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Info: Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation Info: Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation Eine Veranstaltung "Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation" wird sich mit dem Menschen, der Technik und der Kommunikation beschäftigen. Diese Gebiete können nicht erschöpfend in 2 SWS behandelt werden. Auch braucht ein praktisches Beschäftigen im Praktikum Zeit. Auf Wunsch von Studierenden ist einiges ausgewählt und aufgeschrieben worden ( "... denn, was man schwarz auf weiß besitzt, kann man getrost nach Hause tragen." und "das sollt Ihr mir nicht zweimal sagen! Ich denke mir, wie viel es nützt; Grau, teurer Freund, ist alle Theorie, und grün des Lebens goldner Baum") ● Hier geht's zu Goethe, Faust, "Der Tragödie 1. Teil", Szene im Studierzimmer. Ein Manuskript kann zum eigenen Nachdenken, Interpretieren (Hermeneutik) und Untersuchen anregen. Wegen der interdisziplinären Vielfalt ist keine wissenschaftliche Ausgewogenheit möglich. Das Geschriebene kann im kritischen, vernünftigen Interpretieren zu codiertem Wissen, zu Herausgelesenen, zu Erfahrenem werden (s. Mitterstraß) und kann dann beitragen zu einer Bildung, wie es Vaclav Havel ausdrückt und bedingt Sinn vermitteln, wie ihn Rainer Maria Rilke meint: Vaclav Havel: Bildung ist die Fähigkeit, die verborgenen Zusammenhänge zwischen Phänomenen wahrzunehmen. Hochschulrektorenkonverenz: Leonardo da In der Vinci (15.4.1452- Informationsgesellschaft 2.5.1519, werden sich Methoden und beschäftigte sich Techniken mit nahezu allen der Erzeugung, Verbreitung seiner Zeit und bekannten Vermittlung von Wissen Wissensbereichen grundlegend ändern. uomo universale, Maler, Bildhauer, Jürgen Mitterstraß (über Architekt, den Landschafts- Verlust des Wissens, gestaltungen, Konstanz 1992): Kunsttheoretiker, Information darf nicht an Kartographie, die Stelle des Naturforscher, Nachdenkens und der Anatomie, Urteilskraft treten. Biologie, Urteilskraft lässt sich nicht Geologie, lernen Hydrologie, oder lehren, sie muss Aerologie, Optik erfahren werden. und Mechanik, Wissen entsteht erst aus der Strömungs- im eigenen forschung, Kontext verstandenen Vogelflug, Information. Ingenieur: Festungsanlagen, Rainer Maria Rilke: Bewegungs- und Wo sich langsam aus dem Hebel-gesetzen, Schon-Vergessen, Stech-heber, einst Erfahrenes sich uns Druckpumpen, entgegenhebt, Seildreh- und rein gemeistert, milde, Bohr-maschinen, unermessen Drehbänke, und im Unantastbaren Brennspiegel, erlebt: Spinn- und Tuchscher- Dort beginnt das Wort, wie maschinen, wir es meinen, Fallschirme, seine Geltung übertrifft uns Taucherglocken, still - Kräne, denn der Geist, der uns Schleudern ) vereinsamt, will völlig sicher sein, uns zu vereinen. Mensch und Philosophie | Weltsichten | Karten der Welt | Weltsicht nach Popper | Weltsicht nach Wilber | Der Mensch | Einführung | Erkenntnistheorie | Induktiv - Deduktiv | Weltbild | Welt-Modellierung | Kategorisierung in System | Objektbezogene Systembezeichnungen | Komplexität | Weltbild-Relativierungen | Mesokosmos | Eine Auswahl von Weltbildern | Weltbild und Wirklichkeit | Metaphysik und Weltbild | Hermupolitanisches Weltbild | Antikes, anthropozentrisches Weltbild | Postmoderne | Physikalische Weltbilder | Physikalisch-Relatives Weltbild | Quantenmechanisches Weltbild | Weltbild als Information | Holistisches Weltbild | Systemologisches Weltbild | Weltbild von Weltbildern | Beispiele | Mensch im Zusammenleben | Mensch und Gesetz | Lebensalter im Recht | Mensch im GG | BGB, HGB, ... | Mensch und Physik | Mensch und Zeit | Zeit-Historie | Zeit als Mythos | Zeit im Hinduismus | Zeit im Islam | Zeit im Christentum | Zeit und Gesellschaft | Physik und Zeit | Psychologische Zeit | Ort | Mensch und Biologie | Mensch in Evolution | Mensch und Medizin | Mensch und Leben | Mensch und Psychologie | Psychotherapie | Träume | Emotion | Motivation | Stress | Mensch und Bewusstsein | Neuro-System | Kognition | Sinneseindrücke | Aufmerksamkeit | Wahrnehmung | Wahrnehmung von Farben | Akustische Wahrnehmung | Geruch Wahrnehmung | Geschmack Wahrnehmung | Wahrnehmung mit dem Tastsinn | Weitere Sinnes - Sensoren | Vorstellung | Selbstreflektion | Mensch und Philosophie Seit dem Altertum ( Platon, Aristoteles ) ist Philosophia perennis [lateinisch] durch alle Zeiten die "immer währende Philosophie". Die "ewige Philosophie" (G. W. Leibniz) entfaltet sich aus Überliefertem; für K. Jaspers ist es die Einheit und Kontinuität des faktisch lebendigen Philosophierens; für N. Hartmann das rein sachhingegebene Problemdenken; die scholastische Philosophie berücksichtigt die theologische Tradition; Schiller sprach von der Religion hinter den Religionen. Heutige Philosophen stützen sich meist mehr auf das verfügbare Wissen als auf ein endgültiges Dogma. Vom 6.Jh. v.Chr. bis zum 16.Jh. bestand die Philosophie des Abendlandes aus 2 Hauptrichtungen: ● der Erkenntnis der Natur und ● der menschlichen Lebensführung Die Philosophie hat keine exakten Grenzen. Ab dem 17.Jh. wurde die moralische Behandlung der menschlichen Lebensführung der Religion überlassen. Die Erkenntnis der Natur wurden von den Wissenschaften behandelt. Philosophen beschäftigen sich mit grundlegenden Fragen (wie der Metaphysik): Was ist der Mensch? Anthropologie Anthropologie ist die Lehre von den Eigenschaften und Verhaltensweisen des Menschen. Jeder Mensch fragt sich ( mehr oder minder oberflächlich ) in seinem Leben: Wer bin ich eigentlich? Schnelle Antworten ( wie z.B. "mein Körper", "mein Denken und Fühlen", "mein Wesen", "mein Ich", usw. ) sind nicht vollständig und können in tiefere Schichten des Bewusstseins führen. "Ich bin mein ..." deutet auf etwas, das zu "mir" gehört und das anzeigt, dass dies nicht mein Innerstes und Wesenhaftes ist. Existiere ich auch ohne vollständigen Körper, Denken, Ich, usw.? Wer bin ich dann? In der modernen Philosophie ( z.B. Popper ) werden ( wegen der unvollkommenen Bestimmung der Entität ) sog. "Was ist ..."-Fragen ( Quidditas ) vermieden. Was soll ich tun? Ethik Bereits für Heraklid, Fragmente B40 und 129, war Gelehrtheit nicht ausreichend, um weise zu sein; Weisheit hat einen praktischen Wert, Philosophie ist eine integrale Metamorphose der Lebensweise, die zu Wohl und Glück führen soll. Wahrheit umfasst das Verstehen der Welt. Sokrates, Platon, Aristoteles erweitern im 4. und 5. Jh.v.Chr. den Begriff der Weisheit um den Theorie-Begriff. Wissen und Weisheit sind nun nicht mehr eins. Wissen soll zu Weisheit führen. Dies "endet" im 17.Jh und mit Spinozas. Zur Ethik gehören: Sitte, Brauch, Gewohnheit, Moral, Gesinnung, ethisch-sittlichen Normen des Handelns, Wertethik, Erfolgsethik, Solidarität, den eigenen oder den allgemeinen Nutzen, Eudämonismus, Hedonismus, Glückseligkeit Was kann ich wissen? Metaphysik Metaphysik ist das, "was hinter der Natur steht". Eine reine Objektivierung geht von einem implizit ( auf höherer kognitiven Ebene ) vorhandenen Subjekt ( Beobachter ) aus. Wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisgewinnung begrenzt den Untersuchungsraum, unterteilt in Komponenten, behandelt diese, untersucht Zusammenhänge, beschreibt, modelliert, prüft Vorhersagen, verbessert. Wissenschaft kann Sachverhalte mit hohem Vertrauengrad demonstrieren. Was darf ich hoffen? Religion Religiosität ist ein Phänomen, das auf den letzten Sinn des Menschen ausgerichtet ist. Spirituelle Fachleute ( Brahmanen, Priester, Gurus, usw. ) deuten und erklären das Sein durch Interpretation von Offenbarungen ( Heilversprechungen, Leben nach demTod, Vernichtung des Leiden, Heilung der Seele, ewiges Heil, usw. ), möchten führen und können zu "Gott-nahen/fernen Gruppen-Klassifizierungen" führen ( z.B. Kastenwesen, Hinduismus, can. ). Was können Menschen ( in sich selbst ) erfahren/wissen ( z.B. über sich selbst, den eigenen Tod, über das Sein, über das Leben, über das Bewusstsein, die Wahrheit, über das Organisationsprinzip der Psyche, usw. )? Was verbindet/unterscheidet den Menschen von anderen Lebewesen? Wird die Formenmannigfaltigkeit des Lebendigen einmal durch wenige, klare Prinzipien erklärbar sein? Was am Menschen weist über das menschliche Vernunftwesen hinaus? Wie weit wird die Erkenntnistheorie die kognitiven, kulturellen und moralischen Leistungen des Menschen erklären können (evolutionstheoretisch, kosmologisch, geochronologisch, biologisch, physiologisch, ethologisch, epistemologisch, ökologisch, soziobiologisch, mental, neurobiologisch, systemologisch)? Das Wort "Gnosis" (spätantike religiöse dualistische Erlösungsbewegungen) kommt aus dem Griechischen und bedeutet "Wissen", "Erkenntnis" (die Grenze der Erfahrung überschreitend, verborgen, geheim, übersinnlich, übernatürlich, transzendent). Nach Theodotos (Gnostiker), der eine Anleitung zum richtigen Verständnis solchen Wissens hinterlassen hat, sind die wichtigsten Leitmotive in den folgenden Was-Wo-Wohin-Wie-Fragen enthalten: ● Was waren wir einst und was sind wir geworden? ● Wo waren wir ursprünglich und wohin sind wir geworfen? ● Wohin eilen wir und woraus werden wir erlöst? ● Wie werden wir geboren und wie werden wir wiedergeboren? Theresia von Avila ( 1515-1582 ) hat sich mit dem Weg nach Innen befasst: Viel Elend und Verwirrung kommen daher, dass wir durch eigene Schuld uns selbst nicht verstehen und nicht wissen, wer wir sind. Ist es nicht eine schreckliche Unwissenheit, wenn wir keine Antwort wissen auf die Fragen: wer wir sind, wer unsere Eltern sind und aus welchem Lande wir kommen? Der Austausch, die Kombination und Verwertung von Informationen aus bibliografischen Datenbanken ( ab 1970, Internet ab 1990 ) führten zur Informationsethik, zur Netzethik, Cyberethik, Computerethik, Medienethik. Die Informationsethik behandelt die realen Möglichkeiten
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