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I N S E C T S E R I E S HOME & GARDEN Japanese Beetle no. 5.601 by W. Cranshaw1 The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, can be a very damaging insect in both the adult and larval stages. Larvae Quick Facts... chew roots of turfgrasses and it is the most important white grub pest of turfgrass in much of the northeastern quadrant Adult Japanese beetles cause of the United States. Adults also cause serious injury to leaves and serious injuries as they feed on the leaves flowers of many ornamentals, and flowers of many ornamentals, fruits, fruits, and vegetables. Among and vegetables. Among the plants most Figure 1. Japanese beetle. Photo the plants most commonly commonly damaged are rose, grape, courtesy of David Cappaert. damaged are rose, grape, crabapple, and beans. crabapple, and beans. Japanese beetle is also a regulated insect subject to internal quarantines in the United States. The presence of established Japanese beetle populations There are many insects in in Colorado restricts trade. Nursery products originating from Japanese beetle- Colorado that may be mistaken infested states require special treatment or are outright banned from shipment to for Japanese beetle. areas where this insect does not occur. To identify Japanese beetle Current Distribution of the Japanese Beetle consider differences in size, From its original introduction in New Jersey in 1919, Japanese beetle has shape and patterning. greatly expanded its range. It is now generally distributed throughout the country, excluding the extreme southeast. It is also found in parts of Ontario, Canada. Japanese beetle is most commonly transported to new locations with soil surrounding nursery plants. -
Reduction of Population Numbers of Melolontha Spp
Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A – Forestry, 2016, Vol. 58 (2), 87–95 REVIEW ARTICLE DOI: 10.1515/ffp-2016-0010 Reduction of population numbers of Melolontha spp. adults – a review of methods Danuta Woreta Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, Sękocin Stary, Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland, phone: 48 22 7150551, fax: 22 7150557, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The article provides information about control of Melolontha spp. adults, the methods used in the past, chemical pest control as well as treatments applied today. In old times, cockchafer populations were reduced mechanically, by manual collection during the swarming period or by covering soil surfaces to prevent egg lying by females. Chemical pest control methods were introduced in the fifties of the 1900s, and in subsequent 50 years, they were improved to be less and less environmentally threatening. In many countries, including Poland, there have recently been intro- duced progressive restrictions on the use of insecticides in forestry. Banning chemical treatments against cockchaf- ers resulted in going back to traditional methods and seeking alternate solutions, e.g. biological control agents. In the 1990s, polyethylene nets were used to prevent egg laying in the soil by cockchafer females. At the same time, there was tested possible usefulness of a botanical insecticide derived from neem (Azadirachta indica) to combat cock- chafer adults. The net, which needs to be spread flat on the ground, can be effective in orchards, however, in forested areas, the success of this method was limited due to the specific structure of forest land. -
Secondary Production of Paraleptophlebia (Ephemeroptera)
SECONDARY PRODUCTION OF PARALEPTOPHLEBIA (EPHEMEROPTERA) WITHIN THREE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA COASTAL STREAMS by Sarah Beesley A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Science In Natural Resources: Freshwater Fisheries November, 2006 ABSTRACT Secondary production of Paraleptophlebia (Ephemeroptera) within three northern California coastal streams Sarah Beesley Annual production was estimated for the mayfly genus Paraleptophlebia occupying riffle habitats of three coastal streams within the Prairie Creek watershed, California. Monthly invertebrate collections yielded 4,579 Paraleptophlebia nymphs: 1,786 from Prairie Creek, 1,738 from Boyes Creek and 1,055 from Streelow Creek. Paraleptophlebia populations in the three streams were presumed univoltine based on monthly size frequency distributions. Emergence appeared to occur from spring through fall with early instars present from late summer through spring. Models relating ln total length to ln dry mass and ln head width to ln dry mass were developed from fresh Prairie Creek Paraleptophlebia nymphs to estimate dry mass of preserved nymphs. Annual production estimates were 89.7 mg•m-2•yr-1 in Prairie Creek, 69.9 mg•m-2•yr-1 in Boyes Creek and 74.0 mg•m-2•yr-1 in Streelow Creek. Annual production to biomass ratios were 8.56 in Prairie Creek, 11.39 in Boyes Creek and 5.89 in Streelow Creek. Water temperature accumulation was monitored to assess whether differences in thermal regime existed among the three streams. Annual degree day totals were very similar among the streams with values from 3,447 in Streelow Creek, 3,473 in Prairie Creek, and 3,486 in Boyes Creek. -
Torix Rickettsia Are Widespread in Arthropods and Reflect a Neglected Symbiosis
GigaScience, 10, 2021, 1–19 doi: 10.1093/gigascience/giab021 RESEARCH RESEARCH Torix Rickettsia are widespread in arthropods and Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/article/10/3/giab021/6187866 by guest on 05 August 2021 reflect a neglected symbiosis Jack Pilgrim 1,*, Panupong Thongprem 1, Helen R. Davison 1, Stefanos Siozios 1, Matthew Baylis1,2, Evgeny V. Zakharov3, Sujeevan Ratnasingham 3, Jeremy R. deWaard3, Craig R. Macadam4,M. Alex Smith5 and Gregory D. D. Hurst 1 1Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK; 2Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK; 3Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada; 4Buglife – The Invertebrate Conservation Trust, Balallan House, 24 Allan Park, Stirling FK8 2QG, UK and 5Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Summerlee Science Complex, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada ∗Correspondence address. Jack Pilgrim, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. E-mail: [email protected] http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2941-1482 Abstract Background: Rickettsia are intracellular bacteria best known as the causative agents of human and animal diseases. Although these medically important Rickettsia are often transmitted via haematophagous arthropods, other Rickettsia, such as those in the Torix group, appear to reside exclusively in invertebrates and protists with no secondary vertebrate host. Importantly, little is known about the diversity or host range of Torix group Rickettsia. -
Morphology, Taxonomy, and Biology of Larval Scarabaeoidea
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/morphologytaxono12haye ' / ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Volume XII PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS *, URBANA, ILLINOIS I EDITORIAL COMMITTEE John Theodore Buchholz Fred Wilbur Tanner Charles Zeleny, Chairman S70.S~ XLL '• / IL cop TABLE OF CONTENTS Nos. Pages 1. Morphological Studies of the Genus Cercospora. By Wilhelm Gerhard Solheim 1 2. Morphology, Taxonomy, and Biology of Larval Scarabaeoidea. By William Patrick Hayes 85 3. Sawflies of the Sub-family Dolerinae of America North of Mexico. By Herbert H. Ross 205 4. A Study of Fresh-water Plankton Communities. By Samuel Eddy 321 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Vol. XII April, 1929 No. 2 Editorial Committee Stephen Alfred Forbes Fred Wilbur Tanner Henry Baldwin Ward Published by the University of Illinois under the auspices of the graduate school Distributed June 18. 1930 MORPHOLOGY, TAXONOMY, AND BIOLOGY OF LARVAL SCARABAEOIDEA WITH FIFTEEN PLATES BY WILLIAM PATRICK HAYES Associate Professor of Entomology in the University of Illinois Contribution No. 137 from the Entomological Laboratories of the University of Illinois . T U .V- TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 Introduction Q Economic importance Historical review 11 Taxonomic literature 12 Biological and ecological literature Materials and methods 1%i Acknowledgments Morphology ]* 1 ' The head and its appendages Antennae. 18 Clypeus and labrum ™ 22 EpipharynxEpipharyru Mandibles. Maxillae 37 Hypopharynx <w Labium 40 Thorax and abdomen 40 Segmentation « 41 Setation Radula 41 42 Legs £ Spiracles 43 Anal orifice 44 Organs of stridulation 47 Postembryonic development and biology of the Scarabaeidae Eggs f*' Oviposition preferences 48 Description and length of egg stage 48 Egg burster and hatching Larval development Molting 50 Postembryonic changes ^4 54 Food habits 58 Relative abundance. -
An Annotated Checklist of Wisconsin Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera)
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida March 2002 An annotated checklist of Wisconsin Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) Nadine A. Kriska University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI Daniel K. Young University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Kriska, Nadine A. and Young, Daniel K., "An annotated checklist of Wisconsin Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera)" (2002). Insecta Mundi. 537. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/537 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002 3 1 An annotated checklist of Wisconsin Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) Nadine L. Kriska and Daniel K. Young Department of Entomology 445 Russell Labs University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706 Abstract. A survey of Wisconsin Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) conducted from literature searches, collection inventories, and three years of field work (1997-1999), yielded 177 species representing nine families, two of which, Ochodaeidae and Ceratocanthidae, represent new state family records. Fifty-six species (32% of the Wisconsin fauna) represent new state species records, having not previously been recorded from the state. Literature and collection distributional records suggest the potential for at least 33 additional species to occur in Wisconsin. Introduction however, most of Wisconsin's scarabaeoid species diversity, life histories, and distributions were vir- The superfamily Scarabaeoidea is a large, di- tually unknown. -
Eurasian Hemp Borer
Insects that Feed on Hemp – Stem/Stalk Borer, Seed/Flower Chewer Eurasian Hemp Borer Caterpillars of the Eurasian hemp borer (Grapholita delineana) may be found in various parts of hemp plants, developing as a borer. Prior to flowering the insect develops in small stems and branches. After flowering the caterpillars may also feed on the developing seeds. (Note: This insect is also known as the hemp borer, and the Eurasian hemp moth.) The caterpillars (or larvae) are quite small, reaching a maximum size of about 6-8 mm. Younger larvae are cream colored (Fig. 1), with a dark brown head. As they become full-grown and near pupation they become orange or orange-red (Fig. 2). The stage that survives through winter outdoors is a full-grown larva found within the stems/branches or seed heads of hemp. They will transform to the pupal state in late winter/early spring and later emerge as the adult moth (Fig. 3). After mating the females lay eggs on hemp plants. Upon hatch from the egg the caterpillar attempts to tunnel into the plant, often entering at junctions of branches (Figure 4). Points where they do enter are often marked Figure 1 (top). Larva of a Eurasian hemp borer with a bit of loose frass (their sawdust-like within hemp stalk. excrement). The larvae develop within the Figure 2 (bottom). Full-grown larva of Eurasian stem/branch and the sites of injury typically hemp borer, showing the orange or reddish show a slight swelling. coloration typical of the late stage. This insect will also move into seed heads in late summer, feeding on developing seeds or causing wilting of a bud or small flower stalk that it has tunneled. -
Colonization of Ecological Islands: Galling Aphid Populations (Sternorrhyncha: Aphidoidea: Pemphigidae) on Recoveringpistacia Trees After Destruction by Fire
Eur. J. Entomol. 95: 41-53, 1998 ISSN 1210-5759 Colonization of ecological islands: Galling aphid populations (Sternorrhyncha: Aphidoidea: Pemphigidae) on recoveringPistacia trees after destruction by fire D avid WOOL and M oshe INBAR* Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Israel; e-mail: [email protected] Gall-forming aphids, Pemphigidae, Fordinae,Pistacia, fire, recolonization Abstract. Pistacia palaestina (Anacardiaceae) is a common tree in the natural forest of Mt. Carmel, Is rael, and the primary host of five common species of gall-forming aphids (Sternorrhyncha: Aphidoidea: Pemphigidae: Fordinae). After a forest fire, resprouting P. palaestina trees, which are colonized by migrants from outside the burned area, become “ecological islands” for host-specific herbivores. A portion of the Carmel National Park was destroyed by fire in September of 1989. The same winter, thirty-nine resprouting trees that formed green islands in the otherwise barren environment were identified and marked. Tree growth was extraordinarily vigorous during the first year after the fire, but shoot elon gation declined markedly in subsequent years. Recolonization of the 39 “islands” by the Fordinae was studied for six consecutive years. Although the life cycle of the aphids and the deciduous phenology of the tree dictate that the “islands” must be newly recolonized every year, the results of this study show that trees are persistently occupied once colonized. This is probably due to establishment of aphid colonies on the roots of secondary hosts near each tree following the first successful production of a gall. Differences in colonization success of different species could be related to both the abundance of dif ferent aphid species in the unburned forest and the biological characteristics of each aphid species. -
Impacts of Agricultural Management Systems on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Highly Simplified Dryland Landscapes
sustainability Review Impacts of Agricultural Management Systems on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Highly Simplified Dryland Landscapes Subodh Adhikari 1,2,* , Arjun Adhikari 3,4, David K. Weaver 1 , Anton Bekkerman 5 and Fabian D. Menalled 1,* 1 Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173120, Bozeman, MT 59717-3120, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology; 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2329, Moscow, ID 83844-2329, USA 3 Department of Ecology, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717-3460, USA; [email protected] 4 Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 008C Agricultural Hall, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA 5 Department of Agricultural Economics and Economics, P.O. Box 172920, Bozeman, MT 59717-3460, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (F.D.M.) Received: 2 May 2019; Accepted: 9 June 2019; Published: 11 June 2019 Abstract: Covering about 40% of Earth’s land surface and sustaining at least 38% of global population, drylands are key crop and animal production regions with high economic and social values. However,land use changes associated with industrialized agricultural managements are threatening the sustainability of these systems. While previous studies assessing the impacts of agricultural management systems on biodiversity and their services focused on more diversified mesic landscapes, there is a dearth of such research -
What We Have Learned About the Bermudagrass Stem Maggot
WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED ABOUT THE BERMUDAGRASS STEM MAGGOT D.W. Hancock, W.G. Hudson, L.L. Baxter, and J.T. McCullers1 Abstract Since first being discovered in southern Georgia in July 2010, the bermudagrass stem maggot (BSM; Atherigona reversura Villeneuve) has infested and damaged forage bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) throughout the southeastern United States. Our objectives for this presentation were to summarize the available literature on this new, invasive species and provide additional insight from what is currently known about other Atherigona spp. The BSM, along with other Atherigona spp., are small, muscid flies native to Central and Southeast Asia. The adult fly of the BSM lays its eggs on bermudagrass leaves. Upon hatching, the BSM larva slips into the sheath, down the tiller, and penetrates the pseudostem at the first node. The BSM larva then feeds on the vascular tissue, sap, and (potentially) the subsequent decaying plant material before exiting the tiller, pupating in the soil, and emerging as a fly. As a result of the larval feeding, bermudagrass exhibits senescence and necrosis of the terminal leaves on the affected shoots. The affected leaves are easily pulled out of the sheath and show obvious damage near the affected node. In severe infestations, over 80% of the tillers in a given area may be affected. There is a paucity of information about the lifecycle of A. reversura and how it can be managed or controlled, but some information is available on basic larva behavior, fly physiology, and the potential differences in resistance among some bermudagrass varieties. Additional research is underway to better understand the lifecycle of this species, confirm and quantify the degree of preference A. -
Anza-Borrego Desert State Park Bibliography Compiled and Edited by Jim Dice
Steele/Burnand Anza-Borrego Desert Research Center University of California, Irvine UCI – NATURE and UC Natural Reserve System California State Parks – Colorado Desert District Anza-Borrego Desert State Park & Anza-Borrego Foundation Anza-Borrego Desert State Park Bibliography Compiled and Edited by Jim Dice (revised 1/31/2019) A gaggle of geneticists in Borrego Palm Canyon – 1975. (L-R, Dr. Theodosius Dobzhansky, Dr. Steve Bryant, Dr. Richard Lewontin, Dr. Steve Jones, Dr. TimEDITOR’S Prout. Photo NOTE by Dr. John Moore, courtesy of Steve Jones) Editor’s Note The publications cited in this volume specifically mention and/or discuss Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, locations and/or features known to occur within the present-day boundaries of Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, biological, geological, paleontological or anthropological specimens collected from localities within the present-day boundaries of Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, or events that have occurred within those same boundaries. This compendium is not now, nor will it ever be complete (barring, of course, the end of the Earth or the Park). Many, many people have helped to corral the references contained herein (see below). Any errors of omission and comission are the fault of the editor – who would be grateful to have such errors and omissions pointed out! [[email protected]] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As mentioned above, many many people have contributed to building this database of knowledge about Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. A quantum leap was taken somewhere in 2016-17 when Kevin Browne introduced me to Google Scholar – and we were off to the races. Elaine Tulving deserves a special mention for her assistance in dealing with formatting issues, keeping printers working, filing hard copies, ignoring occasional foul language – occasionally falling prey to it herself, and occasionally livening things up with an exclamation of “oh come on now, you just made that word up!” Bob Theriault assisted in many ways and now has a lifetime job, if he wants it, entering these references into Zotero. -
Eurasian Hemp Borer
Insects that Feed on Hemp – Stem/Stalk Borer, Leaf Chewer Eurasian Hemp Borer The Eurasian hemp borer (Grapholita delineana) is the caterpillar (larval) stage of a small moth that tunnels into stems and buds of Cannabis. (It is also known as the Eurasian hemp moth and hemp borer.) This species is presently known only to occur east of the Rocky Mountains, and is widespread in eastern Colorado. Most of the observed damage by this insect occurs when the caterpillars (larvae) tunnel into the base of developing buds, girdling the stem at the base of the bud, which then wilts and dies. Larval tunneling may also cause some stunting and distortion of stems and stalks, perhaps with some effect on yield. Damage to developing seed has also been reported. Eurasian hemp borer larva in stem at the base of a bud The Eurasian hemp borer has potential to be a significant insect pest of this crop in eastern Colorado, particularly of crops grown for pharmaceutical purposes (e.g., CBD) and seed. It also will likely become more commonly encountered in the crop as hemp cultivation continues and expands. Life History and Habits. The caterpillars are quite small, reaching a maximum size of about 6-8 mm. Early stage caterpillars are cream colored with a dark head. Last stage caterpillars have a reddish-orange coloration. The last stage larvae are much more commonly noticed than younger larvae that blend in color with the pith of the plant. Often they are noticed during harvest or when they get dislodged from plants during drying.