DOCSLIB.ORG

US-China Trade Issues After the WTO and the PNTR

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
US-China Trade Issues After the WTO and the PNTR Hoover Press : EPP 103 DP5 HPEP03FM01 08-01-9900 16:30:43 rev1 page i U.S.-CHINA TRADE ISSUES AFTER THE WTO AND THE PNTR DEAL A Chinese Perspective Jialin Zhang HOOVER INSTITUTION on War, Revolution and Peace Stanford University 2000 Hoover Press : EPP 103 DP5 HPEP03FM01 08-01-9900 16:30:43 rev1 page ii The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, founded at Stanford University in 1919 by Herbert Hoover, who went on to become the thirty-first president of the United States, is an interdisciplinary research center for advanced study on domestic and international affairs. The views expressed in its publications are entirely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the staff, officers, or Board of Overseers of the Hoover Institution. www.hoover.org Essays in Public Policy No. 103 Copyright 2000 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Material contained in this essay may be quoted with appropriate citation. First printing, 2000 Manufactured in the United States of America 050403020100987654321 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chang, Chia-lin. U.S.-China trade issues after the WTO and PNTR deal : a Chinese perspective / Jialin Zhang. p. cm. — (Hoover essays in public policy; no. 103) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8179-4382-X (alk. paper) 1. United States—Foreign economic relations—China. 2. China—Foreign economic relations—United States. 3. Balance of trade—United States. 4. Export controls—United States. 5. Capital movements—China. 6. United States—Commerce—China. 7. China—Commerce—United States. I. Title: US-China trade issues after the WTO and PNTR deal : a Chinese perspective. II. Title. III. Essays in public policy ; no. 103. HF1456.5.C6 C48 2000 337.51073—dc21 00-058067 Hoover Press : EPP 103 DP5 HPEP03FM01 08-01-9900 16:30:43 rev1 page iii Executive Summary The U.S.-China trade agreement reached in November 1999 and the recent granting to China of permanent normal trade relations status by the U.S. Congress would pave the way for China’s entry into the World Trade Organization. Since the United States has long complained about the huge trade deficit with China, this accord should improve the bilateral trade balance in favor of the United States. Nevertheless, many long-standing trade issues between the United States and China remain unresolved. The major issue is the totally different estimates of the bilateral trade imbalance by the two countries. According to U.S. data, the United States runs a staggering merchandise deficit with China, whereas China puts this figure much lower. The main reason for the big discrep- ancy is how to treat Chinese exports to the United States and U.S. exports to China via Hong Kong. Many American and Chinese econ- omists argue that the U.S. estimates grossly understate the real value of U.S. exports to China, distort the bilateral trade balance, and swell the U.S. trade deficit with China. Another factor is the influence of capital flow. Most Chinese export goods to the United States are produced by outward-processing firms. Most returns accrue to the United States and other foreign owners of these firms, whereas China earns only a negli- gible processing fee. Taking into account these fctors, the U.S. trade imbalance with China is significantly smaller than the U.S. official data suggest. There is no reason to make this issue a hostage in the U.S. domestic partisan struggle and thus poison U.S.-China political rela- tions. Other trade issues include U.S. export control and sanctions against China, China’s alleged currency manipulation, and linking human rights to trade. If both countries can settle them through negotiations on an equal footing, U.S.-China economic cooperation will have a bright future. American capital, technology, and managerial skills com- bined with China’s huge market, low-cost labor, and resources will bring tremendous benefits to both countries. Hoover Press : EPP 103 DP5 HPEP030100 08-01-9900 16:31:25 rev1 page 1 U.S.-CHINA TRADE ISSUES AFTER THE WTO AND THE PNTR DEAL A Chinese Perspective After thirteen years of hard bargains and dashed hopes, China and the United States finally reached a trade agreement in mid-November 1999. American companies would not get the full benefits, however, until the U.S. Congress agreed to make China’s normal trade relations perma- nent. Half a year later, on May 24, 2000, the U.S. House of Represen- tatives approved historic legislation granting China permanent normal trade relations (PNTR), which is a prerequisite for implementing the U.S.-China trade deal of last November. Both measures would pave the way for China’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO). The new U.S.-China trade deal, described by government officials of both countries as mutually beneficial, should resolve many of China’s market access and other bilateral economic issues from the past in a positive way. In terms of bilateral trade relations, however, this accord has not resolved all problems. Because of the differences of both countries in social system, ideology, culture, and, particularly, worsening bilateral political relations, Sino-U.S. trade relations have been fraught with frictions and disputes in the past decade. Even after China’s formal entry The views expressed in this essay are those of the author. It reflects views neither of the Chinese government nor of the Hoover Institution. Hoover Press : EPP 103 DP5 HPEP030100 08-01-9900 16:31:25 rev1 page 2 2 Jialin Zhang into the World Trade Organization and the United States’ granting PNTR status to China, these problems will remain. From the Chinese perspective, there are four major issues: dispute over the trade imbalance derived from different methods of calculating trade figures; U.S. eco- nomic sanctions against China and U.S. technology export control; alleged “currency manipulation”; and human rights linked to trade re- lations. Thus, China-U.S. trade could remain a hot political issue in the United States and continue to strain bilateral relations. This essay intends to provide a Chinese perspective on these issues to the Amer- ican public. Hopefully, this would facilitate mutual understanding, en- couraging both countries to settle them at the working level, and finally defusing the trade issues and taking them out of the overall China-U.S. relationship. Benefit Distribution Although China’s entry into the WTO signifies that “a historic door has been opened,” as Mike Moore, director-general of the WTO, put it, no one expects immediate economic consequences from the deal. But the long-term benefits for both China and the United States are indisputable. For China, as many observers noted, this accord will in- tegrate China with the world marketplace, give new impetus to its current sluggish domestic demand, restructure its economy toward be- coming market oriented, and reinforce the rule of law. For the United States, it has achieved the long-sought goal of entering the last huge market in the world. In the beginning, the economic benefits might be unevenly distrib- uted among different industries of both countries. Since the United States has long complained about the alleged huge trade deficit with China, this accord should improve the bilateral trade balance in favor of the United States. The major gains for the United States involve market access and tariff reduction. Overall, the Chinese tariff level will decline from an Hoover Press : EPP 103 DP5 HPEP030100 08-01-9900 16:31:25 rev1 page 3 U.S.-China Trade Issues 3 average of 24.6 percent to 9.4 percent. As a result, U.S. exports to China are likely to grow faster, in percentage terms, than imports. The U.S. International Trade Commission estimated that reducing the Chinese tariff would boost U.S. exports by about 10 percent and its imports from China by about 6.9 percent. It would also create more U.S. high-paying export-related jobs in such fields as aerospace and the automobile in- dustry. More favorable terms in the deal are in the U.S. agriculture sector, where the Chinese tariff will drop from 22 percent to 14.5–15 percent, or even lower, by 2004. Thus U.S. cotton, wheat, corn, and soybeans will see a big surge in exports to China. In the meantime, China has committed to eliminate all quantitative restriction and adopt tariff-rate quotas (TRQ, i.e., a system in which imports up to the quota level are charged a minimal tariff—usually 1–3 percent—and above that level a high tariff). This system provides a strong incentive for state enterprises to purchase bulk commodities at world market rates. In addition, China will end export subsidies of agriculture commodities. This should be regarded as a major concession from the Chinese side given that total elimination of agricultural export subsidies will not be discussed until the next WTO round after 2000. Overall, the U.S. Department of Agriculture estimated that American farm exports to China would rise by $2 billion within five years. Another important beneficiary is the U.S. automobile sector. In a separate package, China agreed to phase down its tariff from 80–100 percent to 25 percent on cars, from 50 percent to 10 percent on parts by 2006 and to grant foreign car manufacturers the authority to provide financing for car purchases from the date of China’s WTO accession. In addition, foreign auto companies are given full distribution rights and trading rights, which means that foreign companies will be able to import and export without Chinese middlemen and provide after-sale repair and maintenance.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2016-2017 CCKF Annual Report
    2016-2017 INTRODUCTION The Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange (the Foundation) was established in 1989 in memory of the outstanding achievements of the late President of the Republic of China, Chiang Ching- kuo (1910-1988). The Foundation’s mission is to promote the study of Chinese culture and society, as well as enhance international scholarly exchange. Its principal work is to award grants and fellowships to institutions and individuals conducting Sinological and Taiwan-related research, thereby adding new life to Chinese cultural traditions while also assuming responsibility for the further development of human civilization. Operational funds supporting the Foundation’s activities derive from interest generated from an endowment donated by both the public and private sectors. As of June 1, 2017, the size of this endowment totaled NT$3.62 billion. The Foundation is governed by its Board of Directors (consisting of between 15 and 21 Board Members), as well as 3 Supervisors. Our central headquarters is located in Taipei, Taiwan, with a regional office near Washington D.C. in McLean, Virginia. In addition, the Foundation currently maintains four overseas centers: the Chiang Ching-kuo International Sinological Center at Charles University in Prague (CCK-ISC); the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation Inter-University Center for Sinology at Harvard University (CCK-IUC); the Chinese University of Hong Kong – Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation Asia-Pacific Centre for Chinese Studies (CCK-APC); and the European Research Center on Contemporary Taiwan – A CCK Foundation Overseas Center at Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen (CCKF-ERCCT). There are also review committees for the five regions covering the geographic scope of the Foundation’s operations: Domestic, American, European, Asia-Pacific and Developing.
    [Show full text]
  • Thirty Years Connecting Asia with Stanford University
    Thirty Years Connecting Asia with Stanford University 1 Welcome 2 Shorenstein APARC Leadership, 1983–2013 3 Director’s Message 4 1983–1989 Asia’s Emergence 6 1990–1996 Asia After the Cold War 8 1997–2005 Asian Financial Crisis / The War on Terror 10 2006–present China’s Rise / Crisis in Korea 12 Research 14 Events 16 Outreach 18 People 20 Programs: AHPP / Corporate Affiliates / JSP / KSP / SCP / SEAF 32 Publications 34 Supporting Shorenstein APARC 36 Photo credits Welcome to the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, a unique Stanford University institution focused on the interdisciplinary study of contemporary Asia. A visionary group of Stanford scholars established the Center three decades ago to address the need for research on Asia that — rather than being siloed by discipline and by country — reached across departments, from sociology to engineering, and looked at Asia in a regional context. The Center’s work was imbued with the desire to promote cooperation rather than the distrust of the Cold War. We take great pride in our contribution to the growing understanding of Asia’s global significance, and to the improvement in U.S.-Asia relationships developing today. The following pages provide a glimpse of how Shorenstein APARC has fulfilled its mission over the past thirty years, by producing outstanding interdisciplinary research; by educating students and the next generation of scholars; by promoting constructive interaction in the pursuit of influencing U.S. policy toward Asia-Pacific regions; and by contributing to how Asian nations understand issues key to regional cooperation and to their relations with the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Douglas Webster Involving More Than Twenty-Five U.S
    Asia/Pacific Research Center Stanford University 1998-1999 Year in review www.stanford.edu/group/APARC/ The Asia/Pacific Research Center (A/PARC) TABLE OF CONTENTS at Stanford University is ideally positioned to lead the study of Asia into the 2 Message from the Director next millennium. At A/PARC, Stanford faculty and students, visiting scholars, and distinguished business and government leaders from the Asia 4 Institutional Developments Pacific region come together to examine contemporary Asia and U.S. 7 Research Projects involvement in the region. Established in 1978, there are now over sixty 16 Special Essay Section: Challenges for Asia at the Beginning Stanford faculty and over ninety non-Stanford individuals associated with of the Twenty-First Century A/PARC. The Center has become an important venue for Asian and U.S. Malaysia and Indonesia in 1999: Crackdown and Uproar leaders to meet and exchange views, and to examine economic, political, Donald Emmerson technological, strategic, and social issues of lasting significance. Indonesia at the Millennium Walter Falcon Reforming the Communist Party: Located within Stanford’s Institute for International Studies (IIS), A/PARC China’s Challenge in the Twenty-First Century conducts research, sponsors seminars and conferences, and publishes Michel Oksenberg research findings and studies, occasional papers, special reports, and East Asia’s Urban Revolution James Raphael with Thomas Rohlen and books. A/PARC has an active industrial affiliates and training program, Douglas Webster involving more than twenty-five U.S. and Asian companies and Challenges for Asia in the Next Century public agencies. Members of A/PARC’s faculty have held high-level posts Henry Rowen in government and business, and their interdisciplinary expertise generates 24 Major Conferences and Seminars significant policy recommendations for both the public and private sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundation for International
    Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange 簡史 「蔣經國國際學術交流基金會」於一九八九年一月十二日正式成立，是中華民國第 一個面向國際的學術獎助機構，由政府與民間共同捐助成立。 由臺灣出資設立一個推動國際漢學研究獎助機構的構想最早源自一九八六年，許倬 雲、余英時、張光直等多位任教於北美之華裔教授，因憂心海外漢學研究式微，集 體上書故總統 經國先生，倡議成立一國際學術基金會，以振興國際漢學研究與學 術交流為宗旨，此一構想得到 經國先生之讚許，遂責成當時之行政院長俞國華與 教育部長李煥開始著手研議。 一九八七年毛高文先生接任教育部長，為了更有效運用國際文教交流的資源，亦有 設置獨立的國際學術獎助機構之規劃，與之前研議中的構想不謀而合，基金會的籌 備工作乃全面展開。然而 經國先生已於一九八八年元月十三日逝世，未及親自目 睹其成立，也絲毫沒有料想到在他身後，基金會的政府與民間發起人決定將此尚未 命名的機構正式定名為「蔣經國國際學術交流基金會」，以推崇其保存與發揚中華 文化的基本信念。負責籌備的教育部長毛高文與學術界俊彥，自始即堅持要確立基 金會的「純學術」定位，且以「中華文化」作為聚焦之核心，並深信以此方式緬懷 經國先生，當有極深遠之意義。基金會成立後，首任董事長由李國鼎先生擔任， 李亦園先生擔任執行長；同年十月並於華府成立美洲辦事處，由許倬雲先生擔任北 美分會主席。 本會成立之宗旨，除獎助、提倡有關中華文化之研究外，並積極推動國內外之學術 交流。三十年來在李國鼎、俞國華、李亦園、毛高文四位前任董事長，以及錢復董 事長、朱雲漢執行長的帶領下，秉持「堅守學術獨立」與「走向國際化」的原則， 積極耕耘，使本會在國際間建立良好之學術聲譽，對促進國內外漢學研究及學術交 流，績效卓著。如今「蔣經國基金會」已是全球學術獎助機構的標竿之一，亦是倡 導漢學研究的重要推手。 本會現任董事長錢復先生自二○一九年六月接任以來，更明確指示本會同仁要持續 堅守學術本位之立場，以確保本會國際學術交流宗旨之延續，維護得來不易之國際 聲譽。未來本會將攜手與國內學術界發揮本身的優勢定位，立足臺灣、放眼世界， 扮演中華文化傳承者的角色；並希望能進一步推動兩岸三地的漢學研究與整合，為 中華文化的傳承與轉化注入新的動力，共同承擔引領二十一世紀人類文明發展的重 責大任。 4 Brief History The Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange was formally established on January 12, 1989, being supported by both the ROC government and private organizations, while also earning distinction as Taiwan’s first international academic organization. The inspiration for establishing the Foundation dates back to the year 1986, when Cho- yun Hsu, Ying-shih Yu, Kwang-chih Chang, and other scholars of Chinese descent at major North American
    [Show full text]
  • The Growth of Freedoms in China
    The Growth of Freedoms in China Henry S. Rowen This paper has been adapted from the author’s article “The Short March: China’s Road to Democracy”, which first appeared in The National Interest (no. 45, Fall 1996, pp. 61–70). This revised version is being circulated in preliminary form as an A/PARC Working Paper. Once the sourcing and references are complete, it will be pub- lished in finished form as an A/PARC Occasional Paper. April 2001 1 2 About the Author Henry S. Rowen is co-director of the Asia/Pacific Research Center. He is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and a professor of public policy and management emeritus at Stanford’s Graduate School of Business. Professor Rowen is an expert on international security, economic development, and Asian economics and politics, as well as U.S. institu- tions and economic performance. His current research focuses on global regions of innova- tion, economic growth prospects for the developing world, political and economic change in East Asia, and the tenets of federalism. Among his numerous publications, recent notewor- thy writings include “Catch Up. Why Poor Countries are Becoming Richer, Democratic, Increasingly Peaceable, and Sometimes More Dangerous,” (A/PARC, August 1999), and “Cool on Global Warming,” co-authored with John Weyant (The National Interest, Fall 1999). Professor Rowen is the editor of Behind East Asian Growth: The Political and Social Foundations of Prosperity (Routledge Press, 1998). As part of his work with A/PARC’s Silicon Valley Networks research project—now known as the Stanford Project on Regions of Innovation and Entrepreneurship (SPRIE)—Professor Rowen also co-edited, with Chong- Moon Lee, William F.
    [Show full text]
  • 香港特別行政區排名名單 the Precedence List of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
    二零二一年九月 September 2021 香港特別行政區排名名單 THE PRECEDENCE LIST OF THE HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION 1. 行政長官 林鄭月娥女士，大紫荊勳賢，GBS The Chief Executive The Hon Mrs Carrie LAM CHENG Yuet-ngor, GBM, GBS 2. 終審法院首席法官 張舉能首席法官，大紫荊勳賢 The Chief Justice of the Court of Final The Hon Andrew CHEUNG Kui-nung, Appeal GBM 3. 香港特別行政區前任行政長官(見註一) Former Chief Executives of the HKSAR (See Note 1) 董建華先生，大紫荊勳賢 The Hon TUNG Chee Hwa, GBM 曾蔭權先生，大紫荊勳賢 The Hon Donald TSANG, GBM 梁振英先生，大紫荊勳賢，GBS, JP The Hon C Y LEUNG, GBM, GBS, JP 4. 政務司司長 李家超先生，SBS, PDSM, JP The Chief Secretary for Administration The Hon John LEE Ka-chiu, SBS, PDSM, JP 5. 財政司司長 陳茂波先生，大紫荊勳賢，GBS, MH, JP The Financial Secretary The Hon Paul CHAN Mo-po, GBM, GBS, MH, JP 6. 律政司司長 鄭若驊女士，大紫荊勳賢，GBS, SC, JP The Secretary for Justice The Hon Teresa CHENG Yeuk-wah, GBM, GBS, SC, JP 7. 立法會主席 梁君彥議員，大紫荊勳賢，GBS, JP The President of the Legislative Council The Hon Andrew LEUNG Kwan-yuen, GBM, GBS, JP - 2 - 行政會議非官守議員召集人 陳智思議員，大紫荊勳賢，GBS, JP The Convenor of the Non-official The Hon Bernard Charnwut CHAN, Members of the Executive Council GBM, GBS, JP 其他行政會議成員 Other Members of the Executive Council 史美倫議員，大紫荊勳賢，GBS, JP The Hon Mrs Laura CHA SHIH May-lung, GBM, GBS, JP 李國章議員，大紫荊勳賢，GBS, JP Prof the Hon Arthur LI Kwok-cheung, GBM, GBS, JP 周松崗議員，大紫荊勳賢，GBS, JP The Hon CHOW Chung-kong, GBM, GBS, JP 羅范椒芬議員，大紫荊勳賢，GBS, JP The Hon Mrs Fanny LAW FAN Chiu-fun, GBM, GBS, JP 黃錦星議員，GBS, JP 環境局局長 The Hon WONG Kam-sing, GBS, JP Secretary for the Environment # 林健鋒議員，GBS, JP The Hon Jeffrey LAM Kin-fung, GBS, JP 葉國謙議員，大紫荊勳賢，GBS, JP The Hon
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Denise Hare September 2019 DENISE HARE Economics Department Reed College 3203 SE Woodstock Boulevard Portland, OR 97202-819
    Denise Hare September 2019 DENISE HARE Economics Department Reed College 3203 SE Woodstock Boulevard Portland, OR 97202-8199 Tel (503) 517-7463 Fax (503) 777-7769 Email [email protected] CURRENT POSITION Dr. Lester B. Lave Professor of Economics, Reed College. EDUCATION Ph.D., Economics, Stanford University, 1992. Certificate in Chinese Studies, Johns Hopkins University-Nanjing University Center for Chinese and American Studies, 1988. B.A., cum laude, Economics, Carleton College, 1983. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2013-present Dr. Lester B. Lave Professor of EconomiCs, Reed College. Courses include: Economics of Development; Economics of Population, Gender, and Race; Jobs, Technology and Trade; Asian Economies in Transition; Collectivization and Decollectivization in the PRC; Introductory Economics; Survey of Econometric Methods; Theory and Practice of Econometrics; Microeconomic Theory; Intermediate Macroeconomics, Economics of Collectives, and Economics of the Family. 2002-2015 InstruCtor and ResearCh Mentor, Beijing University. Research training program for young women economists in China sponsored by the Ford Foundation. 2009-2013 Professor of EconomiCs, Reed College. 1999-2008 Associate Professor of EconomiCs, Reed College. 2000-2001 Field researCh, hosted by Vietnam National University. Conducted interviews in Hanoi and in five rural communes throughout Vietnam. 1992-1998 Assistant Professor of EconomiCs, Reed College. 1995-1997 Postdoctoral Fellow, Economics Department, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University. 1996 Consultant to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Assisted with preparation of background report and terms of reference for subsequent main mission on township and village enterprise development in China. 1996 Consultant for Swedish International Development Agency-funded project on Social Policy to Assist Vulnerable Groups in Vietnam.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy and Security in East Asia
    Energy and Security in East Asia Michael May January 1998 This paper is part of a research project, “America’s Alliances with Japan and Korea in a Changing Northeast Asia,” initiated in the fall of 1996 at the Asia/Pacific Research Center. i ii Contents Abstract v Introduction 1 Energy Demand Growth 5 China 5 Japan 11 Republic of Korea 11 North Korea 12 Taiwan 12 Energy Supplies and Choices 13 World and Indigenous Supplies 13 Coal 13 Oil 15 Gas 17 Hydro 18 Nuclear 18 Capital Requirements 20 Possible Causes for Deviations from the Base Case 21 Internal Chinese Causes 21 Hostilities Affecting East Asia 22 Recession or Depression Abroad 23 Dependencies and Insecurities 24 Dependence on World Markets for Oil and Gas 24 Transnational Pollution 26 Coal Emissions 26 iii Global Warming 27 Nuclear Energy 28 Safety 28 Fuel-Cycle Issues 29 Nuclear Material Diversion 29 Policy Implications for the United States 30 A Brief Historical Look 30 The Present Strategic Context 33 U.S. Policy Options 35 China’s WTO Membership 35 Global Warming and Transnational Pollution 36 The Middle East 37 Offshore Oil and Gas 37 Nuclear Energy 38 Other Developing Countries 39 Notes 40 iv Abstract This study examines the likely security consequences of the continued growth in energy consumption in East Asia, and in particular: • The dimensions of that growth which are likely to have an effect on international security. • The dependencies and insecurities created by that continued growth. • The policy guidance that can be derived for the United States from a review of those dependencies and insecurities.
    [Show full text]
  • Fra Matematikk Til Moral
    Fra matematikk til moral Månedsbrev 12/2017 Xi Jinping ønsker seg partimedlemmer som ikke er korrupte. Fordi deres egne holdninger og verdier tilsier at man ikke skal være det. Arne Jon Isachsen Centre for Monetary Economics (CME) © Arne Jon Isachsen 2 South China Morning Post er Hong Kongs At Partiet har den ledende rollen i viktigste avis. I en artikkel her den 26. samfunnet, står innskrevet i Kinas oktober i år konstaterer professor Lawrence konstitusjon. At også næringslivet legger J. Lau at mer enn hundretusen embetsmenn vekt på dette er nytt. De interne retnings- og høytstående medlemmer av Det linjene i stadig flere foretak bekrefter kinesiske kommunistpartiet har blitt tatt Partiets betydning – hvilket gjenspeiler for korrupsjon og straffet de senere år. Det villighet til å være mer lydhøre overfor samme gjelder om lag 30 prosent av politiske innspill og behov. Omstillinger i offiserene i det militæret med rang av økonomien initiert av Partiet, som general. Noen av dem drev med kjøp og nedleggelse av “zombieforetak” som salg av militære grader. egentlig burde vært slått konkurs men som holdes opp ved kreditter fra statlige Partiet har full kontroll over kampen mot banker, blir enklere. Mer generelt, Partiets korrupsjon. Historikeren Zhang Lifan mål om en mer markedstilpasset økonomi fremholder at Xi Jinping er engstelig for at ut fra ønsket om en mer effektiv bredere deltakelse fra folket vil kunne produksjon lar seg lettere innfri når skape kaos på linje med det Kina erfarte bedriftene selv er innstilt på å godta under kulturrevolusjonen (1966-1976).1 markedets dom, som tidvis kan være både brutal og urimelig.
    [Show full text]
  • 1529480511778 75.Pdf
    Addr.: School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University Beijing, P.R.China, 100084 Tel: (86-10)62772497 Fax: (86-10)62772497 E-mail: [email protected] http://cideg.cemf.net.cn 2015 CIDEG ANNUAL REPORT About CIDEG Officially found on September 27th, 2005, the Center for Industrial Development and Environmental Governance (CIDEG) of Tsinghua University serves as a center of excellence for policy research, academic exchange, graduate education, and on-the-job training on industrial development, environmental governance, and institutional transition. The long-term goals of the Center are to promote education and research on public policy and management in China and to enhance the communication, understanding, and cooperation among the academic, business, non-profit, and public sectors. The Center for Industrial Development and Environmental Governance (CIDEG) is very grateful for the unconditional sponsorship provided by the Toyota Motor Corporation. Since its establishment, CIDEG dedicated to organize various research projects and academic activities, with the involvement of numerous famous scholars, to construct its own research team and academic network, and to publish various research findings, which have made great achievements and significant influence. All these efforts prepared CIDEG for one of the world-class think tanks. CIDEG 10th Anniversary Ceremony on October 25th, 2015 CIDEG1 Board of Directors ■ Chairman of the Board CHEN Qingtai Former Deputy Director, Development Research Center of the State Council Founding Dean, School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University ■ Board Members (in alphabetical order) AOKI Masahiko (1938.4—2015.7) DONG Changzheng Emeritus Professor, Stanford University Former President, the International Executive Vice President, Economic Association Toyota Motor (China) Investment CO.LTD.
    [Show full text]
  • City Research Online
    City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Huo, S. and Parmar, I. ORCID: 0000-0001-8688-9020 (2019). 'A new type of great power relationship'? Gramsci, Kautsky and the role of the Ford Foundation's transformational elite knowledge networks in China. Review of International Political Economy, doi: 10.1080/09692290.2019.1625427 This is the accepted version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/23576/ Link to published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2019.1625427 Copyright: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. Reuse: Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] 1 ‘A new type of great power relationship’? Gramsci, Kautsky and the role of the Ford Founda- tion’s transformational elite knowledge networks in China Abstract: Challenging conflictual Realist and optimistic liberal-internationalist arguments about full- scale integration of China into the US-led order, this article uses Gramsci’s concept of hegemony and Kautsky’s concept of ultra-imperialism to explore US hegemony’s influence in transforming China and to characterize the relationship.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014-2015 CCKF Annual Report
    2014-2015 INTRODUCTION The Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange (the Foundation) was established in 1989 in memory of the outstanding achievements of the late President of the Republic of China, Chiang Ching- kuo (1910-1988). The Foundation’s mission is to promote the study of Chinese culture and society, as well as enhance international scholarly exchange. Its principal work is to award grants and fellowships to institutions and individuals conducting Sinological and Taiwan-related research, thereby adding new life to Chinese cultural traditions while also assuming responsibility for the further development of human civilization. Operational funds supporting the Foundation’s activities derive from dividends and interest generated from an endowment donated by both the public and private sectors. As of June 1, 2015, the size of this endowment totaled NT$3.62 billion. The Foundation is governed by its Board of Directors (consisting of between 15 and 21 Board Members), as well as 3 Supervisors. Our central headquarters is located in Taipei, Taiwan, with a regional office near Washington D.C. in McLean, Virginia. In addition, the Foundation currently maintains four overseas centers: the Chiang Ching-kuo International Sinological Centre at Charles University in Prague (CCK-ISC); the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation Inter-University Center for Sinology at Harvard University (CCK-IUC); The Chinese University of Hong Kong – Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation Asia-Pacific Centre for Chinese Studies (CCK-APC); and the European Research Center on Contemporary Taiwan – A CCK Foundation Overseas Center at Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen (CCKF-ERCCT). There are also review committees for the four regions covering the geographic scope of the Foundation’s operations: Domestic, American, European, and Asia-Pacific.
    [Show full text]