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Herbivoría De Rutela Laeta Latreille (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae

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Herbivoría De Rutela Laeta Latreille (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae ISSN 1021-0296 REVISTA NICARAGUENSE DE ENTOMOLOGIA N° 160 Febrero 2019 Herbivoría de Rutela laeta Latreille (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) sobre Coccoloba acuminata Kunth (Polygonaceae) en un sector de los Llanos en el estado Apure, Venezuela Jorge Gámez y Raffaele Acconcia PUBLICACIÓN DEL MUSEO ENTOMOLÓGICO ASOCIACIÓN NICARAGÜENSE DE ENTOMOLOGÍA LEON - - - NICARAGUA Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología. Número 160. 2019. La Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología (ISSN 1021-0296) es una publicación reconocida en la Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal (Red ALyC) e indexada en los índices: Zoological Record, Entomological Abstracts, Life Sciences Collections, Review of Medical and Veterinary Entomology and Review of Agricultural Entomology. Los artículos de esta publicación están reportados en las Páginas de Contenido de CATIE, Costa Rica y en las Páginas de Contenido de CIAT, Colombia. Todos los artículos que en ella se publican son sometidos a un sistema de doble arbitraje por especialistas en el tema. The Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología (ISSN 1021-0296) is a journal listed in the Latin-American Index of Scientific Journals. It is indexed in: Zoological Records, Entomological, Life Sciences Collections, Review of Medical and Veterinary Entomology and Review of Agricultural Entomology. Reported in CATIE, Costa Rica and CIAT, Colombia. Two independent specialists referee all published papers. Consejo Editorial Jean Michel Maes Fernando Hernández-Baz Editor General Editor Asociado Museo Entomológico Universidad Veracruzana Nicaragua México José Clavijo Albertos Silvia A. Mazzucconi Universidad Central de Universidad de Buenos Aires Venezuela Argentina Weston Opitz Don Windsor Kansas Wesleyan University Smithsonian Tropical Research United States of America Institute, Panama Miguel Ángel Morón Ríos Jack Schuster Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Universidad del Valle de México Guatemala Julieta Ledezma Olaf Hermann Hendrik Museo de Historia Natural Mielke “Noel Kempf” Universidade Federal do Bolivia Paraná, Brasil Fernando Fernández Universidad Nacional de Colombia _______________ Foto de la portada: Rutela laeta (Foto: Jorge Gámez). Página 2 Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología. Número 160. 2019. Herbivoría de Rutela laeta Latreille (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) sobre Coccoloba acuminata Kunth (Polygonaceae) en un sector de los Llanos en el estado Apure, Venezuela Jorge Gámez¹ y Raffaele Acconcia¹ RESUMEN Se reporta la herbivoría de Rutela laeta (Weber) sobre Coccoloba acuminata Kunth. La lámina foliar es consumida casi en su totalidad quedando sólo la nervadura principal en actividad del escarabajo, fundamentalmente, entre las 10:00 y 13:00 horas en correspondencia con la alta intensidad solar. Palabras clave: Rutela laeta, herbivoría, Rutelinae Neotropical, Rutelini, Coccoloba acuminata, Polygonaceae ABSTRACT Hervivory of Rutela laeta Latreille (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) on Coccoloba acuminata Kunth (Polygonaceae) in a sector of the plain in the state Apure, Venezuela. Herbivore attack by Rutela laeta (Weber) is reported on Coccoloba acuminata Kunth. The leaf blade is consumed almost in its entirety leaving only the main rib in activity of the beetle between 10:00 and 13:00 hours in correspondence with the high solar intensity. Key words: Rutela laeta, herbivore, Neotropical Rutelinae, Rutelini, Coccoloba acuminata, Polygonaceae ¹Fundación Entomológica Andina, Quinta Mi Ranchito, Calle Urdaneta, Sector Manzano Bajo, Ejido, estado Mérida, Venezuela. Apartado Postal 075, Código Postal 5101. e-mail: [email protected] Página 3 Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología. Número 160. 2019. Figura 1: Fruto de Coccoloba acuminata Kunth Página 4 Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología. Número 160. 2019. INTRODUCCIÓN Dentro de la tribu Rutelini se han registrado para Venezuela, en el género Rutela Latreille, cinco especies (Jameson, 1997): Rutela tricolorea Ohaus, Rutela howdeni Jameson, Rutela histrio Sahlberg, Rutela lineola (L.) y Rutela laeta (Weber). Esta última, presenta una amplia distribución en Venezuela tanto al norte como al sur del rio Orinoco habiéndose señalado, además, para Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guayana francesa, Guyana, Panamá y Perú (Jameson, 1997). Con relación a las plantas asociadas con diferentes especies de escarabajos del género Rutela, Jameson (1997) señala a veintitrés familias botánicas que sirven de hospederas a adultos o larvas de nueve especies de coleópteros de dicho género: Annonaceae, Anacardiaceae, Bignoniaceae, Burceraceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Combretaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Passifloraceae, Piperaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Simaroubaceae, Sterculaceae, Tiliaceae, Ulmaceae, Urticaceae y Zygophyllaceae. En un trabajo reciente, Castillo y Juárez (2018), informan de Rutela versicolor Latreille sobre Coccoloba ruiziana Lindau, especie botánica, perteneciente a la familia Polygonaceae y, por lo tanto, se adicionaría como la familia botánica veinticuatro siendo utilizada por una especie del género Rutela. Figura 2: Población de Coccoloba acuminata Kunth en “Banco” Figura 3: Coccoloba acuminata Kunth alrededor de “laguna estacional” Página 5 Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología. Número 160. 2019. Figura 4: Rutela laeta (Weber) defoliando hoja de Coccoloba acuminata Página 6 Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología. Número 160. 2019. Figura 5: Individuos de Rutela laeta sobre Coccoloba acuminata Página 7 Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología. Número 160. 2019. Figura 6: Condición de defoliación de la planta por la acción filófaga del escarabajo Página 8 Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología. Número 160. 2019. Figura 7: Aspecto avanzado de defoliación de Coccoloba acuminata por la acción de Rutela laeta RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN Se reporta por primera vez la condición de herbivoría de Rutela laeta sobre Coccoloba acuminata Kunth registrándose las observaciones en los “Llanos” venezolanos en el sector El Palmar (07º33’40” N - 69º38’49” W, 103 m.s.n.m.), Parroquia Quintero, Municipio Muñoz, estado Apure, Venezuela. Coccoloba acuminata, es una especie perteneciente a la familia Polygonaceae que presenta como nombres comunes el de “Moco de Pisco”, por el aspecto del fruto, o “Mangla”, por la condición de habitar, en parte, zonas inundables. En el sitio de las observaciones, la planta está presente en sectores que pueden inundarse en el período lluvioso o en “bancos”, encontrándose plantas aisladas o en población bien establecida, en los márgenes de caños, préstamos o alrededor de “lagunas estacionales” pudiendo corresponder, a la especie dominante. Página 9 Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología. Número 160. 2019. Se presenta, en función de la altura, como arbusto o árbol de porte bajo, no llegando en la zona a los cuatro metros. Está distribuida en Venezuela tanto al norte como al sur del Orinoco estando también presente en Suramérica en Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana y Perú (Aymard y Howard, 2004; Duno de Stefano, 2007). Hemos recolectado Rutela laeta siempre sobre Coccoloba acuminata en diferentes años: agosto y septiembre de 2002, agosto de 2003, junio de 2005, octubre de 2010, diciembre de 2014 y junio de 2015. Para el año 2018, entre el 17 y 19 de diciembre, se observó a Rutela laeta sobre Coccoloba acuminata. El coleóptero presentó población establecida colonizando ampliamente la planta Coccoloba acuminata, es netamente filófago consumiendo profusamente la lámina foliar e incluso las nervaduras secundarias. La actividad de Rutela laeta es intensa en las horas de máxima insolación (10:00 – 13:00 horas) consumiendo hojas, en solitario, en grupos pequeños, o escasamente, en actividad reproductiva. En este período de actividad se observaron algunos individuos en vuelo, el cual es silencioso y veloz al momento de buscar otras zonas de actividad. La altura de vuelo puede sobrepasar los cuatro metros de altura. Cabe destacarse que, después de las 15 horas, la actividad de Rutela laeta merma considerablemente, no avistándose en la planta hospedera. Es probable que los individuos migren hacia árboles de mayor altura, de otras especies botánicas, donde entrarían en reposo hasta la activación de su ciclo circadiano. En las observaciones diurnas realizadas no se avistaron otras especies de insectos consumiendo hojas de Coccoloba acuminata. Sería de interés investigar si, en virtud de la distribución de Coccoloba acuminata en el país, ésta sea abordada por Rutela laeta o sirva de hospedera de otros insectos filófagos. De igual forma, si en función de la distribución de Rutela laeta en Venezuela, sería interesante investigar si utiliza como planta hospedera a Coccoloba acuminata u otra especie botánica. AGRADECIMIENTOS A Gerardo Aymard (Universidad Nacional Experimental de Los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Zamora, Venezuela), por la identificación de la planta hospedera. A Mary Liz Jameson (Universidad Estatal de Wichita, Kansas, EE. UU) quien proporcionó sugerencias que mejoraron la presentación final de la presente nota científica. Página 10 Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología. Número 160. 2019. BIBLIOGRAFIA Aymard, Gerardo A. & R. Howard. 2004. Polygonaceae. Pp. 347 – 370. In: Berry, P; B. K. Holst & K. Yatskievych (eds.). Flora of the Venezuelan Guyana. Vol. 8 Poaceae – Rubiaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Castillo, P. & G. Juárez. 2018. Confirmación de la presencia de Rutela versicolor Latreille, 1.833 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) en Perú. Graellsia, 74 (2): e075.https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2018.v74.207
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