7 Days 16 February I972

N THE UNBUILT PANTHEON to the warlords of the IAmerican adventure in Indo­ china, an appropriately roomy LAOS: niche should be reserved for G. (for George) McMurtrie Godley III, Richard Nixon’s proconsul to the lacerated little kingdom of George McMurtrie Godley III, Laos. Just as only nineteenth-century Britain could have produced the charge of the Light Brigade, so it is inconceiv­ The Man who Loves Bombs able that “Mac” Godley, or the “viceroy” as he is often called here, could spring from anything except the by T. D. Allman bedrock of twentieth-century American supposedly neutral Laotian territory for electric generators — Godley proudly imperium. Godley - middle fifties, over operations in Cambodia, and once told diplomatic colleagues that his six feet tall and 200 pounds around, summed up his approach to the Laotian dinner table sat even more than the booming voice, insatiable appetite for problem by telling a group of visitors French ambassador’s, and invited them food, wine, power and war - manages that “the only good communist is one in for Beluga caviar to prove it. More to combine the quintessentially six feet under the ground.” recently, Godley boasted across a diplo­ American traits of Theodore Rossevelet Godley’s style of public service matic dinner table of buying several on safari, Doctor Strangelove in his assumed its defining form in the mid- score crates of a rare vintage of Chateau B-52, and the Eagle on the Great Seal of 1960s, when he served as U.S. ambas­ Lafite Rothschild. “It would all be the United States glaring down on the sador to the Congo. There, as in Laos, rather refreshing,” one Vientiane resi­ latest subversive. In addition, Godley is Godley commanded a clandestine force dent commented, “if he didn’t fight the rather likeable, if one has never seen a of U.S. war planes and mercenaries — war the same way he behaves at dinner war-torn Laotian village or a little child and played a central role in crushing the table.” with a phospherous scar instead of a Stanleyville uprising and grooming Godley’s performance as American face. President Joseph Mobutu as a military proconsul in America’s least viable When Godley arrived in Laos more strongman upon whom the Americans client state indeed seems more pertinent than two years ago, he was faced with a could rely. to an assessment of his term in Laos deteriorating American position, and In Laos, Godley frequently acts — than his social habits. In military circles, the fundamental choice of either escal­ and talks — as though he were still back Godley is often called “the colonel”, ating or fostering U.S. disengagement. putting down mutinies by African because of his preoccupation with Characteristically, Godley chose to “savages”. On one occasion he grabbed military tactics. Significantly, his escalate. He invaded the communist- the lapels of a non-white fellow ambas­ predecessor, William H. Sullivan — held Plain of Jars, catching the North sador, shook him, and shouted, “You currently a Deputy Assistant Secretary Vietnamese and Pathet Lao off-balance. clear everything you say to the press of State — was called the “field The cost, however, was high. The with me.” Another time he dumped a marshall”, because of the political con­ invasion meant a new escalation of the dossier of CIA-collected remarks, siderations to which he subordinated U.S. effort in Laos; it turned the once critical of himself, made by another military activity. heavily-populated Plain of Jars into a ambassador, on the offender’s desk in The distinction in nicknames seems mercilessly bombed U.S. free-fire zone, the course of a courtesy call. Once, the key to Godley’s approach to Laos. and made about 20,000 hapless Laotian when learning that a local institution He is known to believe in “getting along villagers homeless. Most importantly, was failing to produce enough artificial with the (U.S.) military” rather than Godley’s invasion prompted a Senate limbs to rehabilitate U.S. bombing restraining them, and in several investigation into America’s furtive yet victims, Godley remarked, “The important situations, has misinterpreted manifold involvement here. problem with that operation is that it communist restraint for a North At the height of the furore over the isn’t being run by a white man.” Vietnamese defeat. Perhaps with this in invasion of the Plain, Godley happened Both Godley and his second wife, a mind, one communist diplomat recently to be asked if he had any difficulty woman of part-Greek parentage, do not said, “Even if a solution were possible, I living with a job that required him so conceal their admiration for right-wing do not see how we could negotiate it often to make decisions involving the military regimes, Recently, while Mrs. with a man like Godley” . A CIA agent, lives, and deaths, of thousands of Godley was cruising the Aegean on a based in Saigon, was even more blunt. people. relative’s yacht, the ambassador, at a “The guy’s in love with bombs”, he “Hell, no,” the American ambassador Vientiane dinner party, stoutly main­ said. “Every American ambassador at replied, slapping his interrogator on the tained that the Greek colonels were first thinks he can win the war in six months; then he gets smashed in the back, “I’m having a marvellous time.” “the best government "that country has “Mac” Godley: their man in Laos. He is having a wonderful time there. By his own account, Godley, a ever had.” face. The extraordinary thing about native of New York, Godley attended Despite his upper-crust credentials, Godley is that he doesn’t learn.” self-proclaimed disciple of the late John Godley’s private views, he concedes, the exclusive Hotchkiss School well Godley’s most characteristic attributes Whatever Godley’s drawbacks, how­ Foster Dulles, still is having a marvellous have strongly affected his view of his before the American private school are a bluntness and zest for oneupman- ever, indications are that he will time, even if Laos is not. In the war function in Laos, which he is known to system, modelled on the British public ship that at times seems more character­ continue dominating Laos for some zone, Godley steadily has eliminated regard as doing everything possible to schools, acquired its present reputation istic of a Middle American bowling time. President Nixon, according to the virtually all checks on the unrestricted win the war against Hanoi, rather than for social liberalism. He is also a league than the East Coast establish­ ambassador, has said, “I wish I had a use of American air power. He has winding down the war. graduate of Yale, and was elected to ment. hundred ambassadors like Mac Godley”. brought in thousands of Thai mercen­ Godley’s desire to win, seems to be New York’s prestigious Brooks Club, Like most U.S. ambassadors to Laos, The key to Godley’s popularity in aries to fight in Laos, and pushed U.S. the main thread running through a life after years on the waiting list, when he Godley is a Francophobe. But few have Washington may be an aspect of the military expenditures here up from that includes most of the restlessness, became ambassador to Laos. He and his set out so thoroughly to displace the Nixon doctrine that has been called about $250 million a year when he urge for power and status, and compul­ present wife — the first was a daughter French as Godley. When his new official “escalating upstream while you de- arrived to about $400 million. Godley, sion to get involved that has character­ of a Swiss ambassador to the Court of residence was completed — a large white escalate downstream” . According to this who strongly advocated last year’s dis­ ised the whole American enterprise in St. James — have adopted two sons, bungalow with green-and-white candy theory U.S. military activities in Laos astrous U.S.-South Vietnamese invasion Indochina. who are tended by Laos’ only resident stripe awnings, flanked by red oil drums and Cambodia will grow as they of Laos, authorised CIA use of A White Anglo-Saxon Protestant British nanny. used to fuel the ambassador’s private diminish in South Vietnam, in effect creating a screen blocking the com­ munist supply routes to Saigon. “The problem,” one American in Vientiane RUSSIA: commented, “is that we kill Laotians to give President Nixon and Thieu some breathing space.” Economists and Critics under Fire As the executioner for such a strategy, Godley seems an enthusiastic choice, at least from the Nixon admini­ HE TWENTY-THIRD ISSUE part of the general ideological attack struggle to explain the USSR’s foreign failing to develop an adequate critique they have been waging for the past two policy. “The central committee draws of “bourgeois and revisionist theories” stration’s point of view. Godley, for his of the opposition journal in economics and of failing to exercise part, intends to stay in Laos as long as Chronicle o f Current Events months. A clear indication of the tenor the attention of party organs concerned T of this campaign came from the report with foreign policy, of the ideological correct theoretical control over the he can. He has purged suspected doves has just come out in Moscow. presented to a local Moscow party and propaganda services to the need to journal Problems o f Economics. The from his staff, and proudly repeated Despite rumours, it has never been conference on January 12 by V.V. raise the level of efficiency of their critics are attacked for an analogous assurances from Presidential Adviser clear whether the Soviet authori­ Grishin, a newly promoted Politburo activities” . failing: not denouncing and revealing Henry Kissinger that he will be ambas­ ties have wanted the Chronicle member who was surprisingly chosen to This call for tighter ideological the bourgeois class character lying be­ sador to Laos as long as the Nixon stopped completely. And it is give the keynote speech at the 54th vigilance has come with increased hind “bourgeois mass culture and its administration stays in office. improbable that any group of anniversary celebrations in November. attacks of internal dissidents, on decadent tendencies”. The central com­ Even if the Nixonisation of the Indochina war does not insure Godley’s opposition intellectuals, however Grishin called for “improving the sympathisers with Dubcek and on the mittee attacked the “tolerant” attitude being shown to revisionist works, and long-term employment prospects, his well organised, could continue to different forms of political work among leaders in Peking — all lumped together. Two groups singled out for attack in the deformed image being put out by career may be far from over. Alabama write, produce and distribute it in the masses” and criticised the failure of some to improve their ideological level. special central committee statements some writers on Soviet and pre­ Governor, and perennial right-wing the face of a determined security Grishin was developing points forma­ have been the Economics Institute of revolutionary art. The plenum also Presidential Candidate George Wallace clampdown. lised at the November plenum of the the USSR Academy of Sciences, and denounced the “superficial” character has said that Godley would make an But there have been signs that the central committee. The plenum stressed literary and artistic critics. of much of the artistic work now being ideal Secretary of State if he ever wins authorities may want to stop it soon, as the need for an unending ideological The economists have been berated for produced in the Soviet Union. the White House.

8 7 Days 16 February 1972

HE long-delayed trial of Pietro Valpreda and others, Taccused of the Rome-Milan ITALY: bombings of December 12, 1969, in which 16 people lost their lives and over a hundred were injured, is due to start at last on February W ill They, 23. It is without doubt the most important political trial in Italy since the war - yet the rumours Won’t They, persist that it will be put off once again. There would be very good reasons for a postponement. For one thing, Valpreda’s health is getting steadily Try Valpreda? worse. His stay in the University Hospital (as reported in 7 DAYS, by Mike Caesar 26/1/72) only lasted ten days. Although Despite a rush of criminal proceed­ all the doctors who examined him ings against neo-fascist groupings in the agreed that he needed careful treatment past two months (the leader of the in a suitable environemnt, they were parliamentary fascist party MSI has just happy to send him back to the cold and failed in his attempt to win damages damp of Regina Coeli prison, assuring from a newspaper that had described the public that he could be perfectly him, with evidence to hand, as a well looked after there. wartime “killer” and “torturer” of The real reason for this act of Resistance fighters), not even the professional cowardice is that the police optimists expect the Valpreda court to refused to accept the resonsibility of take the obvious step and investigate the guarding him in hospital, and the real organizers of the December 12 hospital refused to accept the financial massacre. loss that having 200 officers of the law Finally, some more police on the premises would entail. It is “oversights” have come to light. On the reported that Mr Peter Beaconsfield of December 15, 1969, the Rome cops the Royal Free Hospital has been reported to the magistrates that invited by the defence to visit their Pietro Valpreda. Ill but not yet tried. Valpreda had been arrested “yesterday” client — but what he can do beyond The decision to hold the trial in Rome when in fact he had been picked up that confirming the seriousness of Valpreda’s (where the government is) rather than morning — retrospective foresight? Ten condition which is by now well known Milan (where the most serious of the days later they made another curious to everyone, it is difficult to see. 1969 bombings occurred, and where slip when they again reported to the Again as reported in 7 DAYS, the both public opinion and magistrature magistrates the arrest of “Pietro conversion of the No. 1 courtroom is are much more wide-awake) was a Valpreda, known as Pino” . “Pino” was pitifully inadequate and involves a political one without any justification in not Valpreda but Pinelli, the anarchists serious danger of collapse and/or fire. law. who “fell” to his death from the fourth And thirdly, it is proving very difficult Looking still further ahead, the likely floor of Milan police HQ on the night of to find a jury. Nobody wants to be verdict: Valpreda (and this is the 15-16 December — but had they been drawn into the case: not only is there optimists speaking) could well be expecting Pinelli instead? And then, not S u b s c rib e the prospect of losing at least six acquitted on the main charge content with the real Valpreda, they months’ earnings, but the political (“massacre”) for lack of evidence, but had to invent one. Thus ft emerges that passions that are bound to be aroused in will be found guilty on the lesser ones of the copy of Valpreda’s national service now the public at large make most potential “criminal association” and being in record included in the trial-documents jurymen extremely reluctant to get possession of explosives. Which is as has been altered from the original so as involved. much as to say: you’re a proven to disguise the fact the he was, as he has to 7 D AYS Supposing the hearings do begin on criminal dynamiter and we know you always stated, a map-reader and not, as and get your copy by post every the 23 rd, what is likely to happen? The did it (otherwise why would we have the prosecution have maintained, Wednesday morning first thing the defence will do will be to remanded you for two years?), but attached to a corps specializing in question the competence of the court. unfortunately we can’t prove it. explosives.

marks Indochina and Thailand, their nominal devaluation of the NEWS OF THE where last week new divisions were dollar against gold, they are teaming committed against increasingly suc­ up again with the Germans to cessful communist forces in the strengthen Europe’s position. I want to subscribe to 7 DAYS WORLD north east. USA — Following on his $6 billion I enclose £...... for...... issues. INDONESIA — Seven years ago the increase in military spending, Nixon IRELAND - The Dial voted 75 to Americans helped stage one of the has escalated the war against Viet­ 44 to continue the ban on contra­ Name...... most appalling massacres here. Over nam. Daily bombing strikes over ceptives. Even the Bill proposing half a million left-wingers, were South Vietnam alone have gone up their controlled sale was not allowed Address...... wiped out in a calculated frenzy of to over 80 a day compared to an to be printed. 7 DAYS is at present anti-communism. 10,000 political banned from the 26 Counties; for average of 10 over the last 4 months. prisoners lucky enough to survive The number of B-52 bombers in the carrying ads for birth control devices. Town...... Postcode. after the round-up, are still alive in area have been doubled, thirty are PARIS — 4,000 Parisian militants camps on disease-infested island of reported to be on their way to Guam marched through the rain last week Buru. One of the prisoners is In­ from the US. The aircraft carrier Country...... against British policy in Ireland. donesia’s most famous writer Constellation has steamed into Pramudya Ananta Toer. The regimes Vietnamese waters to join the Coral MALAYSIA — There has been a Attorney General commented to re­ Sea and Hancock, while a fourth significant up-turn in guerrilla porters that were allowed to visit the carrier Kitty Hawk is said to be activity in Malaysia. Since 1960 the island, that Pramudya is permitted to preparing to join them from San end of the British counter-insurgency write, then, with a laugh he added Diego. Timed to Increase American campaign, communist guerrillas have “But he’s not allowed to have a pen strength and activity in the area Complete this form and return with a cheque or postal order. been limited to areas near the border or paper” . Later he added that the during Nixon’s trip to China, the Return as soon as possible to: with Thailand. Late last year there Suharto government have no in­ carrier force make available more The Subscription Department, 7 DAYS, were clashes between Malaysian tention of releasing the prisoners than 200 supersonic bombers for 3 Shavers Place, London SW1Y 4HE troops and guerrillas within a few “because there is not enough evi­ action over North Vietnam (B-52’s Please allow two weeks to process your subscription. miles of Ipoh, state capital of Perak, dence against them”. are sub-sonic and too vunerable to an old area of guerrilla strength. use over the North) as “retaliation” Guerrillas have since extended their EUROPE — Willy Brandt and against action in the South. activities still further south, to the Georges Pompidou swung together in Rates region of the national capital, Kuala Paris in their Common Market VIETNAM — Prostitutes are being Lumpur. One important new feature summit. After nearly a year scrap­ permitted officially to sign onto U.S. Surface Mail to U.K. and World Six months (26 issues) £4 is the recruitment by the Malaysian ping over European monetary policy, Army bases in central Vietnam to One year (52 issues) £ 7.50 Communist Party, which used to be Pompidou surprised Brandt with his meet GIs in their barracks. Army Chinese dominated, of substantial enthusiastic support for a European officers acknowledge there is a con­ Air Mail for one year Europe £11 numbers of Malays — the majority monetary union. They had bust up siderable security risk involved, but population. As a result of the last Spring when Germany uni- they content the risk is worthwhile Middle East £14 guerrilla upsurge the Malaysian lateraly floated the mark in face of in the interest of keeping harmony America, Asia, Africa £17 government has erected barbed wire pressure from the Americans. The on the posts. GIs in central Vietnam Far East £20 fortifications around a number French, in contrast, were only willing have been forbidden for more than a “strategic villages” set up by the to co-operate with European econo­ year to go into town except on Special Student Rate (U.K. only) Six months £3 British occupation army and long mic unification of a firm anti- official business. Four months ago considered “safe”. Malaysia too is American basis. Now that there is a the U.S. Army built a wall around its One year £6 now seeing the general advance in general agreement on world Cam Ranh Base to keep out pro­ guerrilla strength Which already currencies and the French have got stitutes and drug pushers. 9 7 Days 16 February 1972 Irish News from

London NICRA, though he finds Paddy Devlin and Ivan Cooper “more acceptable” . We talked about Bernadette, too: “In the period up to the present crisis, one of her great drawbacks was her failure T h e A .I.L . to link-up with any political movement in the North: her insistence on re­ maining a law unto herself. If she had by Peter Fuller managed to work with an organisation during the time from her election until T 2.15 a.m. on the morning Britain — Marxist Leninist, Independent immediately before internment, she of February 6, John Grey, Labour Party and the National Union of might have played a far greater role in ANational Organiser of the Students from Britain. the politics of resistance. Paradoxically, Anti-Internment League, was lying Scarcely surprisingly, Grey explains this failure is now a point of strength. in bed. Hours previously, he had that there is not total unity. “But there With the enormous growth of grass is effective unity in the face of common returned from Whitehall where the roots groups and the continued political repression, while agreeing to disagree on rivalry between them, Bernadette can AIL demonstration, led by 13 long-term perspectives, and indeed some black coffins, had been brutally belong to none and act as a spokesman tactical questions on the immediate for all. The same is true of Frank charged by the police. crisis in Ireland” . McManus. The one thing that can be The door bell rang, and his wife went He adds that the Provisional bombing said about both these people is that to answer it. It was the police. “The hall campaign was “subject to criticism by they will never arrange a “behind closed was full of plain clothes officers. I was some of the groups”, including Peoples’ doors” betrayal of the mass resistance. given time to wash, then taken firmly Democracy, of which he is still a Although Bernadette is seen by by both arms, and led out.” Outside, member. many, whether green Tory or not, as a the road was blocked with policemen Grey is the self-confess lynch pin of a figure head of resistance, she has not and their vehicles. It was the specta­ politically sensitive, united front, and he abandoned her committment to revolu­ cular, over-manned kind of raid usually is, understandably, not anxious to tionary socialism. The problem here is reserved for violent criminals. criticise its components individually. that her “evangelising” for the workers The detectives who arrested Grey were But he said, speaking personally, and republic often seems to be utopian, and even under orders to handcuff him, not as an AIL organiser, “There is is therefore easily discounted. although they did not do so. He was nothing on the Left between People’s When we got to Ruskin College, taken to Cannon Row police station, Democracy and the Irish Communist Oxford, there was a small crowd and held over night. Organisation, with its two nations waiting: mostly representatives of the Simultaneously, other AIL organisers, theory and the inevitability of sectarian student political groups. Grey’s style is Mike O’Kane and John Flavin, were conflict”. simple, populist and effective. He em­ being ousted from their beds. “It was a Although he believes that the ICO has phasises again and again the need for polite attempt at internment without played “a thoroughly reactionary role in unity in the short-term over troops and trial which blew up in the faces of Tory the Irish socialist movement” , he did internment, “We do not demand a ministers, the moment that we were concede that it had “provided an ef­ Workers’ Republic by 1982, or victory released on bail” , Grey commented. fective critique of naive nationalist for the IRA of either wing, but we do However, even though he was not on propaganda”. say we have had enough of British the march’s organising committee, he But, ultimately, he dismissed it as Imperialism in Ireland. We demand that will have to face charges under Section “Armchair philosophy, not a pre­ the military and economic machine gets Five of the Public Order Act. “An scription for relevant socialist action, out, and internment is ended”. extraordinary state of affairs”, Bowes but a prescription for green Tory or The Anti Internment League needs Egan, Chairman of AIL, told the Press. Unionist action”. money urgently, Grey believes that there has been a Grey will have no truck with social Donations should be sent to AIL concerted effort, in the Press and democrats like Gerry Fitt who have Defence Fund, c/o, 7DAYS 3, Shavers elsewhere, to write off the AIL as an been trying to tag themselves onto Place, London SW1. IRA conspiracy. Certainly, the out­ Watchtower against the British in Free Derry rageous fabrications of the Mirror about the organisation bear out Grey’s theory. The downright lies which they printed about the AIL were exposed in 7 DAYS. In fact, AIL was formed a week after Belfast internment was inflicted on the Irish people. John Grey has been active in organising the resistance ever since. After his release, last week, I met him, The NICRA Conference by Richard Trench and travelled with him to Oxford where he was going to speak. He also hoped to set up another branch of the organi­ v e r y b o d y wants unity”, season off with the Christmas Day Movement cooperation. It was only just If P.R. and such changes would throw sation there. said a leading member of motorway procession) is Aidan Cor­ rejected. up an alliance of Catholic and Protes­ Over swirling bowls of unappetising ENICRA, “the problem is who rigan. “The essential difference between Said Kevin Boyle to 7 DAYS last tant interests it would create the British Rail oxtail soup, he told me how will lead the unity.” At last the Northern Resistance and NICRA is week. possibility of unity. We do not accept the idea of two nations, but we accept AIL started. “There were sound weekend’s NICRA conference in our belief in the abolition of Stormont Active resistance campaigns that there are two communities. We political reasons for the divisions be­ Belfast the question of unity was because of its incapability of reform or show that the people want some kind of democratisation in the Six Counties. believe that socialist struggle will end tween the Irish organisations. After the only issue that brought about co-ordinated struggle. We felt that the internment, the significance of these this division. We support the catholic disunity. Events like internment and army various organisations around have a part lessened. Our parent organisations all struggle for civil rights, but we do not brutality have led people to believe that to play in this, but if our job was to be faced an equal level of repression in the support the violence of the Provisionals. Police resolutions, demanding the there is no possibility of reform. We successful it was to push all groups six counties. In that situation, we We understand it, however. release of internees, the abolition of the would like to see an interim commission together. The Provos and the Northern sought, as our duty, to come together in There may be two nations, but in the Special Powers Act, the withdrawal of as the first important step forward.” Resistance Movement (their political a united front on demands which meet Civil Rights movement today there troops from non-Unionist areas and the Corrigan’s political ideas are close to the front) are a reflection of our failure to adequately with the crisis”. definitely two factions, factions moving introduction of proportional repre­ Provisionals. “Personally speaking produce this kind of co-ordination. We These demands are, of course, ele­ further and further apart, all of them sentation were carried unanimously. regional government would be the in P.D. took a stand of neutrality calling for unity and cooperation, all of mentary enough: free internees, and “The level of debate was much higher answer to Stormont and the Protestant between the two republican movements. them divided on who should lead the withdraw British troops immediately. than usual,” NICRA chairman Edwina fear of a United Ireland. Regionalism We don’t accept the black and white way. But AIL must be congratulated for its would give a nine county parliament to definition of a split between socialist Formed in 1966 as a liberal pressure success in bringing together such a Steward told 7 DAYS. “It’s the most unanimous annual general meeting I can them, the best guarantee that normal and non-socialist. We go along with the group, the Northern Irish Civil Rights disparate galaxy of groups on the British politics would follow. Official Republican movement to the Association has been increasingly and Irish left. They include Clann na remember.” “The points that unite PD and the extent that we want to see reform in the criticised for becoming a official re­ h’Eireann, the Sinn Fein Provisionals, Unanimity was helped by the absence Provisionals are the abolition of Stor­ north as a means of breaking the publican movement and Irish Communist United Ireland Association, Peoples of many faces who were on Sunday’s mont and the establishment of some Unionist solidarity. We want to detach party front. Approximately two-thirds Democracy, Irish Solidarity Campaign, Enniskillen march, called by the interim form of government.” the working class from its present of last year’s executive were closed to and Northern Irish Civil Rights Asso­ Northern Resistance Movement. Main division at NICRA conference allegiances, but we don’t want to see a these two organizations. NICRA is sup­ ciation. They are joined by the Inter­ Leading figure behind Northern Re­ was a resolution put forward by Kevin position where there seems to be no ported by the official republican move­ national Socialists, International Marxist sistance (which split from NICRA last Boyle, seconded by Michael Farrell difference between ourselves and the ment as attempting to create a Group, the Communist Party of Great November and started the marching calling for NICRA Northern Resistance SDLP. “normal” situation.)

10 7 Days 16 February 1972 Enniskillen Voice in the Garrett John

C louds by Fred Halliday

BRAYING ENGLISH voice later he told 7 Days that it had been a rang out of the sky as the mistake to avoid confrontation with the A helicopter flew over the armed forces and to discourage sup­ crows. “You are engaged in an porters from coming across the border. illegal procession and are liable to For their part the Newry organizers, arrest,” it tried to say to say, but NICRA, condemned the Enniskillen march and told people to stay away. the whistles and boos of the As it turned out, the Enniskillen people drowned it out, and it flew march was just as peaceful as Newry. off. Police and army ringed the town (popu­ Nobody on Sunday’s Enniskillen lation 9,000) and brought in, so they march had any respect for the British said, 300 troops. On the road from government or its ban. Nor did anyone Belfast to Enniskillen, a distance of 70 have any time for Heath’s reform miles, we ran into six army check points proposals floated in th British press. and many visitors were forced to “Heath can take his proposals and sail abandon their cars miles out of town round the world with them said Michael and walk the rest of the way. Busloads Farrell, PD respesentative at the of supporters from Newry and Armagh meeting. The British government’s re­ were held up outside the town for up to form package is: Catholic ministers, three hours and only allowed to arrive release of some internees, and a referen­ at the end. dum every twelve years on Northern Originally the army had pretended Ireland’s status as part of the UK. that the marchers would be allowed part Farrell and the whole meeting rejected of the way into the town but when they them. assembled at Paddy McDermot’s filling There were three basic objections. station on a Catholic housing estate the First, selective release of internees is no army — 13/18th Hussars — blocked the good. All internees and the 1000 or so road with barricades and barbed wire. convicted political prisoners must be McManus, atop a lorry, led the released immediately. Secondly, there is marchers up the road and behind him no question of shoring up Stormont — it came three thousand demonstrators. must be abolished. Any Catholic who When facing the barricade, he an­ accepted posts would be unwise to do nounced that he intended to lead the so. As Farrell put it: “I don’t think marchers into the centre of Enniskillen, Bernadette Devlin wants the office of called on the army to get out of the deputy prime minister — and woe betide way. When the army refused McManus anybody who does.” Thirdly, Heath’s led them into a side road and down into proposals said nothing about the with­ a field for a rally. After two hours of drawal of British troops from the North. standing and shivering in the cold, the “The British Army are murderers and march ended up in a field about 30 we want them to go,” Farrell said to yards from the spot from which it had thunderous applause. originally set out. Other speakers echoed this total The speeches at the rally brought out opposition to the Heath proposals. the political complexity of the NRM Bernadette Devlin referred to the fact and of the Civil Resistance Movement. that the Sunday Times had described The PD of which Farrell is the leading these proposals as ‘revolutionary’. “If he member are now getting critical support thinks his proposals are revolutionary, from the Provisional Sinn Feinn, and let him stick around Northern Ireland Farrell, who marched in the procession for a while and he’ll see a few revolu­ in a bright green knitted cap began his tionary proposals.” As for the British speech by saying: “Many people may be Labour Party which was warning of a confused by the appearance on the massacre if troops were withdrawn, they platform by people who have opposed have forgotten that a massacre has taken each other bitterly in the past But for place already in Derry. the PD it was now possible to have Local Westminster MP Frank unity on the basis of the agreed prin­ McManus, chief organizer of the march ciples of the NRM. Both he and had the same view: “Damn your con­ Bernadette Devlin denounced the regime cessions England, we want our in the south and singled out the Dail’s country.”, he said, and long time Sinn vote refusing to legalise contraception last Feinn campaigner in the area, Maghera week. For Bernadette Devlin Lynch “is solicitor Kevin Agnew warned SDLP Brian Faulkner with a dab of green dye members against taking any place in the on his face.” And she went on, to Stormont government. “I think they denounce southern businessmen who want to enjoy a few more summers, as I have been importing Polish coal and do .” he said. sabotaging the British miners strike. But This coalition of the PD, Bernadette despite the statements of these two, the Devlin, McManus and Agnew reflected meeting itself appeared staunchly Re­ the diverse groups that had come publican in a more traditional way. together in the Northern Resistance Drawn specifically from the local Movement and had organized Sunday’s farmers and Resistance committees of anti-internment march, the ninth since the area it seemed cautious about the the first anti-intenment march along some of the more outspokenly socialist Ulster’s own Ml motorway on Christ­ remarks. On the other hand solicitor mas Day. The NRM have three basic Agnew who addressed the meeting as demands: Release all internees and “Fellow Republicans” went down well political prisoners, abolition of Stor­ with his references to the Black and mont, withdrawal of British troops from Tans, the spirit of Irish Republicanism, Northern Ireland. At a press conference and the curse of the Irish.. in a Belfast pub on the previous Friday In its way the meeting reflected the Farrell explained why the NRM was shiftine moods, the fierce anger and the critical of the peaceful march at Newry clashing ideas of the people. No English “The great success of Newry was also voices in the sky, no concessions from the danger of Newry.” he warned, and Westminster will stop them. The Royal Ulster Constabulary watch yet one more illegal march.

11 7 Days 16 February 1972

ANOTHER WEEK IN DERRY A street affray in Derry. The Attack

Mrs Eileen Docherty, widow of bloody Sunday in Derry. “I walked down the street this morning and all the soldiers recognized me. I walked with my head up. They dropped their eyes. They must have been ashamed. I’ve nothing against the English, I really haven’t, even though they shot my husband. I’d like to see the English come out for themselves, for the miners and the unemployed.”

A street affray in Derry. The Retreat The D-Day That Didn’t Work by Richard Trench tried to hold an independent position. Is " S I NCE AUGUST 9TH the ingly small meeting at Brandy- night. out of internment and the possibility of “When opportunist politicians and cabinet posts for John Hume. it now paying off? B r i t i s h Army has not been Wells football stadium on “It’s terribly important for certain a b l e to get into free Derry. Wednesday last. elitist groups think that they can dictate In spite of the failure D-Day pro­ to the ordinary people it is up to us, the duced the possibility though not the people to hold whatever ground there is. It is not because of the IRA or Unfortunately there isn’t much man­ D-Day in Derry was a day of disunity masses of people, to by-pass Free Derry reality of unity among civil resistance oeuvrability left, but you have to try any other group. It is because at 3 rather than disruption, of disorganisa­ Corner,” went on McGurran. groups. McGurran, associated with the because some day unity must be or 4 or 5 in the morning thou­ tion rather than discipline. Starting with “We must remember that unless the officials, shared a platform with provo hammered out. sands of people have come out of an SDLP hunger-strike at 12 midnight at people stand united the politicians and supporter Paddy Kennedy, MP. Leading “If the break is going to happen their homes to fight them with Free Derry corner, Derry’s plans were to the Gombeen men, (small capitalists), figure in this call for unity is Frank between left and right, that’s good, bottles and stones, to impede their move out of Bogside and Creggan into and there are many in Derry, will sell us McManus, MP. “We are in a serious because that is the way it should break, progress, to show that they cannot the city centre to immobilise both out and give us only the half-loaf. We mess” , he told 7 DAYS “Because in however, while the forces of the left are get away with smashing into traffic and administration. Rather than reject the half-loaf concept . . . It is spite of the fact that all politicians of all stop the city, Stormont’s contingency disunited, the right-wing everywhere is people’s homes and dragging them better to die in freedom than live in shades of opinion were in Newry last plans kept Derry running more effici­ slavery.” Sunday, the unity was only on the more stable. The left on the other hand off to internment”. So said splits as part of a self-continuing ently than usual. Creggan’s NICRA, still D-Day came at a time of increasing surface. They just wanted to do their Malachy McGurran secretary of shuddering from Derry’s deaths, only process. No matter how left you speculation of a new political initiative own thing and get maximum publicity.” A street affray in Derry. The Fire republican clubs at a disappoint­ received D-Day leaflets on Tuesday from Westminster, including the phasing become there is always someone more Like Bernadette Devlin, McManus has left.” 12 13 7 Days 16 February 1972

7 Days 16 February 1972

S NIXON AND MAO prepare to meet, the eyes of the world turn A to Vietnam. As they do so the Vietnamese broadcast a talk given by one of their key leaders — Truong Chinh. Officially described as Truong Chinh very important, the first section of his three part survey concerns international affairs. Weaving two levels of argument together Truong Chinh, long considered to hold positions shared by the Chinese, makes an emphatic statement of the nature of Nixon’s new strategy. Then he itemises how it can be defeated, over three fronts — Vietnam, Indochina and the world — with the fight taking three forms: military, political and diplomatic. The At the same time he shows some of the problems faced by a small country making the revolution today. In very diplomatic formulations he seems to caution the Chinese, by insisting that ’’the spearhead of world revolution must be directed at US imperialists and not at anyone else", and he seems to caution the Russians by insisting that the Americans are “not as strong as one believes” . Nixon Truong Chinh s clear and formalistic tones are characteristic of many military and strategic writings. Sometimes his simplifications cannot be accepted. For example CIA special forces, the precursors of the Green Berets in Vietnam, were sent into Hungary in 1956, but they did not create the uprising there. But if Truong Chinh’s straightforwardness Doctrine makes his schematic overview difficult for Western eyes, his language should be compared to the current thinking by imperialists about Vietnam. Adding to the familiar US gobbledygook, The Times, last week, gave over its lead feature to Brigadier Calvert, a military “expert”, who denounced the Vietnamese as “piratical freebooters”, and the and called on Britain to give moral and material help to the Americans. Such ravings signal more than stupidity. They reveal both despera­ tion and a last flicker of confidence — that Nixon’s strategy may be able to hold South Vietnam. Sensing this feeling, and determined to snuff it out, the Vietnamese W ar in released Truong Chinh’s talk in time fo;the Paris rally of international solidarity. We are pleased to publish the major part of the first section From Philip Jones Griffith’s extraordinary book of photographs on Vietnam Inc, published by Collier-Macmillan, this week. Beach landing by marines. But nowadays they land for barbecues of the talk, which was originally given to the Vietnam Fatherland Front and parties as increasingly the real war is fought by remote control on December 17, 1971. The translation is unofficial, but the message is Many GIs keep skulls of their victims. clear: it is essential for people all over the world to unite in defeating socialism. The South carries out the organizations are members of the Indo­ Nixon’s strategy in Vietnam. Indochina defeated painfully in Vietnam, and have The Nature of the Struggle fronts we advocate three united fronts suffered a serious economic and Dear comrades and friends, facing the to encircle the US imperialist aggressors people’s democratic national revolution chinese peoples’ united front agains the and defeat them: to wipe out the US imperialist aggres­ US imperialists’ aggression. plan in the Middle East. countries, especially the United Arab In these unfavourable conditions other countries in this area. monetary crisis and have been isolated US imperialistists — what must our (1) In Vietnam: As our country is sors and overthrow their henchmen, the e a r c o m r a d e s a n d Concerning their global strategy, in Nixon cannot help but readjust the US Applying his new Asia doctrine in and have lost their prestige in the Vietnamese people do? We must Republic in 1967. capitalist compradors and pro-US feudal FRIENDS, our people are the past 25 years the US imperialists strategy. Politically he has put forth the Vietnam and Indochina, Nixon has political field and when their strength struggle in all forms — stuggle militarily, being directly attacked by the US But most disadvantageous to the landowners, to regain national indepen­ (3) In the world: It is necessary to conducting a resistance adjusted it four times as follows: so-called new strategy for peace. Mili­ devised the policy of Vietnamizing and has been weakened. The Nixon Doctrine politically and diplomatically — in order aggressors, the anti-US national D Americans during this period was their dence and achieve people's democracy. unite all anti-US aggression forces on a salvation resistance must be the task of struggle against the Americans (a) Between 1945 and 1950 the US defeat in the war of aggression in tarily he has implemented the practical- Indochinaizing the war. The essence of is studded therefore with factors of to oust the aggressors from our country. all the Vietnamese people. To step up National, Democratic and Peace Forces world scale. We are happy to see that in imperialists implemented Truman’s Vietnam, a defeat which weakened the blockade-and-threat strategy. His ob­ this doctrine and policy is to use defeat and with highly deceitful As far as the military struggle is throughout the country and are the resistance to complete victory we (VANDPF) which has a programme recent years a front of world peoples strategy of relying on their nuclear US imperialists, lowered US prestige and jective is to reduce US international Vietnamese to fight Vietnamese, Indo­ characteristics. It is an important duty concerned, our people and our people’s building socialism in the North in advocate that all our people closely aimed at attracting and uniting com­ has been created in support of the superiority to threaten the world turned the US imperialists’ global commitments in order to lessen the US’s chinese to fight Indochinese and Asians of the working class and people all over armed forces must annihilate as much of order to contribute to protecting the US-puppets’ potential as possible, unite in the people’s front to fight the patriots of all walks of life in the cities. Vietnamese and other Indochinese peoples and to check and repel the strategy upside down. military and economic burden for the to fight Asians with US bombs, bullets the world to use every means to oppose the socialist camp, to encourage especially their mobile strategic forces, aggressors, and step up their struggle on These three programmes are different, peoples against US aggression. The communist movement in an attempt to (d) Since 1969 the US imperialists Americans and therefore stabilize the and dollars under the US militarists’ this doctrine. the revolutionary movement of while smashing their rural pacification Each zone, therefore, has its own yet they have one common point: to struggle aims of this front are to defeat mainly defend Western Europe — the have implemented the Nixon doctrine. situation within the country, to direction. the world’s people and to safe­ (4) The US imperialists have not plan, dooming their policies of scraping front. The North has the Vietnam unite all the people in the resistance the US imperialists’ policy of aggression age-old fortress of capitalism, but the This doctrine is none other than the US strengthen their forces to regain their Vietnamization is a scheme aimed at guard peace. Our people’s resis­ changed their nature. In their passive up human and material resources in Fatherland Front (VFF). The south has against the US aggressors and regain and war and defend national indepen­ Americans failed to check the revolu­ imperialists’ global strategy under the position of strength, to continue their prolonging and expanding the war in­ dence and world peace. More and more tance struggle aims at achieving tionary movements in Eastern Europe, and weakened posture they are seeking order to Vietnamize the war, destroying the National Liberation Front for South independence and national re­ Nixon Administration. It was born in a plot to dominate the world, to maintain stead of ending it. The Vietnamization forces which struggle for peace, national not only national objectives but North Korea, Vietnam and China. US interests on all continents and to of the war, the de-Americanization of a detour in an attempt to sabotage the strategic hamlets, smashing enemy Vietnam (NFLSV) with its own pro­ unification. situation wherein the balance of power bridges, destroying, decimating or disin­ independence, democracy and social also international objectives. The (b) The period between 1950 and continue to be able to play the role of the war, does not mean that all US socialist bloc, the world revolution and gramme and the Vietnam Alliance of between the revolutionary and counter­ tegrating the enemy’s territorial forces, progress have participated in this front. 1960 was a cold war period. The US an international gendarme in the face of troops will withdraw from South peace and to rule the world by force. US war of aggression in Vietnam is revolutionary forces in the world has (5) Our country and the entire Indo­ expanding the liberated areas and firmly imperialists implemented Eisenhower’s the revolutionary movement of the Vietnam but that the Americans will (2) In Indochina: Under the an act aimed at implementing the changed in favour of the revolution. china peninsula have become the site maintaining and developing our people’s If the three streams of the world strategy of carrying out massive re­ peoples of the world. leave some of them permanently to * The US imperialists have not Kennedy and Johnson Administrations global strategy of the US im­ Although there is disagreement among where the basic contradictions of changed their nature, they are revolution — the great force of the taliation. In this period the Americans The main contents of Nixon’s occupy a number of military bases, to resistance bases. the US imperialists carried out an perialists, the number one enemy today’s society are concentrated. These As to the political struggle, our seeking a detour to sabotage socialist countries, the movement of still had nuclear superiority. Therefore strategy are: use them as bridgeheads to help the aggressive war not only against Vietnam of mankind. The Vietnamese NIXONS STRATEGY contradictions are: (a) The contra­ Southern compatriots should mobilize revolution and rule the world by national liberation in Asian, African and they implemented a “brink of war” (1) To stabilize and increase the US Saigon puppet troops continue to carry but also against Laos. Under the Nixon dictions between the socialist bloc and and muster all forces that are eager for force. Latin American countries, and the revolution is an integral part of foreign policy in an attempt to threaten * To stabilize and increase US economic and military strength in order out their criminal scheme to sweep and Administration the war expanded to the capitalist camp; (b) the contra­ peace, independence and neutrality, struggle movement of the working class the world revolution. the socialist bloc and other countries, to strength to maintain to a definite degree the US shoot and kill our compatriots and turn * Vietnam and Indochina are the Cambodia. The three Indochinese dictions between the working class and especially those in the cities, co-ordinate and working people in capitalist After world war two the US start the arms race and to develop their To settle differences and share superiority over the socialist countries, the Southern part of our country into a site where the basic contradictions countries are thus a single battlefront. the bourgeoisie in the capitalist the various forms of struggle and countries — flow into a great river which imperialists implemented an extremely military and economic forces in the responsibilities with US allies especially the Soviet Union, and to use US neo-colony and military base. The are sited today. The Nixon Administration is carrying countries; (c) the contradictions is their front, they can sweep away the reactionary, global strategy aimed at world. * To use US satellite countries to that strength to threaten or bribe a US imperialists are using the Vietnam achieve unity of action in demanding a * Ensuring the victory of the Viet­ out “Indochinization” aimed at using between the oppressed peoples and US imperialist aggressors and their undermining the socialist system, at Also during this period the Americans fight US wars number of countries or to provoke war battlefield, the Indochina battlefield, as prompt withdrawal of all US troops namese and Indochinese people is a Indochinese to fight Indochinese and imperialism and neocolonialism; (d) the puppet cliques. By relying on core repressing the communists and inter­ gave military aid to the French colonial­ * To stir up differences between in one place or another. a place for testing the Nixon doctrine, from South Vietnam and the overthrow key problem in the struggle of the transforming the peninsula into a US contradictions between imperialists and national workers’ movements, the ists to wage aggression against Vietnam, socialist countries. (2) To settle differences and contra­ US military strategy and tactics and of the Nguyen Van Thieu admini­ people of the world against US neo-colony and military base. The forces and closely adhering to the aims imperialists, and among the monpolist national liberation movement and the together with a number of pro-US * To seek a dentente among great dictions between the United States and modern US weapons in order to prepare stration, fighting the rigged elections imperialism. flames of people’s war are rising high of the struggle — to defend national democratic movement, at sabotaging countries staged the Korean war and powers to bully small ones. its allies in order to share responsibilities for a new world war. capitalist factions in imperialist and the depraved culture, the de­ throughout Indochina. The three independence and peace — the world peace, at carrying out US neo­ perpetrated military adventurous acts with these countries and use the latter Basing ourselves on this analysis, countries. manding a better life and democracy, brotherly peoples of Vietnam, Laos and peoples’ front against the US imperialist colonialism, at preparing for a new against the Arab countries in the Middle * The spearhead of the world revolu­ as an assault force for the Americans in what do we see? The anti-US resistance of the Viet­ and the re-establishment of peace. The the three battlefronts — military, Cambodia are closely uniting in the aggressors unites any force that it can world war and at ruling the world. East. At the same time the Americans tion must be directed at the US each area, and to build and use satellite (1) The spearhead of the world namese and Indochinese peoples is not development of the political struggle in political and diplomatic — aimed at struggle to expel the US aggressors from draw on and contends for any force that The US imperialists are the most implemented the so-called strategy of imperialists and not at anyone else. countries to oppose and undermine the revolution must be directed at the US only a confrontation of forces between the cities will seriously shake the liberating the South, defending and Indochina, topple the puppet admini­ can be won, seriously dividing the bellicose of all imperialists. Therefore liberating the “imprisoned” countries in * The US imperialists are not as revolutionary movement of the peoples imperialists and not at anyone else. our people and the Indochinese peoples enemy’s posture right in their dens and building the socialist North, proceeding strations in their countries, and regain imperialist ranks, isolating the US im­ we must study their global strategy, Eastern Europe, thereby promoting a strong as one believes. We should not of the world or use the blood of others (2) The US imperialists’ adjustments and the US imperialists and their will satisfactorily co-ordinate with the towards peace and national reunifi­ and defend their sacred national rights. perialists and their puppet cliques and especially in the military domain. After counter-revolutionary riot in Hungary in assess their forces too highly. to make war for the Americans. of their global strategy, through various lackeys. It also reflects the struggle military struggle of all our people. cation, building a peaceful, united, In order to defeat the US aggressors, directing the spearhead of struggle between the socialist countries and the world war two the US imperialists set 1956. (3) On this basis, to be ready to phases, continue to aim at ruling the As far as the diplomatic struggle is independent, democratic and prosper­ the three Indochinese peoples help and towards the most ferocious enemy, the imperialist clique, between the national up aggressive alliances such as NATO, (c) From 1961 to 1968 the US negotiate with a number of countries, world by force. But they show that the concerned, our people warmly support ous Vietnam and making a noteworthy respect each other. In the fight against US imperialists. liberation forces and the imperialist SEATO, CENTO and so forth. They imperialists implemented Kennedy’s the socialist countries, the socialist especially the Soviet Union and China, US imperialists are increasingly passive the South Vietnam Provisional Revolu­ contribution to the world people’s the Americans and their henchmen as forces. established thousands of military bases strategy for peace. Militarily they system has been continually with a view to blocking and threatening and weak and that the socialist system tionary Government’s seven-point initia­ revolution. well as after their total success, each of The problem of supporting the Viet­ (6) The anti-US national resistance in foreign countries, set up countless carried out the flexible response strengthened and consolidated and has the two greatest socialist countries; to and the world people’s revolutionary tive submitted to the four-Power con­ Our country is at present temporarily the Indochinese peoples will build their namese and other Indochinese peoples’ of the Vietnamese and Indochinese defence lines in an effort to encircle the strategy which was subsequently com­ had greater influence in deciding the movement are increasingly stronger and ference in Paris on 1st July 1971. The divided into two zones with different fatherland in accordance with the liner anti-US resistance has become a key take the fullest advantage of the contra­ peoples is not only aimed at protecting socialist bloc and check the develop­ plemented to become Johnson’s war development of society. The colonial dictions between these two countries; to are driving the Americans from an military and political struggle of the political and social regimes. The North they will choose. problem of the world peoples’ struggle their basic national rights, but is also of masses in the country must create a is under the socialist regime. The South ment of the national independence escalation strategy. system of imperialism continues to create contradictions among the offensive posture into a defensive one. In order to consolidate and extend against US aggression. great international significance as a sound basis for diplomatic struggle. The is divided into two parts, one under the movement, accelerated the arms race, During this period the Soviet Union advance along the path of disintegration socialist countries in general in order to As a result, the US imperialists’ global the Indochinese peoples’ united front In sum, the anti-US united national positive contribution towards the diplomatic struggle should clearly fabricated modern weapons, including achieved nuclear parity with the United as a result of the strong critical blows by achieve conditions advantageous to the strategy is studded with increasingly US neo-colonialist regime and another, against the US imperialists and their front in Vietnam, the Indochinese destruction of the US imperialists’ reflect the just cause of our people’s the liberated area, under the people’s nuclear ones, defined three categories of States. Therefore the United States the national liberation movement in Americans; to seek a detente among the acute contradictions between re­ henchmen, the people in each country people’s anti-US united front and the counter-revolutionary global strategy struggle, disclose in time all the enemy’s democratic regime. The people in both war — special war, limited war and total sought a detente with the Soviet Union, Asia, Africa and Latin America. The great Powers in the world and to quirements and capabilities. The US must attach importance to consolidating world peoples’ anti-US imperialist front and Nixon’s doctrine; as a contribution schemes and actions, denounce the zones must fulfil their anti-US national war — waged special and limited wars took the fullest advantage of the con­ working class’s struggle movement and continue to bully small countries. imperialists are not as strong as one and extending their own front. The for national independence and peace are in blood and bones to the defence of enemy’s deceitful arguments, clearly salvation resistance. Apart from this and prepared for total nuclear war. In tradictions in terms of line within the the democratic movement in the capi­ The Nixon doctrine applied in Asia believes. We should not assess their people of the Democratic Republic of the three fronts which are encircling and the socialist system; as encouragement point oout our winning posture and the common task, each zone must filfil its order to prepare for and wage the new socialist camp and the international talist countries continued to develop. has become Nixon’s new doctrine on forces too highly. Vietnam must consolidate and extend defeating the US imperialist aggressors. to the national liberation movement of enemy’s losing one, and help to attract own revolutionary strategic task in world war the US imperialists restored communist and workers’ movement, The US is militarily weaker and more Asia. Relying on the Asian and Pacific (3) The Nixon doctrine was born in a the VFF, the South Vietnamese people With these three fronts the US aggres­ the Asian, African, Latin American and the sympathy and support of the people conformity with its own situation. The West German revanchist militarism and especially the contradictions between politically isolated than ever before. The organization — ASPAC — and using situation in which the USSR and China the NFLSV and the VANDPF, the Lao sors, encircled by countless steel nets, Oceanic peoples; and as a safeguard to of the world. North carries out socialist revolution Japanese militarism in order to use them the Soviet Union and China, waged the US imperialists and other imperialist Japan as a centre, this new doctrine is have nuclear weapons and the US people the Lao Patriotic Front and the will be certainly unable to avoid total peace and democracy in the world. To achieve victory on these three and socialist reforms and builds Khmer people the NUFK, because these as their shock forces and aided the special war and limited war in Vietnam countries are beset by an economic and aimed at repressing the national and imperialists have long lost their mono­ and enticed Israel to provoke a war of monetary crisis. The general capitalist poly of this type of weapon; a situation reactionary Israeli administration in democratic movement in Asia and at ?5 waging the war in accordance with their aggression against a number of Arab crisis becomes even more serious. preventing socialism from expanding to in which the Americans have been 14