Assassinations and Murder in Modern Italy
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Italian and Italian American Studies Stanislao G. Pugliese Hofstra University Series Editor This publishing initiative seeks to bring the latest scholarship in Italian and Italian American history, literature, cinema, and cultural studies to a large audience of specialists, general readers, and students. I&IAS will feature works on modern Italy (Renaissance to the present) and Italian American culture and society by established scholars as well as new voices in the academy. This endeavor will help to shape the evolving fields of Italian and Italian American Studies by re-emphasizing the connection between the two. The following editorial board of esteemed senior scholars are advisors to the series editor. REBECCA WEST JOHN A. DAVIS University of Chicago University of Connecticut FRED GARDAPHÉ PHILIP V. CANNISTRARO† Stony Brook University Queens College and the Graduate School, CUNY JOSEPHINE GATTUSO HENDIN VICTORIA DeGRAZIA New York University Columbia University ALESSANDRO PORTELLI Università di Roma “La Sapienza” Queer Italia: Same-Sex Desire in Italian Literature and Film edited by Gary P. Cestaro July 2004 Frank Sinatra: History, Identity, and Italian American Culture edited by Stanislao G. Pugliese October 2004 The Legacy of Primo Levi edited by Stanislao G. Pugliese December 2004 Italian Colonialism edited by Ruth Ben-Ghiat and Mia Fuller July 2005 Mussolini’s Rome: Rebuilding the Eternal City Borden W. Painter Jr. July 2005 Representing Sacco and Vanzetti edited by Jerome H. Delamater and Mary Anne Trasciatti September 2005 Carlo Tresca: Portrait of a Rebel Nunzio Pernicone October 2005 Italy in the Age of Pinocchio: Children and Danger in the Liberal Era Carl Ipsen April 2006 The Empire of Stereotypes: Germaine de Staël and the Idea of Italy Robert Casillo May 2006 Race and the Nation in Liberal Italy, 1861-1911: Meridionalism, Empire, and Diaspora Aliza S. Wong October 2006 Women in Italy, 1946-1960: An Interdisciplinary Study edited by Penelope Morris October 2006 A New Guide to Italian Cinema Carlo Celli and Marga Cottino-Jones November 2006 Debating Divorce in Italy: Marriage and the Making of Modern Italians, 1860-1974 Mark Seymour December 2006 Human Nature in Rural Tuscany: An Early Modern History Gregory Hanlon March 2007 The Missing Italian Nuremberg: Cultural Amnesia and Postwar Politics Michele Battini September 2007 Assassinations and Murder in Modern Italy: Transformations in Society and Culture edited by Stephen Gundle and Lucia Rinaldi October 2007 Assassinations and Murder in Modern Italy Transformations in Society and Culture Edited by Stephen Gundle and Lucia Rinaldi Assassinations and Murder in Modern Italy Copyright © Stephen Gundle and Lucia Rinaldi, 2007. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 978-1-4039-8391-6 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quo- tations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS. Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-53944-4 ISBN 978-0-230-60691-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230606913 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Scribe Inc. First edition: October 2007 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Contributors vii Introduction 1 Stephen Gundle and Lucia Rinaldi Part I Fascism and Anti-Fascism 1 Revisiting an Assassination: The Death of Carlo Rosselli 11 Stanislao G. Pugliese 2 Fascists and Fetishes: Clara Petacci and the Masochistic Scene 23 Elizabeth Leake 3 What Does It Matter if You Die? The Seven Cervi Brothers 33 Philip Cooke Part II State Killings 4 Rosi’s Il caso Mattei: Making the Case for Conspiracy 47 Mary P. Wood 5 The Death of Giuseppe Pinelli: Truth, Representation, Memory 59 John Foot 6 The Genoa G8 and the Death of Carlo Giuliani 73 Duncan McDonnell Part III The Moro Affair 7 The Moro Affair: Interpretations and Consequences 89 Tobias Abse 8 From History to Mystery: The Parliamentary Inquiries into 101 the Kidnapping and Murder of Aldo Moro, 1979–2001 David Moss Part IV Mafia Murders 9 The Murder of Emanuele Notarbartolo and the Origins 115 of the Mystique of the Mafia Salvatore Coluccello vi CONTENTS 10 Mafia and Antimafia: Sciascia and Borsellino 127 in Vincenzo Consolo’s Lo spasimo di Palermo Daragh O’Connell Part V True Crime 11 Chi l’ha vista? Reflections on the Montesi Case 141 Karen Pinkus 12 Pasolini’s Murder: Interpretation, Event 153 Narratives, and Postmodern Impegno Robert S. C. Gordon 13 Making a Killing: The “Monster of Florence” 167 and the Trial(s) of Pietro Pacciani Ellen Nerenberg 14 Fashion Victims: The Gucci and Versace Murders 181 Stephen Gundle and Lucia Rinaldi 15 Between True Crime and Fiction: 193 The World of Carlo Lucarelli Giuliana Pieri Part VI The Legacy of Anarchism 16 The Anarchist Assassin and Italian History, 1870s to 1930s 207 Carl Levy 17 Failed Assassins and Anti-Heroes in Lina 223 Wertmüller’s Amore e anarchia Dana Renga Index 235 Contributors Tobias Abse is Lecturer in History at Goldsmiths College (University of London) and the author of many articles on Italian history and politics. Salvatore Coluccello is Senior Lecturer in Italian Studies at Coventry University. He is currently preparing a book on the image of the Sicilian Mafia. Philip Cooke is Senior Lecturer in Italian at Strathclyde University (Glasgow). He is the author of Italian Resistance Writing (1997) and Fenoglio’s Binoculars, Johnny’s Eyes (2000). John Foot is Professor of Italian History at University College London. His books include Modern Italy (2003) and Milan Since the Miracle (2001). Robert Gordon is University Senior Lecturer in Italian at Cambridge University and author of Pasolini: Forms of Subjectivity (1996) and Primo Levi’s Ordinary Virtues (2001). Stephen Gundle is Professor of Film and Television Studies at Warwick University. He is the author of Between Hollywood and Moscow: The Italian Communists and the Challenge of Mass Culture 1943–91 (2000) and Bellissima: Feminine Beauty and the Idea of Italy (2007), and co-author of The Glamour System (2006)and Mass Culture and Italian Society from Fascism to the Cold War (2007). Elizabeth Leake is Associate Professor of Italian at Rutgers University. She is the author of The Reinvention of Ignazio Silone (2003). Carl Levy is Reader in European Politics at Goldsmiths College (University of London). He is author of Gramsci and the Anarchists (1999) and editor of Italian Regionalism (1996). Duncan McDonnell is Dottorando di ricerca at the Department of Political Studies, University of Turin. He has recently published on Italian local politics and the Lega Nord and is the co-editor (with Daniele Albertazzi) of Twenty-first Century Populism: The Spectre of Western European Democracy (Palgrave Macmillan, 2007). David Moss is Professor of Anthropology at the State University of Milan. His best- known book is The Politics of Left-Wing Violence in Italy 1969–84 (1989). Ellen Nerenberg is Associate Professor of Romance Languages and Literatures at Wesleyan University and author of Prison Terms: Representing Confinement dur- ing and after Italian Fascism (2001). Daragh O’Connell is completing a PhD on Sicilian literature at Strathclyde University (Glasgow) and is a temporary lecturer in Italian at University College, Dublin. viii CONTRIBUTORS Giuliana Pieri is Senior Lecturer in Italian at Royal Holloway (University of London). She is author of The Influence of Pre-Raphaelitism on fin-de-siècle Italy (2006) and several articles on Italian detective fiction. Karen Pinkus is Professor of French, Italian, and Comparative Literature at the University of Southern California. She is author of Bodily Regimes: Italian Advertising under Fascism (1995) and The Montesi Scandal (2003). Stanislao Pugliese is Professor of History at Hofstra University and author of Carlo Rosselli: Socialist Heretic and Anti-Fascist Exile (1999). He has also edited vol- umes on Italian fascism and anti-fascism, the Jews of Italy, and Frank Sinatra. Dana Renga is Assistant Professor of Italian at Ohio State University. She is cur- rently preparing a book on gender and space in Italian cinema. Lucia Rinaldi has recently completed her PhD at Royal Holloway (University of London) on postmodernism and identity in contemporary Italian crime fic- tion. She has published articles on popular fiction and television adaptations of detective fiction. She is at present a Teaching Fellow in Italian at the University of Exeter. Mary Wood is Reader in European Cinema at Birkbeck College (University of London) and author of Italian Cinema (2005). Introduction Stephen Gundle and Lucia Rinaldi ontemporary Italian history has been marked by an extraordinary C series of murders. The assassination of King Umberto in 1900 by an anarchist marked a murderous reaction against what was seen as a brutal and repressive state. Although no other head of state has been murdered, many political figures have been the victims of assassination or attempted assassination. Perhaps the most famous murder of a political figure has been the killing of former Prime Minister Aldo Moro by the Red Brigades in 1978. Opponents of the government have also been frequent victims, from Giacomo Matteotti and Carlo Rosselli under fascism to the student Carlo Giuliani, who was shot by a policeman during the G8 protests in Genoa in 2001. Few killings in Italy, especially political murders, are com- pletely clear in their causes and motives.