WILFRED TIIESIGER: OKURUNDAN KA<=AMAYAN Gezgin

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WILFRED TIIESIGER: OKURUNDAN KA<=AMAYAN Gezgin WILFRED TIIESIGER: OKURUNDAN � KA<=AMAYAN GEZGiN Prof.Dr.Bi.ilent R. BOZKURT* WILFRED THESIGER: UN VOYAGEUR QUI NE PEUT ECHAPPER A SON LECTEUR Wilfred Thesiger (1910-2003), auteur de romans classiques de voyage tels que Le desert des deserts et Les arabes des 111arais, est un voyageur, un explorateur et un aventurier connu. Thesiger decide deja dans sa jeunesse d'aller chercher panni les tribus indigenes qui menent la meme vie qu'il yades centaines d'annees, de l'aventure, de la camaraderie et de l'humanisme tout en abondonnant la civilisation et le monde encombre de la technologie. Thesiger nous apprend qu'il ne s'est jrunais vu comme un auteur ou un photographe et qu'il a toujours fuit la presse. Mais en fin de compte, ii n'a pu s'empecher de publier ses notes de voyage et ses photographies qu'il dit etre ses plus precieux objets et qu'a chaque fois qu'il les rega.rde ii revit un monde qui, a ses yeux, ne reviendra plus jamais. Le sujet de cet article est la relation qui existe entre le fait de voyager et celui de le reconstituer sur le plan fictif par le biais des livres et des photographies. Dans le processus de transmission du voyage au lecteur, l'ecrivain voyageur peut se trouver dans une situation qui est en contradiction avec son but de depart, c'est-a-dire avec la raison d'etre du voyage. Mots-des : uoyage, euasio1J., t-ribus indige11es, 11w11de passe, camaraderie, civilisation, 1-ecit de /loyage, le public lecteu1/co11sommateur. WILFRED THESIGER: A TRAVEllER WHO COULD NOT ELUDE ms READER Wilfred Thesiger, traveller extraordinary, explorer, adventurer and writer of the travel classics Tbe Arabian Sa11ds and 'flnMars/J .Arabs, resolved, from the early years of his life, to abandon civilization, escape from the crowded world of technological "progress," in search of cl1allenge, adventure, and comradeship runong unadministered tribes in unknown lands. He says he has never thought of himself as an author and a photographer, ru1d has always despised mass media. However, eventually he could not help writing about his travels and * Bilkent Universitesi, ingiliz Dili ve Edebiyau Bi:ili.imi.i bgretim Oyesi, insani Bili ml er ve Eclebiyat Faki.iltesi Dekam. e-mail: [email protected] Bu yaz1, 25 �ubat 1999 tarihincle, istanbul Oniversitesi, Edebiyat Faktiltesi, I. Ak§it Gi:ikti.irk Anma Toplant1s1'ncla sunulan bilclirinin geni§letilmi§ metniclir. 227 I publishing his photographswhich he calls . "MY most chenshed poss among these photographs ess, 1on· ,, . When •. ' he acids ' he "Ii . he brolV ves once more m a vanished ses c 1 Th.is paper u world". s ggests that there is a distinctive demek olabile egi gibi, varhgm12 pa§ka bir boyutta siirdiirmeniz, ya da clivicling line betw e of travel,. and transmitting �n the exp that experience to erience rkac;; diizlemde birden varolman& anlamma da gelebilir. photographs. the c on�u�er public bi Because e via books an c as a r sult of this ac t c I . o f transm1ttmg the r compeJI ed to defeat t ave JIer Belki de bu en sonun usu en sik goriilen omek. Diinyanm en biiyiik his original purpose which . might b ' is wha t happ ens m e Key wor e Thesiger's . els: trav l, escape , 1.111admi1tist . case. roman yazarlarmdan biri olan Tolstoy, daha sonra, ic;;indeba§tan beri var . ered tribes' va1t,sbe civzliza ott, e ct wal. .let, com h trav l writing, readi1tg/co11sumi11gp ractesbij;, n baz1 egilim ve yatkmhklarm da etkisiyle, bir §eyh ya da hoca gibi ublic. ola c c vaazlar da vermeye ba§lad1. Bu arada, yarat1 1 yazarhgm yanmda edebi P� asso, insanlann resme baki§lanndan degerlendirme ve ele§tiri alanlanna da el att1. Ancak, romanlarmda insan yakmarak § 6 . a§ c resm1 1 1 1 yle diyo r. "H anlamak istiyor. Peki ku§ erkes ruhunun derinliklerini, insan davrant§larmm kann ikl1gm1 usta a gozler c l ann c vtlt sm anlamak isteyen . ins�ar ge eyi, <;;ic;;ekleri, ruye YOk? oniine seren bu yazar, gerc;;ek ya§amda insana o kadar da iyi kilavuzluk c;;evrelerindeki heqeyi 1 1 seVIyorlar. c 1 anlama ya <;;alt§m Arna resme gelin . a adan edemedi. Yarat c1 yazarhktaki dehas1 onun ayru zamanda iyi bir ele§tirmen ic e i'--; d eg1§- yor; onu r . 1 i anlamak zorund P asso hakl1. 1 . al . " olmas1111 saglayamad1. m ' yoksa yanl §_ m d .. 1 1 Im U§Unuyor. ? Baki§ ac;;1srna b belli ki' tart1§ az . 1 agl . Ama b.trdogruyu - dile get"um1y Arna Tolstoy, ayn diizlemlerde, usta bir roman ve hikaye yazar1; or, _s k sik kendisini de c 1 rahats12 eden bir §eye deginiyo 1 rinden guven vermeyen bir din ho as1, siradan bir ele§tirmen olarak varhg m r. S anat ve edeb yat iiriinlerini d egerlendirme- . alg tl ama v 1 ac;;ismdanoneml 1 b.tr e siirdiirdii. Tolstoy goniillii olarak, "Neden yaz1yorum nastl yaz1yorum, . i nokt a bu. Belki de birka · kend1sme hie;; <;;g u· n sonra, sorulmad gi hald e, b.tr. resmmde . ne demek istiyorum," gibi sorulara da, roman ve hikaye yazarhg1 kadar ne demek isted· -· . c uzun ac;;iklami§t.tr. 1gm1 uzun ag1rhkl1 bir ugra§ olarak evap vermeye adad1 kendini. c Anla§tlan Pi c asso, "Bu ne demek," ve . Gezginlere en sik sorulan - gezginlerin de evap vermekten en c;;ok · Ya "Bu resimle ne a 1 istedin,". g1· b·I soru1 arda . nlatmak n bikm1§. H e1·1 1 ald e, ozel. stkild1klar - sorulardan biri, "Niye Geziyorsunuz?" sorusu. Gerc;;ihemen donemlerinde likle sanatc;;tligmm ilk , bu sorularm ark asm da her yazar/gezgin, bu sorudan yakinmakla birlikte daha sonra notlarmda . c yatan, kendi resim tarz1yl "Neden,.1. N e d en . a ilgili . boyle a ayip resimler yap1yorsun veya kitabmda aym konuyu irdelemekten kendini alamaz, ama ben, al1§11\. oldugumuz !1 da, bizim gor.. meye c §e er yapm1yorsu c;; gezginligi yadirgamak bir yana, bir tiirarayt§ ve ma era hevesinin, kendi . 1 n?" somsuna da 1§. c <;u . nkii onun . olduk a sinirlenm. 1§1, ugra§ , hedefi, .. c hayal gii iiniin derinliklerini yoklama isteginin, bilinmeyene kar§I merak resim Ya P mak ' bu 1 vermek . i tur sorulara evap deg-il · Ama Ins an1 ar s12d i duygusunun, ba§kalarmm yapmad1gm yapma, kendini tehlike, zoduk c en ' yap t gma- 1§· 1 e bilmedig- _ ' 1 r baglanttl gordiikleri iniz ' an1 atamaya agm12 � .... i ve engellere kar§t smama ve bu yollarla varhgm1 ya§ama ve kamtlama Im 1 h"r b• zaman. 1 o ad . 1 r c anlatma I"dd · asmda gm12 §eyleri sorabil.trer. 1 ic_:;giidiisiiniingec;;erliligine inand gtm ic_:;in, herkesin niye yola dii§medigini . yo uklugunuzu- , ail en12. gec;;mt§inizi, gbrii§lerinizi 1 , eg1ttmm1Z1,- ' oze.. 1 ya§am . 1 1 merak eder ve nastl yerinde oturabildigine §a§anm. Yani bir gezginin, m12 , "karaktenn:lZ· ," ki r-· .. c c c ya§am felsefenizi sor l . �- gm1_ 2 , "Niye geziyorsunuz?" sorusuna verebile egi bir evap ben e "Siz niye an an u§turabilirler. Sizin . s . bir yonunuzden. -omegin atlillZd - etkil erup s12e . gezmiyorsunuz?" olabilir. Arna tabii, onun gibi dii§iinmeyenler bu bu- "Guru" ya da c c Sizden "".,,ey h" muamelesi yapabilirler ' nastl ya"amal-; an gere k . evapla yetinmeye eklerdir. Hele bu gezgin c;;ok iinlii bir ka§if olmu§sa tigine ' varol U§Un an l amrna c k1lavuzluk bekleyebilirler 1 . ili§kin ve gezileriyle ma eralarm1, tiiriinde klasikle§mi§ kitaplara dokmii§se ... 1 . D a 1as1, s12 de c . yandarak bunlara evap vermeye c;;al §abilirs1. mz. .tr c c Gerc;;ekten bild . Gezginligin, bir gun kap1dan c;;1ktp (uzun bir sure) donmemenin, . iginiz i§ i b akiP, . 1 ama sizi yii elte . bilmed1gm1- 2, ek gib'1 gorunen. I§e kalki§abilirsiniz. "kac:; §'' olarak nitelendirilmesi de olumsuz yonde ahnmayabilir. insanlar Bu sizin ic;;inintihar 228 siradanliktan, piyonluktan, tekdiizelikten, yadirgadtklan degerlerden, 229 r r nin t ii ki aym §eyler degil, bi bi i a e e e en e ne e ece e en e n n e e e gezi edebiyat1 okumak ab k bul dilm m kt , v bili m y k, b lki k dil ri i d tam oIar ak Gezm kl � . nan ama ayn diizlemlerde, . t birbiriyle baglanu an bulu b1lemed1klen §eylerden kac;1yor olabilirler-' bilinmeyenin Pe§ine yerini de tu maz; n ezgin ve ka§if .. an a§anttlar" · bunlar. Ya i, g du§mey1, arkalannda biraktiklar1 bilinene yegleyebilirler. ayn boyutlarda var ol "y e i Bireylerin i o yetindigi dogru d g l. ayanm "koltuk gezgin " lmakla z an a aca a ar a o ar e a otam Kimi am da y p g1 i§i ins n, f kmd l ak v y olmayar en asit cevaplar, ak i i ilk anda akla gel b vram§ · nedenleriyle ilg l en i e r e t a e le n a e r da e k d s c;miyor; ug a§ -v ha t m s k- i s m s -:,-riyo Kikuk-:,- ya§ta n ekli olu§Uffi halind · n e e eler ve yargtlar, insaru sur stntflandirmalar, nit l m itibaren vaktinin c;ogunu kitap okumakla ge-:,-riren ' ailesinde de a yn1 ozard1 etmek oluyor. olan karma§tk diinyasm1 g egilimlerin varoldugu ki§inin sonunda kendini edebiyat kariyeri ya p1yor i erlerdeki ed Thesiger'a da gittig y irigiliz gezgin ve ka§ifl Wilfr bulmas1 gibi. Ya da, Afrika yerlileri arasmda, ilkel bir ortamda onlar a gibi neden ba§mt ahp yollar rdugu sorulardan biri, insanlarm en stk so ya§ayarak, onlann ya§am miicadelesine tamk olarak, siirekli av, sava§ ve a a Irak'ta sazhk Araplart ar smd i.igii ve ozellikle oralara geldigi.
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