, Tennessee, prescriptive diagnostic Arts, Alpha Ford. A native of she The author of a California Institute of the the Memphis University entitled, "Teaching Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc., the Inter- attended State in Ten- research paper, nessee, a English As A Second Language to Native national Orphans, the Catholic Social Ser- where she received bachelors vice, the degree in Sociology in 1971. Born," Mrs. Dellums is also a published and Foundation for Educational Ford, politics, Improvement. Mrs. active in served as lyricist. Some of her many organizational manager the Society both and coordinator of her hus- affiliations include American of reelection campaign. Composers, Publishers, the band's She was coor- Authors and DOROTHY FAUNTROY dinator of a city-wide voter registration American Guild of Authors and Com- Memphis targeted posers, drive in that over the National Music Publishers Dorothy Fauntroy, honored as "Woman of 25,000 registrants. Association, Black by the Entertainment the Year" in 1982 the members of the Legislative minor- Lawyers Association, Baptist Church, is A former Assistant on and the Black Music New Bethel the wife of ity economic development issues Fauntroy for the Association. Congressman Walter E. of Valley Authority, Washington, A Petersburg, Tennessee Mrs. Ford is D.C. native of strongly involved in community and social a Virginia Union Virginia and graduate of activities in Memphis and Washington, ALICE GUENEO DYMALLY University, in Richmond, Virginia, where majored Administration, D.C. She is a member of a number of she in Business organizations including Links, Inc., Dymally, the the Alice Gueno the wife of Con- Mrs. Fauntroy is very active in church af- Jill, Inc., Friends, Inc., gressman Mervyn M. Dymally of Califor- Baptist Jack and the Girl fairs at New Bethel Church where the National Council of Negro Women, the nia, is a native of New Orleans, Louisiana. her husband is the Minister. Mrs. Fauntroy is in National Association for the Advancement a soloist the Senior of Colored People, and the Memphis, Ten- Choir, a member of the Dorcas Missionary nessee Board of Health. Board, the Deaconess Board, the July 85 A member of the Perm Towne Links, Inc., Mrs. Gray sits on the Boards of Direc- tors of the Philadelphia Council of Inter- national Visitors and the Northwestern Branch of the Red Cross. The Grays have three sons: Billy,Justin and Andrew. ELSIE HAWKINS Elsie Hawkins, wife of Congressman Augustus F. Hawkins of California, is a native Washingtonian. She began her employment career early, accumulating thirty years of federal service, including executive and legislative service. Mrs. Hawkins' special in sons, Harold, Jr., interest adjustment to the political arena very The mother of three museum exhibitions led her to research Newton Jake, and Sir Isaac, she and her easy, due to her previous— involvement in family are members of Mt. Moriah Baptist the labor movement having met many- Church in Memphis, Tennessee. political individuals before. Mrs. Hayes maintains a hectic schedule ANDREA DASH GRAY which has always been her ritual. She is known to have worked full-time and part- Andrea Dash Gray, wife of Congressman time while attending Mundelein College William H. Gray, 111 of Pennsylvania, was and the University of Illinois—Circle Cam- born in Mount Vernon, New York. She pus, both in Chicago. She also attended moved with her family to Hackensack, New Roosevelt University College of Manage- Jersey, at the age of three and attended the ment inChicago. local schools there. She graduated from Mrs. Hayes has not changed. Although Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New she is very involved as a Congressional Jersey in 1967 with a Bachelor of Arts Spouse, she is now a college senior at the degree in Sociology. George Meany Center School of Labor Mrs. Gray was a Marketing Support historical information on Black Americans. Studies in Silver Spring, Maryland—a col- Representative with IBM Corporation for An active member of her husband's cam- lege degree program fully accredited five years and is currently a Senior paign committee, she has closely followed through Antioch University. Sharing a Business Development Representative for Congressman Hawkins' jobs and educa- labor background with, her husband, she the Private Industry Council of Phila- tional programs. expects to graduate in June, 1985, with a delphia. Especially proud of her family, which in- bachelors degree inLabor Studies. cludes two daughters, a son and two A publisher/editor, she is also compiling granddaughters in college, Mrs. Hawkins a monthly magazine for publication enjoys the time shared with Gus and the through her recently established company, family fishing and boating. Mrs. Hawkins Ronphil Publishing. Mrs. Hayes' philoso- also enjoys gardening, cooking, and enter- phy is "a mind is a terrible thing to taining small groups of friends. waste. . .at any age." She categorizes herself as an eccentric academician— always EDNA JEAN HAVES thirsty for knowledge. Edna Jean Hayes, wife of Congressman ALISON WALTONLELAND Charles A. Hayes of Illinois, is an energetic lady in her 40's, who has just completed Alison Walton Leland, a third-year law stu- one year of marriage and one year as a dent at Georgetown University Law Center Congressional Spouse. The mother of two and wife of Congressman Mickey Leland of sons, Ronald and Phillip Miller, she has Texas, is fully active in a legal and political lived in the Washington, D.C. area twice career. In the last two years she has before. Very fond of this area, she found clerked at two major Houston, Texas law 86 devoted mother of four children, Shelley, an Audit Supervisor for C&P Telephone Company, Angie, a graduate of Howard University Law School, Louis Charles, an Executive Producer for ABC-TV in Detroit, and Lori, an upperclassman, majoring in Communications at Howard University. Mrs. Stokes is also the proud grandmother of Brett who is two years old and Eric who willbe six weeks at the time of the Four- teenth Annual Legislative Weekend. GWENDOLYNJ. TOWNS Gwendolyn J. Towns is presently a Liaison Officer with the New York City Board of Impartial Hearing firms, Butler & Binion and Vinson & serves on the Board of Directors of the Education Office. The Elkins. New York Foundation for Senior Citizens, Mrs. Leland served as the Campaign Inc., the National Coalition of 100 Black Coordinator for Councilman Rodney Ellis' Women, and the Bethune Museum and Ar- successful bid to the Houston City Council, chives, Inc. during which she coordinated fundraising Appointed by the Governor of New York activities, developed campaign strategies, to the White Commission on Aging, Mrs. compiled voter lists, conducted surveys, Rangel is also a member of the Women's and worked with the media. National Democratic Club, the Congres- Amember of the Barristers' Council, the sional Wives Club, Alpha Kappa Alpha Black Americaq Law Students Association, Sorority, Inc., and the National Links, Inc. and the Law Student Division of the American Bar Association, Mrs. Leland JAYSTOKES graduated cum laude from Spelman Col- Jay Stokes, wife of Congressman Louis lege in Atlanta, Georgia. Honors she has Stokes for 24 years, is a member of the being in wife of Congressman Edolphus Towns of received include listed Who's Who Congressional York, Colleges Board of Directors of the New she has long been affiliated with Among Students in American and Black Caucus Foundation. In her, four year Universities, Register the New York City Board of Education, and on the National tenure as a Board member, she has served Outstanding College Graduates, mem- holding positions as Elementary School of on the Nominating, Housing and Legisla- Teacher, bership the Dean's List, Sigma Corrective Reading Teacher, on National tive Weekend Coordinating Committees. Therapist Tau Delta National English Honor Society, Educational and Coordinator of A native of Trenton, New Jersey, Mrs. the Diagnostic and Remedial Learning Pro- Pi Sigma Alpha National Political Science Stokes has been deeply involved in her Honor Society, and receiving the Spelman gram. husband's earlier campaigns. She is the A Carolina, Academic Scholarship for 1979-80. native of North Mrs. Towns received a Bachelor of Science degree in Early Childhood Education from North Carolina A&T University in Greensboro, ALMARANGEL North Carolina and a masters degree in Counseling A Chairperson Congressional Guidance and School from former of the Brooklyn College Black Caucus Spouses and a member of in New York. theBoard of Directors of the Congressional Mrs. Towns is a member of many educa- Foundation, Rangel is a tional associations including the American Black Caucus Mrs. Teachers, graduate University in Wil- Federation of the National of Central State Association, and berforce, Ohio and wife of Congressman Education the United Rangel York. Federation of Teachers. She was named Charles B. of New by Mrs. Rangel studied at the Hunter Col- "Woman of the Year" for 1978 the Zeta Phi Sorority, Inc., lege of Social Work and is very ac- Beta and is an active School participant in the Professional Women of tive in civic community affairs. She and New York and the Concerned Women of Brooklyn. 87 CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS FOUNDATION

TENNIS EXHIBITION

SCHEDULE OF EVENTS PARTICIPANTS Leslie Allen & Rodney Harmon 11:00 am Patrons Reception Chairpersons Leslie Allen 12:00 p.m. First Match Renee Blount Zina Garrison Rodney Harmon 300 p.m. Raffle Drawing Chip Hooper Cheryl Jones LoriMcNeil 330 p.m. Presentation of Todd Nelson Trophies Carol Ann Watson

SPONSORS Anheuser-Bush, Inc. NIKE, Inc. Eastern Airlines California Cooler, Inc. The Shoreham Black Entertainment Television Producer and taping for delayed cablecast

91 Forgein Policy Held Hostage: THE

ince World War 11, United States tutions that serve their foreign policy interests. foreign policy has been in a host- JACKSON Consequently, the imperial presidency has been —* age situation, having been hi- able to conduct foreign relations without much i^^B jacked by a small, elite group and fear of challenge from the other institutions of turned into a private preserve. It has become in- government. Also apparent is the gradual creasingly difficult for the general public to RESCUE politicization of the entire civil service, which rescue the debate of foreign policy from this has made the theory of separation of powers a elite and make it once more part of the public mere fantasy in practice. domain. The foreign policy establishment, con- But the consolidation of the imperial presi- sisting of the presidency, appointed advisors, MISSION dency has not been achieved simply within the and leaders from the bureaucratic military, realm of government itself. It has been facil- economic, and communications sectors, is not BY A. W. SINGHAM itated, as well, by dramatic developments in the only small but primarily white, male, and Euro- economy and society. To become a superpower, centric in itsview ofthe world.In the worldview one needs quick and ready access to the natural of this establishment's members, the U.S. is an resources of the world. In the past few years, extension of Europe and, as the leader of the especially since the U.S. Constitution mandates the world economy has been radically trans- Western world, has an historic obligation to pre- popular participation in all areas of policy- formed by giant economic institutions known as serve, protect, and promote Western civiliza- making. transnational corporations, and transnational tion.No matter how crudely, the Reagan admin- The hijacking process was accelerated by banks. American transnational corporations, in istration reflects the conventional wisdom of the global events. The United States emerged out of collaboration with their European and Japanese foreign policy establishment in its view of the World War IIas a nuclear power, that is to say counterparts, have penetrated all the continents world as being divided between the forces of as a superpower. The nation's political institu- and, in the name of civilization, have trans- good and evil, and the forces of evil must be tions have been radically transformed to meet formed the economies of most nations of the stopped even if it means destroying the whole the new needs of this superpower. A super- world. Transnational banks have similarly planet. The newer states of the Third World are power, in order to govern the world, requires—a found that the countries of the Third World, regarded as the weaker species, which have to new type of presidency— a super presidency especially, are excellent markets for loans. In be protected from the forces of evil for their own and, since World War 11, wehave seen the emer- providing loans to Third World countries, they good. Henry Kissinger summarized this when he gence of what some call the imperial presi- have transformed the global fiscal system and said that he had an obligation to protect dency. An imperial presidency cannot, after all, made the U.S. dollar the supreme currency. The Chileans from themselves. By the way, this be constantly plagued by challenges to its Breton Woods Agreement consolidated the posi- world view is not a new Reaganite doctrine but authority from a semi-literate and uninformed tion of Western countries and, most important- has long been shared by the Republicans and public. It needs new institutions, created out of ly, made the unit of exchange for all countries Democrats, Liberals and Conservatives. older institutions, as governing tools. Thus, the dependent on the hard currencies of the West In 1984, this outlook is being seriously State Department has been gradually trans- and Japan. challenged by Jesse Jackson. As expected, the formed into a giant international agency with The transnational corporations and the trans- Jackson challenge has produced a vitriolicreac- desk officers for almost all the countries of the national banks were aided in establishing them- tion from the members of the foreign policy world. The National Security Council has selves by the imperial presidency working establishment, who have accused him of trea- become a major intelligence organization that through the legislative branch of government. son, carpetbagging, anti-semitism and every determines the policy needs of the imperial Appropriate legislation was expeditiously other form of villainy. But, then, the foreign presidency for the various regions of the world. developed to legitimize the activities of these policy establishment cannot grasp the idea that The Pentagon has become a giant military new institutions, which, in turn, created a highly an individual like Jesse Jackson could perform machine standing at the ready to intervene in efficient, well-organized and technically well- the civilizing function and mission of the West. any corner of the globe where a government equipped lobby that helped the legislature Nowhere is the racism that is endemic to U.S. in- might need to be replaced, as in Grenada or whenever it needed it and, most importantly, stitutions more manifest than inthe reactions of Lebanon or Nicaragua. The Central Intelligence provided the necessary funds for the electoral the foreign policy establishment's members to Agency is a highly automated octopus that col- process. Here we see the method by which the black interlopers who attempt to speak on their lects detailed information on political processes internationalization of domestic politics takes subject and intheir preserve. Readers willrecall throughout the world, and especially keeps tabs place, with the giant corporations and banks that another black leader, Andrew Young, was on the world's leaders and their health condi- insisting that the strength of the U.S. economy banished from the heights of foreign policy- tions, and devises techniques for terminating is dependent upon their exploitation of global making at the United Nations to the depths of these leaders or the governments they head resources. "urban —ghetto politics" for stepping out of should they run afoul of our so-called national Thus, a curious thing happened on the wayto bounds that is, having conversations withthe interests. The legislature, which was designed to the U.S. becoming a superpower: The corpora- Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). act as a check on the power of the executive, tions and banks, which constitute private inter- But the question remains as to how the for- has also become an integral part of the foreign ests, were quickly transformed into represen- eign policy establishment hijacked the subject, policy establishment and the imperial presidency. The Senate, after all, is the breeding ground for presidential aspirants, who use their positions as elected officials to create new insti-

92 — tatives ofthe public interests. In turn, the latter an annual review of events with suggestions for has also attempted to do the impossible became the guardians of the entire nation's new directions. This Council, which is essential- namely, to identify the domestic consequences interests. Others have described this pheno- ly bipartisan and predominantly white, has of foreign policy mistakes. This audacity could menon as the emergence of the national security been able, through a myriad of agencies, to con- not go unchallenged. The New York Times, state to replace the nation state. Security issues trol and direct the foreign policy debate. Out- house organ of the foreign policy establishment, have become part and parcel of domestic and siders, or those who claim to be outsiders like has denounced Jackson as a carpetbagger who foreign policy-making. The most important im- Jimmy Carter when he first came to Washing- deals ingimmicks, like obtaining the release of a plication of this development is that those who ton, hope that they can rely on new individuals black marine. He is charged with publicly em- attempt to resist or criticize the goals of the na- for foreign policy-making. Indeed, Jody Powell bracing the "terrorist," anti-Christ Arafat, an tional security state quickly become open to the told reporters before the inauguration that the unpardonable act. Although strangely enough, it charge oftreason or consorting with the enemy. likes of Cyrus Vance and Zbigniew Brzezinski seems quite acceptable for General Haig and the Indeed, national security has become a holy would not be in the new Carter administration. State Department to have important policy dis- cow, and the foreign policy establishment has He quickly discovered, as had others, that the cussions, through a mediator, with the same been able to thwart any efforts to question the imperial presidency could not recruit from out- "infidel." In order to destroy a position, it is legitimacy of the national security state's ac- side the foreign policy establishment; that necessary to destroy the person who articulates tions. Even the Speaker of the House, Thomas members of this system had to be included if that position. Thus, the image-makers have P.(Tip) O'Neill, Jr., recently complained through government was to operate smoothly. turned withfull venom on Jesse Jackson in their an aide that the President had come close to The media play a vitalrole in creating the im- effort to destroy what he stands for. In this charging him with treason on the Lebanon ages that program the public to accept the endeavor, Jackson's past is carefully scrutin- issue. ideology of both the imperial presidency and the ized, his phrases carefully analyzed and, most There is another exceptionally important foreign policy establishment. The media importantly, attempts are made to re-interpret institution that has emerged in recent times. generally, avoid any in-depth analyses in their the meaning of his phrases. This is understand- The imperial presidency has found that national commentary on foreign policies, notable excep- able, for here is the first candidate for the bipartisan commissions perform an. important tions being the New York Times and the Wash- presidency to talk in a language and form that role in neutralizing any public debate on con- ington Post, which are, in the final analysis, the are alien to the image-makers, who are condi- troversial issues, and in creating a false house organs of the foreign policy establish- tioned by bureaucratic doublespeak. Black national consensus. The recent Kissinger Com- ment and, thus, tend merely to reinforce the American speech styles which have profoundly mission, labelled a bipartisan commission on consensus doctrine of that establishment. The influenced how English is spoken in the United Central America, consisted mainly of conser- electronic news media concentrate primarily on States, are producing a new imagery in U.S. vative members of the foreign policy establish- major foreign policy events and specialize in politics via the Jackson candidacy and, at last, ment from both the Republican and Democratic producing fast snapshots of those events. The are being taken seriously. Even more offensive parties. The primary purpose of this commis- magazine programs sponsored by the Public to the communications industry is the preacher sion was to make sure that the U.S. public Broadcasting Corporation, which do sometimes in Jackson, the preacher who, in the ministerial wouldaccept the doctrine, propagated by Kiss- proffer more in-depth analyses, have a small tradition, speaks of ethics and prophecy and inger and Reagan, that the only solution in Cen- viewership owing to formats that tend not to introduces morality into policy discussions. tral America is to increase military aid. By elicit great public enthusiasm. The PBS shows Jackson's critique, especially on the foreign involving members of both parties, the Kiss- generally consist of long monologues given by policy establishment's world view, has gotten inger Commission could insist that a foreign dull and pompous members of the establish- him into a great deal of difficulty.He wants a policyconsensus had been forged, and that ex- ment, who do not see their primary role as infor- change in the Eurocentric outlook and calls for istingReagan policy towards Central America is mation providers or educators of the public. the vast body of humanity to be taken seriously. the best possible course of action. Through Thus, despite the incredible technological He speaks sympathetically of the Africans, of these commissions of inquiry, which it initiates, advances in communication systems, the sub- the Asians, of the Latin Americans, and argues the imperial presidency is, again, able to act as stance of foreign policy issues still remains that since they comprise the bulk of humanity, the supreme body responsible for foreign policy within the domain of a small, private, privileged U.S. policy cannot ignore them. He challenges questions and monopolize all debate. group. the realists who have dominated the foreign The imperial presidency and the foreign Since image-making is the primary task of policy debate by calling for more idealism. He policy establishment have a third arm that is the media as far as the imperial presidency is talks about the moral obligations of having sometimes called the "fourth estate." Iprefer to concerned, there is very little debate during military power and of being a superpower. callit the communications industry. The media presidential elections about policy options. In But Jesse Jackson's world view is not the are only one part of that industry. It is impor- President Reagan, the media have struck gold. product of some sinister force that is tant to know that universities, foundations, His genius lies not in imaginative policy-making manipulating or paying him. Jackson repre- think tanks, as well as professional legal, nor in understanding the complexities of sents a changing world and, most importantly, medical and scientific bodies, are important social issues, nor in the implementation of dif- a changing United States. The U.S. of 1945, components of the new communications spec- ficult programs, but as a communicator. In upon which the foreign policy establishment tram. Officials of this industry move with great other words, the new cultural hero of this soci- bases its policy, is qualitatively different from ease from sensitive government positions to ety is not a person of substance or understand- the U.S. of1984. Black Americans whose views media, academic, and think tank assignments ing, but primarily one who has mastered the and vice versa. The foreign policy establishment ability to communicate. draws heavily upon this industry, and it is not The Jesse Jackson campaign has created a easy to break into the foreign policy establish- fundamental dilemma for presidential image- A. W. Singham is Professor of Political Science, ment. example, one of the most important in industry. Brooklyn College ofthe City University ofNew York. For makers the communications To This article been adapted lecture delivered of doctrine of the way thinking, background repul- has from a articulators the consensus their of his is at the Black and Puerto Rican Legislative Caucus Con- foreign policy establishment is the Council on sive. He was born out of wedlock in Greenville, vention, Albany, New York, February 1984. Foreign Relations, which produces the highly South Carolina, is a Baptist minister, and is prestigious publication America and the World, hopelessly black. But his most unforgivable sin during this campaign has been to debate the great issues of our times, especially the major questions of United States foreign policy. Like Martin Luther King, Jr., before him, Jackson

93 on foreign policy questions have often been sup- Having apologized for his verbal blunder, pressed now see reflections of those views in a POSTSCRIPT: Jesse Jackson has gone on to extend his vital voice that is challenging the legitimacy of the The episode and its aftermath, involving Jesse contributions to the 1984 presidential cam- establishment, and being heard. Jackson's Jackson's unfortunate characterization of paign by continuing to hammer away at the foreign policy objectives are a byproduct of the Jewish Americans in general and the New York hard issues, while his fellow contenders still work undertaken by the Congressional Black Jewish community in particular, held important splash about in the waters of "personality" Caucus, whose members have for years been lessons. First of all, the episode gave those who politics. In the televised debate that preceded offering alternative policy objectives. (For exam- had been lying in wait for this candidate, with the Southern primaries, —Jackson alone spot- ple, the Caucus ran counter to the general their knives sharpened and drawn, the oppor- lighted the salient points unemployment, the adulation of the U.S. invasion and conquest of a tunity they had been looking for. Clearly, the quest for peace, the over-stuffed defense budget, miniscule Caribbean nation— Grenada.) epithets used by Jackson, who had placed the U.S. adventurism in Latin America and the Mid- Jesse Jackson has struck a chord of harmony issue of morality at the center of his campaign, dle East, etc. His performance reconfirmed that with Hispanics, who have also become political- undercut the moral authority he had sought to while he may have some growing to do incer- ly active on foreign policy matters and on ques- exude. tain areas, when it comes to the most urgent tions relating to immigration. He has struck a But the "victory" Jackson's enemies can be matters confronting this nation today, Jesse chord of harmony with Asian Americans, who said to have won in this instance was only a Jackson's development far exceeds that of the are generally ignored by political leaders. He small and fleeting one. Rather than being the other presidential hopefuls. has struck a chord of harmony with whitepeace lone crusade of an individual on whose activists who are sick and tired of living in a character and conduct the crusade's meaning state of war and are fearful of nuclear annihila- and ultimate value rest, the Jackson campaign tion.He has struck a chord of harmony withthe indicates the existence of, and lends expression new majority—women. Even at the risk of to, a movement. This movement is none other alienating his conservative church followers, he than a permanent opposition within the Demo- has addressed the rights of the much-harassed cratic Party that does not accept the commer- gay population. Jesse Jackson is articulating cialization of the political process by the com- the needs of population groups whose politics, munications industry and public relations firms. until now, were confined to the streets. He As reflected in the issue-oriented design of the wants to take those politics from the streets Jackson campaign, this movement demands through the electoral process and up to the that the politics of personality and image- citadels of power. In the final analysis, Jesse making be replaced by the politics of policy- Jackson is leading, not a campaign for the making and public debate. Jackson's enemies presidency, but a major social movement. The have no laurels to rest on, for this movement is campaign of 1984 is nothing less than the sure to continue, and to become more articulate, beginning of a major debate about the future of more sophisticated and more insistent. the United States. Another lesson arising out of Jackson's faux pas has to do with the question of leadership in the black community. Racist America has a way of deigning to notice a single charismatic leader, whom it then invests with the responsibility of speaking for the whole community, expecting in return that this leader willdeliver his constituency whenever their support is required. This precarious arrangement can easily be disrupted by either physical assassination or character assassination. The Congressional Black Caucus has survived because it has developed a unique style of collective leadership which the architects of COINTELPRO have not been able to destroy, even though assaults have been mounted against individual members such as John Conyers and Ronald Dellums. A second aspect of the leadership question pertains to the responsibility a leader has to the people he is representing. At this historical mo- ment, Jesse Jackson is the single most visible leader of the black community and of a broad, multi-racial/ethnic coalition of forces. What does he owe this constituency? We submit that he has a responsibility to deport himself in a way that dignifies the members of that constituency and their legitimate movement for change.- It is hoped that the Jackson campaign willprompt an in-depth examination of the leadership question in allof its aspects.

94 DINNER PROGRAM

Invocation

Welcome

Dinner

Greetings from the President Honorable Louis Stokes

Greetings from the Chairman of The Congressional Black Caucus Honorable Julian C. Dixon

Presentation of Awards George W. Collins Tennessee Valley Center, Inc. Honorable Maxine Waters William LDawson Honorable William L. Clay Humanitarian Award Paul Robeson (Posthumously) Adam Clayton Powell Rev. Jesse L. Jackson Entertainment

Jean Cam and Arthur Prysock

Closing Remarks Congressman William H. Gray, 111, Chairman, Congressional Black Caucus Fourteenth Annual Legislative Weekend

97 CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS FOUNDATION, INC.

AWARDS

1984 GEORGE W. COLLINS AWARD

TENNESSEE VALLEY cultural and social status of minority and ASSEMBLYWOMAN CENTER, INC. low-income communities, within the two MAXINE WATERS hundred and one counties of the Tennessee Valley Region. To accomplish its goals, the Center has embarked on a number of programs and projects to generate new employment opportunities and to strengthen the capabilities of minority communities, businesses, and organizations in order to make them more competitive in today's market economy. Since its inception, the Tennessee Valley Center, has made substantial progress toward achieving its mission. In five years of operation, over fifteen million dollars have been generated for Center projects and programs, as a result of which approximately fourteen hundred jobs have been either created or retained. The Tennessee ValleyCenter is now an integrated group of corporations specializing in elderly housing development, low and moderate income housing development, venture capital, and commercial real estate development. With an initial contract of Percy H. Harvey, only dollars, — President sixty-five thousand the Center ssemblywoman Maxine Waters, now boasts a net worth approaching ten Jm a Democrat, was first elected to f» he Tennessee Valley Center, Inc., million dollars. *\u25a0 \u25a0"• the Assembly in 1976, and m is a private, non-profit regional Percy Harvey, President, 1978, \u25a0" Mr. H. a reelected in 1980 and 1982 to serve minority economic development graduate of Wesleyan University in the 48th Assembly District of California. organization. Headquartered in Memphis, Middletown, Connecticut and a Harvard At the beginning of Assemblywoman Tennessee, it was established in 1979 for University lawyer, oversees the office, was enhancing trained Waters' second term of she the purpose of the economic, operation of the Tennessee Valley Center, elected Assembly Majority Whip by her Inc., with the assistance of a highly colleagues, ranking her number four on the trained, professional, dedicated and com- leadership team in the California State mitted staff. Assembly. In May of 1984, she was unanimously elected Democratic Caucus Chair which moved her into the number three leadership position. The first woman to hold such a powerful position in the history of the California Legislature, Assemblywoman Waters relinquished her

98 chairmanship of the Elections, Reappor- 1972, 1976 and 1980 Democratic Na- tionment and Constitutional Amendments tional Conventions as well as the 1974 1984 WILLIAML Committee to assume the responsibilities Democratic Mini-Conference in Kansas of tier new role. City. She also served as a member of the DAWSON AWARD Assemblywoman Waters serves on the Arrangements Committee for the 1978 Na- Assembly Ways and Means Committee and tional Democratic Party Conference. She is Chairs Assembly Subcommittee #4 on a member of the Democratic National Com- WILLIAML. CLAY State Government. In addition, she serves mittee and a member of the Center for on the Assembly Rules Committee, the Democratic Policy. Ms. Waters served on Assembly Judiciary Committee, the Select the Hunt Commission on Presidential Committee on Olympic Oversight and the Nominations. In 1984, she was selected as Joint Legislative Budget Committee. a member to the Rules Committee of the Ms. Waters has numerous firsts to her Democratic National Committee and was credit. She is the first woman to serve on appointed to the National Voter Registra- the leadership team in the state's history, tion Task Force. the first non-lawyer to serve on the The Los Angeles Times and Essence Judiciary Committee and the first Black magazine named Ms. Waters one of the woman to serve on the powerful Rules outstanding leaders at the International Committee. Women's Year Conference in Houston, Prior to her election to the Legislature's Texas, where she was elected Chair of the Lower House, Ms. Waters was Chief Depu- Women's Caucus. She now serves on many ty for a Los Angeles City Councilman for boards and advisory committees including three years, the first Black woman toreach the boards of Essence and Ms. Foundation the rank in City Hall history. Her legisla- as well as the Commission on the Status of tive ability and organizing skills built an Women and the National Women's Politi- outstanding reputation in Los Angeles cal Caucus Advisory Committee. Ms. government with such creative approaches Waters is also a member of the Women's as obtaining a $500,000 federal grant to Trusteeship. She is President and Founder convert two abandoned fire stations into of Black Women's Forum which has a community centers. membership of over 1,000 Black women in Ms. Waters is distinguished in Califor- the Los Angeles area. In addition, she fmj he William L. Dawson Award is nia and the United States for her refresh- serves on the National TransAfrica Board • presented to Congressman Wil- ing,hardworking approach to politics. She of Directors. liam L. "Bill"Clay, for his signifi- played a leading role in the successful Mrs. Waters was born in St. Louis, cant research, organizational, and leader- quest for: the Speakership by Willie L. Missouri and came to Los Angeles in ship contributions in the development of Brown, Jr.; campaigns of United States 1960. When the Federal Anti-Poverty Pro- legislation critical to the needs of minor- Senator Alan Cranston, Superintendent of gram began in 1965, she organized the ities and the poor in the United States. Public Instruction Wilson Riles, and Los first Head Start Program in Nickerson Since coming to Congress in 1968, Con- Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley. Most recent- Gardens Housing Project in Watts, served gressman Clay has sponsored over six ly, she served as the California Chair- as Head Start Teacher and then became hundred pieces of legislation, including the person of the Reverend Jesse Jackson for Supervisor of Parent Education for Watts, Hatch Act Reform Bill, the City Earning President '84 Campaign. Prior to her own Wilmington, and San Pedro. She still found Tax Bill, the Internal Revenue Service election to office, Ms. Waters also man- time to raise money for non-profit organ- Reform Bill, the Pension Equity Act, aged winning races for Los Angeles Coun- izations such as the Black Congress, the bills to reform the labor laws, as well cilmen David Cunningham and Robert Mothers of Watts and Dollars for Scholars. as several other bills related to Pension Farrell. Since election to office, Assemblywoman Reform. A recognized leader in the Democratic Waters has been an outspoken voice for He is the second ranking member of the Party, Ms. Waters was a delegate to the child care, consumer protection, small Committee on Post Office and Civil Service business development and equal rights for and Chairs its Subcommittee on Postal minorities and women. Operations and Civil Service, As third Ms. Waters is married to Sidney ranking member of the Education and Williams. She has a daughter, Karen and a Labor Committee, he is Chair of the Sub- son, Edward. committee on Labor Management Rela- tions. Congressman Clay is also a member of the powerful Democratic Steering and Policy Committee. 99 1984 HUMANITARIAN 1984 ADAMCLAYTON AWARD POWELL AWARD

PAUL ROBESON dations of racism in America. He was, and JESSE L. JACKSON he remains, the symbol of the Black Amer- wm aul Robeson (April 9, 1898- ican who uncompromisingly insists on full m* January 23, 1976), the son of a equality. As he put it, "I am looking for \u25a0* runaway slave, was born in freedom— full freedom, not an inferior Princeton, New Jersey. The most renowned brand." student-athlete ever to attend Rutgers Uni- A charter member of the National versity, Robeson went on to become one of Theater Hall of Fame and winner of the the world's foremost singers and actors. Spingarn Medal, Paul Robeson used his He was also a great scholar, who learned immense prestige and rare talents as more than 20 languages and produced powerful weapons in the universal struggle some of the most perceptive writings of against oppression. He said: "The artist this century on the cultures ofthe East, the must elect to fight for Freedom or for West and Africa. Slavery. Ihave made my choice. Ihad no One of the forerunners of the Civil alternative." Rights and Black Awareness movements, Because Robeson personified human Paul Robeson challenged the cultural foun- dignity to people around the world, and because he linked the struggles of Black Americans to the struggles of the oppressed everywhere, the United States "Establish- ment" and its media tried for 25 years to make him a "non-person." So today many people, especially young people, know very little about this great American citizen of the world. —^ everend Jesse L. Jackson was For the past decade the work of the Paul born in Greenville, South Caro- Robeson Archives has been devoted to fill- -\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0mf lina on October 8, 1941. One of ing this gap in our nation's history by five children, Reverend Jackson began assembling and cataloging a vast collec- working when he was six, helping deliver tion of materials documenting Robeson's stove wood from his grandfather's wood life and work. The Archives Board of Direc- yard. tors has selected the Moorland-Spingarn Reverend Jackson attended the all Black Research Center at Howard University in Sterling High School inGreenville and was Washington, D.C. as the permanent reposi- a star athlete in football, baseball and tory for this collection, and the transfer of basketball. After graduating in 1959, he materials is nearing completion. accepted a football scholarship to North Carolina A&T College in Greensboro. He was an honor student, a football star, and president of the student body. While a student at A&T,Reverend Jack- son became involved in the Civil Rights Movement. By 1963, he was leading daily

100 student sit-ins and protest marches which Reverend Jackson's appearances at the as the man the American people most ad- eventually brought about the desegrega- weekly Saturday morning meetings of mire. More than 35 colleges and univer- tion of Greensboro's theaters and restau- PUSH, heard by thousands of persons over sities have conferred honorary degrees on rants. He was elected president of the the radio, soon made him known as one of Reverend Jackson. newly-formed North Carolina Inter- the nation's most eloquent orators in Reverend Jackson resides in Chicago collegiate Council on Human Rights. In defense of Black rights and responsibil- with his wife, Jacqueline, and their five 1964, Reverend Jackson graduated with a ities. He organized PUSH for Excellence, children— Santita, 20, Jesse Jr., 18, degree in Sociology and worked briefly for an education program that combines mass Jonathan, 17, Yusef, 13 and Jacqueline, 8. the then Governor of North Carolina, Terry student motivation and parent-community Reverend Jackson is Associate Pastor of Sanford, organizing Young Democratic mobilization, which has become one of the Fellowship Missionary Baptist Church in Clubs. In 1965, he entered Chicago Theo- nation's most innovative programs for Chicago. logical Seminary and was ordained a Bap- improving our schools. He also created the tistMinister on June 30, 1968. program PUSH for Economic Justice, to Reverend Jackson's involvement with renegotiate the economic relationship be- Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. began with the tween Black America and corporate March to Selma in 1965. The following America to achieve economic reciprocity. year, Dr. King, President of the Southern Reverend Jackson has been a speaker Christian Leadership Conference, asked for a wide variety of groups, including a Reverend Jackson and the Chicago-based Joint Session of the Alabama Legislature, Council of Community Organizations to the Democratic National Convention, the help in a national drive to organize Black University of Notre Dame, the National communities to boycott discriminatory Council of Churches, the United States businesses. Dr. King launched Operation Conference of Mayors, the National League Breadbasket in Atlanta and Reverend of Cities, the National Conference of Black Jackson was named head of the Chicago Mayors, the National Urban League, the branch which successfully won its fight United Negro College Fund, the National withnine Chicago-area companies. Council of Negro Women, the National In August 1967, Reverend Jackson was Council of Christians and Jews, the Na- named National Director of Operation tional Educational Association, the First Breadbasket. After Dr. King's death, International Conference on Human Values Reverend Jackson took on key responsibil- (in London), the International Conference ities for organizing the SCLC-sponsored on World Peace and Poverty (in Dublin), Poor People's Campaign to dramatize the and the 20th Anniversary of the March on plight of the poor in the heart of the na- Washington. tion's capital. In his concern for promoting world In 1971, after four years as head of peace and human rights, Reverend Operation Breadbasket, Reverend Jackson Jackson has met with Pope John 11, former organized the Chicago-based Operation President Jimmy Carter, former Prime PUSH (People United to Serve Humanity) Minister of West Germany, Willy Brandt, and served as its National President until the late President Anwar Sadat of Egypt, October 1983, when he took an indefinite King Hussein of Jordan, King Khalid of leave of absence to seek the Democratic Saudi Arabia, Chief Gatsha Buthelezi and Domination for President of the United Bishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa, the States. late President William Tolbert of Liberia, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and Prince Philip of Great Britain. Reverend Jackson has been on the cover of Time magazine twice and Newsweek once since the age of 27. He has received a number of distinguished awards including the Rockefeller Public Service Award in 1978 and the Bellarmine Medal in 1979. In this year's Gallup Poll, Reverend Jack- son was ranked 9th (out of a possible 10)

101 DINNER ENTERTAINMENT

Cam is a dynamic songstress JEAN CARN who has thrilled audiences around Jeanthe world with her unique range and vocal quality. A native of Columbus, Georgia, Ms. Cam began singing at the age of four in the church choir. Her training includes gospel, classical, "and country/ western music. Her depth of feeling comes shining through in songs such as "When IFind You Love", "Together Once Again", "Reve- lation/Infant Eyes", and her latest entitled "Trust Me" on Motown Records and Tapes. Ms. Gam has performed and recorded with Earth, Wind and Fire, George Duke, Norman Connors, Michael Henderson, Ar- chie Shepp, Duke Ellington, Rick James, the Temptations, and many more. She is undoubtedly one of the most gifted vocal- ists in the recording industry.

-^- he words come out —at you from ARTHUR PRYSOCK M radio and television "Here's to \u25a0* good friends. ..the night is kind of special . ..tonight ...tonight . .., let it be Lowenbrau". The voice belongs to Ar- thur Prysock, a hefty balladeer whose equally weighty voice has been a familiar commodity on the singing scene since 1945. A native of Greensboro, North Carolina, he decided very early in life that he wanted to be a singer. His break came when the Buddy Johnson Band signed him on. Mr. Prysock recorded upward of fifteen songs with the Buddy Johnson Band— among them are "They All Say I'm the Biggest Fool," "I Wonder Where Our Love Has Gone," "Jet, My Love," and "We'd Only Start It AllOver Again." Mr. Prysock, with laurels around him from recording hits with Johnson, left the band in 1952 for a solo career. His firsthit was a Sy Oliver arrangement of "Blue Velvet". It was in 1976 that the Miller people asked him to record a commercial for their beer. From that venture came the Lowenbrau commercial and a new life for Arthur Prysock. "Can you imagine?" he chortles, "Making a hit commercial".

103 SPONSORS

A.L.Nellum and Associates Coca Cola, USA New England Television Corporation American Telephone and Telegraph Columbia Pictures Purex Industries Anheuser Busch Companies Computer Science Corporation R. J. Reynolds Industries, Inc. Avon Products, Inc. Coordination Council for North American Seven-Up Bellof Pennsylvania Affairs Southland Corporation Travers Bell, Inc. Adolph Coors Company Stroh Brewery Company Briscoe Company Consolidated Edison Co. of New York Sun Company Brown & Williamson Tobacco Company Democratic National Committee Technologies, Inc. Burroughs Corporation E. I. Dupont de Nemours Company Turner &Associates Carnation Company Equitable Life Assurance Society United Steelworkers of America CBS Records Essence Communications University of the District of Columbia Greyhound Corporation Univox California, Inc. E. F. Hutton Zeta Phi Beta Sorority Johnson and Johnson MCA Corporation McDonald's Corporation Mobil Oil Company Philip Morris, Inc. Philip Morris, U.S.A.

PATRONS

Akin, Gump and Haver Conoco, Inc. RCA Corporation Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Coopers and Lybrand Real Property Services American Can Company Delta Sigma Theta Sorority Sea Land Corporation American Gas Company Democratic National Committee Sears, Roebuck and Company American Transit, Inc. E.F. Hutton Service Employees International Union— ARAServices Finley, Kumble, Wagner, Heine, AFL-CIO Ashland Oil,Inc. Underberg, Manley &Casey Storer Communications Bell Atlantic Mobile Systems General Electric Company The Washington Hilton Hotel Bicardi Imports, Inc. General Foods Corporation Tobacco Institute Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co. Group Hospitalization, Inc. Unified Industries, Inc. Chrysler Corporation Health and Medicine Counsel Unity Broadcasting Network Coca Cola, U.S.A. of Washington, D.C. Wald, Harkrader, and Ross CBS Records Hospital Corporation of America Westinghouse Broadcasting and Cable, Inc, Howard University Inner City Broadcasting Internorth, Inc. ITT Corporation Martin Luther King Center for Non-Violent Social Change Miller Brewing Company Mobil Oil Company National Education Association Pepsi Cola Bottling Group Potomac Electric and Power Company

107 MESSAGE FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

CBCF— THE NEW FOUNDATIONS FOR THEFOUNDATION

m he past year could be described as 4. The Foundation successfully inaugurated a Center to provide a quality experience for ad- m the rebuilding of some of the founda- nationally distinguished Lecture Series. vanced undergraduate students. Students in \u25a0" of Congressional this program very active in support of tion the Black time, were our Caucus Foundation. It was a year filled with 5.For the first the Foundation sought Point of View newsletter. The Foundation also achievements in the face of adversity. Ironically, and was awarded research grants for the benefited by helping to provide public policy this past year was quite likely the most suc- partial funding for our Issues Forums on exposure to a number of undergraduate stu- Black Family. cessful year in the Foundation's history. The the dents at the University of the District of Colum- solid base of the rebuilding of the foundation of 6. This year saw the emergence of Point of bia. our Foundation was the decision to purchase an Viewas a major national quarterly Foun- These significant accomplishments signaled historic townhouse on Pennsylvania Avenue. dation newsletter which features major the end of the beginning. With your continued During the past year,wehave begun the process public policy research articles. help, the Foundation willcontinue to prosper. of completely restoring this building. We began this initiative at a time when we were under 7. The Foundation initiated valuable linkages unprecedented legal and financial pressures. withscholars throughout the United States The financial pressures were generated by a and with important research resources frivolous legal suit which the Foundation unani- such as the Foundation Center and the mously won in court. In addition to the legal Library of Congress. suit, the Foundation overcame other im- The above achievements were possible pediments such as threats to the personal because of the strong support and guidance of belongings and the personal security of the President of the Foundation and the Board employees from a spate of fall burglaries at of Directors, and the hard work of the staff. It Foundation headquarters, and the untenable reflects the fact that this year, Committees of situation of the Foundation paying dearly for the Board of Directors were more active than some capital equipment purchased in the past ever. This was especially the case for the Execu- but currently not available for Foundation use. tive,Finance, Housing and increasingly, the Per- The Foundation overcame these impediments sonnel and Policy Committees. with effective security measures and the advice The past year was also a year of staff transi- and help from the Foundation President in tion at the Foundation. Three Foundation staff- negotiating the Foundation to a fair settlement ers resigned and of these three positions, only on the excess capital equipment. one (the Executive Director) was filled. The The solid record of the Foundation's achieve- other positions were absorbed by other Founda- ments in the face of adversity was considerable. tion staff. In this spirit, the Senior Policy The report of our major operating divisions will Analyst absorbed the functions of the Director spell these achievements out in greater detail. of the Fellows Program and the Policy Analyst Briefly,they were: became the Editor of Point of View. Also, the 1.The successful conversion of a graduate in- Administrative Secretary absorbed the func- tern program into one of the most impor- tions of the Executive Assistant as well as tant Fellows Programs given by a United administrative functions. The result of these States organization. and other actions was a tremendous increase in overall staff productivity. Last, but not least, 2. The CBCF Legislative Weekend raised a the Assistant for Development also handled the record amount of funds in the most suc- responsibilities for press and media relations. cessful Dinner ever. As Executive Director, 1 am especially pleased with the management improvements over the 3. The Foundation successfully (with the vital last year. 1 pleased to have benefited from assistance of key volunteers) carried out a was steps initiated by the previous Executive spring art auction fundraiser which is ex- some Director. The major management improvements pected to become an annual event. were the development and installation of a number of new management systems for the Foundation. These system improvements included the finalization of a nncrw r personnel manual, the development of new operating and management policies, the revision of new financial management and accounting systems, the development and implementation of effective operating budgets, and distribution of costs to more specific program budget allocations. Last, but not least, the Foundation benefited by utiliz- ing a working relationship with the Washington

110 CBCF—ANNUALREPORT 0NRESEARCH PROGRAMS • Point ofView, the GBCF quarterly report on struggle for self-determination. Because South DOMESTIC POLICY research and public policy resumed Africa has joined the elite group of nations with \u25a0m^ uring the 1983-84 fiscal year, new publication. It provides a medium for the nuclear capacity, it becomes imperative to *^Mm ground was broken in the efforts of dissemination of information and public understand the nature and role of African- Hthe Congressional Black Caucus policy analyses to a nationwide audience. American participation in the liberation and Foundation to build its research program. With To date two issues, Spring 1984 and Sum- support of majority-rule in South Africa. The sufficient funding and an organizational commer 1984, have been published. Articles Caribbean, similar to Southern Africa, is a very mitment to continue these efforts, the Founda- were submitted by Members of the CBC, important region for Black-Americans who are tion willsoon become the leading organization noted scholars and researchers in the interested in foreign affairs, not only for its for research on public policy issues affecting academic community, CBCF staff, CBCF close physical proximity to the U.S., but also Black Americans. Fellows, interns and volunteers. because of the large number of Caribbean-born of our effort been to develop people The thrust has • The Research Program developed and coor- who have become citizens of the U.S. strengthen Foundation's linkages increasing complexity and the with dinated the Issue Forums during the Four- The of international scholars working on public policy research and in sophisti- teenth Annual Legislative Weekend. This relations this decade demands a analysis. Through visits to academic centers in year, the Foundation presented a series of cated and sensitive research approach to the Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Ann Arbor, Philadel- Issue Forums the Black Family entitled study of foreign policy. During the up-coming phone on phia and numerous calls around the "Negotiating a Dual Society: Adaptation year, the CBCF will begin research projects country, we are working with 75-100 scholars Strategies in Black Family Life."The Foun- designed to expand the level of knowledge about publication whohave submitted material for in dation also sponsored fiveIssue Forums on these areas. Clearly, knowledge about these im- Point of View, who willpresent papers at our International Affairs. portant areas is an indispensible ingredient in conferences, who have submitted research pro- • successful policy-planning and policymaking. posals, or whoare interested in working withus The Black Family Issue Forum was funded Another aspect of our research focus is the on future projects. in part by a grant from the Rockefeller expanded role given to International issues at We willcontinue to work with these scholars Foundation and the Foundation for Child the Annual Legislative Weekend. This year, the and to disseminate their work in Point of View, Development. This is the first of many such CBCF will host over twenty distinguished future CBCF seminars, conferences, mono- research grants the Foundation intends to scholars and policymakers who will discuss graphs, and other information bulletins. In addi- seek. U.S. foreign policy in Africa and the Caribbean. tion, we will aggressively seek funding from The research papers emanating from the Issues private foundations and the government for INTERNATIONALPOLICY Forums willbe published through the Founda- research projects co-sponsored by the Founda- tion and made available to Congressional Mem- tion and other research centers. Some of the fmrj he research efforts of the Congres- bers and the general public. research projects we have already received in- -*m sional Black Caucus Foundation, Inc., clude, Black urban development, occupational reflects the priorities of Black Amer- stress among Black corporate executives, the ica and the Black world. As a Black American emerging technologies and the information research institute, we are unique in our appre- underclass, and the impact of tax policies on ciation and acknowledgement of a dual research Blacks. priority for Black America which wHI not only An additional goal for the coming year is to focus on domestic policy but International develop a research clearinghouse at the Foun- Affairs, as well.Our research direction acknowl- dation in order to facilitate contacts between edges the reality of an inter-dependent world in researchers and policy makers, and to enable which the United States relies on other nations scholars and policy makers to look to a central for invaluable natural resources and other na- source for current information on the status of tions depend on our resources and political research or key issues affecting Blacks. leadership. Black Americans and other mem- Some of the accomplishments of the bers of the Black world are beginning to com- Research Program include: municate and relate to one another on an unprecedented scale. We realize that international •The Foundation's network of policy makers, solidarity within the Black world is necessary scholars, and involved citizens interested in not only for international trade relationships, working on CBCF sponsored research pro- but also for mutual support in our various grams was expanded. struggles for economic and political empowerment. The international research efforts of the CBCF have focused on two major areas of the Black world: Southern Africa and the Carib- bean. Southern Africa remains a potential or perhaps an inevitable tinderbox for international conflict. It is the area in Africa where cold war anxieties between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. will play a prominent role in the final

111 ANNUALREPORT OH CBCF FELLOWS PROGRAM

1983, the CBCF instituted a Congres- and Ms. Shirley Bryant, who experienced a researching legislative issues and briefs; brief- sional Fellows Program. This program, tremendously diverse range of congressional ing the Congressman for hearings, legislative fnwith an innovative research focus, is positions. These settings ranged from the Com- markups, floor debates and meetings with designed to meet the challenges of the 1980's mittee on Rules to the Subcommittee on Labor various constituents and trade groups; and with its continuous demands for reliable and Management Relations. Brief profiles of the drafting letters to major trade associations sophisticated information. The Fellows Program 1983-84 Congressional Fellows indicate the informing them of the Congressman's position replaced the former Graduate Legislative Intern remarkable flexibility and diversity of their on important pieces of health legislation. Also, Program. experiences during their Fellowship year. she tracked and responded to concerns of One of the primary goals of the Congressional As a Congressional Fellow for 1983-84, Dr. lobbyists and constituents; answered consti- Black Caucus Foundation is to become the ma- Barbara Haile had the rare opportunity to tuent inquiries, correspondence and publica- jor research institution concerned with analyz- become an integral part of many new and chal- tions requests. Dr. Haile also communicated ing the future impact of various public policies lenging experiences in the legislative arena. She with various Federal and State agencies for in- upon the Black community. Inline withour new amassed a considerable amount of knowledge formation in mediating constituent problems. research goals, the program seeks to expose the about the policymaking process and the opera- But, she considers her most significant con- Fellows to a broad array of policy-related tion of particular policies. But, the greater tributions to be the drafting of a billthat would research which would increase the depth and challenge lay in combining this knowledge with amend the Medicaid Program to provide dental breadth of their knowledge of policy issues her professional values, based on an ethic of benefits to the elderly poor, and assisting acon- within and beyond their major areas of exper- social justice, and at times, the subtle but skill- stituent's agency in receiving $175,000.00 tise. We also provide a forum through the CBCF ful application of power in bringing about solu- reimbursement from its fiscal intermediary. Dr. Distinguished Scholars Lecture Series, where tions to problems affecting individual constitu- Haile received a letter of commendation from our Fellows, the CBCF community and the tents as well as large groups. Of course, this the Director of the Howard University Hospital policy oriented public can benefit from the process was greatly facilitated by working for a Transplant Center for work done on the Na- knowledge of renowned Black scholars. Member of Congress who shared her concern tional Organ Transplant Act. She also con- We provide an opportunity for our Fellows to for social justice. tributed a very important article to the CBGF diversify their congressional experiences by During her Fellowship year, Dr. Haile's legis- publication, Point of View, entitled "Poverty working with various congressional offices and lative responsibilities included: preparing brief- Growing in the U.S., 34 MillionHurt." subcommittees. The Congressional Fellows for ing documents for the second hearing on pover- Ms. Valencia (Fay) Mays was assigned tothe the 1983-84 year, featured three outstanding ty held during the Fall of 1983; drafting Con- Subcommittee on Labor-Management Relations women: Dr. Barbara Haile, Ms. V. Fay Mays gressional Record statements; writing and of the House Committee on Education and Labor which is Chaired by Congressman William (Bill) Clay (D-MO). She conducted research and policy analysis in support of the subcommittee's year-long investigation into enforcement of the employer and labor relations consultant reporting requirements of the Labor- Management and Disclosure Act of 1959 (Landrum-Griffin Act) by the U.S. Department of Labor. These investigatory efforts were culminated by two days of Subcommittee hearings and the adoption of a Report which pointed out that the Department was failing to enforce important provisions of the law. In partial response to information developed by Ms. Mays and the Subcommittee recommendations, Con- gress refused to provide funds for additional investigatory positions requested by the Depart- ment of Labor. In addition, Ms. Mays compiled a summary of bills and resolutions referred to the Subcom-

From left to right 1st rowDr. Mark Mitchell, Terrie Laurie, Dr. Marsha Coleman, Jacqueline Turnip- seed. Thomas C. Williams, 2nd rowCongressman Louis Stokes, Herbert Walker, Gayle Benton, Dr. Robert Cummings, Lerone Bennett, HI, Pearline Chase, Dr. Lorraine Cole, Marguerite Williams, Allen Matthews

112 mittee and assisted the staff in preparation of the guished members of the academic community. labor, business, public interest or govern- Women's Pension Equity Act that was eventu- During the first week of orientation for the pro- ment (including the congressional, execu- ally signed into law. Ms. Mays functioned as an gram, the summer Fellows met with: Dr. Alvin tive and judicial). important staff member of the Subcommittee on Thornton, PoliticalScience Professor at Howard • Law Students are currently ineligible Education and Labor. University; Dr. William (Bill) Ellis, Senior for the CBCF Fellows Program. Ms. Shirley Bryant was a CBCF Fellow with Research Advisor, The Congressional Research • the Committee on Rules which provided her the Service; Dr. Lorenzo Morris, Political Science We accept undergraduate students through unique opportunity to learn about the formal Professor at Howard University; Ms. Ceclee the Washington Center. The Washington procedures, traditions and practices that under- Counts, staff member of TransAfrica, and staff Center is an agency which coordinates and gird the operations of the House of Represen- members of various Congressional and Senate places college students with professional tatives. Her major assignment was to monitor offices. The VCF's, within eight weeks, were organizations for a ten-week period. The Congressional response to the recent Supreme assigned reserved projects by various Subcom- Washington Center interns, ifchosen by the Court decision invalidating legislative veto pro- mittee Members offices. These Fellows were Foundation, are assigned to a CBCF staff visions of federal legislation and to assist in the integrated quickly into the work routine of their member and enjoy many of the privileges organization of hearings by the Committee on various appointments and assignments. afforded CBCF Fellows. For more informa- Rules on the legislative veto. Those hearings, The Congressional and Visiting Fellows at- tion, please contact: The Washington which began in November, 1983, examined the tended, through the Foundation, the Congres- Center, 1101 14th Street, N.W., Washing- impact of the Court decision INS v. Chadha on sional Quarterly Lectures and Seminars on: ton, D.C. the authorization/appropriations process and "The Executive Budget Process," "Congress the judicial process, as well as the impact of and the Legislative Process," "Understanding expedited procedures on House operations. Congress" and "Research Workshops on Con- The 1983-84 Congressional Fellows, attended gress." The Congressional Quarterly courses in a number of professional conferences in their conjunction with their personal experiences on fields of expertise. These Fellows attended such congressional assignments combined to provide conferences as: The Equal Opportunity and a comprehensive overview of the major aspects Higher Education Conference; The National of the legislative process. Black Women's Leadership Caucus; The Grove While at the Foundation, our Fellows are pro- Conference on the Family in Chapel Hill,North vided office space at the Library of Congress. Carolina; The Public Administration Conference The "in-residence" status at the Library of Con- inNorfolk, Virginia; The AFL-CIO Conference on gress allows our Fellows easy access to the Women in the Labor Union and The National most sophisticated and advanced collection of Conference of Black Political Scientists. books and other information in the world. We The Visiting Congressional Fellows (individ- are also pleased to be able to offer our Fellows uals who serve eight weeks at the Foundation the highest stipend among Black institutions during the summer) met seventy-five percent of that offer Fellowship programs. The CBCF is the CBC Members. These Members were very confident that we offer one of the most com- gracious with their time and information. CBC prehensive and sophisticated Fellows programs Members allowed approximately one hour and in this country— a program designed to meet a half for each appointment which gave ample the challenges and demands of the Black world. time for questions and answers about the The admissions criteria for the CBCF Fellows legislative process. The lengthly time allotment Program stipulates that: byCBG Members also indicates the importance CBC Members attach to our program. Many of • College faculty members, policy analysts or the VCF's were able to develop strong profes- full-time graduate students are eligible to sional relationships with CBC Members and apply for a Fellowship. their staffs. The VCF's also met with distin- • Fellow assignments are for forty hours per week. Placements and assignments are determined objectively and are dependent upon the candidate's educational qualifica- tions and individual interests. • Concurrent with the legislative assignments, Fellows meet in a regular series of seminars conducted by representatives of

113 Left to Right: Fay V. Mays— 1983-84 Fellow; Marsha Coleman, Director ofCBCF Fellows Program;—Con- Congressional Fellows gressman Charles A. Hayes; Barbara Haile 1983-84 Fellow; Shirley Bryant— l983-84 Fellow VALENCIAFAY MAYS Valencia Fay Mays, 1983-84 Congressional Fellow, served on the Subcommittee on Labor- Management Relations. She conducted research and policy analysis in support of the Subcom- mittee's investigation into the enforcement of the employer and labor relations consultant reporting requirements of the Labor-Manage- ment and Disclosure Act of 1959 by the U.S. Department of Labor. Ms. Mays received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Knoxville College and her Masters of Public Administration from Atlanta Univer- sity.

BARBARA HAILE,Ph.D. Dr. Barbara Haile received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Kentucky, a Master of Arts degree from Indiana University, a Master of Social Work degree from Howard University, and a Doctor of Social Work degree CBCF VisitingFellows from the University of Pennsylvania. She was a 1983-84 Senior Congressional MR. LERONE BENNETT Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Fellow, assigned to the Ways and Means Sub- Visiting Fellow-. committee on Oversight and the office of Assignment: Congressman Howard Wolpe: Representative E. Ford of Tennessee. Harold Synthetic Fuel Corporation, Billto rescind $10 Dr. Haile has been a faculty member at the millionfrom the corporation. University of South Carolina in Sumpter and at Syracuse University, where she taught Social Welfare Policy to graduate and undergraduate students. MS. GAYLE P. BENTON

SHIRLEY A.BRYANT Shirley A. Bryant, 1983-84 CBCF Senior Con- gressional Fellow, served on the Committee on Rules. She assisted in organizing Committee Hearings on the impact upon Congress of the 1983 Supreme Court decision in Immigration & Nationalization Service v. Chadha, which struck down the use of legislative vetoes by Congress. Ms. Bryant received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Hanover College and her masters Mr. Lerone Bennett, a graduate of Morehouse degree in Social Work from the Fordham College, in Atlanta, Georgia, is presently seeking University School of Social Sciences. She is cur- a masters degree in Public Affairs from Texas rently a doctoral candidate in the School of Southern University in Houston, Texas. Social Work at Howard University. Mr. Bennett submitted a paper to the Con- gressional Black Caucus on the War Powers Act which expresses the constitutional provisions wars, emergencies for and the kinds of indirect Ms. Gayle Benton, a placed P. masters degree candi- pressures on Members of Congress. date in the Texas Southern University recipient Society School of The of the of Collegiate Jour- Public Affairs' Public Program, nalists Award, Mr. Bennett was a Morehouse Administration in Houston, Texas, has as her areas of College Dean's List student and is listed in academic specialization, Public Personnel "Who's Who Among American College Management and Urban Management. Students." Ms. Benton has served as a Probation Officer for the Harris County Adult Probation Depart-

114 ment in Houston, a home supervision counselor inthe Alameda County Probation Department in DR. LORRAINE THERESA COLE DR. ROBERT J. CUMMINGS Alameda, California and a Group Counselor 11. Congressional Black Caucus Foundation VisitingFellow: Assignment: Congressman Ronald V. Dellums: Research on Black and Third World Women's Involvement in Politics and Peace Movements.

MS. PEARLINE CHASE

Dr. Lorraine Cole, Director of MinorityConcerns Dr. Robert J. Cummings, Director of the African at the American Speech-Language-Hearing Studies Research Program in the Graduate Association in Rockville, Maryland, received her School of Arts and Sciences at Howard Univer- Ph.D. in Communicative Disorders from North- sity in Washington, D.C., is Vice President and western University in Evanston, Illinois. President-Elect of the African Studies Associa- Dr. Cole is the author of "Blacks With Oro- tion, a national and international academic facial Clefts: The State of the Dilemma," "The association. Effects of the Apartheid System in South Africa The recipient of grant contracts by the U.S. on Service Delivery and Training in Speech Department of Education, U.S. Information Pathology and Audiology," "The Social Respon- Agency, U.S. Department of State and the John sibility of the Black Researcher," and a com- F. Kennedy Foundation and Center, Dr. Cum- Ms. Pearline Chase, a doctoral candidate at puter software program that performs socio- mings' books and monographs include: The Harvard University in Cambridge, Massa- linguistic language sample analysis. Lagos of Berg Report: Con- chusetts, received her masters degree in Plan Action vs. The Dr. Cole is a Fellow of the American Speech- temporary Issues in African Economic Develop- Mathematical Education from Louisiana Language-Hearing Association, a former ment, Islam in the United States: Religion with Technical University in Shreveport, Louisiana. Research Fellow of the Rockefeller .Foundation Ideology, and the Basic Course in Tigrinya: Text- A former instructor of mathematics with the Program Minority Department University for Group Scholars and the book. of Mathematics at the of Fellowship is Oklahoma, in Norman, Oklahoma, Chase National Fund of the Ford Founda- Dr. Cummings on the Board of Directors of Ms. is Montgomery County Chapter NAACP, interested in policy analysis benefit tion. the of the that will recipient Washington on Washington Members of the Congressional Black Caucus. A ofthe Medal ofMerit from the Na- Office Educational tional Black Association for Speech, Language Fund, WPBT-TV, Channel 2 in Miami, Florida, Congressional Black Caucus Foundation and Hearing, she held positions with the and the United Nations Educational Scientific VisitingFellow: Chicago Department of Human Services, North- Cultural Organization-Funded African Diaspora Assignment: Mervyn University Speech Language Clinic, in Washington, is recipi- Congressman M. western and Committee ( D.C. He the Dymally: Science Foundation policy and University of Illinois Division of Services for ent of grants from the U.S. Agency for Inter- analysis of elementary, secondary and Crippled Children, and the Chicago Association national Development 211-D and Institutional postsecondary education. for Retarded Children. Development Grant for International Health. Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Visiting Fellow: VisitingFellow-. Assignment: Congressman Charles B. Assignment: Congressman William H. Rangel: Research on trend analysis for the Gray, III: South African International Trading Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Con- Partners: 1979 to the Present. trol.

115 Author of "Influences of International Trade MS. THERESA A.LAURIE and Commerce on Labor Economics inHouston," Mr. Williams has served as University Super- visor of student teachers at Texas Southern University, Administrative Assistant to the Dean of the School of Education at Texas Southern University, and Instructor of Human Development and Student Government Leader- ship at the College of Alameda in Alameda, California. Mr. Williams is listed in "Who's Who inAmer- ican Colleges and Universities," a contributor to the Texas Southern University student newspaper, "The Herald," a member of Phi Delta Kappa, Houston Council of Education and the American Association of Higher Education. Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Visiting Fellow-. foreclosures for Rochester, data on inner city Assignment: Congressman Mickey Leland: violence in the Rochester City School District Research on Texas Junior College financing and Laurie, and the evaluation of the effectiveness of pro- continuation of research on doctoral studies. Ms. Theresa A. a former member of the posed techniques City to reduce school violence. Youth Services Coordinating Office for the Turnipseed publication Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Ms. has submitted for of received a Analysis degree Bryn "A Theoretical of the Sub-Minimum masters of Social Service from Wage." Mawr College in Pennsylvania. Ms. Laurie's research emphasis has been Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Contributing Scholars social policy and program development, and in VisitingFellow-. Dr. Mark Mitchell an advanced program inLaw and Social Policy Assignment: Congressman Parren J. Mit- Marguerite Siebenhoven her focus was the legislative process and legal chell: Economic and Taxation Division, research. Research on the impact of tax laws on small Her most recent research paper is entitled: business. Washington Center Interns "District 7 Truancy/Drop-out Program: Attend- Orandra Cotton ance Improvement Project." Herbert E. Walker, 111 Congressional Black Caucus Foundation MR. THOMAS C. WILLIAMS D'Andre Workman VisitingFellow-. Assignment: Congressman William H. Gray, 111: Research on the Department of University ofthe District Defense-Contracting for Socially and Eco- of Columbia Interns nomically Disadvantaged Business. Wayne Caraway Clinton Davis MS. JACQUIE TURNIPSEED Cheryl Green Jeanet Hite Ms. Jacquie Turnipseed. a former Policy Jackie Hobbs Analyst in the Budget Bureau for the City of Kimberly Kellogg Rochester, York, League New and the Urban Joseph Kennedy Task Force of Rochester, received her masters degree in Public Policy from the University of Uzo Nnamani Rochester. LaVerne Stephens With a background in microeconomic analy- Sheila Williamson sis, multivariate statistical analysis, cost- benefit techniques, computer languages— FORTRAN, SAS, MINITAB, Turnipseed and Ms. Mr.Thomas C. Williams, a doctoral candidate in "impact (cost/benefit) evaluated the tax Higher Education at Texas Southern University, foreclosure policy" by City enacted the of in Houston, Texas, assisted in the writing and Rochester. editing ofDr. James J. Cunningham's Sources of Other investigative by Turnip- research Ms. Finance for Higher Education in America. seed includes the accumulation of data on tax

116 THE CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS FOUNDATION

DISTINGUISHED SCHOLARS LECTURE SERIES

he CBCF Distinguished Scholars Lec- The inaugural 1984 Lecture Series included ture Series was initiated this year presentations by such distinguished scholars T with an opening lecture by Dr. as: Robert Staples entitled "Reflections on the Robert Staples, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Future of the Black Family: Implications for Sociology at the University of San Francisco. He Public Policy." The Lecture Series serves as a is the author of The World of Black Singles: forum for Black scholars, distinguished philoso- Changing Patterns of Male/Female Relation- phers and practitioners to suggest and define ships,- Black Masculinity: The Black Male's Role future legislative policy directives to Members in American Society; and The Urban Plantation: of Congress and the public. Lectures this year Changes in Race Relations During the Post Civil focused on many of the economic and political Rights Era. Dr. Staples presented a paper at the issues currently confronting Blacks in America. Lecture Series entitled: "Reflections on the The Lecture Series is open to the public and will Future of the Black Family: Implications for be expanded next year to include presentations Public Policy." in other cities. The manuscripts, cassettes, Joyce Ladner, Ph.D., Professor at Howard records, and a monograph series of the lectures University in the Department of Social Work. willbe available for sale. The 1983-84 CBCF Dr. Ladner is the author of Tomorrow's Tomor- Fellows served as rapporteurs and moderators row; The Black Woman, Mixed Families: Adopt- for the Lecture Series. ing Across Racial Boundaries,- and she edited The 1984-85 CBCF Distinguished Lecture The Death of White Sociology. She lectured on Series willbe held in five cities throughout the "Adolescent Pregnancy in the Black Communi- country. Dr. Charles Hamilton, the distin- ty: Public Policy Implications. guished Sayre Professor of Government at Harriette McAdoo, Ph.D., Dean of the School Hope Franklin, Columbia University in New York City, willpre- of Social Work at Howard University. She is the John Ph.D sent the opening lecture during the CBCF former Chairman of Human Behavior Sequence Dr. McAdoo delivered paper at the Lecture faculty a Legislative Weekend, Wednesday September and chairman of major committees. Series on "The Feminization of Poverty." 26, 1984, with a presentation entitled "Social Among Dr. McAdoo's books are Black Families John Hope Franklin, Ph.D., Professor, Duke Implications in Poverty. Policy and Political Reforms: for Women and Children: Aloneand University. Professor Franklin has written a Minorities and the Poor." number of books, including The Emancipation Proclamation-, The Free Negro in North Carolina; Reconstruction After the Civil War-, and A Southern Odyssey: Travelers in the Antebellum North. His Jefferson Lecture in The Humanities for 1976 was published under the title of "Racial Equality in America." Perhaps his best known book is From Slavery to Freedom: A History ofNegro America, the fifth edition of which appeared in 1980. Dr. Franklin's presentation focused on "Lessons From the Past for Policies for the Future." David Swinton, Ph.D., Director of the Policy Center at Clark College in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Swinton is directing the development of an innovative research program which is designed to generate a better understanding of linkages between the institutional, structural, performance and other systematic characteristics of the American economy and economic problems of the Black American population. His lecture analyzed the problems of "Systematic Barriers to Economic Development for Black Americans." Pictured left to right: Dr. Frank Morris, Executive Director; Hon. Charles Rangel; Dr. Robert Staples, Guest Lecturer; Mrs. Alma Rangel, CBGF Board Member; Sheryl Webber, CBCF Board Member; Mr. Al Nellum, V.R. CBCF Board

117 ANNUALREPORT ONDEVELOPMENT

major focus of the Congressional ested in participation in our programs. We Black Caucus Foundation develop- would also use the Advisory Board to foster Jhement program is to continue to support for the CBCF Endowment Fund. generate a continuing source of income to sup- The efforts to stimulate corporate participa- port the programs and research efforts of the tion will center on forming a partnership with Foundation. As the Foundation moves to realize the corporate business structure, so that an ex- its goal to expand its research projects and sup- change of information is communicated regard- port arid fund specific research, it becomes ing how public policy issues impact Blacks and necessary to focus on long term substantiating other minorities in the corporate arena. financial support. The Foundation's major In April of this year, the Foundation held an source of revenue is generated through the Art Exhibit, Auction and Brunch sponsored by activities of the Annual Legislative Weekend. the Congressional Black Caucus Spouses. This The development program is responsible for the spring's fundraiser was the first undertaking of planning and coordination of that event. While this nature by the Foundation. Its purpose was the revenue raised during the Legislative to raise funds to renovate the Foundation's first Weekend has increased substantially over the permanent home which we have occupied since past four years, the needs of the Foundation's October of 1983. many programs have outpaced the revenue in- The spring fundraiser generated enough creases. Thus, the development program of the funds to put in an air conditioning/heating Foundation is presently moving to establish a system and complete the renovation of the base- Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Endow- ment of the building. A second spring fund ment Fund. The revenue raised from the 1983 CBCF Awards Dinner Congressman William H. raiser is being considered to raise the funds Cabaret Concert featured at this year's Annual Gray, III,presenting Mr. Julius Irving with the necessary to complete the total renovation. Legislative Weekend will initiate this endow- George W. Collins Award. ment. Continued growth for the endowment is anticipated through contributions made from the regional CBCF fundraisers held in various cities around the country. Los Angeles, Califor- nia, is the site of the 1985 CBCF Regional Fund- raiser. Other development activities include the development of a Corporate Advisory Board and the initiation of additional corporate participation. The Corporate Advisory Board willbe utilized to advise the Foundation on strategies to employ in order to expand the fund raising efforts of the development program. The Advisory Board wouldassist in identifying potential companies and/or individuals who might be inter-

Exhibit at 1983 Exhibit Program

118 CBCF STAFF

From left to right: Sherille Ismail, Marsha Coleman, Ph.D., Frank Morris, Ph.D., Joyce Austin, Willie Faye Garrett, Gary C. Rivers, Aleta Hordge, Keith Alien(Coordinator ofthe Spouses Fashion Show)

FRANK L.MORRIS, Ph.D. GARY C. RIVERS Associate Professor of Political Science and Urban Affairs at Northwestern University. The recipient of several advanced degrees, he has studied at Georgetown University, Syracuse University, Colgate University, the University of Ghana and the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology. He holds a Doctorate in PoliticalScience from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a masters in Public Administration from Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York. A much sought-after speaker and lecturer, Dr. Morris has been the guest lecturer at a number of colleges and universities including Yale University, the University of Chicago, Howard University and West Point Naval Academy. He has a long record of scholarly publications, community service, professional Dr. Frank L. Morris, the Executive Director of activities and distinguished honors and awards. Gary C. Rivers, Deputy Director of Development the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, for the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, administers all programmatic and fiscal opera- is responsible for the development and coor- tions of this national organization for research dination of all fund raising activities for the and legislative analysis. He is responsible for Foundation. Responsible for all phases of the the implementation of policies established by CBCF Legislative Weekend, he has raised nearly the CBCF President and Board of Directors. $4,000,000 in his four years of tenure. Dr. Morris brings to the Congressional Black Prior to joining the Foundation, Mr. Rivers Caucus Foundation an extensive background in served as Finance Director for the Boy Scouts of college teaching, government service, inter- America in New York City. He is a graduate of national development and foreign service. He is New YorkUniversity inNew Yorkand a member formerly the Assistant Director and Chief of of the National Society of Fund Raising Execu- Operations of the United States Foreign AidPro- tives. gram to Jamaica. Dr. Morris also has been an 119 District of Columbia, Department of Com- MARSHA LYNNE SHERILLE ISMAIL, municative Arts and Sciences. Ms. Garrett is COLEMAN, Ph.D. ESQUIRE responsible for providing assistance to the Deputy Director of Development in the fund raising efforts of the Foundation and for coordination of the public relations and media activities. She received her Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees from California State University at San Francisco where she majored in Speech Communications. Ms. Garrett holds a Juris Doctorate from Catholic University. A member of the District of Columbia Bar, Ms. Garrett's legal specialty is Communications Law.

AMYROBERTSON GOLDSON, COUNSEL Amy Robertson Goldson has been engaged in Dr. Marsha Coleman is Senior Research Analyst Sherille Ismail is Policy Analyst for the Congres- the private practice of law since 1982. Her for the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation sional Black Caucus Foundation and serves as primary areas of concentration include cor- where she is directly responsible for conducting Editor of the Foundation's quarterly newsletter, porate and commercial matters, tax, civillitiga- specific CBCF- sponsored research on inter- Point of View. Mr.Ismail's main research focus tion, government contracts, EEO matters, and national policy issues. She also serves as Direc- is domestic policy and civil rights issues. public utilities law. tor of the CBCF Fellows Program, responsible Before coming to the Foundation, Mr. Ismail Before establishing her private practice, Ms. for coordination and supervision of the Fellows was a public interest lawyer in Washington, Goldson worked with Smothers, Douple and Program and Lecture Series. D.C., working on employment discrimination Long, a Washington, D.C. based law firm, and Dr. Coleman has taught Foreign Policy, Inter- and Freedom of Information Act cases. He is a with the Internal Revenue Service. Ms. Goldson national Relations, Political Communications graduate of the Georgetown Law Center and the has a Juris Doctorate from the CatholicUniversity Theory and African Studies at the American School ofForeign Service at Georgetown Univer- of America, Columbus School of Law, and a University, the University of California at Santa sity. A member of the District of Columbia Bar, Bachelor of Arts degree from Smith College in Barbara, and the Massachusetts Institute of he was born on the island of Sri Lanka and is Northampton, Massachusetts. Technology. She received her undergraduate now a U.S. citizen. degree from Barnard College of Columbia Uni- versity and holds a Doctorate in Political Science from the Massachusetts Institute of WILLIEFAYE HEARRING Technology. GARRETT, ESQUIRE

Willie Faye Hearring Garrett is Special Assis- tant for Development and Media Relations for the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation and is on sabbatical leave from the University ofthe

120 KEITH ALLEN ALETAK. HORDGE JOYCE W. AUSTIN

Keith Allen comes to the Congressional Aleta K. Hordge is Administrative Secre- Joyce W. Austin serves as the Secre- Black Caucus Foundation after six years of tary of the Congressional Black Caucus tary of the Development Program at the corporate sector experience. His most re- Foundation. Responsible for the execution Foundation. A native of Danville, Virginia, cent position was Special Assistant to the of the Foundation's administrative duties, Ms. Austin now makes Washington, D.G. President of a Black Enterprise "Top 100 Mrs. Hordge is a native Washingtonian her home. Corporation," where he was responsible and has been a member of the Foundation A graduate of Morgan State University for a myriad of activities ranging from staff since 1983. in Baltimore, Maryland, she brings to the marketing to organizational development. Foundation an expertise gained through in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, educational, public, and corporate Born and MATTHEWS, sector a graduate of Morehouse College in Atlan- J. ALLEN JR. experience. ta, Georgia, he now resides in Washington, Allen Matthews, serves as the Secre- D.C. Mr. Allen serves as the Coordinator of tary to the Fellows Program at the Founda- Congressional the Black Caucus Spouses tion. He is primarily responsible for assist- Fashion Shows. ing the director of the Fellows Program with securing placement assignments for the CBCF Fellows. A graduate of Excelsior School of Music in Washington, D.C., Mr. Matthews brings to the Foundation a wealth of secretarial and administrative experience having served as legal secretary to a number of leading law firms.

121 CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS FOUNDATION, INC. STATEMENTS OF REVENUE AND EXPENSES CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS SPOUSES' ANNUALFASHION SHOW FOR THE PERIODS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 1983 AND 1982 WITH THE AUDITORS' REPORT THEREON

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THE CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS FOUNDATION, INC. FINANCIALSTATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1984 AND 1983 WITH THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT THEREON

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ANHEUSER-BUSCH Sponsors of the Very Special Reception Co-sponsors of the CBCF & National Junior Tennis League Tennis Exhibition AVON Go-sponsor of the GBC Spouses Midnight and Brunch Fashion Shows Product Favors BLACKENTERPRISE, INC. October issue of Black Enterprise Magazine BLACKENTERTAINMENT TELEVISION Coordinators of the CBGF and National Junior Tennis League Tennis Exhibition CALIFORNIA COOLER Co-sponsors of the CBCF and National Junior Tennis League Tennis Exhibition CBS RECORDS, INC. Co-sponsors of the Cabaret Concert The Manhattans, courtesy of CBS Records EASTERN AIRLINES, INC. CBC Spouses Fashion Show Models transportation Co-sponsors of the CBCF and National Junior Tennis League Tennis Exhibition KOBRAND CORPORATION Beefeaters Gin Burroughs English Vodka OLINCORPORATION Directory of Historically Black Colleges and Universities in the United States PHILIP MORRIS, INC. and its operating companies: Philip Morris, USA; Miller Brewing Company; Seven-Up Company Co-sponsors of the Cabaret Concert Legislative Weekend portfolios CBG Spouses Midnight and Brunch Fashion Shows souvenirs NIKE Co-sponsor of the CBCF and National Junior Tennis League Tennis Exhibition SCM CORPORATION Smith-Corona typewriters JOSEPH SEAGRAMS &SONS Champagne for CBC Spouses Midnight Fashion Show SHOREHAM HOTEL Co-sponsor of the CBCF and National Junior Tennis League Tennis Exhibition SUMMITT SALES COMPANY Cherry Kijafa for CBG Spouses Brunch Fashion Show UNIFIED INDUSTRIES, INC. Co-sponsor of the African-Caribbean Dinner

142 CREDITS

DIMERPLANNING TEAM CBCF VOLUNTEERS JEFFREY FOX Eunice McCaW— Staff of The Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Congressman WilliamL. Clay wishes to extend a special thanks to the follow- ginia native, Jeffrey gk Bk Dotti Ross— Staff of ing persons for their invaluable assistance: Congresswoman Cardiss Collins Kathy Arnoldand Toni Taylor— Awards Dinner Washington, D.C. in Coordination; Shiba Freeman— Cabaret Con- 1978 to begin stud- jj Wm Heidi Napper— Staff of ies at Howard Uni- Congressman John Conyers, Jr. cert Coordination; Barbara Williams- Skinner— Prayer Breakfast Coordination; Fer- Joan Willoughby— Staff of graduated with a nando Narvaez— Hosts and Hostesses Coor- jmHrjflBiI^J^. Congressman George W. Crockett, Jr. dination; Jeff Fox—Cover Art Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. It was at Howard, that Mr. Fox Carlottia Scott— Staff of Assistant Coordinators forHosts and Hostesses; Congressman Ronald V.Dellums studied Graphic Design, but his interest was Greer Kelly-Cleaves, Kathy Thurston-Johnson, always underlined by the thought of being an Tracy Simmons &Chris Robert—Staff of Sarah Tucker illustrator and fine artist. Congressman Julian C. Dixon The University of the District of Columbia for Mr.Fox began his introduction to the graph- MaryTwitty—Staff of the services of Ms. Willeva Lindsey, Office of ics world within the university campus during Congressman Mervyn M.Dymally Public Affairs. his first two years. He undertook various graphic jobs university means Yvonne Green— Staff of Press around the as a Volunteers: However, experience Congressman Walter E. Fauntroy Naomi Churchill, Jackson, Daphine of experience. his ex- Ernestine panded acquainted a Myron Lowery— Northington, Abernathy, when he became with Staff of Gloria Lear Denise artist, Congressman Harold Whitfield, Wayne Walker, The University of well known Washington, D.C. Bernard E. Ford the During years at District of Columbia Summer Interns Brooks. his last two Howard Margaret Walker— Staff of University, Mr.Fox worked as Mr.Brooks' pro- Congressman WilliamH. Gray, 111 And the midnight oilburners: tege. This included not only working as an Brandon Johnson— Staff of Naomi Churchill, Beverly Crawford, Lorraine assistant artist for Mr. Brooks' in his firm Congresswoman Katie Hall Cole, Debbie DuCre, Cleo Gray, Linda Hender- Graphic Gallery, but participation ingroup art son, Annette Crumbley —Staff of Russell Hawkins, Ernestine Jackson, Kim- shows within the Washington, D.C. area. He Congressman Augustus F. Hawkins berly Kellogg, Juanita Lee, Len Perry, Harriett was an sssistant medical-dental illustrator at Pritchett, Vincent Stovall, Maria Williams, the Howard University Dental School, and par- Harriet Pritchett— Staff of Gladys Young, Winston Morris ticipated in a panel discussion at the Anacostia Congressman Charles A. Hayes Museum with other famous Washington, D.C. Sarah Matthews— Staff of The Congressional Black Caucus Foundation artists. Congressman Mickey Leland wishes to thank the over 300 hosts and host- As a young artist, Mr.Fox's greatest wish is Clarence Bishop—Staff of esses who so graciously volunteered their time to travel around the world to gain cultural Congressman Parren J. Mitchell and energy. experience. As he says, "you can't get all your one People's experi- Joyner— information from book. Marc Staff of ences are part of my work."Mr.Fox's works Congressman Major R. Owens ISSUE FORUM VOLUNTEERS are included in collections within the Washing- Brenda K. Swygert— Staff of ton metropolitan area. Congressman Charles B. Rangel Abiose 0. Adebayo, Cecelee Counts, Mohamad Len Perry— Staff of El-Khawas, Barbara Haile, Dora Henderson, Congressman Gus Savage Portia James, Ellen Kornegay, Georgia Parks, — Nancy Piersma, Mary Wade, Herbert E. Walker, LEGISLATIVE WEEKEND Joanne White Staff of 111, Arthur Williams Congressman Louis Stokes SOUVEMR BOOK Carolyn Smith—Staff of EDITORS: WillieFaye Hearring Garrett Congressman Edoiphus Towns CONGRESSIONAL BLACK — CAUCUS SPOUSES FASHION Gary G. Rivers Deloros Brown Staff of COPY PROCESSOR: Joyce Austin Congressman Alan Wheat SHOW VOLUNTEERS ADVERTISING: Freddi Moody Host &Hostesses Coordinator— Crystal Wright DESIGN &PRODUCTION: Rokus Design TYPESETTING: Litho Composition Staging &Production Services— Tracy Simmons, PRINTING: Virginia Lithograph, Inc. Danille Ricks, Vincent Stovall, Kerri Douglas Late Night Services— Thank you so much. Paul Christie, Robert Dace, Amien Hodge, Theresa A. Laurie, Courteney Miller, Brenda Washington, BillieHarris, Rod Harris

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