Vol. 48, No. 1 January 2019

Newsof the lHistoryetter of Science Society Table of Contents

HSS’s New Book Review Editor, HSS’s New Book Review Editor, Projit Mukharji Projit Mukharji 1 [Editor Note: We invited Projit to introduce himself as Isis’s Book Review Editor, effective 1 July 2019. On the Origin of Orchid 3 Readers of the Newsletter may wish to refer back to Alexandra (Alix) Hui’s (rhymes with Dewey) and Massimo Mazzotti on the Genoa Matt Lavine’s article in the July 2018 Newsletter.] Science Festival 6

Let me begin by thanking Alix and Matt for inviting the despair, and the thrills that Diplomatic Studies of Science: me to be the Book Review Editor for Isis. I first came go into writing an academic The Nuclear Diplomacies to truly appreciate the academic book review in the book. A good review in my Workshop in Japan and Greece 5 Fall of 1999. It was my first semester as a Master’s view must always begin with Member News 13 student at the Jawaharlal Nehru University in New an appreciation of that—an In Memoriam: Adolf Grünbaum 23 Delhi. Keen to earn my academic spurs, I had just admiration for what has been accomplished and the written a rather precocious and needlessly critical hurdles that have been overcome. News from the Profession 25 review of an aging classic in the field for a class That said, most academic authors also crave assignment. My professor, Majid Hayat Siddiqi, called honest feedback. Unfortunately, such feedback me into his office to talk about the assignment. Instead has increasingly become as scarce as hen’s teeth. of going into details about my review, however, he Overworked and over-professionalized as we all are started explaining to me the difficulties of historical today, we seldom have the time or the candor to give research and publication. In his own roundabout honest, detailed feedback to even our best friends. It way, before I knew it, he had me sympathizing with seems unfair that after an author has invested so much the travails of would-be authors. At the end of our intellectual and emotional energy into a book, that she conversation, which had touched upon many things still must struggle to find out what her community but not my review per se, he insisted, “you have to of peers really thinks about the book. This is why I appreciate how much it takes to write a book before disagree with many of my good friends who tell me you review it. It is easy to criticize a book but much that the age of the standard 800-to-1000-word review more difficult to write one.” I came away that day has passed. I strongly believe that the review remains feeling more than a bit ashamed for having savaged a crucial mechanism for the heartfelt appreciation of the fading classic. Having now written two books an author’s achievements, as well as a forum through myself, I feel I have a better sense of the challenges, which to convey our honest feedback including

Continued on Page 2 History of Science Society Newsletter HSS’s New Book Review Editor, Projit Mukharji, cont. History of Science Society Executive Office legitimate criticisms. At the risk of sounding I would also love to hear from you any History of Science Society hackneyed, doing the book reviews right is suggestions that you might have to make the 440 Geddes Hall University of Notre Dame our way of continuing to recognize, honor, book reviews more pertinent, more useful, Notre Dame, IN 46556 and participate in the scholarly lives of our and more readable. I am particularly keen Phone: 574-631-1194; Fax: 574-631-1533 E-mail: [email protected] intellectual peers. on developing conversations across sub- Web site: http://www.hssonline.org/ disciplinary specializations, to find points of Today as our field expands both geographically Subscription Inquiries common interest that might connect a historian University of Chicago Press and methodologically, the reviews have become Phone: 877-705-1878; Fax 877-705-1879 one of the few ways in which we can remain of biology with a historian of physics, or a E-mail: [email protected] medieval Europeanist with a modern Africanist. Or write: University of Chicago Press, part of a common intellectual community and Subscription Fulfillment Manager, PO Box speak across proliferating silos. Book reviews, My ambition is to think of book reviews as a 37005, Chicago, IL 60637-7363 for instance, can provide a window for a calling card that will introduce work in one sub- Moving? field to another, while still providing feedback Please notify both the HSS Executive Office and historian of Chinese astronomy into the history the University of Chicago Press. of American cybernetics. It can offer the scholar that is cogent and informed. Editorial Policies, Advertising and Submissions of German romanticism a chance to assess a As a scholar educated on two different The History of Science Society Newsletter is published in January, April, July, and October, piece of information she has found in a book on continents and having taught now on three, I and sent to all individual members of the Society. colonial Iberian science. am also keenly aware of the need to speak across The Newsletter is edited and published in the academic cultures. And, more importantly, I am Executive Office. The format and editorial policies This is the reason I agreed to take on this job. are determined by the Executive Director in But I am also well aware of the challenges that committed to conducting such conversations consultation with the Society Editor. All advertising in a serious, respectful, and meaningful way copy must be submitted in electronic form. lie ahead. Given the breadth of the field, it Advertisements are accepted on a space-available is impossible for me or anyone else to know rather than indulging in patronizing tokenisms. basis only, and the Society reserves the right not Here again, the way books are reviewed, whom to print a submission. The rates are as follows: Full of ideal potential reviewers in every sub-field page (10 x 7”), $625; Horizontal or Vertical Half by themselves. Even if one finds the perfect they are sent to, and where, can do much. It is page (5 x 7”), $375; Quarter page (5 x 3.5”), $225. simply not enough to review books published in The deadline for insertion orders is six weeks prior reviewer, convincing a scholar to make time to the month of publication and should be sent to for writing a review in the midst of a busy multiple academic niches. We must endeavor to [email protected]. Please send photographs in a do it in a way that does not reproduce dividing jpeg format, with a maximum size of 1024 pixels and schedule would be yet another challenge. These file size of 1 MB to maintain quality during sizing and challenges have, perhaps, always been the lines and appear tokenistic. printing. The deadline for news, announcements, and job/fellowship/prize listings is firm: four weeks lot of review editors, but with an expanding, All this might seem like a tall order, but I am prior to the month of publication. Long items ever more diverse field, they have increased hopeful that with all your support and help, (feature stories) should be submitted eight weeks prior to the month of publication. Please send all manifold. There is no way to overcome these we, as a society of peers, might achieve a lot material to the attention of the Executive Office: without craving all your indulgences. together. I am excited at the road that lies ahead [email protected]. Continued on Page 3 © 2019 by the History of Science Society 2 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter cont. On the Origin of Orchid Projit Mukharji, by Jim Endersby and hope you will join me in both sustaining and growing the book reviews in the years to come. I picked up a copy of Stephen Jay Gould’s collection Hen’s Teeth and Horses Toes (1983), ………… on the recommendation of an old friend and Projit Bihari Mukharji is an Associate was hooked immediately. I loved Gould’s Professor in the History & Sociology of Science characteristic trick of beginning with a tiny, department at the University of Pennsylvania. apparently insignificant detail. He would then He received his PhD from the University of contextualize and analyze, explaining and London and taught in the UK and Canada, clarifying, but never over-simplifying. When he before joining UPenn. Mukharji is interested pulled back from that initial tightly framed close- in the interactions between different scientific up, it was usually to reveal a vast vista of time— traditions in modern and early modern South geological, evolutionary or historical—giving his Asia. He has authored two monographs, viz. reader the chance, as William Blake put it, “To Nationalizing the Body: The Medical Market, see a world in a grain of sand.” Print and Daktari Medicine (London, 2009) and Doctoring Traditions: Ayurveda, Small Under Gould’s influence, I returned to university Technologies and Braided Sciences (Chicago, and studied to become an academic historian, 2016). Email: [email protected] but tried never to write like one. As a student, Jim Endersby (right) receiving the Davis Prize from I often felt that some academics made a virtue HSS President Bernie Lightman of complexity by burying their insights under temptations are there to be resisted (especially mountains of impenetrable jargon. Whereas the when you have two overdue book projects writers I admired made complex subjects clear, so already underway). Fortunately, the publisher I’ve done my best to emulate them. had included a list of the plants and authors who A few years ago a publisher invited me to write had already committed to the project, which gave a short book for a series on plants. Each book me a way out. I wrote back to say I was flattered was to take a genus or family of plants and and would, of course, have loved to contribute, explore its significance, from its biology and but sadly the only plants I could imagine writing natural history, to its mythological, artistic and about were orchids and they had already signed cultural meanings. As botany has been central to someone up to write about them. much of my research, I was very tempted, but

3 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter On the Origin of Orchid, cont.

Why orchids? Three reasons initially: Sidney owning a greenhouse stuffed with them, concurs: trifling detail” of each orchid’s structure was “the Poitier, Raymond Chandler and Charles “They are nasty things. Their flesh is too much result of the direct interposition of the Creator” Darwin—each of whom had fueled my passion like the flesh of men. And their perfume has the (Darwin, 1860: 2). At some point, I knew I for these flowers. Poitier’s movie In the Heat rotten sweetness of a prostitute.” The association wanted to know more about Darwin’s orchids. of the Night (dir. Norman Jewison, 1967) between orchids, sex and death, is an ancient one features an amazing scene in which the suave in Western cultures, but has never been made Yet, despite my various reasons for being and cultured big city cop, Virgil Tibbs (Poitier) more vividly or memorably than by Chandler. fascinated by orchids, I wrote back to the confronts Eric Endicott (Larry Gates), an elderly, publisher and declined. Assuring them that that I white embodiment of the racist South—and a I can’t remember when or how I first became would really have loved to contribute, but it was passionate orchid grower. The two face-off in interested in Darwin, but it was Gould’s essay orchids or nothing. “Worm for a Century, and All Seasons” that first Endicott’s orchid house, who compares African- Six months later, I got another email; the Americans to epiphytic orchids because, “like gave me a vivid picture of Darwin at work in his garden. I became particularly fascinated by his publisher had good news—their orchid guy the Negro, they need care and feedin’ and had dropped out, so the book was mine. Not cultivatin’—and that takes time.” Orchids have greenhouse, where Darwin would experiment with climbing passion flowers and carnivorous the result I had expected, but I appeared to often been used like this, to represent a fragile, have written myself into a corner. I said yes, otherworldly luxury—hothouse flowers that sundews, and was fascinated when I learned that On persuading myself that I could somehow squeeze cannot survive without expensive attention from the first thing Darwin did after publishing the Origin of Species a ‘quick 40,000-word book’ into the list of things their wealthy keepers. The scene ends (spoiler was to produce a book on On the Various Contrivances by which I’d already undertaken. alert) with Endicott slapping Tibbs in the face— orchids ( British and Foreign Orchids are fertilised by insects, who slaps Endicott right back. (When the film Life, as it usually does, had other plans. A year and on the good effects of intercrossing was released in 1967, African-Americans in the , 1860). The later, as the Orchid deadline passed (and I was audience cheered Poitier’s slap, while many white book was described by Darwin’s friend Asa Gray thinking it was about time I began work on the patrons sat in stunned silence.) as a “flank movement” on the ‘enemy’ of natural book), I was diagnosed with cancer, which was theology, which interpreted natural phenomena not much fun. (In fact, as I was diagnosed with Raymond Chandler also used an orchid house for like the mutual dependence of flowers and insects bowel cancer, I feel entitled to say it was a pain the opening scene of his first novel, The Big Sleep upon one another as proof of God’s benevolence. in the arse.) However, cancer turned out to be (1939). When his detective hero, Philip Marlowe, Darwin, by contrast, tried to persuade his readers less awful than I’d expected. I was tired and (as first meets his elderly client, General Sternwood that explanations based on natural selection, my wife, Pam Thurschwell, will happily attest) asks Marlowe if he likes orchids, and the private were every bit “as interesting” as the explanations unbearably grumpy, but it didn’t kill me. The eye replies “not particularly.” The General, despite offered by those who were convinced that “every nausea wasn’t too bad and I didn’t lose my hair. I

4 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter On the Origin of Orchid, cont. managed to keep teaching (thanks to the support of Chicago Press, who loved it but added the hatch first and begin searching for females. Since of my colleagues at the University of Sussex), four most dangerous words one can write to an early hatching increases the male’s chances of but found it impossible to write—the tiredness academic author, “it’s a bit short”… (When the mating with a newly hatched female, natural and anxiety made it hard to concentrate. book finally appeared it was more than double its selection has favored early hatching, so the So, while I was undergoing chemotherapy, original planned length.) males typically appear several weeks before the radiotherapy and recovering from three rounds females. The orchids have evolved to exploit this of surgery, I read about orchids. Starting with I researched the book (with Gould’s example gap, mimicking both the appearance of female Chandler (my favorite comfort reading), I then still in mind) by following orchids wherever wasps, but also their pheromones. The crafty got the hyper-intelligent, literary Pam (and her they led me, and among the many unexpected orchids lure the hapless males into attempting to hyper-intelligent, literary Facebook friends) to discoveries I made was that the cultural mate with them, after which the frustrated male recommend novels about orchids. I followed associations between orchids, sex and death flies off, covered in pollen, to the next seductive orchids from Proust to Jocelyn Brooke, back played a role in the discovery of the pollination looking orchid and tries again. The orchid gets to ancient (and fake) myths and legends. The syndrome known as pseudocopulation. Darwin itself pollinated without having to pay with flowers led me to H.G. Wells’ creepy short story had been frankly puzzled by orchid mimicry, (biologically expensive) nectar. “The Flowering of the Strange Orchid” (1894), unable to explain why such plants as the familiar Orchis apifera and that led me to a whole genre of killer orchids. bee orchid ( ) should so closely Given that this evidence was all there, right in And of course, I read orchid science, from recent resemble a bee—and equally baffled as to why it front of the ever-attentive Darwin’s eyes, why research on climate change back to Dioscorides failed to produce any nectar. Long after Darwin’s could he not see it? And why was it apparently so and Theophrastus. And I finally made time to death, three naturalists (in Algeria, Britain and obvious in the early twentieth century that three read Darwin’s little orchid book properly. Australia) independently solved the puzzle, as naturalists discovered it almost simultaneously? they realized that these orchids have evolved to The weird killer orchid stories provided the Thanks in large measure to Britain’s wonderful exploit an aspect of their pollinators’ life cycle. clue. They only began to appear after Darwin’s National Health Service, I was pronounced The pollinators of the Algerian mirror orchid botanical work had been re-interpreted for cancer-free six years ago. By the time I was finally (Orchis speculum, with which the discovery was broader, less-committed audiences. (Darwin well enough to start writing, my orchid book had first made), for example, are carnivorous wasps, himself admitted that a reader would need “a clearly burst the bounds of the series for which it who lay their eggs underground on the bodies strong taste for Natural History” to get through had originally been intended. I cut my first draft of paralyzed caterpillars (thus ensuring that his orchid book.) Writers like Grant Allen took brutally, dismayed by the amount I had to omit, their newly hatched grubs will have access to the two most appealing aspects of Darwin’s work, but could still only get it down to 59,000 words. a supply of fresh meat—a topic Gould wrote the carnivorous plants and the extraordinarily So, I sent it to Karen Darling at the University about in “Nonmoral Nature”). The male wasps complex relationships between orchids and their

5 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter On the Origin of Orchid, cont. Massimo Mazzotti on the Genoa Science Festival insect pollinators, and presented them as lively, Discovering all these details about orchids proved engaging stories of plants. His neighbor and immensely pleasurable. I had decided early on If ever there was a time to participate in the friend, H.G. Wells conflated the two into the that Orchid would simply be the book I wanted Genoa Science Festival (25 Oct.–4 Nov.), first killer orchid story, in which—as with the to write, and deliberately gave no thought to I figured, it was this year, following the numerous imitations that followed—the orchid whether there was a market for it, whose reading catastrophic collapse of a bridge in the heart was explicitly portrayed as a femme fatale, a highly lists it might appear on, and whether or not of the city last August. This was a major perfumed seductress, determined to murder men. it would advance my career (not least because infrastructural failure that caused the death of And it is surely no coincidence that Grant Allen there was a one-in-five chance that I wasn’t going 43 people and substantial material damage. also wrote The Woman Who Did (1895), whose to have any further career). I was pleased with The sudden disappearance of the 1967 cable- independent-minded female heroine, Herminia the result, but did worry that it had become so stayed motorway bridge from the skyline of the Barton, described marriage as a “system of idiosyncratic that nobody but me would ever city has left an open wound, whose practical slavery” and an “unholy thing”—and refused to want to read it. Darwin may have felt the same and symbolic significance is still in plain have sex with her lover until he promised not to anxiety, when he admitted in his orchid book sight. The city is now divided into two halves, marry her. Allen’s novel was a scandalous addition that he had described his orchids “perhaps in too connected only by secondary, highly trafficked to the genre known as the ‘New Woman’ novel, much detail…” (My tendency to keep talking roads. As a consequence, the lives of thousands which dramatized the lives of young women who long after everyone is done listening is probably of commuters have radically changed, while were increasingly independent, both financially the only thing Darwin and I have in common.) moving containers in and out of the busy port and sexually. (Wells wrote one of his own, Anne So I was incredibly delighted when HSS dispelled has become more complicated and costly. Long- Veronica, in 1909.) Following orchids around my fears by awarding the book the Watson Davis distance communications with Northern Italy persuaded me that their sexy but deadly cultural and Helen Miles Davis Prize for “the best book and France are also directly affected. Last but associations had been essential to an important for a general audience.” Any recognition from not least, an artifact that had been hailed as a scientific breakthrough. It seemed that it was one’s peers is always a great pleasure, of course, graceful symbol of technological innovation and only after orchids had helped fiction writers re- but if I were greedy (and obnoxious) enough to economic prosperity has crumbled, shuttering imagine women as sexually active seducers (with choose the prize I would have most liked to win, the hopes of a city that was already struggling their own strategies and the intelligence to pursue it would have been this one. Not least because with long-term socioeconomic problems. them), that it became possible for scientists to I feel that I’m partly repaying the debt I owe Aware of all this, I arrived in Genoa expecting a imagine orchids as having the same qualities. As to writers like Gould, as well as my debts to low-key edition of the Science Festival: I could a result, a scientific fact that had been invisible to Darwin, Chandler, Poitier and many others. not have been more wrong. The organizers— Victorians like Darwin, became obvious to the and indeed the entire city—instead turned the early-twentieth-century generation.

6 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Genoa Science Festival, cont. event into an occasion to get Genoa back on its families. And indeed, one of the distinctive traits policy makers to invest more in research and feet. Far from being scaled down, this sixteenth of this Festival is its large team of well-trained development, both nationally and in the region. edition of the Festival featured an impressive scientific instructors, about 500, most of them number and range of events: 128 public lectures graduate and undergraduate students at the local While the association and the international and roundtables, 82 laboratories for children and university. The organizers consider this group scientific committee that finalizes the program grown-ups, 28 exhibitions, 13 theatre shows, key to the ultimate success of the Festival, as are obviously key to the Festival, its success and 15 special events, distributed across 41 they keep much of it together under the banner: also depends on an association of Friends of different locations. Among them were iconic sites “discover, enjoy, learn: science changes your life.” the Festival that effectively connects its events like the Doge’s Palace, the Museum of Natural to the life of the city. This group promotes History, and the impressive Acquario—the largest The Genoa Science Festival Association was science-related events throughout the year and, aquarium in Europe—designed by Renzo Piano, established in 2003 as a non-profit organization during the Festival, it literally brings many a Genoese, on a pier of the ancient port. for “the promotion and dissemination of science of the roughly 300 invited speakers into the and technology to the general public.” Among homes of the Genoese. How is this possible? At The Festival caters to a wide spectrum of its members are the University of Genoa, the the height of its power, the Republic of Genoa visitors. This edition opened with packed Italian Institute of Technology, the National vied with Venice for the control of the major plenary sessions by Alessio Figalli, one of the Research Council, the National Institute for trading routes and was one of the main banking 2018 Fields medalists, on the theory of optimal Astrophysics, the National Institute for Nuclear centres in Europe. The city however, unlike other transport and its applications, and by Elisa Physics, the Gran Sasso Science Institute, and European capitals, did not have a site devoted Resconi, Heisenberg professor for astroparticle the Fermi Center, but also the municipality to welcoming and hosting its most notable physics at the Technical University of Munich, and the chamber of commerce of Genoa, the guests. In the sixteenth century, the senate of on gravitational waves. Recent breakthroughs local employers’ federation, and the regional the republic decided that the entire city was a in science and technology figured prominently government. Funding for the Festival is secured “republican royal palace,” and that guests would on the program, as the Festival aims to be a through an articulated system of sponsorships be allocated to families who owned palaces stage where outstanding scientists from Italy and partnerships. The association sees its (the more impressive the palace, the higher the and abroad can present and discuss their latest popularizing mission, and its support to scientific guests’ rank). Reviving this ancient tradition, research. But the Festival aims also to offer a culture, education, and research, as having an Genoese families and associations now invite the unique occasion for audiences of all ages to essential civic function: the diffusion of scientific speakers of the day to dinners that have become “experience” science through several interactive knowledge makes for “better citizens.” Through a distinctive and highly significant trait of the laboratories and hands-on exhibitions, some of the Festival, which has high media visibility Festival. which engage with pre-school children and their in Italy, the association also aims to convince

7 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Genoa Science Festival, cont.

Prominent themes in this edition were Festival heavy rain, strong winds, and rough seas I was part of a roundtable on the historical mathematics, astrophysics, medicine, robotics pummeled the city, causing extensive damage. conditions within which new ideas and gendered and disability, climate change, and sustainability. The weather conditions turned so severe that, on epistemic values emerged during the eighteenth “Debunking” and “fake news” featured in the October 29, rail traffic was suspended and all the century… ideas and values that excluded descriptions of many events, including a well- events of the Festival scheduled for the day were certain groups (women, non-white people) attended roundtable on “Deadly Bollocks.” It cancelled. And yet, by the closing day, 150,000 from the professional practice of mathematics. was fascinating to see how certain events were visitors had checked in, and 90% of the events In particular, I argued that the existential and embedded in the texture of the old city, like an had sold out. career trajectories of a few early modern women interactive exhibition on urban regeneration of science show clearly that their activity, set in a deconsecrated Gothic church, or one If the pounding rain underscored the urgency while significant, was not the beginning of a on the role of media in fostering Fascist anti- of the Genoese conversations on fragile story of emancipation. Instead, new historical Semitic propaganda, set in a nineteenth-century environments, so does the wildfire smoke that conditions for exclusion ensued after a period of synagogue. makes it impossible for me to open the window relative tolerance and participation. Historical as I write up this piece in California. How development, it turns out, is not linear, and what The Festival also featured a guest country, Israel, can historians of science contribute to such we consider fundamental conquests are in reality whose culture, science, and technology were given conversations? The Genoa Festival, like other precarious achievements, which can be contested significant space within the program. The choice, similar events devoted to public engagement and wiped out. Colleagues in roundtables and according to the organizers, fit well the theme for with science, did not feature much history, the exhibitions on the history of scientific racism the year: change. The theme was to be interpreted emphasis being, above all, on the excitement of made similar considerations. One of the many broadly, but there was a clear emphasis on discovery and “innovation.” And yet, history things that historians of science can do well is to understanding and controlling change in social of science had a foothold. For one thing, the emphasize the precariousness of our social and and natural environments. In fact, the collapse of collapse of the bridge had made dramatically clear scientific achievements. The message seems to the bridge over the summer threw the question of that maintenance and long-term considerations have resonated strongly with audiences during environmental sustainability into an even sharper should be at least as relevant as innovation. But those stormy Genoese days. relief. To many participants, “change” certainly there were also events devoted to the recognition referred to the necessity of transforming the city of the contributions of numerous female of Genoa—its infrastructural system and its scientists throughout history, and sessions on relation to a fragile territory, easily damaged and the transformation of physics in the twentieth slow to recover from abuse, natural or man-made. century. History of science can bring diversity As a further reminder of this fragility, during the and possibilities in the conversation.

8 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Diplomatic Studies of Science: The Nuclear Diplomacies Workshop in Japan and Greece by Maria Rentetzi, National Technical University of Athens From November 9 to 11, 2018 around twenty collaborations for scientists have long been a historians of science and technology accompanied constitutive and natural part of their work, by a few international studies scholars met in even in periods of intense political upheavals, to SOKENDAI, Japan to discuss what nuclear diplomats and policy makers the institutional science has to do with diplomacy. Located at the link between science and diplomacy has been heart of Miura Peninsula in Kanagawa Prefecture, fairly new. Science diplomacy has indeed evolved an hour away from Tokyo, SOKENDAI, is to become a catchy term of increasing importance a unique university as it exclusively provides that has caught the attention of both scientists graduate programs and exceptional research and politicians at the highest level. On 15 July facilities for its faculty members. Our colleague 2008 Alan I. Leshner, Chief Executive Officer Kenji Ito, who has made SOKENDAI his home of the AAAS, announced the Center for Science for the last decade, generously accepted my Diplomacy during a Congressional testimony on invitation to co-organize a two stage workshop, international science cooperation. At the time, Nuclear Diplomacies Workshop, group photo meeting first in Japan during November 2018 the AAAS envisioned science as a diplomatic in front of the Shonan Village Center, Hayama, Kanagawa, 11.11.2018. and consequently in Athens, Greece in May tool that ought to contribute to foreign policy. Photo courtesy Nozomi Mizushima 2019. Our aim was to bring together scholars A year later the AAAS joined forces with the working on the history of nuclear sciences and Royal Society of Science to organize a two-day above politics, attendees agreed that science the role of international organizations in shaping meeting on “New frontiers in science diplomacy,” has an important role to play in international nuclear diplomacy with diplomatic historians and regarded since as the foundation of science affairs. In a subsequent publication science political scientists focusing on the ways nuclear diplomacy. diplomacy was described through three types of scientists and engineers have contributed, and, activities: 1. science informs issues of diplomatic continue to do so, in international negotiations. The list of attendees, a group of 200 delegates concern (science in diplomacy); 2. diplomacy including government ministers, scientists, facilitates international scientific cooperation Our objective was first and foremost to diplomats, policymakers, business leaders, and (diplomacy for science) and 3. science functions investigate the notion of nuclear diplomacy/ journalists from twenty countries, is a concrete as a last resort diplomatic tool (science for ies and explore its various aspects including example of the instrumental role science and diplomacy). Presenting the conference’s report diplomacy concerning nuclear energy production scientific cooperation has been called upon to a year later to the Academy’s General Assembly, as well as the circulation of related knowledge play. Sharing the traditional interpretation that David Miliband, the British Foreign Secretary, and materials. Although international science is universal, i.e., both transnational and argued that “We have to think how science and

9 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Diplomatic Studies of Science, cont. diplomacy can work together. Scientific progress its start in the modern era after World War II can achieve breakthroughs that diplomacy simply over the issue of nuclear weapons” according to cannot match.”1 William Colglazier, editor-in-chief of Science & Diplomacy.2 Science diplomacy is presented as Obviously, what lay behind the intense interest primarily nuclear diplomacy. It is indeed hard of national governments in science is its use as an to ignore the impact of the Cold War on both avenue for diversifying international dialogue and science and diplomacy, the American hegemony solving problems that resist traditional diplomatic over European science, or the ways US funding avenues. Scientists’ supposed impartiality, arising agencies politicized science by awarding grants from their commitment to being objective based on political affiliations.3 Historians have and unbiased, can open doors and unravel written volumes on Cold War science being Gordian knots that diplomats’ negotiating preoccupied with state-centered activities. skills often cannot. This instrumental model Fig. 1. The instrumental model of science diplomacy Political scientists have analyzed international of understanding science diplomacy, implies values science as a means to an end, a foreign affairs as the sum of activities of nations as policy handy tool. that science is valued as a means to an end in they try to advance their position in the global an unequal relation to diplomacy, which is a by espousing the lessons of international and geopolitical order. What unifies these various desirable end to itself. diplomatic history, historians of science shifted studies is the nation as the basic unit of analysis But while scientists, diplomats, and politicians their focus to the ways science has been key to and the view of science as facilitator in diplomatic struggle to find efficient ways to use science diplomatic negotiations. affairs and promoter of national interests. as a new diplomatic instrument to overcome Being a historian of science who studies the The Nuclear Diplomacies workshop aimed to the limitations of political, economic, and history of the International Atomic Energy move focus from these narratives and bring cultural diplomacy, historians, philosophers, and Agency and its radiation protection projects and front and center the fact that postwar science Science and Technology Studies scholars remain policies, I share the ambitious goal to reshape the has been characterized by the growing presence awkwardly silent when it comes to the fact that historiography of postwar science by using a new of scientific and technical experts in diplomatic scientific knowledge and expertise have been analytical tool: that of science diplomacy. Despite affairs, the central role of international long intertwined with diplomacy. Only recently, several historical accounts of science diplomacy 2 Colglazier, William. “Science Diplomacy and Future Worlds,” well before World War II, a fundamental Science & Diplomacy, September 2018, 7(3), http://www. 1 Roy MacLeod. “The Royal Society and the Commonwealth: sciencediplomacy.org/editorial/2018/science-diplomacyand- Old Friendships, New Frontiers” Notes and Records of the Royal assumption seems to underlie recent perspectives future-worlds. Society of London Vol. 64, Supplement 1: The Royal Society and 3 John Krige. American Hegemony and the Postwar Science in 20th Century, 22-23 April 2010 (20 September 2010), on the term. “Science diplomacy really got Reconstruction of Science in Europe. (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT pp. 137-149. Press, 2006). 10 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Diplomatic Studies of Science, cont. diplomatic organizations such as the IAEA in prosperity right after the devastation of World multinational and multifaceted activity, an settling scientific issues, the political cooperation War II. The entanglement of the political to the integral part of the new international order that among nations as a precondition for any epistemic that proved inextricable after the end required the involvement of the UN international scientific collaboration, and the involvement of of the war, led to the understanding of science as organizations on a highly interdisciplinary basis. diplomats in resolving scientific controversies. constitutive of diplomacy. Science was no longer To understand the complexity of these issues we perceived as an instrument in the hands of state After all, as historians of science we are put state conflicts and bilateral negotiations in ambassadors but as a constitutive element of the accountable for the stories we tell. While we the background. Instead, we bring forward four UN’s identity. Eager to safeguard their territories, are after the global circulation of expertise, intertwined issues: the colonial powers that joined the UN felt materials, techniques, people, instruments, obliged “…to promote constructive measures technologies, and ideas bridging scientific 1) the key role of international diplomatic of development, to encourage research, and to disciplines, we also want to turn history into organizations in shaping both science and cooperate with one another and, when and where lessons for the contemporary actors in the field. diplomacy, appropriate, with specialized international bodies In this perspective the diplomatic studies the Nuclear Diplomacies with a view to the practical achievement of the workshop suggests, reject the 2) the multilateral and multinational character of programmatic separation between science and international science affairs, social, economic, and scientific purposes set forth in this Article.” In short, the “declaration diplomacy and the instrumental use of science 3) the material culture of science diplomacy, and regarding non-self-governing territories,” in diplomatic practice as it has been suggested by diplomats and government officials. Being 4) the transnational flow of scientific knowledge article 73 of the UN Charter, made clear that encouraging research and supporting scientific not only a mode of knowledge but also a human and expertise initiated and facilitated by cultural practice that masters and explains both international organizations. collaborations were basic pillars for the well- being of the inhabitants of these territories.4 natural phenomena and social matters, science I argue that there has been indeed a single most Without doubt, the shift from national to is inextricable from the context of diplomatic significant event for science diplomacy that multinational diplomacy went hand in hand negotiations that shapes it. Thus the rich Science occurred with the development of the United with the assumption that international affairs cut and Technology Studies literature on the co- Nations system of specialized agencies and across national borders and geopolitical order is construction of science and technology could organizations. It was the moment that science shaped by complex networks of shared interests find a fertile soil in analyzing science diplomacy. was from the outset perceived as part of a that go beyond national concerns. In this respect Diplomatic studies of science raise the question complex collective arrangement, a comprehensive science diplomacy was understood as a complex of how science and diplomacy make sense to global agreement for the promotion of social and 4 Charter of the United Nations, Chapter XI — Declaration each other and highlight a significant feature of regarding Non-Self-Governing Territories, article 73, http://legal. economic conditions that could ensure peace and un.org/repertory/art73.shtml 11 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Diplomatic Studies of Science, cont. scientific activity to be investigated in specific a co-constructive relation of two mutually the international journal History and Technology. diplomatic settings where science arises as their shaped domains, that of post war science The full program of the Nuclear Diplomacies constituent practice. The power of postwar and diplomacy. We were unashamed to claim Workshop can be found here https:// history in this case is to expose the complexities that we can influence the publishing culture nucleardiplomacies.weebly.com/ of a tangled relationship between two in our field, as well. The editors of History intrinsically valued practices-the scientific and and Technology accepted our invitation to act ………… the diplomatic—in which the accomplishment as editorial sponsors, that is to provide on- Professor Maria Rentetzi, the former science of scientific work continually involves the site support and guidance on how we could diplomacy adviser to the alternate minister articulation of what diplomatic multinational sharpen our arguments, care about young of foreign affairs in Greece, leads the work and multilateral negotiations consist of, while, scholars, and discuss one to one on how ideas package on security and science diplomacy of a at the same time, the art of diplomacy gets become published words, challenge the safety European project entitled InsSciDE and is the concretely embedded in the epistemic aspect of of traditional narratives and expose their own principal investigator of a 2 million euro grant this work. How is this done? How has science standpoint in the issues at hand. We were (ERC Consolidator) on the history of radiation diplomacy been performed, by whom, and fortunate to have with us Amy Slaton, one of diplomacy and the IAEA. http://mariarentetzi. where? What counts as science diplomacy and the editors and Jesse Smith, deputy editor of weebly.com/ who counts as a science diplomat? These are the History and Technology. For three days they pressing questions diplomatic studies of science generously offered ideas, comments, and are challenged to address, bringing an emphasis suggestions as “on site editors” as if they were to the importance of international diplomatic on-site engineers who spend their days on organizations within the UN system in writing the construction site making sure that their postwar history; exposing the significance of dwellings will be long lasting. In addition, the material world and of scientific objects in Casimiro Vizzini, expert on science diplomacy diplomatic practices; accounting for the diversity from UNESCO’s Division of Science Policy of locations that have served as sites of science and Capacity Building, joined us and offered a diplomacy. valuable institutional perspective to our vivid discussions. The meeting was sponsored by Nuclear Diplomacies The workshop was not SOKENDAI University, partially supported ambitious only in reshaping post war history by InsSciDE, an EU Horizon 2020 funded of science by exploring the shift from an project, and was endorsed by the National instrumental model of science diplomacy to Technical University of Athens, UNESCO, and

12 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Member News Ellen Abrams (Cornell University), Vyta Smithsonian Astrophysical in researching, developing, delivering, and Baselice, and John Lisle shared the grand prize Observatory, 1955-1973 evaluating new and innovative K-16 STEM World War I and the National Academy of (Smithsonian Institution and Engineering Education programs, in Sciences/National Research Council: A Research Scholarly Press, 2018). engineering education policy research, and in the Competition for research papers written by public's understanding of STEM initiatives and Fred Whipple’s Empire explores scholars under 30 about how scientists and engineering education. the forces and drives that engineers in the United States were engaged in ………… brought two astronomical the World War I effort. institutions together-the Matthew Daniel Eddy (Durham University) ………… Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian was promoted to Chair and Professor of the David Cahan (University of Institution in Washington, D.C., and the History and Philosophy of Science at Durham Nebraska - Lincoln) recently Harvard College Observatory in Cambridge, University. published Helmholtz: A Life in Massachusetts-to become the Harvard- ………… Science (Chicago: University of Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in the early Andrew Fiss (Michigan Technological Chicago Press, 2018). 1970s, one of the largest institutions devoted to University) recently published “Structures of astronomy and space science in the world. View ………… Antifeminism: Drugs and Women’s Education the free ebook here. in the Texts of Dr. Clarke” in Peitho 21, no. 1 Andreas Daum (State University of New York ………… (Fall/Winter 2018): 81-103. MTU’s news office (SUNY) at Buffalo), Department of History, was Krishna Dronamraju ran a story about the article: awarded a Humboldt Research Award, also (Foundation for Genetic called Humboldt Prize, by the Alexander von Kelley Christensen, “Gender, Drugs and Research, Houston, Texas) Humboldt Foundation. The award is granted in Education: A History of STEM Antifeminism,” recently published A Century recognition of a researcher’s entire achievements Michigan Tech News, 8 November 2018. of Geneticists: Mutation to to date. He is invited to spend the academic year ………… Medicine (CRC Press, 2018). 2019-20 at the Ludwig Maximilians University ………… Robert Fox (University of Oxford) received in Munich. His brief biography of Alexander von the Gustav Neuenschwander Prize, the main Humboldt will be published in February 2019 by Richard Duschl was named Executive Director prize of the European Society for the History C. H. Beck Publishers. of Southern Methodist University’s Caruth of Science, at the society's biennial conference ………… Institute for Engineering Education & Texas in London in September 2018. The prize is Instrument Distinguished Chair in the Lyle David H. DeVorkin (Smithsonian Institution) awarded every two years for outstanding life- School of Engineering. The Institute’s mission recently published Fred Whipple’s Empire: The long achievements and major contributions to is to become a national center of excellence 13 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Member News, cont. the discipline of the history of science. The prize Judith Goodstein (California Hans-Jürgen Treder, lead physicist of the follows the award of the History of Science Institute of Technology) German Democratic Republic (better known Society's George Sarton Medal in 2015 and the recently published Einstein's as East Germany, 1949-1990), would have Alexandre Koyré Medal of the International Italian Mathematicians: celebrated his 90th birthday on 4 September Academy of the History of Science in 2016. Ricci, Levi-Civita, and the 2018. ………… Birth of General Relativity The renowned photographer, Monika Schulz- (Providence: American Jia-Chen Fu (Emory Fieguth, accompanied Treder for more than Mathematical Society, 2018). University) recently published 30 years to capture his life in society and in ………… The Other Milk: Reinventing science that reflected an unusual personality at Soy in Republican China Melinda Gormley (University of California, the highest standards of research in astronomy, (Seattle: University of Irvine) who is HSS’s representative to Section physics, mathematics, and philosophy on a day- Washington Press, 2018). L of AAAS, and also Section L Secretary, to-day basis. Treder was able to secure space and ………… would like to announce the newly elected time for intense research work in his professional AAAS Fellows for the section on History and environment ranging from the solar neutrino Joseph Gal (University of Colorado, emeritus) Philosophy of Science: problem to the meaning of quantum gravity. He recently published “In Defense of Louis Pasteur: supported actively the United Nations’ efforts to Critique of Gerald Geisons's Deconstruction • Helen E. Longino, Stanford University make available education and science to nations of Pasteur's Discovery of Molecular Chirality” • Jürgen Renn, Max Planck Institute for the worldwide. (Chirality in Press, 2018). History of Science (Germany) ………… The book (in German), containing essays on • James Francis Woodward, University of social and scientific life, 128 pages, 103 b/w Daniel Goldstein (University of California, Pittsburgh photos, ISBN 978-3-00-060245-0, Euro 35.00, Davis) is actively involved in the struggle to ………… can be ordered by writing to the author and protect/assert academic freedom, which seems photographer at [email protected] or visiting to be an issue at more and more universities Hans J. Haubold (United www.schulzfieguth.de. these days. At the University of California, it Nations) would like to ………… has broken out in the context of the librarians’ announce the new book contract (we’re unionized) and is spreading from Hans-Jürgen Treder: Ein Pamela Henson (Smithsonian Institution) there. He was interviewed recently for AFT Porträt by Monika Schulz- recently published “Looking at Culture through Voices, the online news site of the American Fieguth (Potsdam: Christian an Artist's Eyes: William Henry Holmes and the Federation of Teachers — listen here. & Cornelius Ruess, 2018). Exploration of Native American Archaeology” ………… in Expeditionary Anthropology: Teamwork, 14 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Member News, cont. Travel, and the ‘Science of Margaret Jacob (UCLA) Edward Jones-Imhotep (York Man,’ edited by M. Thomas recently published The Secular University) was awarded the and A. Harris, pp. 128-49 Enlightenment (Princeton: Society for the History of (New York: Berghahn Books, Princeton University Press, Technology’s Sidney Edelstein 2018). 2019). Prize for his book The Unreliable Nation: Hostile She also published “American She also recently published Nature and Technological Zoos: A Shifting Balance “The Left, Science Studies, and Failure in the Cold War between Recreation and Global Warming,” in editors (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2017). The prize is Conservation” in The Ark Michael J. Thompson and awarded to the author of an outstanding scholarly and Beyond: The Evolution Gregory R. Smulewicz-Zucker’s book in the history of technology published of Zoo and Aquarium Anti-Science and the Assault during the preceding three years. Conservation, edited by on Democracy: Defending ………… B. Minteer, J. Maienschein, Reason in a Free Society and J.P. Collins, pp. 65-76 (Amherst: Prometheus Books, Susan Lanzoni (Harvard (Chicago: University of 2018) pp.123-130. University) recently published Chicago Press, 2018). ………… Empathy: A History (New ………… Haven: Yale University Press, Frank James (UCL/Royal 2018). Bruce J. Hunt (University of Texas at Austin) Institution) recently published ………… recently published “Imperial Science: Victorian Being Modern: The Cultural Cable Telegraphy and the Making of ‘Maxwell’s Impact of Science in the Edward MacKinnon Equations’” in Proceedings of the Institute of Early Twentieth Century (California State University Electrical and Electronics Engineers 106, no. 8 (London: UCL Press, 2018) East Bay, emeritus) recently (Aug. 2018): 1458-65. with co-editors Robert Bud, published The Relevance Paul Greenhalgh, and Morag of Philosophy (Cambridge: The article was drawn from the George Sarton Shiach. Cambridge Scholars, 2018) Memorial Lecture on the History and Philosophy and “The role of a posteriori of Science, which he delivered at the February A PDF of this book can be downloaded for mathematics in physics” 2018 meeting of the American Association for the free from the UCL Press website. in Studies in the History and Advancement of Science. ………… Philosophy of Modern Physics 62 (2018), 166-175. ………… …………

15 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Member News, cont. Paolo Mancosu (University of California, “James Clerk Maxwell and the physics of Machines, and Ancient Dreams of Technology Berkeley) was awarded the Alexander von sound” in Acoustics Today 12, no. 4 (December (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018). Humboldt Research Award, which the 2016): 20-8. Gods and Robots, published on 27 November Humboldt Foundation describes as granted to ………… 2018, so far has been reviewed by the Economist, “internationally renowned academics... whose Janice Gunther Martin (University of Notre Spectator, Gizmodo, London Times, among fundamental discoveries, new theories, or Dame) is pleased to announce the formation and others, and featured in the Guardian Digital insights have had a significant impact on their incorporation of the Equine History Collective Culture Podcast. own discipline and who are expected to continue (EHC), a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. The EHC promotes ………… producing cutting-edge achievements in the the horse as a lens for trans-regional history, future.” Mancosu used the award to spend the Sara Miles (retired) recently gave two lectures and serves as an interface for related historical period from January to July 2018 at the Center to church groups. In September she spoke at research in the humanities, sciences, and social for Mathematical Philosophy a large ELCA church near Toledo, Ohio, on sciences. The organization just successfully at the Ludwig-Maximilian “Issues Affecting Society’s Attitudes toward completed its first annual conference, held at University in Munich. Science and Religion.” In November she spoke Cal Poly Pomona in partnership with the W.K. at the Presbytery of the PCUSA in St. Louis He also recently published Kellogg Arabian Horse Library, on the theme on “Scientific Issues that the Church Needs to Abstraction and Infinity “Why Equine History Matters.” To learn more Think About.” In both cases, the audience raised (Oxford: Oxford University about the EHC, get EHC blog alerts, and questions concerning the history of science and Press, 2017). become a member, visit equinehistory.org, how to integrate science and Christianity. ………… or e-mail [email protected]. Katrin ………… Boniface of UC Riverside serves as president, Dr. Philip Marston (Washington State Kathryn Renton of the Getty Research Institute Brian Ogilvie (University University) recently published the following as treasurer, and Janice Gunther Martin as of Massachusetts Amherst) articles: “Humblet’s angular momentum recently published “Visions of decomposition applied to radiation torque secretary. on metallic spheres using the Hagen–Rubens ………… Ancient Natural History” in Worlds of Natural History, approximation” in Journal of Quantitative Adrienne Mayor (Berggruen edited by Helen Curry, Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer 220 (November Fellow 2018-19, Center Nicholas Jardine, James Secord, 2018): 97–105. for Advanced Study in the and Emma Spary (Cambridge: Behavioral Sciences, Stanford “Maxwell–Thomson–Loschmidt reversal” in Cambridge University Press, 2018). University) recently published Nature Physics 13 (January 2017): 2, and ………… Gods and Robots: Myths,

16 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Member News, cont. Marilyn Ogilvie (University the Conceptualization of Force in Johannes Alexander Pavuk (Morgan State University) of Oklahoma) recently Kepler's Corpus: an Interplay between Physics/ recently published “The American Association published For the Birds: Mathematics and Metaphysics” in Hypotheses for the Advancement of Science Committee American Ornithologist and Perspectives in History and Philosophy on Evolution and the Scopes Trial: Race, Margaret Morse Nice of Science: Homage to Alexandre Koyré 1892- Eugenics, and Public Science in the U.S.A.” in (Norman: University of 1964, foreword by Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent, Historical Research 91, no. 251 (February 2018): Oklahoma Press, 2018). edited by Raffaele Pisano, Joseph Agassi, Daria 137-159. ………… Drozdova, 295-346 (Dordrecht: Springer, 2017). Free open access to the complete article is Raffaele Pisano (Lille University) was elected He and Paolo Bussotti also included as part of a journal sample issue. (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) President of the Inter- recently published “Historical ………… Divisional Teaching Commission (IDTC) in and Philosophical Details on Greg Priest (Stanford University) recently 2017. This commission is under the IUHPST/ Leibniz's Planetary Movements published “Tools of Reason: The Practice of DLMPST/DHST. (Since 2011, he also served as Physical-Structurale Model” Scientific Diagramming from Antiquity to the The Dialogue between IDTC as Vice-President elected in Nancy, in Present” in a special issue of Endeavour 42, nos. Sciences, Philosophy and France). He is Full Professor at the Lille 2-3 (2018), 49-188, with co-editors Paula Findlen Engineering. New Historical University, France. and Silvia De Toffoli. and Epistemological Insights: Homage to Research: History of Physics, Physics and Gottfried W. Leibniz 1646-1716, foreword Included in that same issue are “Diagramming Mathematics Relationship into the History, by Eberhard Knobloch, edited by Raffaele Evolution: The Case of Darwin's Trees” in Nature of Science Teaching-NoS. Pisano, Michel Fichant, Agamenon Oliveira, Endeavour 42, nos. 2-3 (2018), 157-171, along Teaching: “History of Physics” (at the Lille Paolo Bussotti, 49-92 (London: London College with “Tools of Reason” in Endeavour 42, nos. Science and Technology), “History of Science Publication, 2017). 2-3 (2018), 49-59, with Silvia De Toffoli and & Scientific Teaching Activities, etc.” (at the ………… Paula Findlen. Lille Humanities and Social ………… Duris Pascal (University of Bordeaux) Sciences) and “History of was awarded the Prix Passet 2017 of the Jamil Ragep (McGill University) would Modern Physics/Science and Entomological Society of France for the book like to announce that the Islamic Scientific Society” (at the École supérieure he wrote with Elvire Diaz, The Factory of Manuscripts Initiative (ISMI) is pleased to de journalisme de Lille). Entomology: Léon Dufour (1780-1865) (Pessac: launch its public website. ISMI is a collaborative He and Paolo Bussotti University Presses of Bordeaux, 2017). project that is directed jointly by Dr. Sally recently published “On ………… Ragep and Prof. Jamil Ragep at McGill

17 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Member News, cont. University, Montreal, and by Prof. Lorraine He was also elected as the 2019 Chair-Elect for Jeremy Schneider (Princeton University) recently Daston at the Max Planck Institute for the the History of Chemistry (HIST) Division of published “The First Mite: Insect Genealogy in History of Science (MPIWG Berlin). The the American Chemical Society. He will become Hooke's Micrographia” Annals of Science 75, no. senior technical researcher is Dr. Robert Casties Chair of the Division in 2021. 3 (2018), 165-200. (MPIWG Berlin). Further information appears ………… ………… later in this Newsletter. Helen M. Rozwadowski Barbara Herrnstein Smith ………… (University of Connecticut, (Duke University) recently Karen Randall (Propolis Press) recently Avery Point) recently published Practicing published The Leyden Jar: A Biography published Vast Expanses: Relativism in the (Northampton: Propolis Press, 2018). A History of the Oceans Anthropocene: On Science, ………… (London: Reaktion Books, Belief, and the Humanities 2018). (London: Open Humanities Joy Rankin (Independent ………… Press, 2018). scholar) recently published A ………… People's History of Computing Alan Rushton (Huntington in the United States Medical Center) recently Jeffrey L. Sturchio(Rabin (Cambridge and London: published Talking Back Martin) recently published The Harvard University Press, against the Nazi Scheme Road to Universal Health 2018). to Kill the Handicapped Coverage: Innovation, ………… Citizens of Germany 1933- Equity and the New Health 1945 (Newcastle upon Economy with co-editors Seth C. Rasmussen (North Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Ilona Kickbusch and Louis Dakota State University) Publishing, 2018) and Charles Galambos (Baltimore: Johns recently published Acetylene Edward of Saxe-Coburg: The Hopkins University Press, 2018). and Its Polymers: 150+ German Red Cross and the Years of History (Heidelberg: He also published “Global Health Disruptors: Plan to Kill “Unfit” Citizens Springer, 2018) and The Global Healthcare Market” (BMJ, 30 1933-1945 (Newcastle upon “Revisiting the Early History November 2018) and “The Professionalization Tyne: Cambridge Scholars of Synthetic Polymers: of American Chemistry: How the German Publishing, 2018). Critiques and New Insights” in Ambix 65, no. Ph.D. Model Crossed the Atlantic,” with Ned ………… 4 (November 2018): 356-372. D. Heindel and James J. Bohning in editor Seth

18 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Member News, cont. C. Rasmussen’s Igniting The Chemical Ring Of Medicine: A First Approach” in Chinese Medicine published I Diari Berlinesi (1857-1859) di Fire: Historical Evolution Of The Chemical and Culture 1 (2018): 40-45. Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli (Torino: Communities Of The Pacific Rim (World Deputazione Subalpina di Storia Patria e Centro He also recently published Scientific, 2018, pp.387-425). di Studi per la Storia dell'Università di Torino, “Towards a Catalogue of Greek ………… 2018). Medical Manuscripts” in Greek ………… Kenneth L. Taylor (University of Oklahoma) Manuscript Cataloguing: was awarded the Prix Eugène Wegmann by Past, Present, and Future, Aristotle Tympas (National the Société Géologique de France, at its annual edited by Paolo Degni and Kapodistrian University meeting in October 2018. and Paolo Eleute, 111-118 of Athens) recently ………… (Turnhout: Brepols, 2018). published Calculation and Computation in the Alain Touwaide is a Visiting Professor in the He also recently published Pre-electronic Era: The Department of History of Medicine, University “The Alchemical Manuscript Mechanical and Electrical of Rome “La Sapienza,” for a 6-week period. He Tradition. An Overview” in Ages (London: Springer, 2017). researches the epidemiology of antiquity, with Greek Alchemy from Late ………… a focus on malaria in ancient Rome. Besides, he Antiquity to Early Modernity, delivers lectures on the history of botany and edited by Efthymios Nicolaidis, Peter D. Usher (Pennsylvania State University) medicine. 41-54 (Turnhout: Brepols, recently published “Tubal, Shylock, and the 2018). Myth of Venice” in Polemos Journal of Law, During the winter term (January-March 2019), ………… Literature, and Culture (2018) 12:2, 415-428. he will be teaching the course “Mediterranean ………… Medical Traditions: Comparative Perspectives: at Katelyn Horstman, a UCLA undergraduate the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). astrophysics student, working with HSS member Jaipreet Virdi (University of Delaware) and Virginia Trimble as a summer intern, recently Coreen McGuire recently published “Phyllis He and Eric Yarnel recently published “Accuracy M. Tookey Kerridge and the Science of of Dioscorides’ De materia medica (1st completed, wrote up, posted on arXiv, and Scientometrics A Audiometric Standardization in Britain century C.E.) regarding diuretic activity submitted to a paper titled ” in Citation History of Measurements of Newton's British Journal of the History of Science 51, no.1 of plants” in Journal of Alternative and Constant of Gravity. (March 2018): 123-146. Complementary Medicine, 2018. ………… She also recently published “Prevention & He and E. Appetiti recently published “Searching Pasquale Tucci (Università degli Studi di Conservation: Historicizing the Stigma of for Chinese Medicinal Plants in Greek Classical Milano, emeritus) and Clara Silvia Roero recently Hearing Loss, 1910-1940” in Journal of Law,

19 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Member News, cont. Medicine and Ethics 45, no.4 (December 2017): writing for a book titled Empire of Exactitude: Voyage of Thought as: “Extraordinary. This book 531-544. Life, Literature and the Physical Sciences in Post- changed my perspective on the history of science, Enlightenment France. The book addresses the pushing it far further back in chronological terms She also recently published socio-historical dynamics through which new and wider in terms of possible sources than it had “Between Cure and Prosthesis: ideals of quantification advocated by Pierre-Simon ever gone before.” ‘Good Fit’ in Artificial Laplace and others prevailed in French physical Eardrums” in Rethinking science, shaped the new positive sciences of life, Modern Prostheses in Anglo- and eventually spread across Napoleonic Europe. American Commodity ………… Cultures, 1820-1939, edited by Claire L. Jones, 48-69 Michael Wintroub (University of California, (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2017). Berkeley) was awarded the Pickstone Prize from ………… the British Society for the History of Science. Established to commemorate the historian of Robert S. Westman (University of California, Just earned your PhD in science Professor John Pickstone, the Pickstone San Diego) is the 2018-2019 Sarton Chair and Prize is awarded every two years to the best recipient of the Sarton Medal in the History of the history of science? scholarly book in the history of science. The Science awarded by the University of Ghent. winning book will mark a major advance in the Congratulations! Here’s a Given in recognition of lifetime achievement understanding and interpretation of the scientific in research, the chair is named after George free e-membership to HSS. past. Sarton. As Sarton Chair, Westman gave two public lectures in Ghent on 11 and 12 October The 2018 BSHS Pickstone Leaving the student world 2018. Both presentations will be published in Prize has been awarded can present challenges. Sartoniana. After 19 years at UCLA, Westman to Wintroub for his book joined the Department of History at UC San The Voyage of Thought: The HSS would like to recognize your Diego in 1988 and became one of the founders of Navigating Knowledge across signal achievement by providing a its Science Studies Program. the Sixteenth-Century World free electronic membership (one year) ………… (Cambridge: Cambridge to those who graduated in 2017 or in 2018. University Press, 2017). Travis Wilds (University of Minnesota—Twin Cities) was awarded an NEH Fellowship, a Judge Charlotte Sleigh, editor of the British Please go to https://subfill.uchicago.edu/ year-long fellowship in support of research and Journal for the History of Science, described The JournalPUBS/HSSpromotion.aspx for details. 20 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Member News, cont. HSS Digital Research Once again, the link to the survey is here. that meeting that the History of Science Society would cooperate as much as possible with Section Survey—with Gift Drawing Feel free to reach out with any questions or L of the [AAAS], but would not identify itself concerns via [email protected]. The History of Science Society is offering several too closely with it,” the reasoning being that the gifts to those who respond to this short online George Sarton Memorial HSS could not bring together different groups if it took sides with any one of them. Isis 6, no. survey about research in the digital environment. Lecture in the History and We are looking for responses from a wide range of 1 [1924]: 5. The HSS met with AAAS every individuals, from technophobes to digital natives. Philosophy of Science other year (in off years, we met with AHA) up overview by Jay Malone through 1972. The Sarton Lecture dates back to The survey is designed to help the broader history 1960. Its earliest mention in Isis is found in 1961, of science, technology, and medicine community The Sarton Memorial Lecture is given each year pp. 98-99: “At a recent meeting of the George understand how digital resources have affected at the meeting of the American Association for Sarton Memorial Foundation, Inc., held in New scholarship in the field.and is intended for those the Advancement of Science (AAAS). The lecture York City in conjunction with the History of who work in history of science, technology, or is co-sponsored by the AAAS and the HSS Science Society and the Section on the History medicine (or allied fields) at all levels: students, (AAAS pays for the speaker’s expenses and the and Philosophy of Science of the [AAAS], it was researchers, teachers, librarians, and curators. HSS’s Executive Committee chooses the speaker announced that funds are being sought to obtain The survey is designed by HSS’s Bibliographer, and the Society pays an honorarium). The HSS a distinguished historian of science from abroad Stephen Weldon (IsisCB Explore and the Isis is one of the few groups with which the AAAS to be a featured speaker at the 10th International Current Bibliography) and two members of the cosponsors a lecture. In choosing the speaker, the Congress for the History of Science, to be held at Technology and Communication Committee: Executive Committee looks for someone who can Cornell University and in Philadelphia in 1962. Kathleen Sheppard and Margaret Gaida. speak engagingly to an audience primarily made The Foundation also announced its intention up of scientists. The chair of Section L of AAAS to maintain funds for a featured speaker on If you complete the survey, you can elect to be (history and philosophy of science) introduces the the history and philosophy of science at annual entered in to a drawing to receive either a $25 Sarton Lecturer and the section officers take the meetings of AAAS.” In Isis, March 1961, p. 105 gift card (for HSS members), or a 2019 one-year speaker and a guest to lunch after the talk, which there is an announcement that the first George e-membership to the History of Science Society is typically at noon on Saturday of the AAAS Sarton Memorial Lecture was delivered on with access to Isis and other benefits. Two awards meeting (right after Section L’s business meeting). December 27, 1960 at the Belmont Plaza Hotel of each type are available. The drawing will be in New York—by René Dubos on “The Scientist The ties between HSS and AAAS date back to held in early 2019. (The survey is anonymous, and the Public”—at the annual meeting of the HSS’s establishment. When the Society was and the drawing entry form is not connected to HSS. (Isis 51, no. 3 [Sept 1960]: 255) the survey collector.) founded on 12 January 1924, “it was decided at

21 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Member News, cont. The George Sarton Memorial Foundation, Inc., is known of the Foundation itself, which was the apparent creator of the lecture, was begun relatively short lived. A notice in Isis 56, no. 1 Plan Ahead around 1958. The notice in Isis 49, part 3, no. [1965]: 81 reports on a resolution of the HSS 157 [Sept 1958]: 342 states that the Foundation’s Council, recommending that the HSS accept the Future HSS Meetings “purpose is to promote the efforts of the late net assets of the Foundation in the event that the George Sarton in the history and philosophy of assets are offered to the Society. The following science” and has been organized to help maintain year, a report in Isis announced the receipt of Isis and provide lectureships and fellowships to funds from the Foundation, which was dissolved advance the study of the history of science. Its in 1965 (Isis 57, no. 1 [1966]: 123). first president was Chauncey D. Leake of Ohio The next Sarton Memorial Lecture will be in State and May Sarton (George’s only child) was Washington DC, the Marriott Wardman Park, 2019 its vice president. The Foundation’s first meeting Utrecht, The Netherlands: on Feb 17 at noon (a Sunday and not a Saturday). was on 12 April 1958 in New York City, in the 23 July (Tues) to 27 July (Sat) Karen Rader (Virginia Commonwealth home of Alfred Hellman. Leake, who was dean University) will speak on “Science for Grown- of the medical college at Ohio State, was elected Ups: Assessing Past & Present Adult Informal as president of AAAS the following year and Science Education.“ this is the suspected origin of the Sarton Lecture being given at AAAS’s annual meeting. Little

2020 New Orleans, LA: 7-11 October Co-located meeting with SHOT

2021 Mérida, Mexico: November (dates to be determined) Co-located meeting with SHOT 22 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter In Memoriam Adolf Grünbaum In 1943, for a short time, Grünbaum worked in Philosophy of Science. He was instrumental in 15 May 1923 – 15 November 2018 a war research unit on vacuum tube development building a world-class faculty in the Department and radar, but then was drafted into the Army of Philosophy, including the appointments of Adolf Grünbaum had where he received US citizenship before being Nicholas Rescher, Wilfrid Sellars, Gerald Massey, a profound impact on trained at Camp Ritchie, Maryland in military Carl G. Hempel, and Wesley C. Salmon. In philosophy of science. combat intelligence. Due to his fluency in 2003, Grünbaum became Primary Research Grünbaum, President German, as a Ritchie Boy from 1944 to 1946, Professor in the Department of History and of the PSA from Grünbaum was sent to the Wannsee Villa where Philosophy Science. He was also a research 1965-1970, originated he interrogated Nazi officers. professor in the Department of Psychiatry. the biennial meeting Grünbaum inspired and encouraged dozens of structure beginning in Grünbaum went on to Yale University where he students in his more than 60-year career, serving 1968 at a meeting he hosted in Pittsburgh, PA. received an M.S. in physics (1948) and his Ph.D. on many dissertation committees and notably He recently commented on the 50th anniversary on “The Philosophy of Continuity,” with Carl supervising the PhD dissertations of Alberto blog for our Seattle Biennial Meeting, November G. Hempel as his dissertation director (1951). In Coffa, Philip Quinn, and Bas van Fraassen. 1-4, 2018: “Over the last 50 years, I have seen a 1949, he married Thelma. Their mutual devotion stronger integration of science into the study of was evident by their inside jokes, and her frequent Adolf Grünbaum’s research issued in more philosophy. Without that scientific foundation, presence in the audience reading the text of the than 400 publications (which includes 12 our understanding of the world in which we live paper Adolf was presenting, ready to help out if books) in philosophical problems of space, would be tremendously impoverished.” needed. They had a daughter, Barbara, born in time, and cosmology; on the nature of scientific 1957. methodology, especially on rational inference; Grünbaum was born in Cologne, Germany and on the foundations of psychoanalysis and and suffered as a Jewish child under the Nazis. In his first academic appointment, Grünbaum psychiatry. “Adolf Grünbaum’s Philosophical He and his family immigrated to, in his words, quickly rose from assistant professor to named Problems of Space and Time (1963, revised 1973) the “life-saving US” in 1938, five years after chair at Lehigh University (1950-1960). In 1960 set the agenda for studies of these topics for Hitler took power and eight months before he was appointed Andrew Mellon Professor mid-twentieth century analytic philosophy. It Kristallnacht. At age fifteen, Grünbaum had at the University of Pittsburgh, a title he held was an agenda with a pronounced point of view: to learn English, which he did at a Bronx high until his death at the age of 95. The University a firm empiricism combined with a rigorous school where he became friends with Robert S. of Pittsburgh administrators wisely waived the understanding of contemporary space-time Cohen, and later followed Cohen to Wesleyan 40-year-old age requirement for the Mellon Chair physics.” wrote Hoefer and Cartwright in a 1993 where he received a BA with high distinction in in order to award it when Grünbaum was only Festschrift for Grünbaum. Wes Salmon, in a both Philosophy and Mathematics. 37. At the University of Pittsburgh he founded 1965 review in Science, wrote “So remarkable and was the first director of The Center for the 23 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter Member News, cont. is the scope of this book that it is difficult to discussions of space and time, of how scientists you asked one at your own peril. Grünbaum, think of any important philosophical problem reason empirically, including by what empirical with a smile on his face, would dissect your of space or time that is not treated, or to find standards clinical sciences like psychiatry should question, pointing out the false assumptions any important contributor whose views are not be judged, he also shaped the professional you were making, expose every inch of what taken into account.” Many have celebrated landscape in which philosophy of science has you clearly did not understand, and lead you Grünbaum’s adept combination of detail thrived in the US and internationally. In addition meticulously to a better question. In this process and scope, and his attention to the mutual to serving as president of the PSA, he also was students were treated with the same intellectual dependence of actual science and philosophical president of the APA (1982-3), of the Division seriousness as the professional philosophers understanding. of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Grünbaum critically engaged in print, and held Science of the International Union of History to the same high standards he applied to himself. In the 1970’s Grünbaum developed trenchant and Philosophy of Science (2004-5), and of I learned a lesson from Adolf I try to pass on to critiques of Karl Popper’s philosophy of the International Union itself (2006-7). His my students, that a combination of boundless science, including rejecting Popper’s claim that scholarship was recognized by a number of curiosity and rigorous critical analysis is essential psychoanalysis is non-scientific. This inspired organizations. Grünbaum was elected a Fellow of to becoming a successful philosopher of science. Grünbaum to point his critical gaze to the the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and of And it always helps to do it with a smile. More details of psychoanalysis, to expose its conceptual the American Association for the Advancement of recently, I had the great pleasure of knowing foundations and defend its scientific status, Science, a laureate of the International Academy Adolf not just as my teacher, but also as my not just against Popper, but also against those, of Humanism and a member of Academie colleague and friend. like Habermas and Ricoeur, who defended a Internationale de Philosophie des Sciences. He hermeneutic view. His views were expressed was awarded the Senior US Scientist Humboldt Sandra D. Mitchell, Distinguished Professor The Foundations of Psychoanalysis: in his 1984 Prize, the Italian Fregene Prize for science, the Department of History and Philosophy of A Philosophical Critique . Here again we see University of Parma Silver Medal, the Wilbur Science Grünbaum’s signature approach. As von Lucius Cross Medal from Yale University, and the University of Pittsburgh Eckhardt put it in a 1985 article, “Grünbaum’s Commander’s Cross of the Order of Merit of the President of the PSA, 2016-2018 contribution in … psychoanalytic epistemology Federal Republic of Germany. See the full text here. … is unparalleled on … (two) counts. Not only does he bring to bear a very great sophistication On a personal note, Adolf Grünbaum taught in the philosophy of science, but in addition he one of my first seminars when I was a new has done his psychoanalytic homework.” graduate student in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science in 1977. He welcomed Adolf Grünbaum’s contributions to philosophy questions from students, but we learned quickly of science were varied. He not only shaped 24 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter News from the Profession Center for Science, multi-authored) devoted to both the social and CFP: Scientific Magazine Technology, the intellectual dimensions of the history of Estudios de Historia de medicine, with a special emphasis on public Medicine & Society health, health care and health services. The focus España, ISSN 0328-0284 Newsletter of the series is on the nineteenth and/or twentieth Estudios de Historia de España, biannual online The most recent newsletter centuries, and is international in scope. The series magazine of the Instituto de Historia de España from the CSTMS is available in encourages investigations into public health of Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, full here. including environmental health, preventive calls to the academic community to submit their medicine, responses to lifestyle diseases, and articles and book reviews. maternal and child health. It also embraces CHSTM Newsletter, studies of health policy, health systems and state The proposals, adapted to the publication rules featuring Digital Forum medicine, including in colonial and postcolonial attached will be topic and subject free, and may refer to the Spanish history and culture We invite you to join the discussion of our digital settings. While studies may focus on general medicine, they would also give appropriate in their various eras and from all disciplines forum, Shopping for Health: Medicine and and perspectives; accepted languages: Spanish, Markets in America. weight to healthcare as it relates to sectors such as indigenous peoples, older people, mentally Portuguese, English, and French. Watch the video and read more information by ill and/or other vulnerable social groups. Unless Authors will be informed of the acceptance clicking here. they are placed in a broad context and address or rejection of their contributions within a significant historical questions the series does Call for Manuscripts: Studies maximum period of six months, as well as the not include biographies or histories of individual evaluations or recommendations of the observers. in the History of Healthcare institutions and organizations. The monographs The Committee will receive articles and reviews (edited by Prof. Linda Bryder and included in this series reflect the cutting edge exclusively to the following electronic address: Prof. Martin Gorsky) of research in the now well-established and still [email protected]. expanding field of medical history. Peter Lang is seeking proposals for the series Sent articles and reviews must be formally Studies in the History of Healthcare, edited by Studies in the History of Healthcare is a adapted to the rules of publication (see web site). Professor Linda Bryder (University of Auckland) successor to Studies in the History of Medicine, Those that do not closely conform to the journal’s and Professor Martin Gorsky (London School of edited formerly by Charles Webster. style and format will be returned to authors. Hygiene and Tropical Medicine). Please contact commissioning editor Philip Estudios de Historia de España has been Studies in the History of Healthcare provides Dunshea ([email protected]) for more categorized in level of excellence by the Latindex an outlet for academic monographs (sole- or information on the series or to discuss a proposal. 25 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter News from the Profession, cont. System and is included in Núcleo Básico de chains, and so forth. A Query Builder allows the CFP: Souls Special Issue on Revistas Científicas Argentinas (CONICET) researcher to query the data in numerous ways; "The Black AIDS Epidemic" and the colection SciELO (Scientific Electronic one could, for example, search for all works Library Online). on astronomical instruments copied between Co-Editors: Marlon M. Bailey (Arizona State 1250-1350. Visualization tools are also being University) and Darius Bost (The University of Open Journal System: http://erevistas.uca.edu. developed as aids for this research. You can find a Utah) ar/index.php/EHE preliminary set of tools in the “ISMI Lab” section Almost twenty years after the publication of of the website. For more information about the publication, Cathy Cohen’s The Boundaries of Blackness: please visit our website. This launch represents the culmination of AIDS and the Breakdown of Black Politics, HIV/ over two decades of collaborative work that AIDS remains marginal in black studies. In Islamic Scientific Manuscripts has brought together many institutions and the 1990s (the time of Cohen’s research) black Initiative (ISMI) website individuals (see the under people faced an economic and political crisis ). We have worked together to provide that rendered the AIDS epidemic as a marginal We are delighted to announce the launch of a usable online database to facilitate research in social and political concern. The same can be Islamic Scientific Manuscripts Initiative the the history of the mathematical sciences (broadly said for this contemporary moment in which (ISMI) website . This covers the period to ca. conceived) in the Islamic world. the racist social and political backlash after 1350 CE. the Obama presidency and administration has We would appreciate receiving your input— redirected black communities’ attention toward The ISMI database provides a means to access suggestions, corrections, additions, criticisms—at Islamicate authors, their works, and extant policing, criminalization, and mass incarceration [email protected] and away from a health crisis facing its most manuscript witnesses in the various fields of the berlin.mpg.de. mathematical sciences. These fields include the marginalized communities, while, in reality, “pure” mathematical sciences (such as geometry, Best regards, these crises are mutually constitutive. In 2017, arithmetic, algebra, and trigonometry) as well The ISMI Executive Board 17,528 African Americans received an HIV as the “mixed” mathematical sciences (such as Prof. Lorraine Daston, Max Planck Institute for diagnosis in the United States (12,890 men and astronomy, optics, music, and mechanics). In the History of Science (Berlin) 4,560 women). More than half (58%, 10,223) addition to its bio-bibliographical function, Prof. Jamil Ragep, McGill University of African Americans who received an HIV the database is designed to facilitate research Dr. Sally Ragep, McGill University diagnosis in 2017 were gay or bisexual men, by, among other things, allowing for “transitive Senior IT Researcher: Dr. Robert Casties, Max and more than half (an estimated 56%) of queries” that return chains of teachers/students, Planck Institute for the History of Science black transgender women are living with HIV. original texts (matn)/commentaries, ownership (Berlin) Southern states accounted for 53% of all new

26 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter News from the Profession, cont. AIDS diagnoses in the U.S. in 2016, and more and theoretical and analytic tools to effectively against AIDS amid other crises facing black than half of those diagnoses were among black address this multidimensional crisis impacting communities, such as medical apartheid; populations. 3,379 African Americans died from black communities. Challenging public health’s disability justice movements; black feminist and HIV disease in 2015, accounting for 52% of focus on intervention, this special issue builds LGBTQ movements; movements for prison total deaths attributed to the disease that year. on Marlon M. Bailey’s work on “intraventive” abolition; and the contemporary movement for These disturbing statistics are fueled by other cultural practice to think about how black black lives. The ongoing AIDS epidemic forces a social vulnerabilities from which black people communities have theorized, conceptualized, rethinking of contemporary black thought, black disproportionately suffer, such as poverty, under/ struggled against, and withstood AIDS cultural production, black struggles for liberation, unemployment, homelessness and unstable through art, cultural work, activism, advocacy, and AIDS discourses emerging from state and housing; violence and trauma; drug dependency; community-building, and the development of community discourses. How might we re- mental disabilities, and limited to no access to community-based epistemologies. theorize blackness in the age of AIDS? How does quality and affordable health care (including blackness trouble dominant AIDS discourses? We HIV prevention and treatment), in addition to Because this special issue centers “intraventive” invite scholars who are engaging these questions the social vulnerabilities mentioned above. cultural practice and knowledge, we do not see through interdisciplinary and/or intersectional artistic modes of production as separate from approaches to contribute to this special issue. We While HIV/AIDS remains a central concern other modes of theorizing. Therefore, in addition also invite creative writers and artists to submit of the state’s public health apparatus, public to literature, visual cultures, music, and theatre/ work (visual art, fiction, poetry, and creative non- health’s turn toward criminalization, its performance, we are also interested in analyses fiction) that explores these themes. history of racist ideologies, and its neoliberal emerging from cultural studies, performance economic and political interests have marked studies, critical race, feminist, queer, disability Topics of Interests Include: it as ill-equipped to grapple with the forces studies, and interdisciplinary approaches to • AIDS and black cultural production of racism, sexism, homophobia, ableism, and public health. We follow black feminist scholars (literature and visual art, film, contemporary capitalism that have converged to produce and such as Evelynn Hammonds, Cathy Cohen, black media) perpetuate an ongoing AIDS epidemic in black Linda Villarosa, Lisa Bowleg, Michele Tracy • AIDS, performance, and cultural practice communities. Although scholars and health Berger, Angelique Harris, and Celeste Watkins- • Political economy of AIDS/AIDS Industrial practitioners in public health and medicine Hayes, who have advanced an intersectional Complex are trained to study and know HIV/AIDS and analysis of HIV/AIDS rooted in community- • AIDS and black trans experience/transing the other diseases and epidemics, most are not based “knowledges.” Moreover, following Angela black AIDS epidemic trained to study and understand black lives, Davis, who has theorized intersectionality as • AIDS, blackness, and geography/region, communities, and cultures. Thus, public health also about the interrelations between political particularly the South and Midwest regions approaches lack the interdisciplinary knowledge struggles, we hope to situate the urgent struggles of the U.S.

27 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter News from the Profession, cont. • AIDS in the African Diaspora its highly-competitive fellowship program, its mission of the Newberry: • Black social movements against AIDS focused research centers, and its rich offerings • Newberry Fellowships and intersections with other social justice of seminars for scholars, graduate students, • Hermon Dunlap Smith Center for the movements (Black Lives Matter, black and undergraduates. Second, the Newberry History of Cartography feminism, prison abolition, sex worker rights, Institute will foster public engagement with • Center for Renaissance Studies black health movements, disability justice) the humanities through public programs, adult • D’Arcy McNickle Center for American • Black cultural, political, and intellectual seminars, and professional development programs Indian and Indigenous Studies critiques of public health discourse for teachers. Finally, it will collaborate internally • Chicago Studies • AIDS, blackness, and biopolitical and externally to bring the work of scholars to • Newberry Scholarly Seminars management (PEP and PREP, treatment as life for the broader public. • Public Programs prevention, undetectable=untransmittable) • Teacher and Student Programs • AIDS and black cultural institutions (church, The Newberry Institute has recently launched • Newberry Adult Education Seminars several initiatives. Our new Chicago Studies family, museums, archives) Read the full article on the Newberry website. • Black sexuality in the age of AIDS/How to have program replaces the Scholl Center for American sexual pleasure in the black AIDS epidemic History and Culture. Led by Liesl Olson, New Video Initiative and Chicago Studies is off to a strong start, producing DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSIONS: a 2018 NEH Summer Institute on Art and New Issue (December 2018) 11:59 PST MARCH 1, 2019 Public Culture in Chicago and as well as public for Notes and Records: The Please address questions to Marco Roc, Souls programming on the literary life of this city. Royal Society Journal of the Managing Editor, [email protected]. Our wide-ranging Scholarly Seminars lineup has expanded this year to 16 separate seminars, History of Science Launch of the Newberry with most involving works-in-progress by Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the Institute for Research and scholars from across the region. Finally, the new History of Science has a new video initiative for Education Department of Public Engagement, led by Karen special issues. Our December 2018 issue, "John Christianson, has strategically invested in public Wallis at 400: Science, Mathematics and Religion In the fall of 2018, the Newberry rebranded programming with the goal of reaching new in Seventeenth-Century England," debuts our and refashioned its Division of Research and audiences. Formats are more varied, attendance is first online editor and author interview, with an Academic Programs into the Newberry Institute up, and recordings are now available online. accompanying blog post by guest editors Drs. for Research and Education, with three primary Adam D. Richter and Stephen D. Snobelen. goals in mind. First, the Newberry Institute The Newberry Institute for Research and Click here for the online video and blog. will nurture communities of scholars through Education includes the following programs, Click here for the special issue. which work collaboratively to support the 28 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter News from the Profession, cont. November HPS&ST Note to introduce ideas about the ambiguity of au. There is no need for subject header or any research practice (Frederick Grinnell) message; the email itself suffices for addition to The November HPS&ST Note is now online. • PhD Theses in HPS&ST Domain the hpsst-list. Contents • Recent HPS&ST Research Articles • Introduction • Recent HPS&ST Related Books March of Dimes Archive • 16th Congress of Logic, Methodology and • Coming HPS&ST Related Conferences Philosophy of Science and Technology From H-Disability on H-Net This HPS&ST monthly Note is sent to about (DLMPST), Czech Technical University, 7,500 individuals who directly or indirectly have Lisa Pruitt: Prague, August 5-10 an interest in the connections of history and Does anyone know the fate of the March of • Mario Bunge Symposium at DLMPST: philosophy of science with theoretical, curricular Dimes Archive? My understanding is that the Contributors Invited and pedagogical issues in science teaching, and/or MoD headquarters in White Plains is closing; the • International Congress on the History of interests in the promotion of more engaging and archives are being shipped to Arlington, VA; the Science in Education, May 30–June 1, 2019, effective teaching of the history and philosophy current archivist, David Rose, is not going and Vila Real, Portugal of science. does not know if the archives will continue to be • 15th International History, Philosophy and available to researchers. Science Teaching Group (IHPST) Biennial The Note is also sent to different HPS lists and to Conference, Thessaloniki, July 15-19, 2019 science education lists. It is an information list, Leanna Duncan: • Joseph Novak Autobiography: Free and not a discussion list. I may have been the last to visit the archives (I Downloadable wanted to get there before they moved in case • International Seminar Material Culture in the The Note seeks to serve the diverse international there wasn't an opportunity to see these materials History of Physics community of HPS&ST scholars and teachers again), but I'm afraid I don't have much of an • 2019 IUHPST Essay Prize in History and by disseminating information about events and update beyond echoing some of the uncertainty. Philosophy of Science publications that connect to HPS&ST concerns. When I went, the building was getting pretty empty as the organization prepared to move, and • Philosophy of Science with Children Contributions to the Note (publications, thematic David Rose was unsure about what the plans • Engineering: Its Social and Cultural issues, conferences, Opinion Page, etc.) are for the archive were, though obviously he was Dimensions welcome and should be sent direct to the editor: a strong advocate for their continued use and • Downloadable and Gratis Book: Being Michael R. Matthews, UNSW, m.matthews@ preservation. It would be awful if they never Modern: The Cultural Impact of Science in the unsw.edu.au. Early Twentieth Century became available again, but the situation doesn't • Opinion Page: Teaching research integrity— If you would like to subscribe to the list, send a seem very reassuring. Using history and philosophy of science message to: [email protected]. 29 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter News from the Profession, cont. CFP: Boletín de Arte presence and agency of non-human animals in art • Emblems and treaties on animals (n. 40/2019)—Special history and visual culture. • Museums and animals, animals inside the white cube Commemorative Issue on As humans, we live surrounded by animals that • Nature and symbology of animals Animals and Art History we often ignore, or that we tend to substitute • Artistic genres or topics about animals with or filter through our meanings, perceptions • Artists and their animals Submission of articles: 30 November 2018 – 28 and symbolism. However, in recent decades • Artists who collaborate with other animals February 2019 animals have been increasingly present among • Animals as creators or artistic agents the concerns and interests of our societies not Accepted languages: Spanish, English, French and • Cinema and animals just through their representations, but also Italian • Videos of animals on the Internet as subjects and agents whose perspectives are • Animals, art, and gender Co-editors of the monographic issue: Reyes worth considering. In parallel, animal studies (or • Animal activism and art Escalera Pérez and Concepción Cortés Zulueta human-animal studies) have reclaimed animals • Eco-art and animals as a field of inquiry of the humanities and social In order to be accepted for consideration and • Art or designs for other animals sciences, including art history. This transversal • Animals and aesthetics double blind peer reviewed evaluation, the approach is usually acquainted with biology and articles have to address the topic of Animals other related disciplines, interacts with other Note: This CFP and special thematic issue only and Art History with a maximum of 31,500 area studies (gender, postcolonial, queer, etc.), affects “Articles” and “Varia” sections, not the characters (including spaces) and with no more and is reinforced and may be accompanied sections of “Book reviews” and “Exhibition The submission has to be made than 10 images. by frameworks like posthumanism, or by criticism”). For any queries contact Reyes Escalera online , by registering in the on-line platform of environmental concerns. ([email protected]); Concepción Cortés the Boletín. ([email protected]) This Animals and Art History issue of Boletín de detailed submission guidelines Please find Arte is open to address the subject of non-human in the Boletín’s webpage , scroll down for the animals from all periods, methodologies and Fall Issue of Catalyst: guidelines’ English version. approaches of art history. Feminism, Theory, Boletín de Arte, an open access journal edited Possible topics include, but are by no means Technoscience since 1980 by the Department of Art History, limited to, the following: We are pleased to announce the publication of University of Málaga, proposes a special thematic • Representations of animals (portraits, the Fall 2018 (Vol. 4, No. 2) issue of Catalyst: issue commemorating its 40th anniversary. This photographs, scientific illustrations, etc.) Feminism, Theory, Technoscience featuring a special issue will focus on the representation, • Biographies of historical or artistic animals special section on ‘The Processes of Imaging/

30 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter News from the Profession, cont. The Imaging of Processes’ edited by Bettina Against Abstraction on Turker Nation,” as well • to help serve diverse communities of Papenburg, Liv Hausken, and Sigrid Schmitz. as a Critical Perspectives reflection by Stefan researchers interested in engineering studies; The special section explores how imaging Helmreich on “Ghost Lineages, Ghost Acres, • to link scholarly work in engineering studies technologies shape the complex processes through and Darwin’s ‘Diagram of Divergence of Taxa’ with broader discussions and debates about which scientific images are constructed and how in On the Origin of Species.” The issue includes engineering education, research, practice, imaging technologies drive processes of inclusion five book reviews of recent noteworthy books. policy, and representation. and exclusion, hierarchical social relations, and Catalyst is an online, juried journal that expands Engineering Studies discrimination. The section features articles by The editors of are interested the feminist and critical intellectual legacies of Karolina Agata Kazimierczak, Lucy van de in papers that consider the following questions: science and technology studies in to theory- Wiel, Hannah Fitsch & Kathrin Friedrich, and • How does this paper enhance critical intensive research, critique, and practice. Catalyst Ashton Bree Wesner. understanding of engineers or engineering? is inviting submissions of papers and media work, • What are the relationships among the In addition, the latest issue features a Virtual as well as proposals for future special sections or technical and nontechnical dimensions of Roundtable in our Critical Commentary section critical perspective discussions. Please direct any engineering practices, and how do these on the theme of “Decolonial Computing,” questions to [email protected]. relationships vary over time and space? edited by Mara Mills and Paula Chakravartty, Nora Tataryan that revisits discussions that take us beyond We invite works from humanists and social Rianka Singh the dominant developmentalist approaches scientists studying the historical, political, Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience to technology in the global South, weighing philosophical, rhetorical, organizational, Find us on Twitter: @catalyst_sts the gains that have been made to incorporate geographic, literary, or other dimensions decolonial theory and practice. This section of engineering. Practitioners in technical puts into conversations papers by Paula Call for Submissions: communication, technical work, engineering education, and policy studies are also invited to Chakravartty, Mara Mills, Hannah Alpert- Engineering Studies Abrams, Anita Say Chan, and Lilly Irani & submit research which brings critical analysis Kavita Philip. The editorial staff of the journal Engineering to bear on the ideologies and assumptions Studies is seeking manuscripts on social and underlying engineering’s culture and practice. This issue of Catalyst also includes two original cultural aspects of engineers and engineering Engineering Studies publishes regular research research articles by Margaret F. Gibson & Patty broadly defined. Our mission is: articles, systematic literature reviews, reports, Douglas on “Disturbing Behaviours: Ole Ivar • to advance critical analysis in historical, book reviews, and Critical Participation pieces. Lovaas and the Queer History of Autism social, cultural, political, philosophical, The latter should make an intervention in Science” and by Kathryn Zyskowski & Kristy rhetorical, and organizational studies of the engineering studies and/or engineering Milland on “A Crowded Future: Working engineers and engineering; 31 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter News from the Profession, cont. communities. Regular research articles will be There is one additional aspect to point out Hansen’s translation of Wilhelm Johannsen’s double-blind reviewed and Critical Participation about this latest batch of dissertations. ProQuest “About Darwinism, seen from the point of view articles single-blind by expert referees under the has begun adding numerous titles from many of the science of heredity” is now freely available guidance of an Associate Editor. Click here to universities world-wide dating back into the on our website. see for information on style, scope, formatting, early 1900s. Not all these earlier titles come with Introduction from the translator: and how to submit a manuscript. abstracts but should be available for downloading “Wilhelm Johannsen is a standard reference entire copies online. Engineering Studies is the journal of the in the history of genetics. He clarified the International Network for Engineering Studies. You may find some duplicate citations—the distinction between genotype and phenotype, Members of the Network receive a subscription ProQuest database is including over 30% and introduced the term ‘gene.’ He also carried to Engineering Studies in addition to resources duplicate titles, sometimes in multiple months. I out the famous experiment of selection within for teaching, research, and dialogue in the field try and catch these duplicates but I am sure you pure lines of beans, an experiment that became of engineering studies. For more information, will find that I missed some. a paradigmatic demonstration of the stability of click here. Memberships and subscriptions genotype. Arguably Johannsen’s experimental run 1 January to 31 December of each year; ISISdiss78-09-4444-ONLY and theoretical development of the distinction memberships registered after 1 November 2018 JHMdiss78-09-4444 between the phenotype—which depends on will be valid for calendar year 2019. Jonathon Erlen, PhD variation in environment, and the genotype, Please contact the editor in chief, Cyrus Mody History of Medicine Librarian which remains stable through generations— ([email protected]), with further Health Sciences Library System provided the basis for genetics as an exact science, queries regarding Engineering Studies. University of Pittsburgh experimentally and theoretically. Dissertation Abstracts Johannsen’s magisterial treatise Elemente der Issues 78-09 A and B New Translation: Wilhelm exakten Erblichkeitslehre [Introduction to an exact Johannsen’s “About science of heredity] profoundly influenced the View the latest batch of recent doctoral dissertations development of genetics in the early decades of harvested from the issues 78-09 A and B of Darwinism, seen from the the 20th century. The original publication of Dissertation Abstracts related to your subject area. point of view of the science 1909 was followed by thoroughly revised editions ProQuest has altered how they put out their of heredity” in 1914 and 1926. Johannsen published only a individual issues. No longer do they correlate to couple of relatively short and specialized genetics one month, so the dating is more random. Thus The British Society for the History of Science papers in English (in particular, Johannsen titles will range from 2018—yes they have some (BSHS) is delighted to announce the release of 1907, 1911, 1923). The popular 1903 article on 2018 dates—back into the early 1900s. the second in our Translations series. Nils Roll- Darwinism and heredity (see link above) gives

32 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter News from the Profession, cont. an insight into the background and context of Reviews H-PODCAST are helping to develop new his developing theory of genotype. The article Xiaoping Fang, Barefoot Doctors and Western standards for online reviewing and scholarly was written the same year that he published his Medicine in China by BEATRIZ PUENTE- communications. classical bean selection experiment (Johannsen BALLESTEROS • Growing collaborations with scholarly societies 1903), and shows how Johannsen at that point Tina Su Lin Lim and Donald B. Wagner, The through joint recording and dissemination of related his ideas about heredity to running Continuation of Ancient Mathematics: Wang conference sessions, publication of conference debates on evolution, systematics and plant Xiaotong’s Jigu suanjing, Algebra and Geometry reports, and podcast interviews with new and breeding.” in 7th-Century China by JIA-MING YING rising scholars. • An exciting new adventure in open-access EASTM: New Issue #47 H-Net's Future: A Glimpse publishing with the development of Published enterprise-wide peer review standards and the of the Next 25 Years launch of the Journal of Festive Studies on a The latest issue #47 of the Journal of EAST Quo Vadis, H-Net? It’s our 25th anniversary, new Open Journal platform. ASIAN SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND so naturally we wonder where the next 25 • As always, welcoming new H-Net networks MEDICINE is published and available online. years will take us. Our transition to the H-Net that gather fresh audiences in new fields of Commons five years ago opened a new world study. Table of Contents of possibilities for content sharing, networking, We cannot make this journey into the future Note from the Editor by CATHERINE JAMI publishing, and communications services for 全相運 without you. Please help us bring these new Obituary: Jeon Sang-woon (1932-2018) scholars in the social sciences and humanities. by SHIN DONG-WON initiatives to fruition and ensure they remain free Will you help us get there? and open to all. Articles Our talented professional staff and a legion of Elixir, Urine and Hormone: A Socio-cultural Thank you to the thousands of H-Netters who wonderful volunteer editors are already marking have stepped forward to help our 25th Anniversary History of Qiushi (Autumn Mineral) by JING out an exciting future for our organization. A few ZHU Campaign! If you have not yet joined your glimpses beyond the horizon: colleagues in contributing, please consider doing Yi Chema and the Psychosocial Body in Late so! We cannot do it without you, our readers. Nineteenth Century Korea by KIEBOK YI • Expanded coverage of new scholarship at our innovative Book Channel, to help authors, Please help us continue by donating to H-Net Research note publishers, and audiences find each other and today as we celebrate 25 years of service. A Missing Link in the History of Chinese support academic publishing Gratefully, Medicine: Research Note on the Medical • Build capacity for podcasting and innovative Peter Knupfer, PhD Contents of the Taishō Tripiṭaka by C. reviewing of scholarship. Our podcast series, Executive Director, H-Net: Humanities & Social PIERCE SALGUERO The Art of the Review , and our new network Sciences Online 33 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter News from the Profession, cont. New Open Access Book: for students, and a spur to scholars to further edge imaging technologies for assessing nerve Being Modern: The Cultural examination of culture as an interconnected regeneration in octopodi; to an anthropological web of which science was a critical part, and to analysis of the tension between axolotl limb Impact of Science in the supersede such tired formulations as ‘Science and regeneration and the organism’s collapsing natural Early Twentieth Century culture.’ habitat; to assessments of microbiome and ecosystem regeneration through both intellectual UCL Press is delighted to announce the histories and present-day applications. publication of a brand new open access book that International Society for the may be of interest: Being Modern: The Cultural History, Philosophy, and Social On Tuesday, 23 October, the Workshop Impact of Science in the Early Twentieth Century . Studies of Biology (ISHPSSB) concluded with a three-hour discussion of Download it free from http://bit.ly/2ybnIB8. major themes. Together, the participants Edited by Robert Bud, Paul Greenhalgh, Frank Off-Year Workshop grappled with the talks of the previous day in James and Morag Shiach. “Regeneration Across Complex terms of the systems, processes, and results of Living Systems: From Regenerating regeneration. Some tentative conclusions were In the early decades of the twentieth century, Microbiomes to Ecosystems Resiliency” drawn for each category, including that analyses engagement with science was commonly used as 22-23 October 2018, Woods Hole, MA of the initial and final “states” of regenerating an emblem of modernity. This phenomenon is systems are complicated by fluctuations through now attracting increasing attention in different In October 2018, an ISHPSSB Off-Year time; regeneration as a process can be healing historical specialties. Being Modern builds on this Workshop, “Regeneration Across Complex Living or pathological, induced or natural, and also recent scholarly interest to explore engagement Systems: From Regenerating Microbiomes to multiply realized; and understanding the with science across culture from the end of the Ecosystems Resiliency,” took place at the Marine “results” of regeneration requires attention to nineteenth century to approximately 1940. Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, MA. The Workshop convened scholars from the various timescales, from seconds to years Addressing the breadth of cultural forms three continents to discuss regeneration across to centuries, across which regeneration might in Britain and the western world from the complex living systems from an interdisciplinary take place. Two other questions addressed in architecture of Le Corbusier to working class perspective, drawing a total participation of about the discussion were whether regeneration in British science fiction, Being Modern paints a rich twenty-five individuals including scientists from complex living systems requires the removal of picture. Seventeen distinguished contributors the MBL. On Monday, 22 October, the nine an entity in order to take place, and whether from a range of fields including the cultural study speakers delivered their papers in three panels, it is possible to understand regeneration of science and technology, art and architecture, which were loosely clustered around the levels of without reference to adaptation. Interested English culture and literature examine the issues cells and microbes, organisms, and ecosystems. readers may still visit the website here: involved. The book will be a valuable resource The talks ranged from a report of cutting- https://2018ishregeneration.wordpress.com/.

34 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019 History of Science Society Newsletter News from the Profession, cont. The Workshop Coordinators are grateful for the advances the FHHMLS mission of encouraging The deadline for submissions is 30 April 2019. graduate student and postdoctoral travel funding scholarship that addresses conversations occurring Entries should be sent to fhhmls.hss@gmail. provided by the ISHPSSB, and funding from the across and between the histories of science, com. Please submit cover letters and essays as James S. McDonnell Foundation which made medicine, and technology broadly conceived. The two separate files. The essay file should only the workshop possible. Further information author of the winning essay will receive 5 books include the title, with all author information about the ongoing McDonnell Foundation of their choosing from the current book list of removed. Initiative at the MBL can be found here: the Cambridge University Press. https://mcdonnellinitiativeatmbl.com/. From The winning submission will be announced at Guidelines: the Workshop Coordinators, Kate MacCord the 2019 HSS meeting in Utrecht. Authors do ([email protected]) and Kathryn Maxson We welcome submission of unpublished not need to be members of HSS at the time of Jones ([email protected]). manuscripts in English on any aspect of the submission. history of health, medicine and life sciences written by students registered part-time or full- We are grateful to Cambridge University Press for FHHMLS/CUP Graduate time in a graduate degree or completing their their generous sponsorship of this prize. Student Essay Award degree in 2019. Submissions should bridge the FHHMLS Steering Committee: histories of science, medicine and/or technology. The Forum for the History of Health, Medicine Elizabeth Neswald and Life Sciences and Cambridge University Submissions should be no more than 10,000 Robin Scheffler Press invite submissions for our inaugural words in length (inclusive of footnotes and all Elaine Leong Graduate Student Essay Award. The award will references). Entries should be accompanied by a Jaipreet Virdi be given for the best original, unpublished essay one-page cover letter detailing how the research Heidi Morefield in the history of health, medicine and the life fosters new conversations between the histories of sciences submitted to the competition as judged medicine, science and/or technology. by the FHHMLS’s assessment panel. This award

35 History of Science Society Newsletter • January 2019