March 10, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1349 who voted against the invasion of Iraq. to themselves, but they responded— Sec. 103. Victim-centered child human traf- I never dreamed for one minute of when President Obama went to each of ficking deterrence block grant sending a letter to Saddam Hussein be- them and asked: Will you join us in im- program. fore that vote instructing him about posing sanctions, they agreed. That Sec. 104. Direct services for victims of child por- nography. the politics of America. It turns out made the sanctions far more effective. Sec. 105. Increasing compensation and restitu- that in the history of the Senate that If they think we are not serious, they tion for trafficking victims. has rarely, if ever, occurred. are going to be very tempted to ask: Sec. 106. Streamlining human trafficking inves- I hope now that those 47 Republican Why should we join you in supporting tigations. Senators will reflect on their actions sanctions in the future? If the United Sec. 107. Enhancing human trafficking report- and reflect on the impact it will have. States were alone in supporting sanc- ing. I hope the American people understand Sec. 108. Reducing demand for sex trafficking. tions, no matter what those sanctions Sec. 109. Sense of Congress. the President is embarking on a very are, it would not create any real pres- Sec. 110. Using existing task forces and compo- difficult and delicate mission to try to sure on Iran. nents to target offenders who ex- negotiate a verifiable end to the nu- Have we not made enough mistakes ploit children. clear arms race in the Middle East and in the Middle East? I remember some Sec. 111. Targeting child predators. specifically to end nuclear capability who said we must go to war in Iraq be- Sec. 112. Monitoring all human traffickers as in Iran. He may not achieve it, but I re- cause it would protect Israel or because violent criminals. spect him for trying. He is the Com- they had nuclear weapons or because Sec. 113. Crime victims’ rights. Sec. 114. Combat Human Trafficking Act. mander in Chief of the United States of they had weapons of mass destruction. Sec. 115. Survivors of Human Trafficking Em- America. He is the elected leader of our None of that was true. None of it. I re- powerment Act. Nation. Though many in this Chamber member people stopping me on the Sec. 116. Bringing Missing Children Home Act. cannot accept it, he is the President of street, angry that I voted against the Sec. 117. Grant accountability. the United States, and he deserves our war in Iraq. They said: We heard Vice TITLE II—COMBATING HUMAN respect. President Cheney say they have nu- TRAFFICKING I respected President George W. clear weapons. I said: There are none. Subtitle A—Enhancing Services for Runaway Bush, even when I disagreed with him The senior Senator from Michigan, in and Homeless Victims of Youth Trafficking on his policies on Iraq, and we should quoting Arthur Vandenberg—he was no Sec. 201. Amendments to the Runaway and expect nothing less of the loyal minor- fan of Franklin Roosevelt, quite the Homeless Youth Act. ity when it comes to this President as opposite, but he did say, as we were Subtitle B—Improving the Response to Victims well. going into World War II, ‘‘politics must of Child Sex Trafficking I conclude by saying the Senate has stop at the water’s edge.’’ That has Sec. 211. Response to victims of child sex traf- an important role to play. But the been the view in my own State of both ficking. President’s role, speaking for the Republicans and Democrats. Subtitle C—Interagency Task Force to Monitor United States—trying to avoid a nu- Let’s stop rushing for the cameras and Combat Trafficking clear Iran, trying to avoid a military and potentially hurting the Senate, po- Sec. 221. Victim of trafficking defined. conflict, another war in the Middle tentially hurting the country. Let’s Sec. 222. Interagency task force report on child East—is something that should not be think about what is best for the coun- trafficking primary prevention. undermined for political ambition. try. Sec. 223. GAO Report on intervention. I yield the floor. I see the distinguished chairman of Sec. 224. Provision of housing permitted to pro- tect and assist in the recovery of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the Senate Judiciary Committee on the victims of trafficking. ator from Vermont. floor, so I will yield the floor so he can TITLE III—HERO ACT Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I want to speak. completely align myself with views of Sec. 301. Short title. f Sec. 302. HERO Act. the distinguished Senator from Illinois. This isn’t a case of who can score polit- CONCLUSION OF MORNING TITLE I—JUSTICE FOR VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING ical points for the evening news broad- BUSINESS cast. We are talking about potentially The PRESIDING OFFICER. Morning SEC. 101. DOMESTIC TRAFFICKING VICTIMS’ business is closed. FUND. the lives of millions of people. We are (a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 201 of title 18, talking about the possibility of a cata- f United States Code, is amended by adding at the clysmic mistake that could create JUSTICE FOR VICTIMS OF end the following: havoc long after any of us has left this TRAFFICKING ACT OF 2015 ‘‘§ 3014. Additional special assessment body. I have had the honor of rep- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Beginning on the date of resenting Vermont in the Senate begin- enactment of the Justice for Victims of Traf- ning at the time when Gerald Ford was the previous order, the Senate will pro- ficking Act of 2015 and ending on September, 30 President. ceed to the consideration of S. 178, 2019, in addition to the assessment imposed We have had Presidents I have agreed which the clerk will report. under section 3013, the court shall assess an with—in fact, with every President The legislative clerk read as follows: amount of $5,000 on any non-indigent person or there have been things I agreed with A bill (S. 178) to provide justice for the vic- entity convicted of an offense under— and with every President, Democratic tims of trafficking. ‘‘(1) chapter 77 (relating to peonage, slavery, Thereupon, the Senate proceeded to and trafficking in persons); or Republican, there have been things I ‘‘(2) chapter 109A (relating to sexual abuse); have disagreed with. But one thing I consider the bill, which had been re- ‘‘(3) chapter 110 (relating to sexual exploi- have always done when there are such ported from the Committee on the Ju- tation and other abuse of children); negotiations going on, I am willing to diciary, with an amendment to strike ‘‘(4) chapter 117 (relating to transportation for talk to the President privately, but I all after the enacting clause and insert illegal sexual activity and related crimes); or am not going to state my position, for in lieu thereof the following: ‘‘(5) section 274 of the Immigration and Na- or against, publicly. We can only have S. 178 tionality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324) (relating to human smuggling), unless the person induced, assisted, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. one person negotiating for the United abetted, or aided only an individual who at the (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as States. Can you imagine if everybody time of such action was the alien’s spouse, par- the ‘‘Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act of who wanted to rush to the cable news ent, son, or daughter (and no other individual) 2015’’. shows to get on TV were to say, well, to enter the United States in violation of law. (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of con- ‘‘(b) SATISFACTION OF OTHER COURT-ORDERED here is our negotiating position—and tents for this Act is as follows: we are going to force the President to OBLIGATIONS.—An assessment under subsection Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. (a) shall not be payable until the person subject leave the negotiating table? What do TITLE I—JUSTICE FOR VICTIMS OF you think those countries that joined to the assessment has satisfied all outstanding TRAFFICKING court-ordered fines and orders of restitution us in imposing multilateral sanctions Sec. 101. Domestic Trafficking Victims’ Fund. arising from the criminal convictions on which would do? Sec. 102. Clarifying the benefits and protections the special assessment is based. Many of those countries that joined offered to domestic victims of ‘‘(c) ESTABLISHMENT OF DOMESTIC TRAF- us are doing so at great economic cost human trafficking. FICKING VICTIMS’ FUND.—There is established in

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the Treasury of the United States a fund, to be ‘‘(F) NO REQUIREMENT OF OFFICIAL CERTIFI- this section shall be not more than the percent- known as the ‘Domestic Trafficking Victims’ CATION FOR UNITED STATES CITIZENS AND LAW- age of the total number of hours worked by the Fund’ (referred to in this section as the ‘Fund’), FUL PERMANENT RESIDENTS.—Nothing in this prosecutor that is spent working on cases in- to be administered by the Attorney General, in section may be construed to require United volving child human trafficking; consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Se- States citizens or lawful permanent residents ‘‘(D) the establishment of child human traf- curity and the Secretary of Health and Human who are victims of severe forms of trafficking to ficking victim witness safety, assistance, and re- Services. obtain an official certification from the Sec- location programs that encourage cooperation ‘‘(d) DEPOSITS.—Notwithstanding section 3302 retary of Health and Human Services in order to with law enforcement investigations of crimes of of title 31, or any other law regarding the cred- access any of the specialized services described child human trafficking by leveraging existing iting of money received for the Government, in this subsection or any other Federal benefits resources and delivering child human traf- there shall be deposited in the Fund an amount and protections to which they are otherwise en- ficking victims’ services through coordination equal to the amount of the assessments collected titled.’’; and with— under this section, which shall remain available (3) in subparagraph (H), as redesignated, by ‘‘(i) child advocacy centers; until expended. striking ‘‘subparagraph (F)’’ and inserting ‘‘(ii) social service agencies; ‘‘(e) USE OF FUNDS.— ‘‘subparagraph (G)’’. ‘‘(iii) State governmental health service agen- ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—From amounts in the Fund, SEC. 103. VICTIM-CENTERED CHILD HUMAN TRAF- cies; in addition to any other amounts available, and FICKING DETERRENCE BLOCK ‘‘(iv) housing agencies; without further appropriation, the Attorney GRANT PROGRAM. ‘‘(v) legal services agencies; and General, in coordination with the Secretary of (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 203 of the Traf- ‘‘(vi) nongovernmental organizations and Health and Human Services shall, for each of ficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act shelter service providers with substantial experi- fiscal years 2016 through 2020, use amounts of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 14044b) is amended to read as ence in delivering wrap-around services to vic- available in the Fund to award grants or en- follows: tims of child human trafficking; and hance victims’ programming under— ‘‘SEC. 203. VICTIM-CENTERED CHILD HUMAN ‘‘(E) the establishment or enhancement of ‘‘(A) sections 202, 203, and 204 of the Traf- TRAFFICKING DETERRENCE BLOCK other necessary victim assistance programs or ficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act GRANT PROGRAM. personnel, such as victim or child advocates, of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 14044a, 14044b, and 14044c); ‘‘(a) GRANTS AUTHORIZED.—The Attorney child-protective services, child forensic inter- ‘‘(B) subsections (b)(2) and (f) of section 107 of General may award block grants to an eligible views, or other necessary service providers; and the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 entity to develop, improve, or expand domestic ‘‘(3) the establishment or enhancement of (22 U.S.C. 7105); and child human trafficking deterrence programs problem solving court programs for trafficking ‘‘(C) section 214(b) of the Victims of Child that assist law enforcement officers, prosecutors, victims that include— Abuse Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 13002(b)). judicial officials, and qualified victims’ services ‘‘(A) mandatory and regular training require- ‘‘(2) GRANTS.—Of the amounts in the Fund organizations in collaborating to rescue and re- ments for judicial officials involved in the ad- used under paragraph (1), not less than store the lives of victims, while investigating ministration or operation of the court program $2,000,000, if such amounts are available in the and prosecuting offenses involving child human described under this paragraph; Fund during the relevant fiscal year, shall be trafficking. ‘‘(B) continuing judicial supervision of victims used for grants to provide services for child por- ‘‘(b) AUTHORIZED ACTIVITIES.—Grants award- of child human trafficking, including case nography victims under section 214(b) of the ed under subsection (a) may be used for— worker or child welfare supervision in collabora- Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. ‘‘(1) the establishment or enhancement of spe- tion with judicial officers, who have been identi- 13002(b)). cialized training programs for law enforcement fied by a law enforcement or judicial officer as ‘‘(3) LIMITATIONS.—Amounts in the Fund, or officers, first responders, health care officials, a potential victim of child human trafficking, otherwise transferred from the Fund, shall be child welfare officials, juvenile justice per- regardless of whether the victim has been subject to the limitations on the use or expend- sonnel, prosecutors, and judicial personnel to— charged with a crime related to human traf- ing of amounts described in sections 506 and 507 ‘‘(A) identify victims and acts of child human ficking; of division H of the Consolidated Appropriations trafficking; ‘‘(C) the development of a specialized and in- Act, 2014 (Public Law 113–76; 128 Stat. 409) to ‘‘(B) address the unique needs of child victims dividualized, court-ordered treatment program the same extent as if amounts in the Fund were of human trafficking; for identified victims of child human trafficking, funds appropriated under division H of such ‘‘(C) facilitate the rescue of child victims of including— Act. human trafficking; ‘‘(i) State-administered outpatient treatment; ‘‘(D) investigate and prosecute acts of human ‘‘(f) TRANSFERS.— ‘‘(ii) life skills training; trafficking, including the soliciting, patronizing, ‘‘(iii) housing placement; ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Effective on the day after the date of enactment of the Justice for Victims or purchasing of commercial sex acts from chil- ‘‘(iv) vocational training; ‘‘(v) education; of Trafficking Act of 2015, on September 30 of dren, as well as training to build cases against ‘‘(vi) family support services; and each fiscal year, all unobligated balances in the complex criminal networks involved in child ‘‘(vii) job placement; Fund shall be transferred to the Crime Victims human trafficking; and ‘‘(E) utilize, implement, and provide education ‘‘(D) centralized case management involving Fund established under section 1402 of the Vic- on safe harbor laws enacted by States, aimed at the consolidation of all of each child human tims of Crime Act of 1984 (42 U.S.C. 10601). preventing the criminalization and prosecution trafficking victim’s cases and offenses, and the ‘‘(2) AVAILABILITY.—Amounts transferred of child sex trafficking victims for prostitution coordination of all trafficking victim treatment under paragraph (1)— offenses, and other laws aimed at the investiga- programs and social services; ‘‘(A) shall be available for any authorized tion and prosecution of child human trafficking; ‘‘(E) regular and mandatory court appear- purpose of the Crime Victims Fund; and ‘‘(2) the establishment or enhancement of ances by the victim during the duration of the ‘‘(B) shall remain available until expended. dedicated anti-trafficking law enforcement units treatment program for purposes of ensuring ‘‘(g) COLLECTION METHOD.—The amount as- and task forces to investigate child human traf- compliance and effectiveness; sessed under subsection (a) shall, subject to sub- ficking offenses and to rescue victims, includ- ‘‘(F) the ultimate dismissal of relevant non- section (b), be collected in the manner that fines ing— violent criminal charges against the victim, are collected in criminal cases. ‘‘(A) funding salaries, in whole or in part, for where such victim successfully complies with the ‘‘(h) DURATION OF OBLIGATION.—Subject to law enforcement officers, including patrol offi- terms of the court-ordered treatment program; section 3613(b), the obligation to pay an assess- cers, detectives, and investigators, except that and ment imposed on or after the date of enactment the percentage of the salary of the law enforce- ‘‘(G) collaborative efforts with child advocacy of the Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act of ment officer paid for by funds from a grant centers, child welfare agencies, shelters, and 2015 shall not cease until the assessment is paid awarded under this section shall not be more nongovernmental organizations with substantial in full.’’. than the percentage of the officer’s time on duty experience in delivering wrap-around services to (b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMEND- that is dedicated to working on cases involving victims of child human trafficking to provide MENT.—The table of sections for chapter 201 of child human trafficking; services to victims and encourage cooperation title 18, United States Code, is amended by in- ‘‘(B) investigation expenses for cases involving with law enforcement. serting after the item relating to section 3013 the child human trafficking, including— ‘‘(c) APPLICATION.— following: ‘‘(i) wire taps; ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity shall sub- ‘‘3014. Additional special assessment.’’. ‘‘(ii) consultants with expertise specific to mit an application to the Attorney General for SEC. 102. CLARIFYING THE BENEFITS AND PRO- cases involving child human trafficking; a grant under this section in such form and TECTIONS OFFERED TO DOMESTIC ‘‘(iii) travel; and manner as the Attorney General may require. VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING. ‘‘(iv) other technical assistance expenditures; ‘‘(2) REQUIRED INFORMATION.—An application Section 107(b)(1) of the Trafficking Victims ‘‘(C) dedicated anti-trafficking prosecution submitted under this subsection shall— Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7105(b)(1)) is units, including the funding of salaries for State ‘‘(A) describe the activities for which assist- amended— and local prosecutors, including assisting in ance under this section is sought; (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (F) and paying trial expenses for prosecution of child ‘‘(B) include a detailed plan for the use of (G) as subparagraphs (G) and (H), respectively; human trafficking offenders, except that the funds awarded under the grant; (2) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the percentage of the total salary of a State or local ‘‘(C) provide such additional information and following: prosecutor that is paid using an award under assurances as the Attorney General determines

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:21 Mar 11, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 6333 E:\CR\FM\A10MR6.001 S10MRPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE March 10, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1351 to be necessary to ensure compliance with the the funds available in the Domestic Trafficking (B) by inserting after subsection (a) the fol- requirements of this section; and Victims’ Fund, established under section 3014 of lowing: ‘‘(D) disclose— title 18, United States Code, for each of fiscal ‘‘(b) DIRECT SERVICES FOR VICTIMS OF CHILD ‘‘(i) any other grant funding from the Depart- years 2016 through 2020. PORNOGRAPHY.—The Administrator, in coordi- ment of Justice or from any other Federal de- ‘‘(k) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— nation with the Director and with the Director partment or agency for purposes similar to those ‘‘(1) the term ‘child’ means a person under the of the Office of Victims of Crime, may make described in subsection (b) for which the eligible age of 18; grants to develop and implement specialized pro- entity has applied, and which application is ‘‘(2) the term ‘child advocacy center’ means a grams to identify and provide direct services to pending on the date of the submission of an ap- center created under subtitle A of the Victims of victims of child pornography.’’. plication under this section; and Child Abuse Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 13001 et seq.); SEC. 105. INCREASING COMPENSATION AND RES- ‘‘(ii) any other such grant funding that the el- ‘‘(3) the term ‘child human trafficking’ means TITUTION FOR TRAFFICKING VIC- igible entity has received during the 5-year pe- 1 or more severe forms of trafficking in persons TIMS. riod ending on the date of the submission of an (as defined in section 103 of the Trafficking Vic- (a) AMENDMENTS TO TITLE 18.—Section 1594 of application under this section. tims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102)) in- title 18, United States Code, is amended— ‘‘(3) PREFERENCE.—In reviewing applications volving a victim who is a child; and (1) in subsection (d)— submitted in accordance with paragraphs (1) ‘‘(4) the term ‘eligible entity’ means a State or (A) in paragraph (1)— and (2), the Attorney General shall give pref- unit of local government that— (i) by striking ‘‘that was used or’’ and insert- erence to grant applications if— ‘‘(A) has significant criminal activity involv- ing ‘‘that was involved in, used, or’’; and ‘‘(A) the application includes a plan to use ing child human trafficking; (ii) by inserting ‘‘, and any property traceable awarded funds to engage in all activities de- ‘‘(B) has demonstrated cooperation between to such property’’ after ‘‘such violation’’; and scribed under paragraphs (1) through (3) of sub- Federal, State, local, and, where applicable, (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘, or any section (b); or tribal law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, property traceable to such property’’ after ‘‘(B) the application includes a plan by the and social service providers in addressing child ‘‘such violation’’; State or unit of local government to continue human trafficking; (2) in subsection (e)(1)(A)— funding of all activities funded by the award ‘‘(C) has developed a workable, multi-discipli- (A) by striking ‘‘used or’’ and inserting ‘‘in- after the expiration of the award. nary plan to combat child human trafficking, volved in, used, or’’; and ‘‘(d) DURATION AND RENEWAL OF AWARD.— including— (B) by inserting ‘‘, and any property traceable ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A grant under this section ‘‘(i) the establishment of a shelter for victims to such property’’ after ‘‘any violation of this shall expire 3 years after the date of award of of child human trafficking, through existing or chapter’’; the grant. new facilities; (3) by redesignating subsection (f) as sub- ‘‘(2) RENEWAL.—A grant under this section ‘‘(ii) the provision of trauma-informed, gen- section (g); and shall be renewable not more than 2 times and for der-responsive rehabilitative care to victims of (4) by inserting after subsection (e) the fol- a period of not greater than 2 years. child human trafficking; lowing: ‘‘(e) EVALUATION.—The Attorney General ‘‘(iii) the provision of specialized training for ‘‘(f) TRANSFER OF FORFEITED ASSETS.— shall— law enforcement officers and social service pro- ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other ‘‘(1) enter into a contract with a nongovern- viders for all forms of human trafficking, with a provision of law, the Attorney General shall mental organization, including an academic or focus on domestic child human trafficking; transfer assets forfeited pursuant to this section, nonprofit organization, that has experience ‘‘(iv) prevention, deterrence, and prosecution or the proceeds derived from the sale thereof, to with issues related to child human trafficking of offenses involving child human trafficking, satisfy victim restitution orders arising from vio- and evaluation of grant programs to conduct including soliciting, patronizing, or purchasing lations of this chapter. periodic evaluations of grants made under this human acts with children; ‘‘(2) PRIORITY.—Transfers pursuant to para- section to determine the impact and effective- ‘‘(v) cooperation or referral agreements with graph (1) shall have priority over any other ness of programs funded with grants awarded organizations providing outreach or other re- claims to the assets or their proceeds. ‘‘(3) USE OF NONFORFEITED ASSETS.—Transfers under this section; lated services to runaway and homeless youth; ‘‘(2) instruct the Inspector General of the De- ‘‘(vi) law enforcement protocols or procedures pursuant to paragraph (1) shall not reduce or partment of Justice to review evaluations issued to screen all individuals arrested for prostitu- otherwise mitigate the obligation of a person under paragraph (1) to determine the methodo- tion, whether adult or child, for victimization by convicted of a violation of this chapter to satisfy logical and statistical validity of the evalua- sex trafficking and by other crimes, such as sex- the full amount of a restitution order through tions; and ual assault and domestic violence; and the use of non-forfeited assets or to reimburse ‘‘(3) submit the results of any evaluation con- ‘‘(vii) cooperation or referral agreements with the Attorney General for the value of assets or ducted pursuant to paragraph (1) to— State child welfare agencies and child advocacy proceeds transferred under this subsection ‘‘(A) the Committee on the Judiciary of the centers; and through the use of nonforfeited assets.’’. Senate; and ‘‘(D) provides an assurance that, under the (b) AMENDMENT TO TITLE 28.—Section ‘‘(B) the Committee on the Judiciary of the plan under subparagraph (C), a victim of child 524(c)(1)(B) of title 28, United States Code, is House of Representatives. human trafficking shall not be required to col- amended by inserting ‘‘chapter 77 of title 18,’’ ‘‘(f) MANDATORY EXCLUSION.—An eligible en- laborate with law enforcement officers to have after ‘‘criminal drug laws of the United States tity awarded funds under this section that is access to any shelter or services provided with a or of’’. found to have used grant funds for any unau- grant under this section. (c) AMENDMENTS TO TITLE 31.— thorized expenditure or otherwise unallowable ‘‘(l) GRANT ACCOUNTABILITY; SPECIALIZED (1) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 97 of title 31, United cost shall not be eligible for any grant funds VICTIMS’ SERVICE REQUIREMENT.—No grant States Code, is amended— (A) by redesignating section 9703 (as added by awarded under the block grant for 2 fiscal years funds under this section may be awarded or section 638(b)(1) of the Treasury, Postal Service, following the year in which the unauthorized transferred to any entity unless such entity has and General Government Appropriations Act, expenditure or unallowable cost is reported. demonstrated substantial experience providing 1993 (Public Law 102–393; 106 Stat. 1779)) as sec- ‘‘(g) COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENT.—An eligible services to victims of human trafficking or re- tion 9705; and entity shall not be eligible to receive a grant lated populations (such as runaway and home- (B) in section 9705(a), as redesignated— under this section if within the 5 fiscal years be- less youth), or employs staff specialized in the (i) in paragraph (1)— fore submitting an application for a grant under treatment of human trafficking victims.’’. (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of con- (I) in subparagraph (I)— this section, the grantee has been found to have (aa) by striking ‘‘payment’’ and inserting violated the terms or conditions of a Government tents in section 1(b) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005 (22 ‘‘Payment’’; and grant program by utilizing grant funds for un- (bb) by striking the semicolon at the end and authorized expenditures or otherwise unallow- U.S.C. 7101 note) is amended by striking the item relating to section 203 and inserting the fol- inserting a period; and able costs. (II) in subparagraph (J), by striking ‘‘pay- lowing: ‘‘(h) ADMINISTRATIVE CAP.—The cost of ad- ment’’ and inserting ‘‘Payment’’; and ministering the grants authorized by this section ‘‘Sec. 203. Victim-centered child human traf- (ii) in paragraph (2)— shall not exceed 5 percent of the total amount ficking deterrence block grant (I) in subparagraph (B)— expended to carry out this section. program.’’. (aa) in clause (iii)— ‘‘(i) FEDERAL SHARE.—The Federal share of SEC. 104. DIRECT SERVICES FOR VICTIMS OF (AA) in subclause (I), by striking ‘‘or’’ and in- the cost of a program funded by a grant award- CHILD PORNOGRAPHY. serting ‘‘of’’; and ed under this section shall be— The Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990 (42 (BB) in subclause (III), by striking ‘‘and’’ at ‘‘(1) 70 percent in the first year; U.S.C. 13001 et seq.) is amended— the end; ‘‘(2) 60 percent in the second year; and (1) in section 212(5) (42 U.S.C. 13001a(5)), by (bb) in clause (iv), by striking the period at ‘‘(3) 50 percent in the third year, and in all inserting ‘‘, including human trafficking and the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and subsequent years. the production of child pornography’’ before the (cc) by inserting after clause (iv) the fol- ‘‘(j) AUTHORIZATION OF FUNDING; FULLY OFF- semicolon at the end; and lowing: SET.—For purposes of carrying out this section, (2) in section 214 (42 U.S.C. 13002)— ‘‘(v) United States Immigration and Customs the Attorney General, in consultation with the (A) by redesignating subsections (b), (c), and Enforcement with respect to a violation of chap- Secretary of Health and Human Services, is au- (d) as subsections (c), (d), and (e), respectively; ter 77 of title 18 (relating to human traf- thorized to award not more than $7,000,000 of and ficking);’’;

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:21 Mar 11, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 6333 E:\CR\FM\A10MR6.001 S10MRPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S1352 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 10, 2015 (II) in subparagraph (G), by adding ‘‘and’’ at (1) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ‘‘or main- ‘‘(1) a’’; the end; and tains’’ and inserting ‘‘maintains, patronizes, or (2) by striking ‘‘United States; or (2) any’’ and (III) in subparagraph (H), by striking ‘‘; and’’ solicits’’; inserting the following: ‘‘United States; and inserting a period. (2) in subsection (b)— ‘‘(2) any’’; and (2) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMEND- (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘or ob- (3) by striking the period at the end and in- MENTS.— tained’’ and inserting ‘‘obtained, patronized, or serting the following: ‘‘; or (A) CROSS REFERENCES.— solicited’’; and ‘‘(3) production of child pornography (as de- (i) TITLE 28.—Section 524(c) of title 28, United (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘or ob- fined in section 2256(8)).’’. States Code, is amended— tained’’ and inserting ‘‘obtained, patronized, or (b) HOLDING SEX TRAFFICKERS ACCOUNT- (I) in paragraph (4)(C), by striking ‘‘section solicited’’; and ABLE.—Section 2423(g) of title 18, United States 9703(g)(4)(A)(ii)’’ and inserting ‘‘section (3) in subsection (c)— Code, is amended by striking ‘‘a preponderance 9705(g)(4)(A)’’; (A) by striking ‘‘or maintained’’ and inserting of the evidence’’ and inserting ‘‘clear and con- (II) in paragraph (10), by striking ‘‘section ‘‘, maintained, patronized, or solicited’’; and vincing evidence’’. 9703(p)’’ and inserting ‘‘section 9705(o)’’; and (B) by striking ‘‘knew that the person’’ and SEC. 112. MONITORING ALL HUMAN TRAFFICKERS (III) in paragraph (11), by striking ‘‘section inserting ‘‘knew, or recklessly disregarded the AS VIOLENT CRIMINALS. 9703’’ and inserting ‘‘section 9705’’. fact, that the person’’. Section 3156(a)(4)(C) of title 18, United States (ii) TITLE 31.—Title 31, United States Code, is (b) DEFINITION AMENDED.—Section 103(10) of Code, is amended by inserting ‘‘77,’’ after amended— the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 ‘‘chapter’’. (I) in section 312(d), by striking ‘‘section 9703’’ (22 U.S.C. 7102(10)) is amended by striking ‘‘or SEC. 113. CRIME VICTIMS’ RIGHTS. and inserting ‘‘section 9705’’; and obtaining’’ and inserting ‘‘obtaining, patron- (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 3771 of title 18, (II) in section 5340(1), by striking ‘‘section izing, or soliciting’’. United States Code, is amended— 9703(p)(1)’’ and inserting ‘‘section 9705(o)’’. (c) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the amendments (1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the (iii) TITLE 39.—Section 2003(e)(1) of title 39, made by this section is to clarify the range of following: United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘sec- conduct punished as sex trafficking. ‘‘(9) The right to be informed in a timely man- tion 9703(p)’’ and inserting ‘‘section 9705(o)’’. SEC. 109. SENSE OF CONGRESS. ner of any plea bargain or deferred prosecution (B) TABLE OF SECTIONS.—The table of sections It is the sense of Congress that— agreement. for chapter 97 of title 31, United States Code, is (1) section 1591 of title 18, United States Code, ‘‘(10) The right to be informed of the rights amended to read as follows: defines a sex trafficker as a person who ‘‘know- under this section and the services described in ‘‘9701. Fees and charges for Government services ingly. . .recruits, entices, harbors, transports, section 503(c) of the Victims’ Rights and Restitu- and things of value. provides, obtains, or maintains by any means a tion Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 10607(c)) and pro- ‘‘9702. Investment of trust funds. person. . .knowing, or in reckless disregard of vided contact information for the Office of the ‘‘9703. Managerial accountability and flexi- the fact, that means of force, threats of force, Victims’ Rights Ombudsman of the Department bility. fraud, coercion. . .or any combination of such of Justice.’’; ‘‘9704. Pilot projects for managerial account- means will be used to cause the person to engage (2) in subsection (d)(3), in the fifth sentence, ability and flexibility. in a commercial sex act, or that the person has by inserting ‘‘, unless the litigants, with the ap- ‘‘9705. Department of the Treasury Forfeiture not attained the age of 18 years and will be proval of the court, have stipulated to a dif- Fund.’’. caused to engage in a commercial sex act’’; ferent time period for consideration’’ before the SEC. 106. STREAMLINING HUMAN TRAFFICKING (2) while use of the word ‘‘obtains’’ in section period; and INVESTIGATIONS. 1591, United States Code, has been interpreted, (3) in subsection (e)— Section 2516 of title 18, United States Code, is prior to the date of enactment of this Act, to en- (A) by striking ‘‘this chapter, the term’’ and amended— compass those who purchase illicit sexual acts inserting the following: ‘‘this chapter: (1) in paragraph (1)— from trafficking victims, some confusion persists; ‘‘(1) COURT OF APPEALS.—The term ‘court of (A) in subparagraph (a), by inserting a comma (3) in United States vs. Jungers, 702 F.3d 1066 appeals’ means— after ‘‘weapons)’’; (8th Cir. 2013), the United States Court of Ap- ‘‘(A) the United States court of appeals for the (B) in subparagraph (c)— peals for the Eighth Circuit ruled that section judicial district in which a defendant is being (i) by inserting ‘‘section 1581 (peonage), sec- 1591 of title 18, United States Code, applied to prosecuted; or tion 1584 (involuntary servitude), section 1589 persons who purchase illicit sexual acts with ‘‘(B) for a prosecution in the Superior Court (forced labor), section 1590 (trafficking with re- trafficking victims after the United States Dis- of the District of Columbia, the District of Co- spect to peonage, slavery, involuntary servitude, trict Court for the District of South Dakota er- lumbia Court of Appeals. or forced labor),’’ before ‘‘section 1591’’; roneously granted motions to acquit these buy- ‘‘(2) CRIME VICTIM.— (ii) by inserting ‘‘section 1592 (unlawful con- ers in two separate cases; and ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term’’; duct with respect to documents in furtherance (4) section 108 of this title amends section 1591 (B) by striking ‘‘In the case’’ and inserting of trafficking, peonage, slavery, involuntary of title 18, United States Code, to add the words the following: servitude, or forced labor),’’ before ‘‘section ‘‘solicits or patronizes’’ to the sex trafficking ‘‘(B) MINORS AND CERTAIN OTHER VICTIMS.—In 1751’’; statute making absolutely clear for judges, ju- the case’’; and (iii) by inserting a comma after ‘‘virus)’’; ries, prosecutors, and law enforcement officials (C) by adding at the end the following: (iv) by striking ‘‘,, section’’ and inserting a that criminals who purchase sexual acts from ‘‘(3) DISTRICT COURT; COURT.—The terms ‘dis- comma; human trafficking victims may be arrested, pros- trict court’ and ‘court’ include the Superior (v) by striking ‘‘or’’ after ‘‘misuse of pass- ecuted, and convicted as sex trafficking offend- Court of the District of Columbia.’’. ports),’’; and ers when this is merited by the facts of a par- (b) CRIME VICTIMS FUND.—Section (vi) by inserting ‘‘or’’ before ‘‘section 555’’; ticular case. 1402(d)(3)(A)(i) of the Victims of Crime Act of (C) in subparagraph (j), by striking ‘‘pipe- SEC. 110. USING EXISTING TASK FORCES AND 1984 (42 U.S.C. 10601(d)(3)(A)(i)) is amended by line,)’’ and inserting ‘‘pipeline),’’; and COMPONENTS TO TARGET OFFEND- inserting ‘‘section’’ before ‘‘3771’’. (D) in subparagraph (p), by striking ‘‘docu- ERS WHO EXPLOIT CHILDREN. (c) APPELLATE REVIEW OF PETITIONS RELAT- ments, section 1028A (relating to aggravated Not later than 180 days after the date of en- ING TO CRIME VICTIMS’ RIGHTS.— identity theft))’’ and inserting ‘‘documents), sec- actment of this Act, the Attorney General shall (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 3771(d)(3) of title 18, tion 1028A (relating to aggravated identity ensure that— United States Code, as amended by subsection theft)’’; and (1) all task forces and working groups within (a)(2) of this section, is amended by inserting (2) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘human the Innocence Lost National Initiative engage in after the fifth sentence the following: ‘‘In decid- trafficking, child sexual exploitation, child por- activities, programs, or operations to increase ing such application, the court of appeals shall nography production,’’ after ‘‘kidnapping’’. the investigative capabilities of State and local apply ordinary standards of appellate review.’’. SEC. 107. ENHANCING HUMAN TRAFFICKING RE- law enforcement officers in the detection, inves- (2) APPLICATION.—The amendment made by PORTING. tigation, and prosecution of persons who pa- paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to any Section 505 of title I of the Omnibus Crime tronize, or solicit children for sex; and petition for a writ of mandamus filed under sec- Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. (2) all components and task forces with juris- tion 3771(d)(3) of title 18, United States Code, 3755) is amended by adding at the end the fol- diction to detect, investigate, and prosecute that is pending on the date of enactment of this lowing: cases of child labor trafficking engage in activi- Act. ‘‘(i) PART 1 VIOLENT CRIMES TO INCLUDE ties, programs, or operations to increase the ca- SEC. 114. COMBAT HUMAN TRAFFICKING ACT. HUMAN TRAFFICKING.—For purposes of this sec- pacity of such components to deter and punish (a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited tion, the term ‘part 1 violent crimes’ shall in- child labor trafficking. as the ‘‘Combat Human Trafficking Act of clude severe forms of trafficking in persons (as SEC. 111. TARGETING CHILD PREDATORS. 2015’’. defined in section 103 of the Trafficking Victims (a) CLARIFYING THAT CHILD PORNOGRAPHY (b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102)).’’. PRODUCERS ARE HUMAN TRAFFICKERS.—Section (1) COMMERCIAL SEX ACT; SEVERE FORMS OF SEC. 108. REDUCING DEMAND FOR SEX TRAF- 2423(f) of title 18, United States Code, is amend- TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS; STATE; TASK FORCE.— FICKING. ed— The terms ‘‘commercial sex act’’, ‘‘severe forms (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1591 of title 18, (1) by striking ‘‘means (1) a’’ and inserting of trafficking in persons’’, ‘‘State’’, and ‘‘Task United States Code, is amended— the following: ‘‘means— Force’’ have the meanings given those terms in

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:21 Mar 11, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 6333 E:\CR\FM\A10MR6.001 S10MRPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE March 10, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1353 section 103 of the Trafficking Victims Protection (B) sentences imposed on individuals con- (4) the Committees on Foreign Relations, Ap- Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102). victed in State court systems for a covered of- propriations, Homeland Security and Govern- (2) COVERED OFFENDER.—The term ‘‘covered fense; and mental Affairs, and the Judiciary of the Senate. offender’’ means an individual who obtains, pa- (2) submit the annual report prepared under (f) EMPLOYEE STATUS.—Members of the Coun- tronizes, or solicits a commercial sex act involv- paragraph (1) to— cil— ing a person subject to severe forms of traf- (A) the Committee on the Judiciary of the (1) shall not be considered employees of the ficking in persons. House of Representatives; Federal Government for any purpose; and (3) COVERED OFFENSE.—The term ‘‘covered of- (B) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Sen- (2) shall not receive compensation other than fense’’ means the provision, obtaining, patron- ate; reimbursement of travel expenses and per diem izing, or soliciting of a commercial sex act in- (C) the Task Force; allowance in accordance with section 5703 of volving a person subject to severe forms of traf- (D) the Senior Policy Operating Group estab- title 5, United States Code. ficking in persons. lished under section 105(g) of the Trafficking (g) NONAPPLICABILITY OF FACA.—The Coun- (4) FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER.— Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. cil shall not be subject to the requirements under The term ‘‘Federal law enforcement officer’’ has 7103(g)); and the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. the meaning given the term in section 115 of title (E) the Attorney General. App.). 18, United States Code. SEC. 115. SURVIVORS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING (h) SUNSET.—The Council shall terminate on (5) LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER.—The EMPOWERMENT ACT. September 30, 2020. (a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited term ‘‘local law enforcement officer’’ means any SEC. 116. BRINGING MISSING CHILDREN HOME officer, agent, or employee of a unit of local gov- as the ‘‘Survivors of Human Trafficking Em- ACT. ernment authorized by law or by a local govern- powerment Act’’. (a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited ment agency to engage in or supervise the pre- (b) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established the as the ‘‘Bringing Missing Children Home Act’’. vention, detection, investigation, or prosecution United States Advisory Council on Human Traf- (b) CRIME CONTROL ACT AMENDMENTS.—Sec- of any violation of criminal law. ficking (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Coun- tion 3702 of the Crime Control Act of 1990 (42 (6) STATE LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER.—The cil’’), which shall provide advice and rec- U.S.C. 5780) is amended— term ‘‘State law enforcement officer’’ means any ommendations to the Senior Policy Operating (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the officer, agent, or employee of a State authorized Group established under section 105(g) of the end; by law or by a State government agency to en- Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 (2) in paragraph (3)— gage in or supervise the prevention, detection, U.S.C. 7103(g)) (referred to in this section as the (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and investigation, or prosecution of any violation of ‘‘Group’’) and the President’s Interagency Task (C) as subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively; criminal law. Force to Monitor and Combat Trafficking estab- and (c) DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TRAINING AND lished under section 105(a) of such Act (referred (B) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the POLICY FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS, to in this section as the ‘‘Task Force’’). following: PROSECUTORS, AND JUDGES.— (c) MEMBERSHIP.— ‘‘(B) a recent photograph of the child, if (1) TRAINING.— (1) COMPOSITION.—The Council shall be com- available;’’; and (A) LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS.—The Attor- posed of not less than 8 and not more than 14 (3) in paragraph (4)— ney General shall ensure that each anti-human individuals who are survivors of human traf- (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), trafficking program operated by the Department ficking. by striking ‘‘paragraph (2)’’ and inserting of Justice, including each anti-human traf- (2) REPRESENTATION OF SURVIVORS.—To the ‘‘paragraph (3)’’; ficking training program for Federal, State, or extent practicable, members of the Council shall (B) in subparagraph (A)— local law enforcement officers, includes tech- be survivors of trafficking, who shall accurately (i) by striking ‘‘60 days’’ and inserting ‘‘30 nical training on— reflect the diverse backgrounds of survivors of days’’; and (i) effective methods for investigating and trafficking, including— (ii) by inserting ‘‘and a photograph taken prosecuting covered offenders; and (A) survivors of sex trafficking and survivors during the previous 180 days’’ after ‘‘dental (ii) facilitating the provision of physical and of labor trafficking; and records’’; mental health services by health care providers (B) survivors who are United States citizens (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘and’’ at to persons subject to severe forms of trafficking and survivors who are aliens lawfully present in the end; in persons. the United States. (D) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as sub- (B) FEDERAL PROSECUTORS.—The Attorney (3) APPOINTMENT.—Not later than 180 days paragraph (D); General shall ensure that each anti-human traf- after the date of enactment of this Act, the (E) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the ficking program operated by the Department of President shall appoint the members of the following: Justice for United States attorneys or other Fed- Council. ‘‘(C) notify the National Center for Missing eral prosecutors includes training on seeking (4) TERM; REAPPOINTMENT.—Each member of and Exploited Children of each report received restitution for offenses under chapter 77 of title the Council shall serve for a term of 2 years and relating to a child reported missing from a foster 18, United States Code, to ensure that each may be reappointed by the President to serve 1 care family home or childcare institution;’’; United States attorney or other Federal pros- additional 2-year term. (F) in subparagraph (D), as redesignated— ecutor, upon obtaining a conviction for such an (d) FUNCTIONS.—The Council shall— (i) by inserting ‘‘State and local child welfare (1) be a nongovernmental advisory body to the offense, requests a specific amount of restitution systems and’’ before ‘‘the National Center for Group; for each victim of the offense without regard to Missing and Exploited Children’’; and (2) meet, at its own discretion or at the request whether the victim requests restitution. (ii) by striking the period at the end and in- of the Group, not less frequently than annually (C) JUDGES.—The Federal Judicial Center serting ‘‘; and’’; and to review Federal Government policy and pro- shall provide training to judges relating to the (G) by adding at the end the following: application of section 1593 of title 18, United grams intended to combat human trafficking, ‘‘(E) grant permission to the National Crime States Code, with respect to ordering restitution including programs relating to the provision of Information Center Terminal Contractor for the for victims of offenses under chapter 77 of such services for victims and serve as a point of con- State to update the missing person record in the title. tact for Federal agencies reaching out to human National Crime Information Center computer (2) POLICY FOR FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT trafficking survivors for input on programming networks with additional information learned OFFICERS.—The Attorney General shall ensure and policies relating to human trafficking in the during the investigation relating to the missing that Federal law enforcement officers are en- United States; person.’’. gaged in activities, programs, or operations in- (3) formulate assessments and recommenda- SEC. 117. GRANT ACCOUNTABILITY. volving the detection, investigation, and pros- tions to ensure that policy and programming ef- (a) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ecution of covered offenders. forts of the Federal Government conform, to the ‘‘covered grant’’ means a grant awarded by the (d) MINIMUM PERIOD OF SUPERVISED RELEASE extent practicable, to the best practices in the Attorney General under section 203 of the Traf- FOR CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT COMMERCIAL field of human trafficking prevention; and ficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act CHILD SEX TRAFFICKING.—Section 3583(k) of (4) meet with the Group not less frequently of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 14044b), as amended by section title 18, United States Code, is amended by in- than annually, and not later than 45 days be- 103. serting ‘‘1594(c),’’ after ‘‘1591,’’. fore a meeting with the Task Force, to formally (b) ACCOUNTABILITY.—All covered grants shall (e) BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS REPORT ON present the findings and recommendations of be subject to the following accountability provi- STATE ENFORCEMENT OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING the Council. sions: PROHIBITIONS.—The Director of the Bureau of (e) REPORTS.—Not later than 1 year after the Justice Statistics shall— date of enactment of this Act and each year (1) AUDIT REQUIREMENT.— (1) prepare an annual report on— thereafter until the date described in subsection (A) IN GENERAL.—Beginning in the first fiscal (A) the rates of— (h), the Council shall submit a report that con- year beginning after the date of enactment of (i) arrest of individuals by State law enforce- tains the findings derived from the reviews con- this Act, and in each fiscal year thereafter, the ment officers for a covered offense; ducted pursuant to subsection (d)(2) to— Inspector General of the Department of Justice (ii) prosecution (including specific charges) of (1) the chair of the Task Force; shall conduct audits of recipients of a covered individuals in State court systems for a covered (2) the members of the Group; grant to prevent waste, fraud, and abuse of offense; and (3) the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Home- funds by grantees. The Inspector General shall (iii) conviction of individuals in State court land Security, Appropriations, and the Judici- determine the appropriate number of grantees to systems for a covered offense; and ary of the House of Representatives; and be audited each year.

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(B) DEFINITION.—In this paragraph, the term actment of this title, the Attorney General shall SEC. 222. INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE REPORT ON ‘‘unresolved audit finding’’ means a finding in submit, to the Committee on the Judiciary and CHILD TRAFFICKING PRIMARY PRE- the final audit report of the Inspector General the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate VENTION. that the audited grantee has utilized grant and the Committee on the Judiciary and the (a) REVIEW.—The Interagency Task Force to funds for an unauthorized expenditure or other- Committee on Appropriations of the House of Monitor and Combat Trafficking, established wise unallowable cost that is not closed or re- Representatives, an annual certification that— under section 105 of the Trafficking Victims Pro- solved within 12 months from the date when the (i) all audits issued by the Office of the In- tection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7103), shall con- final audit report is issued. spector General under paragraph (1) have been duct a review that, with regard to trafficking in (C) MANDATORY EXCLUSION.—A recipient of a completed and reviewed by the appropriate As- persons in the United States— covered grant that is found to have an unre- sistant Attorney General or Director; (1) in consultation with nongovernmental or- solved audit finding shall not be eligible to re- (ii) all mandatory exclusions required under ganizations that the Task Force determines ap- ceive a covered grant during the following 2 fis- paragraph (1)(C) have been issued; propriate, surveys and catalogs the activities of cal years. (iii) all reimbursements required under para- the Federal Government and State govern- (D) PRIORITY.—In awarding covered grants graph (1)(E) have been made; and ments— the Attorney General shall give priority to eligi- (iv) includes a list of any grant recipients ex- (A) to deter individuals from committing traf- ble entities that did not have an unresolved cluded under paragraph (1) from the previous ficking offenses; and audit finding during the 3 fiscal years prior to year. (B) to prevent children from becoming victims submitting an application for a covered grant. (4) PROHIBITION ON LOBBYING ACTIVITY.— of trafficking; (E) REIMBURSEMENT.—If an entity is awarded (A) IN GENERAL.—Amounts awarded under (2) surveys academic literature on— a covered grant during the 2-fiscal-year period this title, or any amendments made by this title, (A) deterring individuals from committing in which the entity is barred from receiving may not be utilized by any grant recipient to— trafficking offenses; grants under subparagraph (C), the Attorney (i) lobby any representative of the Department (B) preventing children from becoming victims General shall— of Justice regarding the award of grant funding; of trafficking; (i) deposit an amount equal to the grant funds or (C) the commercial sexual exploitation of chil- that were improperly awarded to the grantee (ii) lobby any representative of a Federal, dren; and into the General Fund of the Treasury; and State, local, or tribal government regarding the (D) other similar topics that the Task Force (ii) seek to recoup the costs of the repayment award of grant funding. determines to be appropriate; to the fund from the grant recipient that was er- (B) PENALTY.—If the Attorney General deter- (3) identifies best practices and effective strat- roneously awarded grant funds. mines that any recipient of a covered grant has egies— (2) NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION REQUIRE- violated subparagraph (A), the Attorney Gen- (A) to deter individuals from committing traf- MENTS.— eral shall— ficking offenses; and (A) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this para- (i) require the grant recipient to repay the (B) to prevent children from becoming victims graph and covered grants, the term ‘‘nonprofit grant in full; and of trafficking; and organization’’ means an organization that is de- (ii) prohibit the grant recipient from receiving (4) identifies current gaps in research and scribed in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Rev- another covered grant for not less than 5 years. data that would be helpful in formulating effec- enue Code of 1986 and is exempt from taxation tive strategies— TITLE II—COMBATING HUMAN under section 501(a) of such Code. (A) to deter individuals from committing traf- TRAFFICKING (B) PROHIBITION.—The Attorney General may ficking offenses; and not award a covered grant to a nonprofit orga- Subtitle A—Enhancing Services for Runaway (B) to prevent children from becoming victims nization that holds money in offshore accounts and Homeless Victims of Youth Trafficking of trafficking. for the purpose of avoiding paying the tax de- SEC. 201. AMENDMENTS TO THE RUNAWAY AND (b) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the scribed in section 511(a) of the Internal Revenue HOMELESS YOUTH ACT. date of the enactment of this Act, the Inter- Code of 1986. The Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (42 agency Task Force to Monitor and Combat (C) DISCLOSURE.—Each nonprofit organiza- U.S.C. 5701 et seq.) is amended— Trafficking shall provide to Congress, and make tion that is awarded a covered grant and uses (1) in section 343(b)(5) (42 U.S.C. 5714– publicly available in electronic format, a report the procedures prescribed in regulations to cre- 23(b)(5))— on the review conducted pursuant to subpara- ate a rebuttable presumption of reasonableness (A) in subparagraph (A) by inserting ‘‘, severe graph (a). for the compensation of its officers, directors, forms of trafficking in persons (as defined in SEC. 223. GAO REPORT ON INTERVENTION. trustees and key employees, shall disclose to the section 103(9) of the Trafficking Victims Protec- On the date that is 1 year after the date of the Attorney General, in the application for the tion Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102(9))), and sex enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General grant, the process for determining such com- trafficking (as defined in section 103(10) of such of the United States shall submit a report to pensation, including the independent persons Act (22 U.S.C. 7102(10)))’’ before the semicolon Congress that includes information on— involved in reviewing and approving such com- at the end; (1) the efforts of Federal and select State law pensation, the comparability data used, and (B) in subparagraph (B) by inserting ‘‘, severe enforcement agencies to combat human traf- contemporaneous substantiation of the delibera- forms of trafficking in persons (as defined in ficking in the United States; and tion and decision. Upon request, the Attorney section 103(9) of the Trafficking Victims Protec- (2) each Federal grant program, a purpose of General shall make the information disclosed tion Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102(9))), or sex traf- which is to combat human trafficking or assist under this subsection available for public in- ficking (as defined in section 103(10) of such Act victims of trafficking, as specified in an author- spection. (22 U.S.C. 7102(10)))’’ after ‘‘assault’’; and izing statute or in a guidance document issued (3) CONFERENCE EXPENDITURES.— (C) in subparagraph (C) by inserting ‘‘, in- by the agency carrying out the grant program. (A) LIMITATION.—No amounts transferred to cluding such youth who are victims of traf- SEC. 224. PROVISION OF HOUSING PERMITTED TO the Department of Justice under this title, or the ficking (as defined in section 103(15) of the Traf- PROTECT AND ASSIST IN THE RE- amendments made by this title, may be used by ficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. COVERY OF VICTIMS OF TRAF- the Attorney General, or by any individual or 7102(15)))’’ before the semicolon at the end; and FICKING. organization awarded discretionary funds (2) in section 351(a) (42 U.S.C. 5714–41(a)) by Section 107(b)(2)(A) of the Trafficking Victims through a cooperative agreement under this striking ‘‘or sexual exploitation’’ and inserting Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7105(b)(2)(A)) is title, or the amendments made by this title, to ‘‘sexual exploitation, severe forms of trafficking amended by inserting ‘‘, including programs host or support any expenditure for conferences in persons (as defined in section 103(9) of the that provide housing to victims of trafficking’’ that uses more than $20,000 in Department Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 before the period at the end. U.S.C. 7102(9))), or sex trafficking (as defined in funds, unless the Deputy Attorney General or TITLE III—HERO ACT such Assistant Attorney Generals, Directors, or section 103(10) of such Act (22 U.S.C. principal deputies as the Deputy Attorney Gen- 7102(10)))’’. SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE. This title may be cited as the ‘‘Human Exploi- eral may designate, provides prior written au- Subtitle B—Improving the Response to tation Rescue Operations Act of 2015’’ or the thorization that the funds may be expended to Victims of Child Sex Trafficking ‘‘HERO Act of 2015’’. host a conference. SEC. 211. RESPONSE TO VICTIMS OF CHILD SEX SEC. 302. HERO ACT. (B) WRITTEN APPROVAL.—Written approval TRAFFICKING. (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: under subparagraph (A) shall include a written Section 404(b)(1)(P)(iii) of the Missing Chil- (1) The illegal market for the production and estimate of all costs associated with the con- dren’s Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. distribution of child abuse imagery is a growing ference, including the cost of all food and bev- 5773(b)(1)(P)(iii)) is amended by striking ‘‘child threat to children in the United States. Inter- erages, audiovisual equipment, honoraria for prostitution’’ and inserting ‘‘child sex traf- national demand for this material creates a speakers, and any entertainment. ficking, including child prostitution’’. (C) REPORT.—The Deputy Attorney General powerful incentive for the rape, abuse, and tor- shall submit an annual report to the Committee Subtitle C—Interagency Task Force to ture of children within the United States. on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Com- Monitor and Combat Trafficking (2) The targeting of United States children by mittee on the Judiciary of the House of Rep- SEC. 221. VICTIM OF TRAFFICKING DEFINED. international criminal networks is a threat to resentatives on all approved conference expendi- In this subtitle, the term ‘‘victim of traf- the homeland security of the United States. This tures referenced in this paragraph. ficking’’ has the meaning given such term in threat must be fought with trained personnel (D) ANNUAL CERTIFICATION.—Beginning in the section 103 of the Trafficking Victims Protection and highly specialized counter-child-exploi- first fiscal year beginning after the date of en- Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102). tation strategies and technologies.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:21 Mar 11, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 6333 E:\CR\FM\A10MR6.001 S10MRPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE March 10, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1355 (3) The United States Immigration and Cus- wounded, ill, and injured veterans and ‘‘(B) shall provide computer hardware, soft- toms Enforcement of the Department of Home- transitioning service members, through the ware, and forensic licenses for all computer land Security serves a critical national security Human Exploitation Rescue Operative (HERO) forensics personnel within United States Immi- role in protecting the United States from the Child Rescue Corps program; and gration and Customs Enforcement; growing international threat of child exploi- ‘‘(F) shall collaborate with other govern- ‘‘(C) shall participate in research and devel- tation and human trafficking. mental, nongovernmental, and nonprofit entities opment in the area of digital forensics, in co- (4) The Cyber Crimes Center of the United approved by the Secretary for the sponsorship ordination with appropriate components of the States Immigration and Customs Enforcement is of, and participation in, outreach and training Department; and a vital national resource in the effort to combat activities. ‘‘(D) is authorized to collaborate with the De- international child exploitation, providing ad- ‘‘(3) DATA COLLECTION.—The CEIU shall col- partment of Defense and the National Associa- vanced expertise and assistance in investiga- lect and maintain data concerning— tion to Protect Children for the purpose of re- tions, computer forensics, and victim identifica- ‘‘(A) the total number of suspects identified by cruiting, training, equipping, and hiring tion. United States Immigration and Customs En- wounded, ill, and injured veterans and (5) The returning military heroes of the forcement; transitioning service members, through the United States possess unique and valuable skills ‘‘(B) the number of arrests by United States Human Exploitation Rescue Operative (HERO) that can assist law enforcement in combating Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Child Rescue Corps program. global sexual and child exploitation, and the disaggregated by type, including— ‘‘(3) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.—The CFU is Department of Homeland Security should use ‘‘(i) the number of victims identified through authorized to enter into cooperative agreements this national resource to the maximum extent investigations carried out by United States Im- to accomplish the functions set forth in para- possible. migration and Customs Enforcement; and graph (2). ‘‘(ii) the number of suspects arrested who were (6) Through the Human Exploitation Rescue ‘‘(4) ACCEPTANCE OF GIFTS.— in positions of trust or authority over children; Operative (HERO) Child Rescue Corps program, ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary is author- ‘‘(C) the number of cases opened for investiga- the returning military heroes of the United ized to accept monies and in-kind donations tion by United States Immigration and Customs States are trained and hired to investigate from the Virtual Global Task Force, national crimes of child exploitation in order to target Enforcement; and ‘‘(D) the number of cases resulting in a Fed- laboratories, Federal agencies, not-for-profit or- predators and rescue children from sexual abuse ganizations, and educational institutions to cre- and slavery. eral, State, foreign, or military prosecution. ‘‘(4) AVAILABILITY OF DATA TO CONGRESS.—In ate and expand public awareness campaigns in (b) CYBER CRIMES CENTER, CHILD EXPLOI- addition to submitting the reports required support of the functions of the CFU. TATION INVESTIGATIONS UNIT, AND COMPUTER under paragraph (7), the CEIU shall make the ‘‘(B) EXEMPTION FROM FEDERAL ACQUISITION FORENSICS UNIT.— data collected and maintained under paragraph REGULATION.—Gifts authorized under subpara- (1) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle H of title VIII of the (3) available to the committees of Congress de- graph (A) shall not be subject to the Federal Ac- Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 451 et quisition Regulation for competition when the seq.) is amended by adding at the end the fol- scribed in paragraph (7). ‘‘(5) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.—The CEIU is services provided by the entities referred to in lowing: authorized to enter into cooperative agreements such subparagraph are donated or of minimal ‘‘SEC. 890A. CYBER CRIMES CENTER, CHILD EX- to accomplish the functions set forth in para- cost to the Department. PLOITATION INVESTIGATIONS UNIT, graphs (2) and (3). ‘‘(d) CYBER CRIMES UNIT.— COMPUTER FORENSICS UNIT, AND ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall oper- CYBER CRIMES UNIT. ‘‘(6) ACCEPTANCE OF GIFTS.— ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary is author- ate, within the Center, a Cyber Crimes Unit (re- ‘‘(a) CYBER CRIMES CENTER.— ized to accept monies and in-kind donations ferred to in this subsection as the ‘CCU’). ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall oper- ‘‘(2) FUNCTIONS.—The CCU— ate, within United States Immigration and Cus- from the Virtual Global Taskforce, national lab- ‘‘(A) shall oversee the cyber security strategy toms Enforcement, a Cyber Crimes Center (re- oratories, Federal agencies, not-for-profit orga- and cyber-related operations and programs for ferred to in this section as the ‘Center’). nizations, and educational institutions to create and expand public awareness campaigns in sup- United States Immigration and Customs En- ‘‘(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Center forcement; shall be to provide investigative assistance, port of the functions of the CEIU. ‘‘(B) EXEMPTION FROM FEDERAL ACQUISITION ‘‘(B) shall enhance United States Immigration training, and equipment to support United REGULATION.—Gifts authorized under subpara- and Customs Enforcement’s ability to combat States Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s graph (A) shall not be subject to the Federal Ac- criminal enterprises operating on or through the domestic and international investigations of quisition Regulation for competition when the Internet, with specific focus in the areas of— cyber-related crimes. services provided by the entities referred to in ‘‘(i) cyber economic crime; ‘‘(b) CHILD EXPLOITATION INVESTIGATIONS such subparagraph are donated or of minimal ‘‘(ii) digital theft of intellectual property; UNIT.— cost to the Department. ‘‘(iii) illicit e-commerce (including hidden mar- ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall oper- ‘‘(7) REPORTS.—Not later than 1 year after the ate, within the Center, a Child Exploitation In- ketplaces); date of the enactment of the HERO Act of 2015, vestigations Unit (referred to in this subsection ‘‘(iv) Internet-facilitated proliferation of arms and annually for the following 4 years, the as the ‘CEIU’). and strategic technology; and CEIU shall— ‘‘(2) FUNCTIONS.—The CEIU— ‘‘(v) cyber-enabled smuggling and money ‘‘(A) submit a report containing a summary of ‘‘(A) shall coordinate all United States Immi- laundering; the data collected pursuant to paragraph (3) gration and Customs Enforcement child exploi- ‘‘(C) shall provide training and technical sup- during the previous year to— tation initiatives, including investigations into— port in cyber investigations to— ‘‘(i) the Committee on Homeland Security and ‘‘(i) child exploitation; ‘‘(i) United States Immigration and Customs Governmental Affairs of the Senate; ‘‘(ii) child pornography; Enforcement personnel; and ‘‘(ii) the Committee on the Judiciary of the ‘‘(iii) child victim identification; ‘‘(ii) Federal, State, local, tribal, military, and Senate; foreign law enforcement agency personnel en- ‘‘(iv) traveling child sex offenders; and ‘‘(iii) the Committee on Appropriations of the ‘‘(v) forced child labor, including the sexual gaged in the investigation of crimes within their Senate; respective jurisdictions, upon request and sub- exploitation of minors; ‘‘(iv) the Committee on Homeland Security of ‘‘(B) shall, among other things, focus on— ject to the availability of funds; the House of Representatives; ‘‘(D) shall participate in research and devel- ‘‘(i) child exploitation prevention; ‘‘(v) the Committee on the Judiciary of the opment in the area of cyber investigations, in ‘‘(ii) investigative capacity building; House of Representatives; and coordination with appropriate components of ‘‘(iii) enforcement operations; and ‘‘(vi) the Committee on Appropriations of the the Department; and ‘‘(iv) training for Federal, State, local, tribal, House of Representatives; and and foreign law enforcement agency personnel, ‘‘(B) make a copy of each report submitted ‘‘(E) is authorized to recruit participants of upon request; under subparagraph (A) publicly available on the Human Exploitation Rescue Operative ‘‘(C) shall provide training, technical exper- the website of the Department. (HERO) Child Rescue Corps program for inves- tise, support, or coordination of child exploi- ‘‘(c) COMPUTER FORENSICS UNIT.— tigative and forensic positions in support of the tation investigations, as needed, to cooperating ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall oper- functions of the CCU. law enforcement agencies and personnel; ate, within the Center, a Computer Forensics ‘‘(3) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.—The CCU is ‘‘(D) shall provide psychological support and Unit (referred to in this subsection as the authorized to enter into cooperative agreements counseling services for United States Immigra- ‘CFU’). to accomplish the functions set forth in para- tion and Customs Enforcement personnel en- ‘‘(2) FUNCTIONS.—The CFU— graph (2). gaged in child exploitation prevention initia- ‘‘(A) shall provide training and technical sup- ‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— tives, including making available other existing port in digital forensics to— There are authorized to be appropriated to the services to assist employees who are exposed to ‘‘(i) United States Immigration and Customs Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry child exploitation material during investiga- Enforcement personnel; and out this section.’’. tions; ‘‘(ii) Federal, State, local, tribal, military, and (2) TABLE OF CONTENTS AMENDMENT.—The ‘‘(E) is authorized to collaborate with the De- foreign law enforcement agency personnel en- table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland partment of Defense and the National Associa- gaged in the investigation of crimes within their Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101 note) is tion to Protect Children for the purpose of the respective jurisdictions, upon request and sub- amended by adding after the item relating to recruiting, training, equipping and hiring of ject to the availability of funds; section 890 the following:

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:21 Mar 11, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 6333 E:\CR\FM\A10MR6.001 S10MRPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S1356 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 10, 2015 ‘‘Sec. 890A. Cyber crimes center, child exploi- comprehensive approach to what is a I hope we will show the same bipar- tation investigations unit, com- pervasive and very troubling problem. tisan cooperation and support on the puter forensics unit, and cyber The measure has been endorsed by over floor as we consider amendments. I crimes unit.’’. 200 groups, and it passed the Senate Ju- look forward to a vote on this bill as (c) HERO CORPS HIRING.—It is the sense of Congress that Homeland Security Investigations diciary Committee without a dis- soon as possible. of the United States Immigration and Customs senting vote. I ask unanimous consent to have Enforcement should hire, recruit, train, and The centerpiece of this bill is its cre- printed in the RECORD letters in sup- equip wounded, ill, or injured military veterans ation of a new fund called the Domestic port of S. 178 from various organiza- (as defined in section 101, title 38, United States Trafficking Victims’ Fund, which will tions. Code) who are affiliated with the HERO Child be used to support a host of programs There being no objection, the mate- Rescue Corps program for investigative, intel- and services for human trafficking and rial was ordered to be printed in the ligence, analyst, and forensic positions. child pornography survivors. The fund RECORD, as follows: (d) INVESTIGATING CHILD EXPLOITATION.—Sec- tion 307(b)(3) of the Homeland Security Act of will be financed not by taxpayers’ dol- FEBRUARY 23, 2015. 2002 (6 U.S.C. 187(b)(3)) is amended— lars but by fines collected from individ- Senator CHUCK GRASSLEY, (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘and’’ at uals convicted of human trafficking Chair, U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, Dirk- the end; and human smuggling crimes, making sen Senate Office Building, Washington, (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period it deficit neutral. DC. at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and If enacted, this bill will also equip Senator PATRICK LEAHY, (3) by adding at the end the following: Ranking Member, Russell Senate Office Build- ‘‘(D) conduct research and development for law enforcement with new tools to ing, Washington, DC. the purpose of advancing technology for the in- fight trafficking. For example, it would Senator DIANNE FEINSTEIN, vestigation of child exploitation crimes, includ- make it easier for State law enforce- Hart Senate Office Building, Washington, DC. ing child victim identification, trafficking in ment officials to wiretap human traf- Senator JOHN CORNYN, persons, and child pornography, and for ad- ficking suspects without Federal ap- Hart Senate Office Building, Washington, DC. vanced forensics.’’. proval. It also would expand the cat- Senator AMY KLOBUCHAR, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under egories of persons who can be pros- Hart Senate Office Building, Washington, DC. DEAR SENATORS GRASSLEY, LEAHY, FEIN- the previous order, the time until 12:30 ecuted for human trafficking. In addi- STEIN, CORNYN, AND KLOBUCHAR: We write to p.m. will be equally divided. tion, it clarifies that child pornography you, the leaders of the U.S. Senate Judiciary The Senator from Iowa. is a form of human trafficking. Committee, and to three committee Sen- (The remarks of Mr. GRASSLEY per- This bill takes an extremely thought- ators who have been particularly sensitive to taining to the introduction of S. 686 are ful and comprehensive approach, tack- our (often ignored) perspective. We write to printed in today’s RECORD under ling not only the supply of human traf- you as survivors of sex trafficking and com- ‘‘Statements on Introduced Bills and ficking victims but also the demand for mercial sexual exploitation. We write as sur- Joint Resolutions.’’) these victims. Tackling the problem on vivors who know, profoundly and personally, Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, on both fronts is something the non- the harm caused by this crime. And we write this bill before the Senate, for a few to you as survivor leaders of organizations partisan Congressional Research Serv- trying to prevent sex trafficking before it days we will continue to debate legisla- ice tells us is absolutely necessary if victimizes others. tion to fight crime and restore dignity we are to successfully curb human traf- We write to express our support for legisla- to its survivors. I thank the majority ficking. If enacted, this bill will ensure tion that makes progress in three essential leader for scheduling floor action on that both the trafficker and the buyer areas: the Justice for Victims of Trafficking will be prosecuted for their crimes. 1. Identify new funding streams for victim Act. This important bill is authored by We had an open and productive mark- services. Current public budgets are stressed. our assistant majority leader, Senator Victims of sex trafficking typically suffer up of this bill. I offered an amendment, multiple harms, requiring a range of services CORNYN of Texas. which was accepted by voice vote, from medical and psychological assistance to Human trafficking is a serious crime clarifying that Federal grant resources treatment for the drug and alcohol addiction that is too often overlooked in its var- can be used to meet the housing needs that so often accompanies trafficking (addic- ious forms, which include both labor of trafficking victims and offer train- tions that make people vulnerable to traf- trafficking and sexual servitude. It ing on the effects of sex trafficking to ficking; addictions that develop or worsen as causes drastic harm to its victims. A those who serve runaway, homeless, people try to cope with the pain of this inti- form of modern-day slavery, human and at-risk youth. mate form of abuse). We’ve been told by law trafficking includes both adults and This amendment also updates the re- enforcement in numerous jurisdictions that children, as well as noncitizens and when services don’t exist (mainly because authorization language for the they are expensive) there’s a disincentive to citizens of our country. Experts tell us CyberTipline of the National Center for enforcing anti-trafficking laws and identi- it is not limited to big cities or our Na- Missing and Exploited Children to en- fying victims. tion’s coasts but stretches across the sure that child trafficking is specifi- The Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act whole Nation, even to the rural parts cally mentioned as a form of Internet- (JVTA), S. 178, is innovative for creating a of our country, including my Midwest. related child exploitation. new fund to finance victim—services an es- Indeed, it happens every day, every- Finally, this amendment would re- sential goal. It also achieves a second prin- where in this country. quire the Interagency Task Force to ciple we stand for: Making sex buyers ac- countable for the harm they cause. The Judiciary Committee met 2 monitor and combat trafficking to 2. Prevent sex trafficking by targeting the weeks ago to hear testimony from a identify best practices to prevent buyers who create demand. Logically, traf- victim advocate, a law enforcement of- human trafficking. ficking will never end until we shrink the de- ficial, and a sex trafficking survivor Senator BLUMENTHAL from the State mand that creates the market. People still about the challenges we face in fight- of Connecticut also offered an amend- in the life, still being exploited, sometimes ing human trafficking. One witness, a ment based on a bill he and Senator avoid this conclusion because they see no criminal investigator from my State of KIRK filed earlier this year, which was other options but the cycle of violence in Iowa who works for our Democratic at- accepted in committee by a voice vote. which they are trapped. We are strong wit- nesses to the necessity of making the buyers torney general Tom Miller, told us Their bill, S. 575, known as the HERO pay, to make the crime end. about a 20-year-old from my State who Act, provides authorization for a pro- Two bills in particular strength account- in December was abducted and forced gram at the Department of Homeland ability in the sex trafficking legal regime: S. into sexual servitude. Security that trains wounded warriors 178 and Combat Human Trafficking Act of We have made progress in curbing to assist in the effort to locate missing 2015, S. 140. By clarifying congressional in- human trafficking since the passage in children. tent that sex buyers be considered parties to 2000 of the Federal Victims of Traf- I am proud to be a cosponsor of the the trafficking crime, by compelling the De- ficking and Violence Protection Act—a bill now before if Senate. I commend partment of Justice to incorporate training and technical assistance on investigating measure I supported at that time—but Senator CORNYN, the lead sponsor of and prosecuting buyers in its anti-traf- there is still much work that remains this measure, for his efforts to refine ficking programming, and by making the to be done on this front. This bill be- the bill and build such a substantial, crime more ‘‘costly,’’ we can finally begin to fore the Senate takes a creative and very bipartisan coalition supporting it. shrink its incidence.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:30 Mar 11, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A10MR6.001 S10MRPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE March 10, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1357 3. Treat victims as victims, not criminals, to develop comprehensive support programs Kenosha, Tex Pride Disaster & Recovery and let survivor voices inform anti-traf- for victims. In addition, the Act will directly First Responders, West Florida Center for ficking policy. Two bills in particular recog- assist domestic victims of trafficking by fi- Trafficking Advocacy, Empowered You, LLC, nize these realities: the Stop Exploitation nally allowing them access to the same serv- Traffick Free, Chapelwood United Methodist Through Trafficking Act, S. 166, which gives ices and support systems that have been pre- Church, Hephzibah Children’s Home, Side- states incentives to approve ‘‘Safe Harbor’’ viously available only to foreign victims of By-Side Church International, Lives Worth laws as well as job training options for vic- human trafficking in the U.S. The legisla- Saving, Pleasant Grove United Methodist tims and the Survivors of Human Trafficking tion prioritizes victim assistance by training Women, Sisters of Providence, A2 Traf- Empowerment Act, which creates a sur- federal prosecutors and judges on the impor- ficking Task Force, Michigan Abolitionist vivors-led U.S. Advisory Council on Human tance of requesting and ordering restitution, Project. Trafficking to review federal policy and pro- and training law enforcement on facilitating Set Free Movement, Refuge of Light, Ash grams. physical and mental health services for traf- Creek Baptist Church, Companions of Wis- Other proposals may also make valuable ficking victims they encounter. dom, Zonta Club of Pinellas County, Oasis of contributions, but these are the three most Every day in this country, thousands of Hope, Benton County Republican Women, important principles to incorporate in new women and children are bought and sold. The Ho’ola Na Pua (Hawaii-based child sex traf- legislative initiatives. unfettered demand for sex, with underage ficking service provider), Butterfly House, Thank you for your consideration. Please girls in particular, has caused pimps and ex- International Christian Center, New Life let us know if you have specific questions or ploiters to resort to more extreme tactics in Refuge Ministries, The Red Web Foundation, would like more information on our program order to meet the growing demand. Women Coastal Bend Grace House, Freedom13, The activities. and children, especially girls, are advertised RavenHeart Center, Scott County Sheriff’s Sincerely, online where buyers purchase them with Office, Flathead Abolitionist Movement, The Windie Lazenko, 4her—North Dakota, ND; ease, anonymity, and impunity. This hap- Porch Light. Brooke Axtell, Allies Against Slavery, TX; pens in every city, in every state. Honermann Homeschool, Heartly House, Aliza Amar, Breaking the Silence Together/ The elimination of sex trafficking is fun- Milton Hershey School, River’s Voice Music, Sole Sisters Project, San Diego, CA; Vednita damentally linked to targeting the demand San Antonio Against Slavery, Smoky Hill Carter, Breaking Free, St Paul, MN; Leah J. for commercial sex. Any effort to prevent sex Vineyard Church, Sauk Prairie Church, MQA Albright-Byrd, Executive Director/Founder, trafficking must focus on the sex buyers and Charity in Action, St Mary of the Lake Bridget’s Dream, Sacramento, CA; Marian facilitators. Without buyers of commercial Human Trafficking Working Group, Eden’s Hatcher, Human Trafficking Coordinator, sex, sex trafficking would not exist. Glory, Project Resource Company, Shelter In Cook County Sheriff’s Office, SPACE Inter- This legislation is vital. The Justice for The Storm, Daughters of Charity, Denver national Member, Chicago, IL; Tina Frundt, Victims of Trafficking Act of 2015 represents Street School—Hope Academy, Stockton Courtney’s House, Washington, DC; Cherie an effort to provide the necessary support Covenant Church, National Association of Jimenez, Founder, Eva Center, Boston, MA; services to our domestic victims of traf- Social Workers, I’m Aware, Christian Inn D’Lita Miller, Founder/Executive Director, ficking in the U.S. and to target the culture Ministries, Inc. Living in Liberty, Precious Ones, Thomas Families Against Sex Trafficking, Los Ange- of impunity for those who seek to purchase Spann Clinic, Children’s Hospital of Wis- les, CA; Kathi Hardy, Founder/Executive Di- sex, especially with children. As leaders in consin, CharlotteLaw Advocates Against rector, Freedom From Exploitation, San the anti-trafficking, anti-violence, child wel- Trafficking of Humans, Saint Hilary Parish, Diego, CA; Cheryl Briggs, Founder/President, fare, civil rights, runaway and homeless RJ Huffman & Associates, Sufficient Grace Mission at Serenity Ranch, TX; Necole Dan- youth, and human rights movements, we Outreach, Anti-Trafficking Task Force, First iels, MISSSEY, Inc., Oakland, CA; Dr. Brook urge Congress to pass this critical piece of Congregational Church of Boulder, The Bello, More Too Life, FL. legislation. MENTOR Network, Freedom From Exploi- Nola Brantley, Nola Brantley Speaks! Oak- Sincerely, tation, Hope Hollow Exploitation Victim As- land, CA; Rebecca Bender, Rebecca Bender Rights4Girls, ECPAT–USA, NAACP, Na- sistance and Consultation Services, Virginia Ministries, OR; Carissa Phelps, Runaway tional Domestic Violence Hotline, National Beach Justice Initiative, Religious Sisters of Girl, Inc., CA; Natasha Falle, Co-Founder, Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges Charity, To Love Children Educational Sex Trade 101/Canada; Bridget Perrier, Co- (NCJFCJ), National Criminal Justice Asso- Foundation International Inc., Children’s Founder, Sex Trade 101/Canada; Stella Marr, ciation (NCJA), Minnesota Indian Women Advocacy Center of Suffolk County, Make Survivor and a Founder, Sex Trafficking Resource Center, National Women’s Law Way Partners, Restore NYC. Survivors United, USA; Amy Green, Sur- Center (NWLC), American Psychological As- Ozone House, Inc., ENC Stop Human Traf- vivors Consultation Network, San sociation, National Children’s Alliance, ficking Now, YouthSpark, Changing Des- Bernardino, CA; Rachel Thomas, Sowers Equality Now, Shared Hope International, tinies, Visitors from the Past, Perhaps Kids Education Group, Los Angeles, CA; Autumn Association of Prosecuting Attorneys (APA), Meeting Kids Can Make A Difference, Living Burris, Survivors for Solutions/SPACE Int’l Survivors for Solutions, Breaking Free Inc., Water for Girls, The Ray E. Helfer Society, Member, San Diego, CA; Mark (Marq) Daniel Coalition Against Trafficking in Women Edmund Rice International, Bay Area Girls Taylor, The BUDDY House, Inc., GA; Tom (CATW), PROTECT, National Crittenton Unite, Exodus Cry, Horizon Farms, The Jones, Founder, The H.O.P.E. Project for Foundation. Tobert and Polly Dunn Foundation, Lotus Male Survivors, San Diego, CA; Kristy First Focus Campaign for Children, Girls Medicine, Leadership Conference of Women Childs, Veronica’s Voice, Inc., Kansas City, Inc. (National), National Association for Religious (LCWR), Home Instead Senior MO; Jeanette Westbrook, MSSW, Women Children’s Behavioral Health, National Cen- Care, From Words 2 Action Outreach Min- Graduates—USA/SPACE Int’l Member, KY; ter for Youth Law, Alameda County District istries, Butterfly Dreams Abuse Recovery. Beth Jacobs, Founder, Willow Way/Policy Attorney’s Office, Advisory Council on Child O L Pathy Foundation, Dignity Health, Chair, National Survivor Network, Tuscan, Trafficking (ACCT), My Life My Choice, Forsythe County Child Advocacy Center, AZ. Girls for Gender Equity, PACE Center for Civil Society (Minnesota based anti-traf- Girls, Inc., The Children’s Campaign, So- ficking organization), 300m4freedom, Bluff FEBRUARY 23, 2015. journers, Men Can Stop Rape, YWCA Na- Country Family Resources, Sexual Assault Hon. CHUCK GRASSLEY, tional Capital Area, WestCoast Children’s Services, Inc., Asian Women United of MN, Chairman, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Clinic, FAIR Girls, Sanctuary for Families, Tubman Family Crisis & Support Services, Senate, Washington, DC. Alliance for Girls, Girls Inc. of Alameda Rochester Franciscan, Human Trafficking Hon. PATRICK J. LEAHY, County. Task Force, Trinity Presbyterian Church, Ranking Member, Committee on the Judiciary, DC Rape Crisis Center, Stop Modern Slav- Anoka Ramsey Community College, New U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. ery, Women’s Foundation of Minnesota, York Asian Women’s Center, St. Mary’s So- DEAR CHAIRMAN GRASSLEY AND RANKING Healthy Teen Network, United Methodist cial Justice Ministry, St Mary of the Lake MEMBER LEAHY: We are a coalition of organi- Women, Foster Family-based Treatment As- Human Trafficking Working Group, Francis- zations from across the United States dedi- sociation, Pacific Alliance to Stop Slavery, can Peace Center Anti-Trafficking Com- cated to improving the lives of vulnerable Children’s Home Society of Washington, mittee, Kids At Risk Action, Nomi Network. women and children and write to express our American Association of University Women Soroptimist International of Stuart, Some- support for the Justice for Victims of Traf- SF, Exodus Cry, Delores Barr Weaver Policy place Safe, Calvary Temple, Genesee County ficking Act of 2015, S. 178 (JVTA). The JVTA Center, Hope Academy of the Denver Street Youth Corporation, Youth Attention Center, would provide much needed services and sup- School, Directions For Youth & Families, The Advocates for Human Rights, Livingston port to domestic victims of trafficking and Violence Prevention Coalition, Children Family Center, Central New Mexico Coun- provide a tool for law enforcement, courts, Now, Always Free, Set Free, End Slavery seling Service, Downey McGrath Group, and the anti-trafficking task forces through- TN. Women Graduates-USA, Lutheran Services out the country to effectively target the de- Child Advocacy Center a Division of Merid- in America, Life for the Innocent, Too Young mand that fuels the sex trafficking market. ian Health Services, Program for the Em- to Wed, WRAP Court (specialized ‘‘CSEC’’ The JVTA provides unprecedented support powerment of Girls (Albuquerque specialized court, Philadelphia), Real Life Giving, Chris- to domestic victims of trafficking, who are court for girls), Changing Destinies, Second tian Inn Ministries, Inc., Angels Ministry, too often invisible and underserved, by cre- Life of Chattanooga, Students Ending Slav- California Alliance of Child and Family ating grants for state and local governments ery at the University of Maryland, Hope Run Services, Crittenton Center, Children’s Court

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:30 Mar 11, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A10MR6.002 S10MRPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S1358 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 10, 2015 Division (2nd Judicial District Court, Albu- Mr. LEAHY. If the Senator will yield entirely the way it was intended origi- querque), Oak Chapel UMC, Greif Fellowship for a question, there is so much of this nally. in Juvenile Human Trafficking at The Ohio bill I strongly support. In fact, a lot of But I would urge my colleague to State University. it reflects legislation I have written take the word of the people who have done the research on this legislation to FEBRUARY 24, 2015. and actually passed through the com- Hon. CHUCK GRASSLEY, mittee before. I have a couple of con- bring it together and the consensus it Chairman, Committee on the Judiciary, cerns, but one that comes to mind is has from 200 or more organizations and U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. that we don’t want to hold out false feel that it will be successful. If it Hon. PATRICK J. LEAHY, promises to victims, and I know the isn’t, then I pledge to help you deal Ranking Member, Committee on the Judiciary, Senator doesn’t want to either. with that at that particular time. U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. I certainly support having any I yield the floor. CHAIRMAN GRASSLEY AND RANKING MEMBER money that the traffickers are fined go The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- LEAHY: As organizations representing law ator from Vermont. enforcement leaders, officers, and state and to supporting this, but my experience local prosecutors from across the United earlier as a prosecutor and my experi- Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, the issues States, we write to express our support for S. ence now in talking to prosecutors raised in this are serious matters, and 178, the Justice for Victims of Trafficking around the country is that most of the Senator from Iowa, Senator KLO- Act of 2015 (JVTA). The JVTA would provide these people, when they get prosecuted, BUCHAR, Senator CORNYN, and others much needed services and support to domes- are basically judgment-proof—they should be concerned about this. tic victims of trafficking. More importantly, don’t have any money or they have a I think of a victim I have talked this bill provides necessary tools for law en- very small amount of money. They will with, Holly Austin Smith. She was 14 forcement, courts, and the anti-trafficking years old when she ran away from task forces throughout the country to effec- go to prison. Who pays for that? Of tively target the demand that fuels the sex course taxpayers pay for the prison, home and quickly became a victim of trafficking market. whether it is Federal or State. They human trafficking. She met a man in a The JVTA provides unprecedented re- will pay for the prisons, but there is no shopping mall who told her she was sources to address the issue of domestic vic- money for the victims. pretty, and promised he would give her tims of trafficking, who are too often invis- What happens if the fine money does a glamorous life in California. Remem- ible and underserved, by creating grants for not materialize? We have talked about ber, she was 14 years old. Then he sold state and local governments to develop com- up to $30 million, I think, in fines, but her for sex. The first man she was sold prehensive systems to address these crimes to commented that she reminded him and provide services for victims. In addition, let’s suppose we only come up with a the legislation allows wire-taps obtained few thousand dollars in fines. Are we of his own granddaughter—but then he through state courts to be used for child sex making a promise to these victims that paid $200 to rape her. trafficking, trains federal prosecutors and can’t be met? Is there an alternative Thankfully, Holly escaped and has judges on the importance of requesting and for them in case the fines don’t pay for rebuilt her life. She is now a fierce ad- ordering restitution, and trains law enforce- it? vocate of ending all forms of human ment on facilitating physical and mental Mr. GRASSLEY. I guess, based upon trafficking because she knows what health services for trafficking victims they the experience of the supporters of the happens to those who are trafficked. encounter. But many are not so lucky. The phys- According to the National Center for Miss- legislation and the expert advice they ing & Exploited Children (NCMEC), at least got in coming to the conclusion of how ical and psychological scars of being 100,000 American children each year are the to fund this fund, they feel the money bought and sold, of being raped mul- victims of commercial child prostitution and is going to be available to do that. tiple times a night by different men, child trafficking. Women and children, espe- You ask a legitimate question. I sup- are devastating. This terrible crime de- cially girls, are also advertised online where pose I ought to have an answer for it, stroys lives. buyers purchase them with ease, anonymity, and I don’t have from this standpoint. As we consider legislation to combat and impunity. This happens in every city, in I think that I have great faith in the human trafficking, we must remember every state. figures they have presented us and that Holly and the thousands of other vul- The elimination of sex trafficking is fun- damentally linked to targeting the demand we will have to deal with the issue you nerable and victimized children she for commercial sex. Without buyers of com- bring up at some future time because I represents, and we must do everything mercial sex, sex trafficking would not exist. think we will want everybody to be we can to keep it from happening in It is for this reason and others stated above made whole if what you say happens. the first place. that we, as representatives of law enforce- Mr. LEAHY. The reason I ask, Mr. Last Congress, in 2013, I led the effort ment and the courts, support this bill. President, is because I know in the to reauthorize the Trafficking Victims The Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act House of Representatives they have Protection Act. That historic bipar- of 2015 addresses a critical need by providing been concerned that the money might tisan legislation and the funds it au- the necessary tools and support services for domestic victims of trafficking in the U.S. not be there. thorized signaled our country’s com- We urge Congress to pass this critical piece I think we all want to accomplish mitment to ending all forms of human of legislation. these things for the victims. I just trafficking, both here at home and Sincerely, want to make sure we are not holding around the world. So I am glad, after National District Attorneys Association, out a promise that we can’t complete. the attention we gave to my bill last Association of State Criminal Investigative Do I agree with all the fines going into Congress, to see the Senate return its Agencies, National Association of Police Or- this fund? Absolutely. But the experi- attention to this issue. Stories such as ganizations, Federal Law Enforcement Offi- ence of a lot of prosecutors I have Holly’s make clear we have more work cers Association, National Fusion Center As- sociation, National Black Prosecutors Asso- talked with is that the court may say: to do. ciation. I fine you $20,000 or $30,000, but this is I support the bill we take up today, National Troopers Coalition, Major Cities never paid. They go to prison. They the Justice for Victims of Trafficking Chiefs Association, Major County Sheriffs’ have no assets. We are spending $25,000 Act, but I believe we must do more to Association, National Sheriffs’ Association, to $35,000 a year as taxpayers keeping prevent trafficking in the first place. Association of Prosecuting Attorneys. them in prison, and I want them to be We have to act to protect our young Mr. GRASSLEY. I also take this op- in prison, but there is no money for people before they become victims. It portunity to thank the organizations victims. is one thing to say now that you have Rights4Girls, Shared Hope Inter- Mr. GRASSLEY. I can say to the become a victim, we are here to help national, the Polaris Project, and the Senator that he raises a legitimate you. It does even more if we can stop National Center for Missing and Ex- point because I know in other areas we them from being victims in the first ploited Children, among many other have set up such funds and sometimes place. supporters of the bill, for their effort in they come up short. But we have to re- The legislation that Senator COLLINS assisting in our refinement of this leg- member that sometimes something is of Maine and I have introduced seeks islation so it could move forward in not paid out because a lot of times ex- to do just that. Homeless and runaway this manner. cess money is used for something else kids are exceptionally vulnerable to I yield the floor. in the Federal budget and not paid out human traffickers. A recent survey

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:30 Mar 11, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A10MR6.009 S10MRPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE March 10, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1359 found that one in four homeless teens such as Holly to pass the strongest pos- The second bill, put forward by Senator was a victim of sex trafficking or had sible bill. Amy Klobuchar, Democrat of Minnesota, been forced to provide sex for survival We have to provide the resources des- would give a preference for Department of needs. perately needed by those on the front Justice law enforcement grants to states that adopt ‘‘safe harbor’’ laws. These vulnerable children, alone and lines protecting young people every These laws help ensure that young people on the street, are walking prey. Human day, such as those in my home State of sold for sex are treated as victims and of- traffickers lurk around bus stops and Vermont at Spectrum Services and the fered support services instead of being pros- parks where homeless children con- Vermont Coalition of Runaway and ecuted. The House has approved similar bills, gregate. They offer promises of some- Homeless Youth Programs service pro- so it should not be hard to hammer out a thing to eat and a night off the streets. viders. We owe it to all the survivors strong final package. They exploit the very sad reality that who bravely come forward and tell A preventive measure that would help en- most of these children have no place to their stories, hoping to prevent just sure housing and services for homeless juve- niles, who are often prey to traffickers, un- go. The weather may be cold. Far too one more child from falling prey to this fortunately stalled in the Senate Judiciary many of our cities have no shelter for terrible crime. Committee. One obstacle was the resistance kids, and those who do face a chronic The Senate has to pass a strong, of some Republicans to its nondiscrimina- shortage of beds. Then somebody comes comprehensive bill that includes pre- tion provision guaranteeing fair treatment up and says: I will offer you food, I will vention and prosecution, but also serv- of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender offer you a warm place to sleep for the ices for victims. We haven’t accom- youths. night. plished as much as we should if we are No young person should ‘‘have to choose between selling their bodies and a safe place As Representative POE recently said only able to prosecute the perpetrator to sleep,’’ said Senator Susan Collins, Repub- at an event on ending human traf- after the fact and forget about helping lican of Maine, who introduced the bill with ficking: We have more animal shelters the victim. We have to stop trafficking Patrick Leahy, Democrat of Vermont. in this country than places for young from happening in the first place; but if Undeterred, they plan to seek consideration people to find a safe place to sleep. it does happen, we have to help the vic- from the full Senate. What does that say about our prior- tims. Trafficking abroad remains a tremendous ities? I have nothing against having An editorial in the New York Times problem, so it is fitting that a promising ap- the animal shelters, but shouldn’t we last week noted that: proach comes from the Senate Foreign Rela- tions Committee, which last week unani- have more for our children than we do . . . a consensus is emerging on new initia- mously approved a measure to create an tives to confront this human-rights problem for the animals? international public-private fund dedicated and help its victims, often runaways or If we are serious about preventing to the issue, similar to the Global Fund to homeless youngsters who have been forced or human trafficking, we must protect Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. More coerced into prostitution. these kids. We have to provide better resources could do a lot to help trafficking’s outreach to them, more beds for them I agree with that editorial, and I look victims at home, too. to sleep in, and more counseling to get forward to working with every Senator Mr. LEAHY. We talk about the Run- them on the path to a stable life. This here to ensure we get this done for the away and Homeless Youth Trafficking kind of prevention costs money, but it American people. and Prevention Act. This is a partial saves lives and prevents the far more Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- list of the local, State, and national costly effects of human trafficking— sent that the New York Times editorial groups which have urged its passage. not just the effects of human traf- be printed in the RECORD. There are too many to read—this has ficking on the victims’ part, but the There being no objection, the mate- to be in small type; otherwise, we cost to all of us. This is smart money rial was ordered to be printed in the would have a dozen posters if we put it we ought to be proud to invest in our RECORD, as follows: in larger type. children. We must include the Run- [From the New York Times, March 5, 2015] Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- away and Homeless Youth and Traf- STEPS AGAINST JUVENILE SEX TRAFFICKING sent to have printed in the RECORD the ficking Prevention Act in our efforts (By the Editorial Board) complete list. here to prevent more of our kids from The impression that America’s sex-traf- There being no objection, the mate- becoming victims. I look forward, at ficking problem mostly involves young peo- rial was ordered to be printed in the ple smuggled from overseas has given way to the appropriate place, to offering our RECORD, as follows: broad recognition of a cruel homegrown re- bipartisan legislation as an amend- NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ment. ality: the tens of thousands of juveniles who are exploited each year by traffickers in this AccuWord, LLC; Alliance to End Slavery & I know other Senators have amend- country. Trafficking (ATEST); American Psycho- ments they wish to see considered. On Capitol Hill, a consensus is emerging on logical Association; Campaign for Youth Senator CORKER, chairman of the Sen- new initiatives to confront this human- Justice; Center for Children’s Law and Pol- ate Foreign Relations Committee, has rights problem and help its victims, often icy; CenterLink: The Community of LGBT an important piece of legislation to runaways or homeless youngsters who have Center; Children’s Advocacy Institute; Child combat sex and labor trafficking in been forced or coerced into prostitution. Welfare League of America; Coalition for Ju- countries around the world. I thank The Senate Judiciary Committee last week venile Justice; Covenant House Inter- unanimously approved a pair of anti-traf- national; ECPAT–USA; Entertainment In- him for working with me to make some ficking bills with wide backing from victim dustries Council, Inc.; Family Equality improvements to its funding provisions advocates and other experts, and the full Council; Family Promise; First Focus Cam- and I hope this bipartisan legislation Senate is expected to take up the package paign for Children; Free the Slaves; Foster will be considered as an amendment by soon. Family-based Treatment Association; the full Senate. A bill championed by Senator John Cor- FosterClub; Freedom Network USA; Funders I mentioned earlier Senator KLO- nyn, Republican of Texas, would create a Together to End Homelessness; Futures BUCHAR has been working for years to new pool of financing—through additional Without Violence; Girls Inc.; Healthy Teen see the safe harbor bill get passed, to fines on people convicted of sex and labor Network; HEAR US, Inc.; Hetrick-Martin In- make sure victims are treated as vic- trafficking, child pornography and other stitute; Human Rights Campaign; Human crimes—for restitution, victim services and Rights Project for Girls; Indian Oaks Acad- tims and not as criminals. I am proud law enforcement. The idea of aiding victims emy; International Human Trafficking Insti- to cosponsor her bill. After all, as I without committing more tax dollars has tute; International Organization for Adoles- said about the Violence Against drawn support from Republicans, and any cents (IOFA). Women Act, a victim is a victim is a new money for this badly underfinanced Jewish Women International; Lambda victim. They are not criminals. They cause would help. Legal; MANY; Marriage Equality USA; Na- are victims. The Cornyn bill would also encourage pros- tional Association of Counsel for Children; Senator MCCONNELL has long prom- ecution of the ‘‘johns,’’ or buyers of juvenile National Association for the Education of ised a full amendment process. I take sex, who typically escape criminal charges Homeless Children and Youth; National Cen- even though they are paying for what ter for Housing and Child Welfare; National him at his word and I expect we will amounts to the statutory rape of children Center for Lesbian Rights; National Chil- have the opportunity to strengthen the and teenagers. Their demand is what’s fuel- dren’s Alliance; National Coalition for the underlying bill with a variety of ideas ing the highly lucrative human slavery busi- Homeless; National Council on Jewish from Senators. We owe it to survivors ness. Women; National Council of Juvenile and

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:57 Mar 11, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G10MR6.026 S10MRPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S1360 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 10, 2015 Family Court Judges; National Law Center Outreach Resource Centers, UT; Preble County System of Services, Inc., Decatur, on Homelessness & Poverty; National Street, Portland, ME; Reed City Housing AL; New Morning Youth & Family Services, LGBTQ Task Force Action Fund; National Commission, Reed City, MI; Sparrow’s Next Placerville, CA; Northwest Family Services, Network for Youth; National PTA; National NW MT; Student Advocacy Center of Michi- Inc., Alva, OK; Oasis Center, Nashville, TN; Safe Place Network; National Youth Advo- gan; The Mockingbird Society, WA; The Open Arms, Inc., Albany, GA; Open Door cate Program; Peace Alliance; Polaris; Re- Women’s Law Center of Maryland, Inc.; Youth Services, Green Bay, WI; Ozone House claiming Lost Voices; SAFE Coalition for Training and Resources United to Stop Traf- Youth and Family Services, Ann Arbor, MI; Human Rights; School Social Work Associa- ficking, AZ; Vermont Coalition of Runaway Pathfinders Milwaukee, Inc., Milwaukee, WI; tion of America; Sexuality Information and & Homeless Youth Programs; Youth Bridge, PathWays PA, Holmes, PA; Positive Alter- Education Council of the U.S. (SIECUS); Fayetteville, AR; Youth Pride, Inc., RI; natives, Inc., Menomonie, WI; Pride Center Shared Hope International; Southwest Key Youthworks, Bismarck and Fargo, ND; WI of Staten Island, Inc., Staten Island, NY; Programs; StandUp For Kids; Student Peace Association for Homeless and Runaway Serv- Pridelines Youth Services, South FL; Alliance; The Equity Project; The Forum for ices. Project Oz, McLean County, IL; Project Youth Investment; The General Board of LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS 16:49, Janesville, WI; Project Reach, New Church and Society, United Methodist Adventure Church, Kalispell, MT; Alameda York, NY; Project YES, Ceres, CA. Church; The National Crittenton Founda- Proud Haven, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA; Red- Family Services, Alameda, CA; Alternative tion; The Peace Alliance; The Trevor wood Community Action Agency—Youth House, Fairfax, VA; Attention Homes, Boul- Project; True Colors Fund; U.S. Fund for Service Bureau, Eureka, CA; Richmond Gay der, CO; Avenues for Homeless Youth, Min- UNICEF; U.S. Committee for Refugees and Community Foundation, Richmond, VA; Ro- neapolis, MN; Bradbury-Sullivan LGBT Com- Immigrants; W. Haywood Burns Institute. anoke Diversity Center, Roanoke, VA; Safe munity Center, Allentown, PA; Bill Wilson Haven of Racine, Inc., Racine, WI; Sanctuary REGIONAL Center, San Jose, CA; Boys & Girls Clubs of of Hope, Los Angeles, CA; Sasha Bruce Art Expression Inc., Pittsburgh, PA; the Fox Valley, Appleton, WI; Briarpatch Youthwork, Inc., Washington, DC; School BeaSister2aSister, Brooklyn, NY; CAP Serv- Youth Services, Madison, WI; Bridge Over District 27J, Brighton, CO; Shaw House, Ban- ices, Inc., Stevens Point, WI; Caring for Chil- Troubled Waters, Boston, MA; Broward gor, ME; Social Advocates for Youth, Santa dren, Inc., Asheville, NC; Catholic Charities Human Trafficking Coalition, Ft. Lauder- Rosa, CA; Somerville Homeless Coalition, of the Diocese of Albany, NY; Center for dale, FL; Cardinal McCloskey Community Somerville, MA; StandUp for Kids, Chicago, Health Justice, Inc.; Children’s Hospital Los Services, Bronx, NY; Catholic Charities of IL; StandUp for Kids, Washington, DC; Angeles, Los Angeles CA; Community Youth Herkimer County, NY; Catholic Charities, SunServe, Wilton Manors, FL; Tahoe Youth Services, Olympia, WA; Compass Family & Lubbock, TX; Center for Family Services, & Family Services, South Lake Tahoe, CA; Community Services, Youngstown, OH; Con- Camden, NJ; Center on Halsted, Chicago, IL; Tamar Counseling Services, Upland, CA; gregation of St. Joseph, OH; Covenant House Central Texas Youth Services Bureau, Teens Alone, Hopkins, MN. New Orleans, LA; Free2Be Safe Anti-Vio- Belton, TX; Children’s Home Society of FL— The Council of Churches of Greater Bridge- lence Project, Huntsville, AL; Hope Hollow WaveCREST Shelter, Fort Pierce, FL; Com- port, Bridgeport, CT; The Gay and Lesbian Exploitation Victim Assistance and Con- munity Resources in Service to People, Center of Southern Nevada, Las Vegas, NV; sultation, PA; Janus Youth Programs, Port- Winterset, IA; Compatior, Inc., South Gate, The HEAT Program, Brooklyn, NY; The land, OR; Latin American Youth Center, CA; Compass House, Buffalo, NY. Night Ministry, Chicago, IL; The Youth and Washington, DC; Long Island Crisis Center/ CORY Place, Inc., Bay City, MI; Covenant Family Project, Inc., West Bend, WI; Urban Pride for Youth, NY; Loving Arms, Inc., MD. House NY, New York, NY; Crisis Center Inc., Peak Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, LUK, Inc., Fitchburg & Worcester, MA; Lu- a Youth Service Bureau, Gary, IN; Cross- CO; Walker’s Point Youth & Family Center, theran Social Services of Wisconsin and winds Youth Services, Cocoa, FL; Davis Milwaukee, WI; Livingston Family Center— Upper Michigan; Rainbow House, MO; Run- Chapel United Methodist Church, Piedmont, The Connection Youth Services, Howell, MI; away and Homeless Youth Services—Boys & AL; Daybreak, Dayton, OH; Educational and School District 27J, Brighton, CO; YMCA of Girls Clubs of America; Ryan’s House for Treatment Council, Inc., Lake Charles, LA; San Diego County, San Diego, CA; YMCA Youth, Freeland, WA; Sacramento Regional Evergreen Youth & Family Services, Safe Place Services, Louisville, KY; Young Coalition to End Homelessness, CA; Safe Bemidji, MN; Face to Face Health and Coun- Adult Guidance Center, Inc., Atlanta, GA; Harbor Children’s Center, Brunswick, GA; seling Service, Inc., St. Paul, MN; Fairfield- YouthCare, Seattle, WA; Youth Emergency San Diego Adolescent Pregnancy and Par- Suisun Unified School District, Fairfield- Services, Omaha, NE; Youth In Need, St. enting Program; Staircase Youth Services, Suisun, CA; Family Assistance Program, Louis, MO; Youth Outreach Services, Inc., Inc., Ludington, MI; South Bay Community Victorville, CA; Friends of Youth, Kirkland, Chicago, IL; YouthLink, Minneapolis, MN; Services, Chula Vista, CA; United Way of WA; Gay & Lesbian Community Services of Youth Service Bureau of St. Joseph County, Tucson and Southern Arizona, Tucson, AZ; SE MN, Rochester, MN; Girls Educational Inc., South Bend, IN; Youth Services Bureau Victoria Area Homeless Coalition, Victoria, and Mentoring Services, New York, NY; Give of Monroe County, Bloomington, IL; Youth TX; Volunteers of America of America Them Wings, Inc., dba WINGS, Hood River, Services for Stephens County, Inc., Duncan, Northern New England, Brunswick, ME; OR; Good Shepherd Services, New York, NY; OK; Youth Services of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK. Youth and Shelter Services, Inc., Ames, IA; Grand Rapids Public Schools, Grand Rapids, Youth Continuum, New Haven, CT; MI; HDC Project Reach Out, Superior, WA; Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I see the YouthLink, Minneapolis, MN; Youth OUT- Health care for the Homeless, Pittsburgh, distinguished senior Senator from right WNC, Inc., Asheville & Western NC. PA; Hillcrest Youth Program, Kansas City, Texas on the floor seeking recognition. STATE ORGANIZATIONS KS; Home Start, Inc., San Diego, CA. I wonder if we could suggest the ab- AO: Advocating Opportunity, OH; AMP Hudson Pride Connections Center, Jersey sence of a quorum for just 1 minute. Iowa; Arizona Legal Women and Youth Serv- City, NJ; Human Development Center/ Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I sug- ices (ALWAYS), Phoenix, AZ; Avenues for Project Reach Out, Duluth, MN; In Our Own gest the absence of a quorum. Voice, Inc., Albany, NY; Interfaith Emer- Homeless Youth, MN; California Coalition The PRESIDING OFFICER. The for Youth; Chicago Coalition for the Home- gency Services, Ocala, FL; Introspect Youth less; Children and Family Services of NH; Services, Inc., Chicago, IL 1 in 10, Inc., Phoe- clerk will call the roll. Children’s Home + Aid, IL; Coalition for nix, AZ; Jackson Street Youth Shelter, Inc., Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask Homeless Youth; Coalition to Abolish Slav- Corvallis, OR; Jefferson County Public unanimous consent that the order for ery & Trafficking; Cocoon House, Everett, Schools, Louisville, KY; Juneau Youth Serv- the quorum call be rescinded. WA; Covenant House Pennsylvania; Cov- ices, Juneau, AK; Kalamazoo Gay Lesbian The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without enant House Florida; Texans Care for Chil- Resource Center, Kalamazoo, MI; Karis, Inc., objection, it is so ordered. dren, TX; The DC Center for the LGBT Com- Grand Junction, CO; Kenosha Human Devel- Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I know munity. opment Services, Kenosha, WI; Kids in Cri- the Senator from West Virginia will be Empire State Pride Agenda, NY; The sis, Greenwich, CT; Kids in Need Youth Pro- giving her first speech in the Senate Bridge for Youth, Minneapolis, MN; The gram, Rhinelander, WI; Krista THP+, Red- Florida Network of Youth and Family Serv- ding, CA; Larkin Street Youth Services, San here shortly and I look forward to lis- ices; Family Resources, Inc., FL; Families Francisco, CA; Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & tening to that, but I wanted to say a On The Move, Inc., MI; Focus on Awareness Transgender Community Center, New York, few words about the legislation we will and Information Resources of New York, NY; LGBT Center of Raleigh, Raleigh, NC; be debating and hopefully passing this Syracuse, NY; Georgia Alliance to End LIFE Skills Foundation, Durham, NC; Light- week, and that is the Justice for Vic- Homelessness, GA; Healing Place Serve, LA; house Youth Services, Inc., Cincinnati, OH. tims of Trafficking Act. Human Rights Advocacy Center, Inc., FL; Il- Lutheran Social Services SW RAYS, This is without a doubt one of the linois Collaboration on Youth; Indiana Baraboo, WI; Lutheran Social Services most shocking and troubling issues fac- Youth Services Association, Indianapolis, Youth Services, Brainerd, MN; Matrix IN; Lutheran Social Services of MN; Lu- Human Services, Detroit, MI; MCCNY Char- ing our country today. It is no exag- theran Social Services, WI; Massachusetts ities, Inc., New York, NY; Miami Coalition geration to say modern-day human Coalition for the Homeless; North Little for the Homeless, Miami, FL; Montgomery slavery, at a time when we believed as Rock School District, AR. County Youth Services, Conroe, TX; Morgan a country that slavery was a part of

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:21 Mar 11, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A10MR6.005 S10MRPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE March 10, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1361 our past and something we only read treated as the child rapists and the of work that is contained in this bill about in our history books. criminals they are. No longer are we will have the opportunity to do so, Many people are under the impres- just going to deal with the supply side. both offering amendments and seeking sion that human trafficking is a prob- We are going to pay attention to the votes on those. lem somewhere else or at some other demand side too. This is a fight that sadly must be time in history, but the fact is human Critically, this bill takes fines from fought, but it is a fight we will win. trafficking is a problem right now in the perpetrators of these awful crimes When we do, we will finally have done all 50 States, right here in the United and redirects them into a crime vic- our part to help deliver our Nation’s States of America, the most affluent tims fund which will help people such promise of freedom to those who are country in the world. It is not just a as Melissa and others get a fresh lease enslaved. problem in Texas, it is not just a prob- on life, to begin to heal and to get the lem in Arizona, it is not just a problem help they so badly need in order to get The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- in West Virginia, it is a problem in all on with their lives. ator from West Virginia. 50 States. This week we have a wonderful op- MAKING WASHINGTON WORK FOR WEST VIRGINIA Thousands of young girls, many of portunity in the Senate, in a town that Mrs. CAPITO. Mr. President, I rise them middle school age, are trapped is too often divided by ideology and today to deliver my maiden speech as a into a life of bondage where they are partisanship, to do something together Senator from West Virginia. I am deep- abused and sold for sex every day. It is on a bipartisan basis that can help peo- ly humbled by the confidence placed in not easy to say, but it is true, and we ple such as Melissa and the thousands me by fellow West Virginians. To serve must say it and we must acknowledge of young girls like her waiting to be as West Virginia’s first female Senator it. saved. All of us, Republicans and is a true honor and one that comes This is of course unconscionable. As Democrats alike, are committed to with great responsibility. I hope to the father of two daughters myself, it working together to do everything we serve as an example for that next gen- is simply heartbreaking to hear the can to help these victims and to put an eration of West Virginians, including stories of young women who have been end to this abhorrent practice. my own grandchildren Celia and Char- This particular legislation we are trapped in this system. Of course, we lie, and hopefully for many others. I taking up today passed unanimously can imagine it is every parent’s worst find myself in a unique place in his- out of the Judiciary Committee a few nightmare. tory, and I am grateful to and inspired One woman I have had the privilege weeks ago. That doesn’t happen very by my own loving family, my husband of meeting and who shared her very often, but it did for this legislation. Charlie and our three children, Charles, personal story about this is Melissa More than 200 groups around the coun- Moore, and Shelley, and their spouses. Woodward from the Dallas-Fort Worth try—such as the NAACP, the National area in Texas. When she was 12 years Center for Missing and Exploited Chil- For 14 years I have proudly served old—12 years old—she was sold into the dren, Rights4Girls, the Fraternal Order the people of West Virginia’s Second sex trade by a family member, some- of Police, and the National Conference Congressional District in the House of body whom she had every right to as- of State Legislatures—have all en- Representatives. I bring that experi- sume cared for her, loved her, wanted dorsed our work on this issue. ence to the Senate combined with a her to grow up being a loved and pro- I want to particularly thank some of strong desire to make Washington ductive person. But she was sold into my colleagues on the other side of the work for West Virginia. the sex trade by a family member. aisle who joined me on this effort: the West Virginia has a time-honored Eventually she was pulled out of school senior Senator from Minnesota, Ms. history of exceptional Senators, includ- and trafficked full time when she was KLOBUCHAR, and the senior Senator ing my predecessors, Senators Jay in sixth grade. Her life became a pris- from Oregon, Mr. WYDEN. They have Rockefeller and Robert C. Byrd. I am on. been great partners in this fight—not appreciative of their efforts to better She was chained to a bed in a ware- just this year but for many years. And West Virginia during their more than house. She endured regular beatings there are many others. Another great 80 years of combined public service in and, of course, she was sexually as- partner has been the junior Senator this great body. saulted with regularity. She was even from Illinois, Mr. KIRK, who has I am proud of our State’s rich his- set on fire by one of her captors. All worked for years to get antitrafficking tory, culture, and natural beauty. But the while, she was forced to serve be- legislation to the floor. He introduced it is our people that I hold dearest in tween 5 and 30 men every day. a bill called the HERO Act which au- my heart. West Virginians are strong Melissa has said that she wished she thorizes a program to recruit wounded, and resilient. We are the embodiment were dead. Her story of her time in cap- injured, and returning veterans and of our State’s history. Born of the Civil tivity is gut-wrenching and heart- provides them with training in high- War, West Virginians fought for free- breaking, but just as sad is the way she tech computer forensics and law en- dom in the face of great turmoil. As a was treated once she escaped from her forcement skills to help fight child ex- result, President Abraham Lincoln captors. As is the case with so many ploitation. signed the proclamation making West victims, Melissa struggled for years to I also want to acknowledge the great Virginia the 35th State admitted to the distance herself from her past. But in- contribution of the junior Senator Union. stead of being treated as the victim she from Ohio, Mr. PORTMAN, who has a bill was, the criminal justice system actu- called the Bringing Missing Children Today, our State’s forceful motto, ally treated her as the criminal. That Home Act, which improves the way ‘‘Mountaineers are always free,’’ re- is an all too common outcome for vic- cases of missing children are handled, mains emblazoned in Latin on our tims of trafficking, who are labeled as strengthening law enforcement report- State flag. We will never forget the prostitutes and are left with few op- ing and response procedures. principles on which our great State tions but to return to the nightmare Both the HERO Act and the Bringing was founded. The Mountain State is that so sadly exists in our country. Missing Children Home Act have been home to unmatched scenery and nat- That needs to change. That is why I incorporated into the underlying bill, ural resources that can power our Na- am glad the Senate is taking up the and I want to thank both of them for tion’s economy. A State filled with Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act, their efforts and willingness to work small towns, Main Streets and tight because this begins the process of mak- with us to make the Justice for Vic- knit communities, West Virginians ing that important change. The bill tims of Trafficking Act even stronger. come together to solve problems and helps law enforcement crack down on I know there are Members who are help neighbors in need. I have often criminal trafficking rings and per- interested in offering amendments to said that West Virginia is one big small petrators of these crimes. this legislation. Thanks to the major- town. Instead of a slap on the wrist and a ity leader, we are going to have an West Virginians expect the Senate to fine, the so-called johns—the demand open process where anybody with a bet- find pragmatic solutions to the mo- side for this terrible trade—will be ter idea who wants to add to this base mentous problems confronting our

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:30 Mar 11, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G10MR6.028 S10MRPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S1362 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 10, 2015 country. That is particularly true now Route 35, a project that will provide a Access to care can be especially chal- during this period of divided govern- secure route to school for our children lenging for our veterans who live in ment. There are clear differences and serve as a regional transportation rural communities. Many West Vir- among the American people, and these artery between Interstate 64 and the ginia veterans must travel significant differences are certainly reflected in Great Lakes region. Charles under- distances to get to a VA hospital. In the Senate. stands the economic and safety bene- many cases, allowing veterans to re- West Virginia is represented by both fits the road provides and has fought ceive treatment closer to home is more parties in the Senate, and I look for- for them. convenient for the patient and more ef- ward to continuing to work with my Working with Charles we have made ficient for the VA. While we have made friend Senator JOE MANCHIN in the significant progress on Route 35, but strides to improve access for our vet- months ahead, and I thank him for all of our States need certainty to in- erans, the current program is not being here with me as a source of sup- vest in our transportation infrastruc- working as well as it should. More port today. Together, I hope we can re- ture. That certainty comes with a must be done. instate respect for the institution, a long-term surface transportation reau- Expanded access to private medical place where deliberation and debate thorization bill, which brings these providers will help improve the quality are valued and all voices are heard. We projects to reality across the country. of care we offer to our veterans. Our owe it to the American people to do Working together we can and we must children in the Mountain State also de- better. achieve this goal. Now is the time to serve quality health care. If our chil- Throughout my time in Congress I move our transportation system for- dren, the next generation of leaders, have heard a clear and consistent mes- ward. are going to realize their potential, sage from West Virginians: Improve Second, I am committed to expand- they must have a healthy foundation. the economic opportunities for our ing access to broadband in commu- A solid education and good health are State, stop the bickering, and fight for nities across West Virginia, and I will pillars for success of future genera- our jobs. As Leader MCCONNELL has be a champion for connecting our tions. As a parent and grandparent, stated, to do this the Senate must State. High-speed Internet access is a this is personal. We must work to- work more, have an open amendment pillar of our 21st century infrastruc- gether to continue funding the State process—which we are going to be hav- ture and a gateway to growth in rural Children’s Health Insurance Program. ing here in the next several days—and America. High-tech businesses can I started my legislative career in the take the tough votes. After all, that is power our small communities. The West Virginia House of Delegates why we are here. world literally can be at your desktop. where I served on the committee that Today I will outline how I plan to Unfortunately, for all the potential op- first implemented the SCHIP program produce bipartisan, commonsense solu- portunities that broadband can offer to in our State. Today this program pro- tions in the Senate to make West Vir- rural America, not having this impor- vides access to health care for tens of ginia communities stronger. This plan tant service can place an almost insur- thousands of West Virginia’s children. will create economic opportunities by mountable barrier to economic devel- Maintaining this program is a priority bridging the gap and tackling Amer- opment, and there are many areas in I share with my predecessor, Senator ica’s infrastructure crisis, better con- my State and the leader’s State that Rockefeller, who was a tireless advo- necting West Virginia and rural com- still do not have adequate access. cate for children’s health insurance munities through increased broadband These areas are at risk of being left be- during his three decades of service in access, caring for our Nation’s vet- erans, and ensuring a bright future for hind. In Capon Bridge, WV, a lack of this body. I am encouraged that Sen- young West Virginians, and imple- broadband access is an obstacle to at- ators in both parties have recognized menting a commonsense energy policy tracting jobs and economic develop- the importance of providing continued that utilizes our vast natural resources ment. Sadly, Capon Bridge is not funding for the bipartisan SCHIP pro- to provide affordable and reliable en- unique in this regard. gram. Small communities across West Vir- Finally, and of critical importance to ergy. First, addressing our country’s crum- ginia and elsewhere in rural America the State of West Virginia and the bling infrastructure is an area that can lack fundamental infrastructure and country, we need to work together to bridge the partisan divide and further lack access to vital opportunities as a implement a commonsense energy pol- economic growth. American commu- result. icy. We need an affordable and reliable nities need a strong Federal highway The answer for Capon Bridge is not a energy policy that utilizes our State’s program and a full 6-year bill to meet regulated Internet. Too much govern- vast natural resources. We need a pol- the needs of our growing population, to ment control would be counter- icy that grows the economy and cre- ensure safety for travelers, and to offer productive, choking off private sector ates new job opportunities. We need a opportunity for growth in areas that expansion projects and hindering new policy that supports a strong middle struggle economically. technologies. But we have to recognize class. We need a policy that ensures we West Virginians, like many across that there is a role for government in continue to improve safety and our en- the Nation, rely heavily on roads, helping broadband reach those hard-to- vironment even as we expand energy bridges, and highway transit to fuel serve communities. We should leverage production. our economy, to access hard to reach resources at all levels of government The administration’s overreach has areas in our State, to get to and from and encourage public-private partner- contributed to thousands of coal min- work, and to transport necessary goods ships to expand access to rural Ameri- ers losing their jobs in West Virginia and services. cans. This is a necessary and achiev- and our neighboring States, dev- U.S. Route 35 will drastically im- able goal. It may sound like a small de- astating—I can’t overstate this prove safety for residents in Putnam sire, but connectivity is essential to enough—local communities and fami- and Mason Counties. Corridor H will compete and thrive. lies. unleash the economic potential of our Health care access is critically im- Last year I met a recently laid off State’s eastern highlands. U.S. Route portant to West Virginians. We must coal miner from Raleigh County. After 340 will help address congestion in our continue to provide access to our vet- losing his job, his church came to- eastern panhandle, and the Coalfields erans and to our children. West Vir- gether to prepare meals for other coal Expressway and the King Coal Highway ginians have a strong history of service miners and their families while they can help isolated communities attract to our Nation. These brave men and searched for work. Neighbors helping businesses and provide jobs. Point women have put themselves in harm’s neighbors—the West Virginia way. This Pleasant’s Charles Lanham, a well-re- way to defend our freedoms. It is our is a stark reminder of the impact mis- spected gentleman, had a vision. With solemn responsibility to care for them guided Federal policies can have on the his friend Jack Fruth, they began a when they return home. lives of real people. crusade for their community. These American heroes deserve the Anti-coal policies impact more than For many years Charles has worked best possible treatment and top-notch miners and their families. In West Vir- to build the case for a 4-lane U.S. mental health services. ginia the attack on coal mines reduces

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:21 Mar 11, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G10MR6.011 S10MRPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE March 10, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1363 revenues for education programs, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- was history-making in some unfortu- roads, and other public services. Higher jority leader. nate ways. utility prices caused by overregulation CONGRATULATING THE SENATOR FROM WEST Congress has heard from the Prime means fewer jobs in energy-intensive VIRGINIA Minister or President of Israel seven manufacturing. And sadly, lower in- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I times in the last 50 years—eight times come families and senior citizens who wish to say to our new Senator from if you count last week. Last week’s ad- live on fixed incomes are dispropor- West Virginia what an outstanding dress was unusual because it was de- tionately impacted by higher energy speech not only for her State but the signed in a partisan way. It was an in- costs. As chairman of the Sub- way forward for our country, and I con- vitation by the leadership of one party committee on Clean Air and Nuclear gratulate her for an outstanding set of with an intentional decision not to let Safety, I will lead the fight against ex- comments. the White House know, not to let the cessive government regulation that has The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sen- minority party in Congress know, and been devastating my State. ior Senator from West Virginia. to schedule the speech days before a There are many areas of energy pol- Mr. MANCHIN. Mr. President, I also contested foreign election, leading icy where we can find common ground. wish to congratulate my colleague many to conclude that it was an effort While the EPA’s proposed greenhouse from West Virginia. We spoke earlier by Congress to affect a foreign elec- gas standards are misguided, we should about how she and I can show the way tion, which we should never do. continue to make the use of fossil fuel to have a better relationship-building cleaner and more efficient. We must Following that speech, a carefully effort here in the Senate by working worked bipartisan bill that has been in- continue to support important research together in order to better serve the at Morgantown’s National Energy troduced in Congress to give Congress people of West Virginia and also the an appropriate review role over any po- Technology Lab and other labs that al- country. I congratulate my colleague lows us to make environmental tential Iranian nuclear deal was basi- on her great speech and look forward cally hijacked. Instead of allowing the progress even as we continue to use our to working with her. I think she has natural resources. bill to go through Congress, there was done a great job for the people of West a decision to force the bill to the floor Natural gas is a large and growing Virginia, and I again thank the Sen- part of West Virginia’s economy. As a for an immediate vote, which was seen ator. by all as a partisan move. It was de- child of Marshall County, which is the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- scribed by one of the Republican spon- heart of the Marcellus Shale develop- ator from Virginia. sors of the bill as an effort to embar- ment in West Virginia, I am delighted TACKLING NATIONAL SECURITY QUESTIONS to see these communities come alive rass Democrats. Thank goodness that Mr. KAINE. Mr. President, I rise to at the end of the day that effort to ac- with opportunity. It is proof positive address a question to myself and every that an energy economy is a jobs econ- celerate consideration of what was a Member of this body, and the question bipartisan bill was pulled back, and we omy. We need improved infrastructure is a serious one: Is the Senate capable in order to make full use of these gas will not be doing that this week. We of tackling challenging national secu- will be allowing a normal committee reserves. We need new natural gas and rity questions in a mature and respon- oil pipelines that safely connect pro- process. But the fact that the effort sible way? was made did damage to reasonable bi- ducing regions with manufacturers. We We have many hard national security partisan consideration of this impor- need new markets that can make use of challenges before us now. Three of tant issue. these vital resources. We need a pro-ex- those challenges are urgent: the discus- ports policy that will benefit our coun- sions about a potential nuclear deal Then yesterday we all awoke to the try in multiple ways. The Nation will with Iran, the discussions in this body news that there had been a partisan see more jobs and investment, more se- about military action by the United letter signed by 47 Senators—47 of my curity, and a more independent future, States against ISIL, and the delibera- colleagues, many of whom I work with and at the same time we can strength- tions that will take place this month very closely—not to the President say- en our relationships with important al- about the American budget, which will ing ‘‘We have concerns about a deal, lies overseas by providing them with determine whether we have the re- and we are going to weigh in’’ but in- the energy they need. sources we need to meet our security stead to the leader of a nation that we These are just a few of the ideas I characterize as a terrorist state. This hope to refine and accomplish during challenges. We have to show the Amer- ican public—and I would argue the letter presumed to instruct the nation my first term in the Senate. Notably, about what Congress might or might there are many other very important world—that we can give these issues the careful consideration they deserve, not do. The letter was widely viewed as issues—such as national security, fiscal an effort to undercut or dilute diplo- responsibility, a balanced budget, and but I am forced to admit that recent events have caused me to have some matic negotiations that are in the best replacement of the Affordable Care tradition of our country, the notion of Act—on which I will be focusing. Our significant doubts about our institu- tional capacity to tackle these issues diplomacy. plate is full, and expectations are high, I just came from hearings this morn- as they should be. We need to roll up in a responsible way. We recently—at the end of Feb- ing in the Armed Services Committee our sleeves and deliver. I am optimistic where we heard what we have heard for that we can find solutions that move ruary—ran up to the very brink of 21⁄2 years: advice from our military our country forward. There will be dif- shutting down the Department of leadership to the Senate that sequester ferences of opinion and philosophy Homeland Security at a time when ter- is hurting our national defense. Will along the way, but Americans expect rorist threats and other threats to our you finally listen to us? Will you do us to bridge those gaps. homeland security are so obvious on Senator Byrd, the longest serving our borders and throughout the world. something about it? Senator, said it best: Thank goodness, after a week’s exten- All of these events over the last few I love this Senate. I love it dearly. I love sion of funding for Homeland Security, weeks when taken together suggest the the Senate for its rules. I love the Senate for we pulled back from the brink. But sad possibility of a Senate that will its precedence. I love the Senate for the dif- that did not lead to an increase in con- elevate partisan political division over ference that it can make in people’s lives. fidence in this body, that Congress careful and constructive deliberation, Fighting for West Virginians always would contemplate not funding the De- even on the most critical security has been and always will be my top pri- partment of Homeland Security. issues that affect the security of our ority. I am honored—I can’t overstate Last week there was a joint address country and the world. I deeply believe that—to represent the great people of to Congress by Prime Minister that this body—the Senate and Con- the Mountain State as we strive to cre- Netanyahu. I spent many hours con- gress generally—has to pull back from ate a strong and prosperous future. versing with Prime Minister the brink of irresponsible and partisan Now is the time for Washington to Netanyahu in his office about Iran and action with respect to these critical se- work for West Virginia, and I stand other topics, but I am sad to look at curity questions because the stakes are ready to do my part. that joint address and basically say it simply too high.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:21 Mar 11, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G10MR6.012 S10MRPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S1364 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 10, 2015 With respect to the Iranian nuclear give up any intent to develop nuclear budgetary deliberation that will deter- negotiation, I share many of the con- weapons. But what is the likelihood mine whether we can meet our com- cerns of my 47 colleagues who wrote that Iran will make those concessions mitments in these national security the letter. I share many of the con- if they have no knowledge about what challenges. We have to get these de- cerns of the Prime Minister that were Congress’s intent is vis-a´ -vis the con- bates right for the good of our country shared in his speech last week. But I gressional statutory provisions? and the world, and we have to get them deeply believe we should not try to There is a right way and a wrong way right to demonstrate to all that this tank a deal, critique a deal, or under- to approach these matters. To rush it, institution does have the maturity to cut a deal before there is a deal because to label a deal as a bad deal before tackle these issues in a reasonable to the extent there are efforts to stand there is a deal, to make it entirely par- way. and say this is a bad deal before there tisan rather than bipartisan, reflecting With that, I yield the last minute or is a deal, the message that is commu- the will of the body, is an effort to un- so of my time to my colleague from nicated to the American public and to dercut negotiations that weakens our Maine, Senator KING. the world is: We will never accept any President, weakens our country, and The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. deal. We are not interested in diplo- weakens our credibility; whereas if we CRUZ). The Senator from Maine. macy. We are not interested in negotia- proceed in a bipartisan way, we can Mr. KING. Mr. President, there is lit- tion. make the deal stronger. tle I can add to the remarks of the Sen- That attitude plays directly into the Similarly—and then I wish to cede ator from Virginia on this issue. hands of the nation of Iran, which is the moment to my colleague, the Sen- I think this institution is being test- currently engaging in terrorist activ- ator from Maine—we are about to start ed this week, this month, and over the ity. They want to be able to blame the work on another critically important next several months in a way that is absence of any deal on an intransigent issue—whether Congress should finally, really somewhat new. The test, the United States that is unwilling to ne- after 7-plus months, have a debate to question, is: Can we deal with the most gotiate in good faith. authorize an ongoing war against the serious of issues facing this country We should not tank a deal before Islamic State in the Levant that was and the world in a responsible, reason- there is a deal. Instead, why don’t we begun on August 8 by the President. We able, and, yes, bipartisan, nonpartisan do what we are supposed to do as the are now in the eighth month of a uni- way? greatest deliberative body in the lateral war, and aside from a Foreign I also worked with BOB CORKER, Sen- world? Why don’t we allow negotiators Relations Committee vote in com- ator KAINE, and the whole group that who have been working in the best tra- mittee in December, Congress has not worked on putting together—Senator ditions of American diplomacy to see if had a meaningful vote or debate on MENENDEZ—a bipartisan bill to provide they can find a deal and then put it on this fundamental responsibility. We Congress a role in the approval of the table for the review of Congress, as owe it to ourselves and to this institu- whatever deal is struck with Iran. I be- has always been contemplated? tion, we owe it to the important na- lieve Congress should have that role. I am a proud original cosponsor and tional security interests at stake, and But in those discussions, my concern worked on the draftsmanship of a bi- especially we owe it to the people who was that some of our Members will not partisan bill that was introduced under are risking their lives in this war—and be able to resist the temptation to po- the key sponsorship of Foreign Rela- we have already had deaths of Amer- liticize and make a partisan issue— tions chair Senator CORKER and rank- ican servicemembers as part of Oper- even this grave issue of war and peace, ing member Senator MENENDEZ to ation Inherent Resolve—we owe it to this grave issue that faces this country guarantee to Congress an appropriate them to show we can have a meaning- and the entire world—of the possibility review of any final deal with Iran over ful debate that is not partisan, that is of a regime such as that in Iran achiev- their nuclear program if such a deal not rushed, but that is careful and de- ing nuclear weapons. was reached. This is a bill which is rig- liberate. They have been waiting for 7- This is not an ideological debate. orously bipartisan—not partisan, not plus months to see whether Congress This is a serious debate about the fu- political, not rushed, not accelerated, even cares. ture of this country. This is one of the but rigorously bipartisan. It respects We are at war by a Presidential act. most serious negotiations of our adult the ongoing process by allowing the ne- Does Congress even care enough to lives. I want Congress to have a role, gotiators to do their work and see if have the debate on the floor of the Sen- but I want it to play that role weighing they can find an outcome. It guaran- ate and in the House of Representa- the merits, pro or con, the actual ma- tees Congress a debate and vote if a tives? Is it just partisanship now? Is it terials that are in the treaty—in the deal includes relief under the congres- just delay now? Does the fact our serv- agreement. I want us to have that role, sional sanctions Congress has enacted ice men and women are risking their but I want to be sure we can respond to over the years. It is appropriately def- lives even matter to us now? that in a responsible way. Frankly, the erential to the Executive, allowing the This is the debate we will be entering actions of the last few days have shak- Executive the flexibility to do sanc- into within the next few days, starting en that confidence, because we have tions relief under Executive or inter- with the hearing in the Senate Foreign seen what appears to be an effort to national sanctions that have not been Relations Committee tomorrow. We gain political and partisan advantage part of any congressional statute. can’t afford, on important issues of na- from this gravest of national issues. This is a bipartisan bill which pro- tional security such as Iran or such as I understand there are differences vides some assurance to allies. Our al- the war against ISIL, to send the im- about what the deal should look like lies in the region—allies that are most pression to our troops, to our citizens, and what the terms should be. That is affected by the Iranian nuclear ambi- to our global citizens around the world, OK. That is what we should be dis- tions are not part of the P5+1, whether that on these important matters Con- cussing. But to turn this into a par- you are talking about Israel or Gulf gress is now just a partisan sort of tisan issue I think does a grave dis- State nations or Jordan. The nations sideshow rather than the deliberative service to this entire country, and to most affected by Iranian nuclear ambi- body we were set up to be. We have to undercut the President in the last tions are not part of the P5+1, and the find a bipartisan path forward on these stages of the negotiation to me is un- Corker-Menendez bill would give them important security issues or we weak- precedented and unthinkable. some comfort that a deal, if an- en confidence in this institution and in I was a young man at the time of the nounced, would receive some careful the leadership of this country. Cuban missile crisis. I cannot imagine scrutiny in this body. In conclusion, the national security the Congress of the United States writ- Finally, I believe the Corker-Menen- interests that are at stake right now ing a letter to Kruschev in the midst of dez bipartisan approach even provides before us are fundamental, whether it those discussions and saying, Don’t some important assurances to Iran in is about Iran, whether it is about the worry about this guy Kennedy, he the negotiation. We want Iran to make battle against ISIL, or whether it is doesn’t speak for the country. Yet that not small concessions, we want them about the budgetary deliberations we essentially is what took place yester- to make big and bold concessions and will be undertaking this month—a day. I don’t understand the need or the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:21 Mar 11, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G10MR6.013 S10MRPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE March 10, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1365 helpfulness of such a statement at a ceive ‘‘significantly higher’’ scores for losing NIH grants. More than 50 per- time when we were already moving to- management and effectiveness than cent of the researchers say they have ward a bipartisan—I believe probably those run by ‘‘grant- and contract- colleagues who have lost his or her job. veto-proof—bill to provide this institu- based third parties.’’ What is the impact? Delays in life- tion with a check on the quality of the I think part of the problem is that saving medical progress. Medical deal that is being struck. Americans have come to accept that breakthroughs do not happen over- It is not productive or helpful to turn Federal workers are nameless, faceless night. In almost all instances, break- issues of this kind into partisan issues. bureaucrats. They aren’t. They are through discoveries result from years I hope we can step back from this par- people who are patriotic Americans of incremental research to understand tisan posture and meet this solemn re- and dedicated to public service. They how diseases start and progress. Cuts sponsibility to assess what the Presi- have families and support their com- to research are delaying progress in dent and the administration and the munities. They have been asked to do medical breakthroughs, including de- other five countries—the agreement more and more with less and less while veloping better cancer drugs that zero they come to with Iran—to determine being subjected to pay freezes, seques- in on a tumor with fewer side effects; whether, indeed, it is in the best inter- tration-related furloughs, government research on a universal flu vaccine that ests of the region and the world. That shutdowns, and threats to their bene- could fight every strain of influenza is our responsibility. I hope we can fits. They have contributed $150 billion without needing a yearly shot; pre- muster the ability to meet that respon- to deficit reduction while still working venting debilitating chronic conditions sibility in a serious way and not, for hard on behalf of all Americans. that are costly to society and delay de- once, turn it into a partisan issue. Today, as I mentioned, I wish to velopment of more effective treat- Thank you, Mr. President. focus on the Federal workers at the ments for common and rare diseases af- I yield the floor. National Institutes of Health. I wish to fecting millions of Americans. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- introduce my colleagues and all Ameri- NIH Director Dr. Francis Collins re- ator from Maryland. cans to a few of the Federal workers cently wrote the column ‘‘Exceptional TRIBUTE TO FEDERAL EMPLOYEES who are making life better for all of us. Opportunities in Medical Science’’ in DR. FRANCIS COLLINS, DR. NANCY SULLIVAN, But first a description of the NIH so which he describes the excitement over AND DR. WILLIAM GAHL people can understand its mission. ‘‘personalized medicine,’’ the BRAIN Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, I wish to I can sum up its mission in two initiative, and development of the take a few moments today to speak words: saving lives. The NIH is the Ebola vaccine. He has also shared his about Federal workers in general and world’s premier biomedical and health- concern about the budget challenges some of the people at the National In- related research facility. Its job is to NIH faces. stitutes of Health in particular. perform and fund the research that Let me quote from Dr. Collins: Government workers guard our bor- helps improve the Nation’s health—a Although all of these ambitious scientific ders, protect us from terrorists, treat job it has carried out for over a cen- endeavors offer exceptional promise for ad- our wounded veterans, dispense Social tury. vancing human health, the effect that un- Security checks to our retirees, find I am proud the NIH is headquartered precedented budget pressures are having on cures for diseases, guide the Nation’s in Maryland, but it is important to un- biomedical research cannot be ignored. Due air traffic, explore the tiniest particles derstand that NIH support of medical to inflation, the NIH budget has lost almost 25 percent of its purchasing power over the and the vast expanse of outer space, en- research at other research institutions last decade. The decline has had important sure our air is safe to breathe, our has created jobs and fostered economic consequences. The NIH once funded one in water is safe to drink, our food is safe growth in each and every State, while three research proposals, but now only has to eat, support our service men and establishing and maintaining the enough resources to support one in six. As a women in harm’s way, and promote our United States as the global leader in result, a great deal of excellent science is interests and ideals abroad. For whom the life sciences. NIH-supported re- being left unfunded. does the government work? Govern- search added $69 billion to our GDP and Last October Dr. Collins stated that ment works for America. supported 7 million jobs in 2011 alone. cuts in Federal funding slowed the de- The Washington Post recently re- In the weeks and months ahead, Con- velopment of vaccines and therapies ported that since reliable data first be- gress and the administration will have for the deadly Ebola virus, saying: came available shortly before World to decide whether they have to replace ‘‘Frankly, if we had not gone through War II, the percentage of all employed sequestration with a more logical, co- our 10-year slide in research support, people working for the Federal Govern- herent, strategic, and responsible form we probably would have had a vaccine ment hit an all-time low in December. of budgeting. in time for this that would have gone Fewer than 2 percent of the total U.S. While we will have disagreements through clinical trials and would have workforce is employed by the Federal over the details, if anyone needs to be been ready.’’ Government. Over nearly the past half convinced about the value of replacing Think about the lives that could century, from 1966 to 2012—the most re- sequestration, look no further than the have been saved. cent year for which comparable data is situation at NIH. Funding constraints To Americans who wonder what their available—the number of Federal there not only cost people their jobs, tax dollars do—well, some go to NIH to workers in the executive branch they are costing people their lives. find treatments and cures for cancer, dropped by 83,000. During that time, NIH funding has multiple drivers, but depression, arthritis, substance abuse, the U.S. population increased from comparing the fiscal year 2013 figures addiction, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s under 200 million to over 300 million with the fiscal year 2012 figures, large- disease. To date, 145 NIH-supported re- people and the gross domestic product ly because of sequestration, approxi- searchers have received or shared 85 nearly quadrupled. mately 640 fewer competitive research Nobel Prizes. We can argue over whether we want project grants were issued and approxi- Not everyone wins a Nobel Prize, so bigger government or smaller govern- mately 750 fewer new patients were ad- let me talk about people who aren’t in ment, but we should all agree we want mitted to the NIH Clinical Center. the spotlight—people some of our col- better government. We can’t have bet- Each these affects a person’s life. Each leagues might refer to as ‘‘nameless, ter government when Federal workers of these has consequences when we do faceless bureaucrats.’’ I will highlight are constantly under assault. We need not move forward as we should. the work of two of them today who are to stop treating the Federal workforce A recent survey determined that making a tremendous contribution as like a rented mule. We need to treat nearly 20 percent of the biomedical sci- public servants. the Federal workforce like the critical entists have considered leaving the Dr. Nancy Sullivan, Chief of the Vac- asset it is. United States due to sequestration. We cine Research Center, has been work- A 2011 report by the National Acad- are losing our best. Nearly one-half of ing on an Ebola vaccine for nearly two emy of Public Administration and the the scientists surveyed said they have decades, dating back to when she was Kettering Foundation concluded that laid off staff in their laboratories or an investigator at the University of programs operated by civil servants re- are considering laying off staff due to Michigan with the then-NIH grantee

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:21 Mar 11, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G10MR6.014 S10MRPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE S1366 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 10, 2015 and now former Director, Dr. Gary Results include diagnosis and treat- during his career. He said deciding who Nabel. Most vaccines spur production ment of diseases so rare they don’t to admit into the Undiagnosed Diseases of a person’s immune system’s anti- even have names, plus new genetic dis- Program is always very difficult and bodies that block a virus from entering coveries, improved disease manage- much like triage on the battlefield. the cells, but that approach doesn’t ment, and the advancement of medical You have to make decisions about work for Ebola. knowledge. NIH Director Dr. Collins where you think you can do some good. Gene-based vaccines can induce addi- said the Undiagnosed Diseases Pro- The Undiagnosed Diseases Program tional virus fighters called T-cells, so gram, which Dr. Gahl conceived and serves people who feel helpless, have that is what Dr. Sullivan created, started, serves as a kind of court of suffered greatly, have waited many using pieces of Ebola genetic material. last resort for patients without a diag- years for answers, and must be treated It is the most promising approach yet, nosis. Dr. Gahl has convinced some of with respect and attention. According and it is being tested in the parts of the best, brightest, and busiest physi- to Dr. Gahl, the NIH caregivers under- West Africa that have been hit the cians to participate, and has devoted stand the desperation the patients and hardest with Ebola, where more than tremendous energy to examining pa- their families feel and try to balance 9,000 people have died. tient records, selecting cases for in- the difficulty finding solutions with a The concept for Dr. Sullivan’s vac- depth analysis, and helping people who realistic measure of hope. cine has been 16 years in the making, are seriously ill. Dr. John Gallin, Director of the NIH beginning back when few people out- Under Dr. Gahl’s stewardship, the Clinical Center, said Dr. Gahl takes side the global infectious disease com- program regularly involves a collective cases after everyone else has given up. munity had even heard of the deadly effort by more than 25 attending physi- He said that in a short time the pro- disease. Over the years, Dr. Sullivan cians of different specialties. The co- gram has developed new approaches for and her team continued to tweak her operation by a diverse group of experts investigating, understanding, and diag- ideas, constantly improving on them. has helped create a coherent view of nosing rare disorders, and has added to Eventually she followed Dr. Nabel to each patient instead of the organ-by- the body of medical knowledge. As Dr. NIH. organ orientation taken by most spe- Gallin put it, as a result of the NIH Many experts in the vaccine research cialists. Patients are brought to the Undiagnosed Diseases Program, the community had begun to believe Ebola NIH campus in Bethesda for an inten- language of medicine is changing. The sive week. They meet with a parade of was insurmountable. They thought it different specialists working together specialists who study their medical his- was too aggressive for a vaccine to ever now are beginning to find common tories, perform thorough exams, and protect against it. But Dr. Sullivan ways. take numerous tests. never lost heart that her work would Nancy Sullivan and Bill Gahl are just The doctors then meet to discuss one day prove successful. two of the dedicated people who work The Ebola virus infection is a highly what they have seen, discovered, or may have missed. They also debate in the Federal Government. They are lethal disease for which there are no ef- not nameless, faceless bureaucrats. fective therapeutic or preventive treat- various theories, trying to connect the dots, and come up with a possible diag- They are dedicated, hard-working ments. Consequently, work with these Americans trying to make life better viruses requires highly specialized nosis and treatment. Scientists working with Dr. Gahl dis- for all of us under difficult cir- BSL–4 containment labs—the highest covered the genetic cause of a vascular cumstances. At a minimum, they de- biosafety labs. Dr. Sullivan is a leader disorder not previously identified in serve our gratitude and respect. They in the field and has personally con- the medical literature. The rare condi- also deserve a predictable and reason- ducted many of the most critical ex- tion, identified in nine individuals, able budget to support their critical periments. Her work on immunology arises in adulthood and causes arterial work. and vaccine development is widely con- calcification in the hands and feet, but In the weeks ahead I will be dis- sidered as some of the very best in the does not affect arteries in the heart. cussing the accomplishments of other field. In spite of the difficulties associ- The symptoms include acute pain after outstanding Federal workers so that ated with access to BSL–4 labs, her walking more than a short distance. Americans can understand government work has consistently been the source The disorder previously baffled the works for America. of novel observations. medical field and evaded diagnosis I yield the floor. Dr. Sullivan received her Ph.D. in when conventional methods were used. f cell biology from Harvard University in In another instance, physicians RECESS 1997. She received her master of science working with Dr. Gahl identified the in environmental engineering in 1989, reason why a woman’s muscles had The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under also from Harvard University. grown painfully large and hard under- the previous order, the Senate stands I brought a poster to the floor where neath her skin, making it increasingly in recess until 2:15 p.m. we see President Obama visited NIH to difficult for her to perform daily ac- Thereupon, the Senate, at 12:37 p.m., personally congratulate Dr. Sullivan tivities. This turned out to be an ex- recessed until 2:15 p.m. and reassem- for her incredible work on behalf of tremely rare, generally fatal complica- bled when called to order by the Pre- world health. tion of multiple myeloma, and the di- siding Officer (Mr. PORTMAN). Some people may be familiar with agnosis by the NIH Undiagnosed Dis- f the TV show ‘‘House.’’ The main char- eases Program resulted in a stem cell acter, Dr. Gregory House, is brilliant JUSTICE FOR VICTIMS OF TRAF- bone marrow transplant that allows FICKING ACT OF 2015—Continued at diagnosing conditions and illnesses her to lead a normal life. These are that baffle everyone else. The real-life people who had no hope, no hope at all. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Dr. House is Dr. William Gahl, the They came to NIH, and they have got- ator from Louisiana. founding Director of the Undiagnosed ten government-supported help to give Mr. CASSIDY. Mr. President, I rise Diseases Program at NIH. He is Amer- them hope and to give them life. today to discuss a serious crime and a ica’s leading medical detective, a phy- Dr. Gahl earned his B.S. in biology violation of human rights that must be sician dedicated to finding answers for from the Massachusetts Institute of stopped—human trafficking. It is a long-suffering patients with mys- Technology in 1972 and his M.D. from form of modern-day slavery, people terious illnesses that long eluded diag- the University of Wisconsin in 1976. He profiting from the control and exploi- nosis. Dr. Gahl has brought together a obtained a Ph.D. degree in oncology re- tation of others. unique combination of elite medical search from Wisconsin’s McArdle Lab- I rise as a doc, a fellow who has prac- specialists, researchers, and Federal re- oratory for Cancer Research in 1981. He ticed in the public hospital system for sources to solve baffling illnesses and has published more than 350 peer-re- 32 years, understanding the unique role provide desperate patients and their viewed papers and trained 36 bio- nurses, physicians, and other health families with information and possible chemical geneticists. care providers play in this issue. solutions and treatments for their Dr. Gahl has made a number of sem- Health care providers are frontline often life-threatening ailments. inal discoveries regarding rare diseases and one of the few to interact directly

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