VOLUME 1: Pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: Pp. 401-754. Numbers in Boldface Refer to the Main Entry on the Subject. Numbers in Italic Refer to Illustrations

Home , Aeterni regis, Battle of Novara (1500), Battle of Novara (1513), Book of Privileges, Columbus Doors, Guale

Index

A slaves from, 142, 631, 632, 633, 634, Albergati, Nicolas, 549 679 Albigensian Crusade, 586 Aarons, G.A., 614 see also specific countries AI-Biruni, 664 Abbass, O.K., as contributor, 234-237, Agatharchides of Cnidus, 259 Albisua Toledo, Marina de, 454 466-468 Agnadello, battle of, 438 Albo, joseph, 289 Abbey, Edward Austin, 324 Agreement of Villafafila, 399 Albumazar, 748 Abrams, Ann Uhry, as contributor, 321- Agricultural tools, 4, 6, 7, Albuquerque, Afonso de, 15, 87, 218, 325 Agriculture, 4-8, 237, 352, 682 219, 373, 531, 562 Abravanel, Isaac, 391, 392 Aztec, 366 Albuquerque, Ant6nia de, 531 Abu Bakari II, 2 changes after 1492, 6-8 Albuquerque, lufs de, as contributor, Abu Ma'shar. See Albumazar of Chibchas, 357 223, 372-374, 438-439, 640-641, Acadie, 150-151 diversity in, 7 642-643, 679-680, 693, 753-754 Acamapichtli, 364 European crops in Americas, 274-276 A/cabala (tax), 675 Acklins, Bight of, 407 Mayan, 361, 363 Alcac;ovas, Treaty of. See Treaty of Acklins Island, 407 New World, 5, 226, 273, 356, 468, 708 Alcac;ovas Acto cultural o Co/6n, Crist6ba/, e/ Old World, 4-5, 273-274 Alcala, Angel, as contributor, 288-290, Genoves alucinado, 432 slave labor, 632, 634 375-377, 390-391, 391-392, 669 Adam of Bremen, 248, 313, 689 and social and economic institutions, Aldrovandi, Ulisse, 341, 345 Adams, Will, 122 635 Alegria, Ricardo E., as contributor, 345- Ad-Din, Khayr. See Barbarossa in Spain, 644 349 Admiral of the Ocean Sea, 404, 491, of Tafnos, 346 Alessandrini, Angelo, 297 598, 715 technological innovations, 638 Alexander Ill, 564 Adoration of the Magi, 340 Agrippa, Henricus Cornelis, 299 Alexander VI, 9-12,43, 53, 54, 187, Adorno, Barnaba, 165 Aguado, juan, 704 196, 384, 397, 414, 423-424, 437, Adrian VI, 116, 555 Aguado, juan de, 261,415,598, 711-712 463, 538, 549, 554, 592, 669, 678, Aeneas Silvius. See Pius II Aguero, Ger6nimo de, 668 704, 743 Aeterni Regis, 678 Agueybana, 346 death of, 12 Afonso (prince of Portugal), 190, 191, Aguiar, jorge de, 452 foreign policy, 10 377, 678 Ahern, Maureen, as contributor, 83-84, propagation of Catholicism, 11 Afonso Ill, 560 210-211 Alexander the Great, 232, 257, 294, 295, AfonsoV, 1, 15,119,120,127,180,182, Ahuitzotl, 485 658-659 286, 308, 379, 396, 398, 423, 539, Ailly, Pierre d', 8-9, 14, 23, 59, 123, Alexandria (Egypt), 3 5611 670, 678 125, 250, 373, 422, 452, 504, 603, Alfonsine Tables, 13 Afonso de Aveiro, joao, 96, 561 651,652, 658, 671, 677, 748-749 Alfonso V, 12, 165, 397, 500, 681 Afonso do Estreito, joao, 181 Ais, 370 Alfonso VI, 492 Africa, 2-4, 253-255, 277, 531 Alaminos, Antonio, 262, 304 Alfonso VIII, 492 and Atlantic Rivalry, 52 AI-Andalus, 492 Alfonso X, 12-14, 36, 49, 389, 492, 665 interior of, 251 Alarc6n, Hernando de, 210 Alfonso XI, 442, 585 Portuguese knowledge of, 191 AI-Ashraf, Sultan, 692 Alfonso of Castile, 398

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 756 INDEX

Alfraganus, 14, 50, 123, 125, 228, 671 Anacaona, 528, 533, 534, 726 Arcana del mare, 466 Algarve, 631 Anaphoric clock, 665 Archaeology, 26-36, 225, 345, 735 Algonquins, 5, 151, 371 Anatomy, 458 La lsabela, 610 Alhambra, 381, 492, 494 Anderson, R.C., 600 land, 26-30 Ali, Abu-1-Hasan, 71 Andes mountains, 270-271, 358 landfall controversy, 407 Alidade, 47, 49 Andrea Mini, lisa, 687 in Newfoundland, 689 Aljamas, 388, 391 Andreas, j., 654 Nueva Cadiz, 610, 677 AI-Khazini, 664 Andrew of longjumeau, 252 and population size, 225 Altissimo, Cristofano dell', 317 Andros, Bight of, 407 Sevilla Ia Nueva, 613-614 Almagest, 14,249, 601, 603 Angelus, jacobus, 569 underwater, 30-36, 620-622 Almagro, Diego de, 220, 358, 551, 552 Angevin dynasty, 500 Archimedes, 123 AI-Ma'mun, 125 Anghiera, Pietro Martire d', 21-23,56, Architecture. See Art and architecture Almanach of Coimbra, 508 64, 86,215,383,397,427,534,612, Architecture et perspective rudimenta, Almanach perpetuum coelestium 699 730 motium, 51, 62, 640, 693, 753 Anglican Church. See Church of Archives. See Museums and archives AI-Mas'udi, 451 England Archivo de Ia Casa de Alba (Madrid), Almeida, Francisco de, 14-15,218,219, Animals. See Domesticated animals; 490 443, 562 Fauna; Mammals; specific animals Archivo General de lndias (Seville), Almeida, lopo de, 15 Anne of Austria, 541 487 Almeida, lourenc;o de, 373 Anne of Beaujeu, 117, 283, 438 Archivo General de Protocols (Seville), Almojarifazgo (tax), 675 Anne of Bohemia, 454 490 Alonso, Hernando, 393 Anne of Brittany, 284, 438, 450 Archivo Notarile di Stato (Genoa), 488 Alonso, Marfa, 552 Anne of Hereford, 559 Arguin Island, 309, 680 AI-Qipjaqi, Baylak, 205 Antichrist, 23-24, 652, 748, 749 Arias Davila, Pedro. See Avila, Pedro AI-Shatir, 'Ali b., 205 Antilia. See Seven Cities Arias de Altitude-distance method, 16 Antilles, 140, 141 Arias de Avila, Pedro. See Avila, Pedro Altura sailing, 16-17, 222 Antipodes, 448 Arias de Alum, 672, 673 Antoine, Duke, 730 Aristizabal, Gabriel de, 79, 80 Alvar, Manuel, 739 Antonio de Llorente, juan, 392 Aristotle, 123, 294, 296, 457, 601, 602, Alvarado, Diego de, 705 Antonio Muratori, lodovico, 287 603, 604, 605 Alvarado, Hernando de, 210 Antwerp, 639 Armillary sphere, 36-38, 47, 49 Alvarado, Pedro de, 17-18,89,90,137, Apaches, 368 Arms, armor, and armament, 31, 37- 211' 363, 474 Apafalaya, 370 41' 285, 467, 672 Alvares, jorge, 120-121 Apalachee, 370 of Tafnos, 348 AI-Zagal, 71 Apian, Peter, 290, 299, 641 of Tupinambas, 354 Amazon River, 149, 524, 549, 659, 662- Apianus, Petrus. See Apian, Peter Arrom, jose juan, 589 663 Apollinaire, Guillaume, 428 as contributor, 536-537 Ambassadors' Globe, 299, 300, 518 Apologetica historia sumaria, 411 Arsenius, Gualterus, 216 America, 255-256 Apu lllapu, 360 Art and architecture, 41-47, 426, 592- accurate representation of, 342-345 Arag6n, 639, 643 593 allegorical figures of, 341-342 Alfonso V, 12 Maya, 360, 361-362 naming of, 18-21 Fernando, 377-385 Sevilla Ia Nueva, 614 Norse discovery of, 313 Arana, Ana Nunez de, 24 in Venice, 684 slavery in, 631-635 Arana, Beatriz Enriquez de, 24-25, 134, see also specific artists; specific women in, 736-737 135, 762, 194, 209, 583, 751 styles, e.g., Gothic art see also United States Arana, Diego de, 24, 25, 194, 699, 702 Arte de navegar, 511, 642 Americae. See Bry, Theodor de Arana, Pedro de, 25-26, 25, 130, 713, Arthur of Wales, 112 American Indians. See Indians 718 Artillery, 467 Americus Colombus, 429 Arana, Rodrigo Enriquez de, 209 Art of Navigation in Elizabethan and Amerigo, Nastagio, 687 Araucanian Indians, 142 Early Stuart Times, The, 420 Ames, Glenn j., as contributor, 308-309 Arawakan language, 351 Aruacay, 353 Ameyro, 462 Arawaks, 60, 248, 345, 351-353, 469, Aruba, 687 Aminoya, 370 611, 612, 633, 735 Ashikaga shoguns, 121 Ampoletta, 228, 245 Arbues, Pedro, 375 Ashtor, Eliyahu, 673

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 757

Asia, 188, 191, 192, 197,251-253, 2n, language, 365 Barents, Willem, 216 303 maps, 110-111 Barkham, Selma Huxley, as contributor, see a/so China; Cipangu Motecuhzoma II, 485-486 265-266 Assereto Document, 162-163 religion of, 367, 590 Barlow, Joel, 159, 433 Astrolabe, 16,47-49, 223, 246,291, slavery, 632 Baroque art, 46, 592-593 399, 413, 510, 513, 514, 574 sociopolitical structure, 366-367 Barralet, John James, 321 use of, 230 subsistence, 366 Barros, Jo;io de, 177, 182, 186-187, 223, Astrolabe-quadrant, 574 trade, 361 399 Astrolabon organon, 61 traditional history, 364-365 Barsotti, Carlo, 479 Astrolabos, 36 Triple Alliance empire, 365-366 Bartholdi, Frederic Auguste, 478 Astrology. See Astronomy and astrology writing, 367-368 Bartholomew of Cremona, 252 Astronomy and astrology, 13, 14, 47, Azua, 211 Basin de Sandaucourt, Jean, 18, 19, 729 49-51' 249, 385, 601' 604-605, 748 Bastidas, Rodrigo de, 60, 213, 261, 610 Asunci6n, 454 Batabano, Gulf of, 710 Atahualpa, 51-52, 311, 359, 469, 472, Bataillon, Marcel, 410, 411 551, 552 Bateson, Gregory, 575 Atlantic Ocean, 173, 174, 255-256 B Batey (game), 348 currents in North, 660 Battista Alberti, leon, 592 pilot chart of North, 661 Babeque, 699, 702 Battista Cibo, Giovanni. See Innocent Atlantic Rivalry, 52-55 Bacon, Roger, 23, 59-60, 250, 303, 652, VIII Atlases, 19, 92, 147, 444, 525, 563, 729 748 Battista Ramusio, Giovanni, 345, 558, Atlas Maritimus and Commercia/is, 405 Bade, Josse, 605 642 Aubert, Thomas, 685 Badiano, Juan, 344 Battle of Agnadello, 438 Audiencia, 143 Baer, Yitzak, 392 Battle of Cerignola, 284 Audiencia de los Confines, 363 Baffin, William, 157, 521 Battle of Chaldiran, 526 Audiencia of Mexico, 363 Bahama Channel, 142 Battle of Fornova, 117 Audiencia Real, 682 Bahamas, 27, 60, 194, 267, 326, 402, 407, Battle of Jaquijahuana, 552 Augustine, Saint, 297, 748 663, 693, 695, 740 Battle of las Navas de Tolosa, 492 Augustinians, 472 Bahia, 148 Battle of lepanto, 540, 683 Autiamque, 370 Bahia Bariay, 404 Battle of Nancy, 284, 437 Auto de fe, 375, 376, 391, 393 Bahfa Mujeres wreck, 33 Battle of Novara, 438 Autografos de Co/6n, 487 Bajabonico River, 609 Battle of Pavia, 284, 639 Averroes. See Ibn Rushd Baja California, 264 Battle of Ravenna, 83 Avicenna. See Ibn 5ina Bajamar. See Bahamas Battle of Saint-Quentin, 540 Avila, Pedro Arias de, 55-56, 61, 140, Balboa, Vasco Nunez de, 55, 60-61, Battle of Salinas, 552 141' 224, 271' 272, 418, 474, 528, 107,140,261,418,698 Battle of Toro, 15 641 Balestilha do mouro. See Kamal Batu Khan, 118 Aviz dynasty, 639 Balesti/la. See Cross-staff Baumgartner, Frederic J., as Axayacatl, 365, 485 Ballester, Miguel, 718, 743 contributor, 117, 283-286, 437- Ayala family, 667 Ballesteros Beretta, Antonio, 81, 161, 438 Ayll6n, lucas Vazquez de (1480?-1526), 180, 183 Bautista de Monardis, Nicolas, 460 56, 141 Balsam, 649 Bautista Munoz, Juan, 402 Ayll6n, lucas Vazquez de (1514?-1565?), Balsa wood, 359 Bavarello, Giacomo, 130 56-57, 262 Banana,274, 275-276 Bayezid II, 374, 526 Ayolas, Juan de, 454 Bandeirantes, 148-149 Bay of Fundy, 150 Ayrer, Jakob, 428 Banking, 281, 681 Bay of Moustique. See Port Conception Azambuja, Diogo d', %, 286, 561 Baptism, 473 Bay of Santiago, 709 Azores, 53, 57, 179, 180, 184-185, 255, Barak, 303 Bay of Sofala, 89 308, 424-425, 561' 632, 678, 703 Barbarossa, 3 Bazoches, Guy de, 295 Aztecs, 5, 255, 279, 343, 364-368 Barbosa, Duarte, 444 Beans,277 armor of, 467 Barcelona, 61-62, 194, 646 Beare, James, 519 cannibalism, 95, 367 Black Death, 457-458, 459 Beatus of liebana, 658 Cuauhtemoc, 216-217 Bar-Cepha, Moses, 658, 659 Becerra, Teresa, 224 economy, 366 Bardi, Francisco de, 743 Bede the Venerable, 505

VOlUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 758 INDEX

Bedini, Silvio A., as contributor, 18-21, Bight of Biafra, 632 Botticelli, Sandro, 44, 45 127-129,207-208,312,487-490, Bimini, 558 Bouvard et Pecuchet, 428 628-630, 665-667, 729-731 Binnacle, 245 Bowlines, 515, 543 Beef, 141. See also Cattle Bique de Orej6n, Catalina, 460 Bowsprit, 515, 543 Behaim, Martin, 62-63, 97, 101, 127, Birds, 268, 269, 270 Brabante, Guglielmo de, 129, 130 251,297-298,449,698 Bison, 345 Bracciolini, Poggio, 209, 558 Behechio, 718 Bitacora. See Binnacle Bradford, William, 157 Beja, Eanes de, 177 Black Death, 53, 242, 457-458, 605, 646, Braganza, Duke of, 188 Belalc;izar, Sebastian de, 357, 3% 672, 684 Bragdon, Kathleen, as contributor, 370- Belem (Brazil), 148 Black legend, 64, 69-71, 76,431,468, 371 Belem Tower, 426 532 Brahe, Tycho, 36 Belen River, 27, 35, 725 Black Sea, 595, 672 Bramante, Donato, 44-45, 592 Belknap, jeremy, 159, 433 Blanca of Navarre, 243, 398 Brandt, Sebastien, 18 Bellah, Robert, 159 Blanco, Cape, 309, 680 Brattahlid, 247, 689 Bellesio, Pietro, 169 Blasco Ibanez, Vicente, 432 Braudel, Fernand, 672 Bellini, Giovanni, 43-44, 684 Blemmyae (imaginary being), 293 Bravo, Alonso, 201 Bellois, Cornelis de, 150 Bleuler, Gordon, as contributor, 327- Brazil, 85, 261, 262, 285, 425, 447, 531, Bellum civile, 512 333 679 Beltraneja, La. See Juana de Castilla Blundeville, Thomas, 521 Cabral's discovery of, 54, 87, 89, 256, Beneventanus, 593 Boabdil, 71, 302 562 Benimerines, 585 Boal, Theodore, 489 ousting of Dutch, 55 Bennewitz, Peter. See Apian, Peter Bobadilla, Beatriz de, 71-72, 218 Portuguese colonization of, 146-149 Bensch, Stephen P., as contributor, 61- Bobadilla, Francisco de, 29, 72-73, slavery, 633, 634 62 131-132,143, 199,261,415,527, Brazil current, 662 Bentley, jerry H., as contributor, 272 532, 533-534, 719, 721 Brazilwood, 532 Benzoni, Girolamo, 63-64, 70, 76 Bobadilla, Isabel de, 641 Brendan, Saint, 52, 75-76, 180, 257, 658 Berardi, Giannotto, 261, 687 Boca del Drag6n, 715 Breton, Andre, 428 Berardi, juanoto, 190, 193, 197, 202 Boccaccio, 500 Breton, Cape, 149-150, 685 Berbers, 492, 681 Soccage, Marie Anne du, 427 Breu, Jorg, 338 Berdan, Frances F., as contributor, 445- Bochica, 357 Breve compendio de Ia esfera e del arte 446 Bodmer, Johann Jakob, 429 de navegar, 511 Bering Strait, 255 Bohio. See Espanola, La Brevissima re/aci6n de Ia destruici6n de Bermuda, 157 Bojador, Cape, 308 las lndias, 411 Bermuda (ship), 131 Bombardetta, 31, 32, 38-40 Bridge, The, 435 Bermudez, Francisco, 721 Bon, Pere, 665 Bridle, 515 Bernaldez, Andres, 64-65, 73, 115, 175, Bonacca Island, 724 Bristol, 84, 171, 175, 314, 690 189, 197, 446, 449, 646, 676, 712 Boniface VIII, 281 Brites, Duchess, 180 Berrio, 288 Bonpland, Aime, 312 Briviesca, Ximeno de, 743 Berry Islands, 404 Book of Privileges, 73-75, 203, 744 Broad bean, 275 Berthold of Henneberg, 455 Book of Prophecies, 23, 60, 422, 423, Broadbent, Sylvia M., as contributor, Bertin, Charles, 428 488, 490, 651, 652, 748-749 357-358 Best, George, 519 Book of the Principles, 389 Brodsky, Joseph, 430 Biafra, Bight of, 632 Book of Ser Marco Polo, The, 123 Bronze, 466 Bianco, Andrea, 222 Books,567, 638,672 Brouscon, Guillaume, 506 Bible, 605 see also specific books and authors Brucker, Gene R., as contributor, 281, Bibliography (of Columbus studies), Boomert, Arie, as contributor, 351-353 455-457 65-69 Borah, Woodrow, 535 Brumidi, Constantino, 316 Biblioteca Colombina. See library of Borde de Mer limonade, 34-35, 606, Brunelleschi, Filippo, 43, 605, 670 Columbus 608 Bruni, leonardo, 637 Biblioteca Nacional (Madrid), 488 Boriquen. See Puerto Rico Bruno, Giordano, 430 Bierstadt, Albert, 323 Borja y Borja, Rodrigo de. See Bry, Jean Israel de, 69, 76 Bight of Acklins, 407 Alexander VI Bry, Jean Theodor de, 69, 76 Bight of Andros, 407 Bosio, Antonio, 593 Bry, Theodor de, 63, 72, 76-77, 316,

VOlUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOlUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 759

343, 344, 427, 527, 609, 633, 634, Cacama, 365 Capella, Martinus, 232 649 Cacao, 361, 365, 366 Cape Lobo, 96 Bubonic plague, 171, 646 Cadamosto, Alvise, 90, 309, 511, 596, Cape Saint Augustine, 687 see also Black Death 642 Cape Verde Islands, 53, 87, 89, 90, 97- Buddhism, 121 Caddeo, Rinaldo, 161 98, 180, 255, 261, 287, 309, 425, Buenos Aires, 142 Cadermatori, Luchino, 133 632, 678, 679 Buil, Bernardo, 11, 195, 471, 705, 709, Cadiz, 111, 188, 675 Cape Vert, 680 710 Caffa, 170, 171 Cap Hai'tien (Haiti), 34-35 Building tools, 468 Cahill, Thomas, 692 Capitalism, 637 Buisseret, David, as contributor, 60, Caicos Islands, 401, 402 Capitana, La (ship), 33, 461, 614, 626- 100-111, 138-140, 217-218, 248- Cairo (Egypt), 2 627, 721 249, 387-388, 570-571, 734-736 Cajamarca, 52, 552, 553 Capitulations of Granada. See Granada Bull of Demarcation, 75 Calandrini, Filippo, 374 Capitulations of Santa Fe. See Santa Fe Burgkmair, Hans, 338 Calicut (India), 288, 562 Capitulations Burgos, Alonso de, 682 California, 90 Capraria, 180 Burgos, Paul de, 671 Caliphate of C6rdoba, 584 Capriolo, Aliprando, 317, 318, 319, 321 Burgundy, 437 Calixtus Ill, 539 Caracas, 142 Burial places of Columbus, 77-81 Calusa Indians, 370, 559 Caraci, llaria Luzzana, as contributor, Burial practices, 78 Calvin, John, 285, 538 686-688 Burnham, Daniel, 481 Calzadilha, Diogo. See Ortiz, Diogo Caravels, 614, 619, 620, 621, 623, 638 Bushnell, Amy Turner, as contributor, Cambiasi, Michelangelo, 488 Carbia, R6mulo D., 69 736-737 Caminha, Pero Vaz de, 88 Cardenal, Ernesto, 432 Busitani, Pace, 296 Campanella, Tommaso, 430 Cardera (ship), 38, 624-625, 704, 708, Butler, Nathaniel, 157 Campe, Joachim Heinrich, 429 709 Button, Thomas, 157, 521 Camphor, 648-649 Cardona, Sancho de, 668 Buyl, Friar. See Buil, Bernardo Canada, 90-93, 263, 285 Cariban language, 351 Bylot, Robert, 157, 521 Canals, 358 Caribbean current, 662 Byrne, Joseph P., as contributor, 90, 98, Canary Islands, 1, 53, 93, 194,254,255, Caribbean islands, 115 208-209, 672-674, 692-693 287, 308, 423, 631, 632, 678, 693, Caribbean Sea, 267,659, 661, 733 695 Caribs, 248, 346, 558, 570-571, 590, 632, Cancelleria (Rome), 592 634, 705, 708, 711, 712, 735 Caneiro, Nicolo, 20 and Arawaks, 351-353 c Cannanore, 89 attacks on Tafnos, 348 Cannibalism, 18, 93-95, 341, 350, 367 cannibalism, 94-95, 115 Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Nunez, 83-84, Canoes, 617 first Spanish encounter, 37 210, 262, 370, 454, 501 Cantino, Alberto, 106 Island Caribs, 349-351 Cabeza de Vaca (Spain), 646 Cantino map, 54, 105-106, 107,453, 504 marriage, 350 Cabo del Enamorado, 702 Canton, 119, 120 war chief initiation, 350 Cabot, john, 54, 84-86, 153, 242, 256, Cio, Diogo, 3, 63, 96-97, 183, 184, 372, Carli, Bernardo, 685 261, 298, 310, 593 396, 452, 561 Carlos I. See Charles V exploration of Canada, 91 Caonab6, 25, 37, 38, 533, 708, 709, 710, Carlos of Viana, 379, 398 Cabot, Sebastian, 84, 86-87, 91, 242, 711, 712 Carmina Varia, 429 261, 518, 685 Capac ayllu, 52 Carneiro, Ant6nio, 219 discovery of North America, 85 Capachequi, 370 Carpaccio, Vittore, 600, 618 Cabral, Gonc;alo Velho, 561 Cape Blanco, 309, 680 Carpentier, Alejo, 432 Cabral, Pedro Alvares, 54, 87-89, 223, Cape Bojador, 308 Carpentry, 681 256, 261, 290, 353, 447, 687 Cape Breton, 149-150, 685 Carpini, Giovanni da Pian del, 98, 303, discovery of Brazil, 146, 562 Cape Cabr6n. See Cabo del Enamorado 372,564 Cabrero, Juan, 391 Cape Cross, 96 Carrack. See Nao Cabrillo, juan Rodrfguez, 89-90, 264 Cape Fear, 685 Carrillo, Alfonso, 378-379, 394, 398 Cabr6n, Cape. See Cabo del Cape Hatteras, 660 Carri6n de los Condes, 416 Enamorado Cape of Good Hope, 97, 191,223,255, Cartagena, Alfonso de, 390 Cabrujas, jose 1., 432 287, 288, 303, 396, 447 Carta a Ia Banca de San Giorgio, 744

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 760 INDEX

Carta itineraria Europae, 730 Afonso V, 1 Celebrations, 112-114 Carta marina navigatoria, 731 Alfonso X, 12-14,36,49 Cella, Petro de, 170 Carta marina navigatoria Portugal/en Black Death, 645 Cellere Codex, 685 navigationes, 504 Charles V, 116-117 Cemanahuac Tenochca Tlalpan, 365 Carte Pisane, 507, 508, 595 Enrique IV, 243 Cemfes, 348, 589-590 Cartes de relaci6n, 213 grandees of, 646 Cempoala, 501 Cartier, jacques, 54, 99-100, 285 Isabel and Fernando, 377-385 Cendrars, Blaise, 428 exploration of Canada, 91-92, 99- lack of slavery in, 643 Central America, slavery in, 632 100, 150 social and economic institutions, 639 Centurione, ludovico, 163 Cartography, 62, 97, 100-111, 437, 448, sovereignty over islands and western Centurione, Luigi, 173, 176, 441 507, 513, 550, 691 Ocean Sea, 196 Centurione (company), 426 Christian traditions, 101 succession, 378 Cerda, luis de Ia. See Medinaceli, detailed land maps of New World, Treaty of Alcac;ovas, 678 Duke of 110-111 Treaty of Tordesillas, 678-679 Cerignola, battle of, 284 early maps of New World, 105-110 typhus, 646 Ceuta, 119, 560-561 landfall controversy, 405-406 see also Spain Cevasco portrait, 318 maps in early European exploration, Castilian language, 646-647 Cey, Galeotto, 343 105-111 Castilla del Oro, 271 Chabot, Philippe, 685-686 maps of juan de Ia Cosa, 213, 214, Castillo Maldonado, Alonso del, 83 Chacs, 362 735 Castro, Alvaro de, 458 Chaldiron, battle of, 526 portolan charts, 20, 103, 105, 250, Castro, Americo, 491 Chaleur Bay, 150 448,502 Castro, Isabel de, 87 Champlain, Samuel de, 92, 151, 225, 263 Ptolemaic maps, 103-105, 453, 569, Castro, )oao de, 36, 208, 437, 510, 511, Chanca, Diego Alvarez, 35, 64, 115, 570 514 197, 705, 708 tradition in Europe, 100-105 Castro, Vaca de, 552 Chancilleria. See Audiencia Real see a/so Nautical charts; specific Castro Osorio, Ana de, 137 Charles I, 156, 587 cartographers Catalan Atlas, 250, 253-254 Charles Ill, 70 Carvajal, Alonso Sanchez de. See Catalao, Erogio, 176 Charles V, 42, 64, 69, 78, 83, 87, 108, Sanchez de Carvajal, Alonso Catalonia, 638 116-117, 134, 135, 136, 144,211, Carvajal, Luisa de, 138 Catano, Francisco, 201 213, 282, 283, 284, 285, 378, 385, Carvajal y de Ia Cueva, luis de, 263 Cataro Co/6n, 432 395,399,410,418,443,445,447, Carvalho, )oao lopes de, 239 Catesby, Mark, 402 454, 474, 537, 549, 551, 579, 646 Casa de Ia Contrataci6n, 108, 111-112, Cathars, 375, 586 Charles VII, 283, 285, 437 143, 224, 283, 417, 511, 675, 676 Cathay, 117-118, 119,175,677,685 Charles VIII, 10, 117, 131, 281, 283, 284, Casa Museo Col6n (Canary Islands), Catherine of Arag6n, 112, 162, 242, 310, 285, 384, 438, 450, 455, 456, 500, 488 311, 384 554 Casas, Bartolome de las. See las Casas, Catholic Church. See Roman Catholic Charlesbourg-Royal, 92, 100, 150 Bartolome de Church Charlesfort colony, 57, 263 Casenove, Guillaume, 171 Catholic Daughters of America (CDA), Charles the Bold, 284, 437, 454 Casqui, 370 161 Charlotte Harbor, 559 Cassana, Francesco, 25 Cat Island, 402 Charrua Indians, 225 Cassava. See Manioc Cattle, 141, 236, 682 Charts. See Nautical charts Cassia, 649 Catz, Rebecca, as contributor, 14-15, Chase, William Merritt, 322 Castagneli, Bartolomeo de, 169 87-89, 117-120, 120-123, 175- Chaunu, Huguette, 612 Castaneda, juan de. See Castanheira, 187,287-290,441-442,544-545, Chaunu, Pierre, 612 Joao de 560-564 Chaves, Alonso, 406, 597 Castanheira, )oao de, 185 Cavalier, Robert, 263 Cheng Ho, 118, 253 Castellanos, Juan de, 431 Cavalry, 41, 236, 272, 467 Chesapeake Bay, 56, 154 Castellesi, Adriano, 12 Cavendish, Thomas, 264 Chfa, 357 Castell6n, )Chicago Historical Society, 489 398, 442, 447, 451, 638, 681 Cedo, Fermin, 708 Chicaza, 370

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 761

Chichimecs, 142 Cipangu (Japan), 120-122,187,244, Columbus family whose lives Chickens, 236 251' 253, 304, 677 centered in Italy can be found Chicomecoatl, 367 and China, 119 under Colombo. For those whose Chile, 142, 327 and Christianity, 120-121 lives centered in Spain or in Chimingagua, 357 civil wars, 121 Spanish America, see Col6n. See China, 117-120,121-122,253,303, foreign trade, 121-122 Columbus, Christopher, for 400, 556-557 name, 120 reference to Christopher Chinautla polychrome, 362 Portuguese exploration of, 120-121 Columbus. Chincha, 359 Circumference, 123-127 Colombo, Andrea, 130 Chios, 170, 673 Circumpolarity, 230 Colombo, Antonio, 162, 165, 167 Chiriqui Lagoon, 724 Cisneros, Francisco Jimenez de. See Colombo, Domenico, 129-130, 162, Cholollan, 366 Jimenez de Cisneros, Francisco 164, 165-167, 168, 169, 170, 171, Chontal Mayas, 361 Classical exploration, 258-259 218, 272, 283 Christfor Colomb (Majakovskij), 429 Claudel, Paul, 428 Colombo, Giacomo. See Col6n, Diego Christia, Pau, 389 Clausen, Carl, 35 (1462-1515) Christianity Clement IV, 59, 538 Colombo, Giovanni, 130, 162 and Canadian Indians, 151 Clement VI, 53 Colombo, Giovanni Antonio, 130-131, conversion of native people, 196 Clement VII, 457, 592 713, 718 and economic institutions, 637 Clementine Mannerism, 592 Colombus novus, 429 encounters with Amerindian Cleomedes, 123 Col6n. Reference to members of the religions, 591 Clepsydra. See Water clock Columbus family whose lives in Japan, 120-121, 122 Cline, S.L., as contributor, 216-217 centered in Spain or in Spanish and map-making, 101 Clocks, 291,436,439,511, 513, 605 America can be found under spread of, 471-474 mechanical, 665-666 Col6n. For those whose lives Christophe Colomb (Bertin), 428 see also Timetelling; Water clock; centered in Italy, see Colombo. Christophe Colomb (Cendrars), 428 specific types See Columbus, Christopher, for Christophe Colomb (lamartine), 428 Clothing. See Equipment, clothing, and reference to Christopher Christophe Colomb (Roselly de rations Columbus. Lorgues), 428 Coat of arms (Columbus's), 127-129 Col6n, Bartolome, 25, 29, 73, 78, 131- Christophe Colombe (Ghelderode), Cocaine, 135 132, 135, 162, 168, 175, 189, 199, 428 Coca River, 524 200, 202, 285, 298, 409, 415, 417, Christophe Colombe, ou Ia decouverte Cocchia, Roque, 79 534, 615, 710, 711' 712, 715, 718, du Nouveau Monde, 428 Cochin, 88, 89, 531 720, 721' 724, 725, 726, 750 Christopher, Saint, 628 Cod, 149, 157, 175 Col6n, Crist6bal (grandson of Christopher Columbus (film), 334, 335, Codex Mendoza, 365 Christopher Columbus), 137, 419, 336 Codex Tudela, 343 668 Christopher Columbus (television film), Codex Vienna, 280 Col6n, Diego (1462-1515), 133, 136, 336 Coelho, Gonc;alo, 146, 261 162, 199, 711' 720, 750 Christopher Columbus and the Cofitachequi, 370 Col6n, Diego (1480-1526), 129, 130, Discovery of America, 180 Cofradia, 363-364 131, 132, 133-135, 137, 143, 162, Christopher Columbus in Chains, 482 Cohoba, 278 163, 194, 195, 200, 201-202, 224, Christopher Unborn, 433 Coinage, 467 409, 490, 534, 540, 558, 651' 668, Chronicle of King Afonso V, 1 Coins. See Numismatics 720 Chronicle of King john II, 186 Colecci6n Tabula Americae, 423 and Beatriz Enriquez, 24-25 Chronicon, 564 Colegio de Santo Tomas, 223 and Bobadilla, 72 Chronologica et astronomica elementa, Colescott, Robert, 324 family burial, 77 123 Colhuacan dynasty, 364 founded Sevilla Ia Nueva, 22 Chronometers. See Clocks Coligua, 370 last will and testament, 78 Church of England, 158, 242 Colina (ship), 623 lawsuit over privileges, 56, 416-419 Cibao, 523, 702, 708 College of Santiago de Tlateloco, 539 named as heir, 750-751 Cibola, 466 Colmeiro, Manuel, 80 and Sevilla Ia Nueva, 611-613 Ciboney, 217, 735 Coloma, Juan de, 192, 391, 583 Col6n, Felipa, 138, 162 Ciguayos, 702 Colombia, coins of, 325, 326 Col6n, Fernando, 24, 37, 131, 134, 135- Cinema. See Film Colombo. Reference to members of the 136, 162, 164, 171, 173, 175, 176,

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 762 INDEX

Colon, Fernando, continued arrest of, 72, 73, 534, 719 rout of Tafnos, 711 177, 182, 183, 202, 207, 208, 314, attitude toward Indians, 70 in royal service, 188-191 404,420,446,487,490,494,597, birth and origins, 161-163 search for ships of, 33-36 612, 624, 629, 650, 651, 652, 676, birthplace of, 495 signature of, 628-630, 650, 746 720, 738, 746, 750 burial places of, 77-81 in Spain, 187-198 Colon, Isabel, 137, 162 charts made by, 503-504 spirituality of, 650-653, 712 Colon, Juana, 137, 162 coat of arms, 127-129 statements on New World religion, Colon, juan Antonio, 200 collections of memorabilia, 487-490 588 Colon, Luis, 77, 78, 137-138, 162,418, death of, 203 treatment of Tafnos, 532-533 419, 420, 668, 744 division of estate, 752 as unknown pilot, 179-180 Colon, Marfa, 137, 162 early European portraits, 315-321 voyages of. See Voyages of Colon de Toledo, Juana, 137 early maritime experience, 167-174 Columbus Colonization, 138-158 education of, 163-164, 421 the world after, 256-257 according to Book of Privileges, 74 "Enterprise of the Indies", 8 writings of, 404, 737-752 effect on agriculture, 6-7 in European literature, 427-430 Columbus at Salamanca, 322, 324 English, 153-158 fading of reputation, 197-198, 719 Columbus before the Queen, 322, 324 French, 139, 149-153 family background, 165-166 Columbus Chapel, Boal Mansion institutional development, 142-145 family tree, 162 Museum (Boalsburg, overview of, 138-139 and Fernando and Isabel, 189-191, Pennsylvania), 489 Portuguese, of Brazil, 146-149 192-193, 194, 195-196,197,198, Columbus Day, 114, 159 Spanish, 139, 140-145 199, 202 Columbus Doors (U.S. Capitol). See see also Settlements; specific final years, 198-203 Rogers Doors colonies finances of, 200 Columbus Geist, 429 Colon y Carvajal, Cristobal, 138 financial support of, 192-193, 543, Columbus Memorial Lighthouse Colon y Mosquera, Marfa, 138 600 (Dominican Republic), 489 Colony Pravia, Diego, 138 first contact with Indians, 698 Columbus Sighting Land, 478 Colony Toledo, Cristobal, 138 friendship with Vespucci, 687 Columbus's Last Appeal to Isabella, 476 Coloquios dos simples e drogas he governorship of La Espanola, 198, 532 Columbus Tryptych, 324 cousas medicinais da India, 649 health problems, 202 Coma, Guillermo, 624 Columbiad, The, 433 in Hispanic literature, 430-433 Comella, Luciano, 431 Columbian exchange. See Agriculture; influence of d'Ailly, 8, 748 Coming of Columbus, The (film), 334 Disease and Demography; Fauna; instruments used by, 514 Committee of Badajoz, 136 Flora jewish support of, 391 Community of Habitants, 151 Columbian Exposition, 112, 113, 114, and ]oao II, 182-184,186-187 Company of Cathay, 153, 154, 518, 519 327, 328, 330, 334 journal of, 404 Company of New France, 151 Columbianism, 158-160 landfall controversy, 401-408 Compass, 205-208, 221,229, 230, 244- Columbian Order. See Tammany last will and testament. See Last will 245, 407, 435, 466, 506-507, 512, Society and testament of Columbus 542 Columbian societies, 160-161 letter to Alexander VI, 11-12 declination of, 207-208 Columbus. For members of the marooned on jamaica, 726-727 magnetic, 205-206 Columbus family whose lives marriage of, 176-178, 540 marine, 205-206 centered in Italy, see Colombo. as merchant, 169-176, 201 Compasso da navigare, 222, 506, 511, For those whose lives centered in mistress of, 24-25 595, 596 Spain or in Spanish America, see monuments and memorials, 475- Compendium, 205 Colon. See Columbus, 485 Complutensian Polyglot Bible, 222, 395, Christopher, for reference to myth of, 494-497 587 Christopher Columbus. name, 651 Comunero Revolt, 135, 282, 667 Columbus (film), 335-336 as navigator, 204-205 Concepci6n (ship), 239, 444 Columbus, Christopher, 161-204 notebooks of, 423 Concepcion de Ia Vega, 28, 29, 78, 223, adolescence and youth, 163-167 physical appearance, 176, 315 616 in American literature, 433-435 Pleitos Colombinos. See Lawsuits Conciliarism, 537 American paintings of, 321-325 in Portugal, 175-187 Concordat of Bologna, 285 annotation of books, 651 quincentenary, 574-577 Concubines, 384, 736 appeals for royal support, 182-184 route from Canary Islands, 406 Congress of Arras, 549

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 763

Conquest, 532-535 Cortes of Toledo, 381 Cronau, Rudolf, 81 legitimization of, 471-472 Corvo island, 180 Cr6nica de Michoacan, 472 Consejo de Aragon, 555 Cosa, juan de Ia, 60, 85, 91, 105, 193, Cronica dos feitos da Guine, 679 Consejo de Ia Santa Hermandad, 380, 213-215, 261,406,418,488, 504, Cronkite, Walter, 336 555 523, 524, 548, 628, 687, 694, 699, Crooked Island, 407 Consejo de las lndias, 154, 283 704, 709, 719, 735 Crop-and-fallow system, 4 Consejo de las Ordenes, 555 Cosali, Andrea, 642 Crops. See Agriculture; Flora; specific Consejo de Ia suprema y general Cosimo I, 281, 500 crops lnquisicion, 555 Cosmetics, 650 Crossbow, 467 Consulado of Seville, 676 Cosmographia (Apian), 641 Cross, Cape, 96 Contarini map, 450 Cosmographia (Ptolemy), 297 Cross-staff, 215-216, 246, 291 Conti, Niccolo de', 208-209, 399, 558 Cosmographiae introductio, 19, 686, 729 Croy, Guillaume de, 116 Contraband, 675, 676 Cosmographiae tractatus duo, 123 Crusades, 251, 254, 374, 549 Conversos, 375, 376, 384, 389, 390-391, Costa, Francisco da, 642 Cruxent, jose, 610, 611 393, 395, 492, 657, 667, 669 Costa Miranda, josep' da, 206 Cruz, Francisco de Ia, 472 Convivio, 637 Costa Rica, 325 Cruz, Martin de Ia, 344 Cook, james, 265 Costoli, Aristedemo, 485 Ctesias, 294 Cook, Sherburne, 535 Cotton, 357, 366, 674 Cuauhtemoc, 212, 216-217, 486 Cooper, james Fenimore, 431 Council of Aragon, 143 Cuauhxicalli, 367 Coordinates (map), 103, 110 Council of Basel, 537, 549 Cuba, 27, 80, 89,211, 217-218, 248, Coosa, 369-370 Council of Castile, 416, 672 267,304,349,404,409,469,501, Copernicus, Nicolaus, 249-250, 256, Council of Constance, 8, 537 547, 693, 698, 699, 734 601,606 Council of Elvira, 388 Cubagua. See Nueva Cadiz Copper, 466 Council of Ferrara-Fiorence-Rome, 537, Cubit, 231 Cordier, Charles-Henri-joseph, 482 538, 558 Cueva, Beltran de Ia, 243, 398 Cordiform image, 20 Council of a Hundred, 61 Cueva, Francisca de Ia, 17 Cordoba (city), 24, 189, 209 Council of the Indies, 143, 416, 418, 541 Cueva, luis de Ia, 668 Cordoba, Alfonso de, 753-754 Council of lateran IV, 389 Cuitlahuac, 486 Cordoba, Gonzalo Fernandez de. See Council of lateran V, 537, 538 Culhua, 304 Fernandez de Cordoba, Gonzalo Council of Pavia-Siena, 537 Cumana, 410 Coriolis effect, 731 Council of Pisa, 8 Cummings, Thomas, 160 Corn. See Maize Council of Pisa-Milan-Asti-lyon, 537 Cuneo, Corrado da, 171, 218 Corne, Michael, 321 Council of Salamanca, 389 Cuneo, Michele da, 37, 171, 195, 218, Coronado, Francisco Vazquez de, 83, Council of Santa Fe, 297 490, 515, 624, 705, 709 210, 236, 263, 462 Council of Ten, 684 Cuneo, Sebastiana, 163 Corpus Hermeticum, 602 Council of Trent, 538, 684, 737 Cunha, Nuno da (father), 218 Corral, Andres de, 714 Council of Vienne, 389 Cunha, Nuno da (son), 219 Correa de Cunha, Pedro, 178, 540, 559 Council of Zamora, 389 Cunha, Tristao da, 218-219 Correia, Aires, 88 Coutinho, Fernando, 15 Cupids Cove, 157 Correo, El (ship), 625, 713 Covadonga, 584 Cura~ao, 687 Corte-Real, Gaspar, 54, 91, 518 Covilha, Pero da, 3, 372-373, 562 Currents. See Tides and currents Corte-Real, Miguel, 91, 518 Crafts, 681 Custom of Paris, 152 Cortes, Don Martin, 446 Crane, Hart, 435 Cuzco, 51, 219-220, 311, 312, 358, 472, Cortes, Hernando, 17, 89, 116, 140, 141, Cranganore, 89 551, 553 143, 211-213, 217, 224, 236, 259, Creolization, 139 Cybao. See Cibao 262, 264, 272, 304, 365, 410, 418, Crescas, Hasdai ben Abraham. See Cyclones, 734 445, 462, 474, 486, 501' 612, 646 Cresques, Abraham Cortes, Martin, 511 Cresques, Abraham, 250, 253, 389, 506, Cortesao, Armando, 260, 453, 553 557 Cortesao, jaime, 149, 453, 553 Crete, 617 D Cortes of Aragon, 375 Crews. See Ships and crews Cortes of Burgos, 13 Cristobal Colon (Comella), 431 Da Gama, Vasco. See Gama, Vasco da Cortes of Cadiz, 376 Cristofaro Colombo (Kazantzakis), 429 Daimyo, 121, 122 Cortes of Castile, 375, 398, 555 Cristoval Colon, 429 Dale, Thomas, 156

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 764 INDEX

Damao, Alvaro, 186 De orbe novo, 22, 427 Digging stick, 6, 366, 468 Dante Alighieri, 637, 659 Departure of Columbus from Palos, The Dilke, O.A.W., as contributor, 451-452, Darien, Santa Marfa Ia Antigua del, 55, (Leutze), 322 549-550, 569-570, 593-594, 653- 60, 140, 417 Departure of Columbus from the Port 654, 670-672 Darfo, Ruben, 432 of Palos (Sorolla), 318 Dinis I, 50, 508, 560 Das Narrenschiff, 428 De principiis astronomicae et Di Orchi, Alessandro, 317, 318 Dati, Giuliano, 337 cosmographiae, 513 Diplomacy, 684 Dati, Gregorio, 206 De regia potestate, 411 Directions, sailing, 512 Daughters of Isabella, 161 De revolutionibus orbium coe/estium, Directorium inquisitorum, 375 Dauphine (ship), 685 249-250 Discourse of a Discoverie for a Newe Da Vinci, Leonardo, 42, 45, 206, 601 Der Wirrwarr, oder Sturm und Orang, Passage to Cataia, 518, 519 Davis, David B., 631 428-429 Discourses, The, 499 Davis, John, 157, 264, 520 Description of the World, The. See Discoverer, The, 323 Davis Strait, 520, 521, 689 Travels (Polo) Discovery of America, 478 Day, John, 85, 260, 677 Deserps, Fram;:ois, 341 Discovery. See Exploration and Dead reckoning, 221-222, 229, 245, Desertas, 441 discovery; specific explorers and 406, 503, 504, 505, 508, 512, 542, Des Granges, Catherine, 99 locations 663 De Soto, Hernando. See Soto, Disease and demography, 7, 29, 225- Deagan, Kathleen, as contributor, 26- Hernando de 228,249,275,457-458,672 30, 606-608, 608-610 De sphaera mundi, 50, 250, 509 in the Americas before 1492, 226-227 De Bry. See Bry Detcheverry Dorre, Pierres, 265 on Columbus's second voyage, 196- De Bure globe. See Gilt globe Deule, Father, 612 197 Decades of Asia (Decadas da Asia), 177, De varietate fortunae, 209 impact of Europeans, 227-228, 349, 186, 399 Deza, Diego de, 192, 222-223 355, 370, 535 Deck beams, 617, 618 Deza, Pedro Suarez de, 223 see a/so Black Death; Epidemics; Decker, George, 689 Diamonds, 470 Medicine and health; specific Declination, 231, 406, 412, 509 Diario (of Columbus). See Journal diseases of compass, 207-208 Diario di Cristofaro Colombo e Pietro Disko Strait, 689 magnetic, 206, 407, 465, 505, 513 Gutierrez, 430 Distance, measurement of, 228-234 solar, 640, 753 Dias, Bartolomeu, 3, 48, 54, 87, 88, 97, Divination, 367 De correctione kalendarii, 651 119, 146, 173, 183, 184, 186, 191, Divine Comedy, 659 Decree of Expulsion, 392 223, 255, 372, 396, 452, 562, 651, Doesborch, jan van, 338 Dee, John, 520 693, 753 Dogs, 236, 269 Deeds, Susan M., as contributor, 368- Dias, Dinis, 309 Doldrums, 663, 731 369 Dias, Diogo, 88, 223 Dolinos, Hernan, 181 Deforestation, 8 Dias, Vincente, 180 Domagaya, 99, 100 De incertitudine et vanitate omnium Dfaz, Juan, 472 Dom Diogo, 218 scientarium & artium fiber, 299 Dfaz, Melchior, 210 Domesticated animals, 4, 6, 234-237, De Ia Cosa, Juan. See Cosa, Juan de Ia Dfaz d'Aux, Miguel, 558 270, 369 De Ia natural historia de las lndias, 528 Dfaz del Castillo, Bernal, 55, 61, 223- growth of herds, 236-237 De Ia Warr, Lord, 156 224, 471, 528 routes to New World, 234-236 Delgado-Gomez, Angel, as contributor, Dfaz de Montalvo, Alonso, 556 see a/so specific animals 17-18, 211-213, 223-224, 271-272 Dfaz de Pisa, Bernal, 708 Domingos do Arco, Fernao, 180 De magnete, 436, 513 Dfaz de Solfs, Juan, 146, 224-225, 261, Dominicans, 144, 145, 472, 616, 669 Demarcation, Line of. See Line of 262, 549 Doria Angelina. See Yupanqui, Arias Demarcation Dicaearchus of Messana, 123 Doria Marina. See Malinche Demography. See Disease and Dickson, Fred, 35 Donatello, 43 demography Die Eroffnung des indischen Zeiltalter, Donation of Constantine, 538, 587 Demora, 534 429 Don Christopher's Cove, 33 De mundo in universo, 550 Diet of Worms, 455 Don Diego, 712 De natura rerum, 385 Diez, Pero, 120 Donnacona, 91, 99, 100 Denis, Fernand, 428 Diffie, Bailey W., 89 Donne, John, 521-522 Denys, jean, 91 Digges, Leonard, 730 Doolin, Jim, as contributor, 327-333

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 765

Dopplemayer, ).C., 127 Education Engraving, 41, 76, 299 Dorantes, Andres, 83 Aztec, 366 Enrique (infante of Arag6n), 12, 398 Doria, Francisco, 201 Indian religious, 473 Enrique Ill, 378 Doria, lacopo, 692 medical, 457, 458 Enrique IV, 1, 243, 282, 375, 378-379, Double-cordiform world map, 465 Edward, Bryan, 321 398, 638-639, 646, 678 Double-entry bookkeeping, 164 Edward VI, 242, 311 Enriquez, Alfonso, 75 Drago, Andrea, 170 Edwin, David, 321 Enriquez, Fadrique, 379 Drake, Francis, 55, 264, 615 Effigy vessel, 359 Enriquez, Juana, 379, 398 Dream of Columbus, The, 322 Egypt, 617, 673 Enrfquez, Martin, 541 Dreyfus, Simone, as contributor, 349- Ehecatl Quetzalcoatl, 367 Epidemics, 225, 227, 302, 312, 351, 457, 351 El arpa y Ia sombra, 432-433 459,673 Drugs, 649, 672 Elcano, Domingo Sebastian de, 239 see a/so specific diseases Duarte I, 1,538,559 Elcano, Juan Sebastian de, 87, 141, 239- Epidemiology, 632-633 Dudem siquidem, 425, 538, 678 240,256,262,265,443,445,563 Epistola de magnete, 205 Dudley, Robert, 466 El Dorado, 358, 3%, 454, 466, 524 Epitome of the Almagest, 601, 603, 606 Duero River, 681, 682 Elegfas de varones i/ustres de lndias, Equipment, clothing, and rations, 243- Dujos, 348 431 247 Dulmo, Fernao. See Olm, Ferdinand Elements (earth, air, fire, water), 604 Erasmus, Desiderius, 586-587 van Elements (Euclid), 603 Eratosthenes, 50, 123, 124, 233, 412, 451, Dunbar, Paul lawrence, 434 El estrecho dudoso, 432 653 Dunn, Oliver, 739 Elizabeth I, 3, 54, 154, 242, 311, 518 Ericsson, Freydis, 248, 314 Durand, Amedee, 325 Elizabeth of Valois, 541 Ericsson, leif, 52, 247-248, 255, 258, Durer, Albrecht, 46, 299-300, 339 Elizabeth River, 154 313, 688, 689 Dutch East India Company, 264, 563 El Jardin de Ia Reina, 709 Ericsson, Thorstein, 314 Dutra, Francis A., as contributor, 218- Elkin, Judith laikin, as contributor, 392- Ericsson, Thorvald, 248, 258, 313-314, 219, 239-240, 531-532 394 689 Duveneck, Frank, 322 Ellibro de Ia primera navegaci6n, 490 Eric the Red, 247, 258, 313 Dyes, 672 El Libro de Marco Polo, 422 Erosion, 8 Elmina track, 512 Erysipelas, 457 El Nuevo Mundo descubierto por Esbarroya, lucian and leonardo de, 209 Crist6ba/ Co/6n, 431 Escalante, Garcia de, 120 E Elogia virorum bel/ica virtute illustrium, Escobar, Diego de, 718, 727 316 Escobar, Rodrigo de, 725 Eakins, Thomas, 323 El Puerto de los Hidalgos, 708 Escobedo, Rodrigo de, 488, 547, 698, Eanes de Zurara, Gomes, 177, 308 El Quibian, 461, 725 702 Eannes, Gil, 308, 561 El Salvador, coins of, 325, 326 Escorial, the, 647 Earenfight, Theresa, as contributor, 1- El Templete, 481 Eskimos, 344, 519, 520 2,12, 112,116-117,243,377,385, Eltis, David, as contributor, 630-635 Esmenaut, Jean de, 286 396-397, 397, 397-398, 398, 398- Emeralds, 470 Esmeraldo, Joao. See Esmenaut, jean 399,447-448,450,450-451,454- Emigration, 237 de 455, 600-601 En Bas Saline, 606, 608 Esmeralda de situ orbis, 223, 506, 511, Earth En busca del Gran Khan, 432 531, 532 circumference, 123-127 Encomienda, 134, 144, 240-241, 293, Espaiia: Un enigma hist6rico, 491 magnetism, 435 348, 349, 363, 409, 411' 462, 470, Espanola, La, 26, 60, 73, 115, 131, 132, models of, 249-250 533, 535, 614, 668 134, 137, 140, 141, 195, 197, 198- Easton, Peter, 157 Endocannibalism, 94-95 200, 201, 223, 240, 248-249, 267, Ebstorf world map, 658 Enea Silvio. See Pius II 346,415,469,548,608,609,625, Eckermann, johan Peter, 429 England, 54-55, 241-244 659, 693, 702, 734 Eckhart, Meister, 586 colonization, 153-158, 351 Bobadilla as governor, 72 Eclipses, 249,436,438, 439, 511, 641, population of, 242 as burial place, 77 670 relation to papacy, 587 Columbus as governor, 194, 198 Economic institutions. See Social and English East India Company, 157, 521, conditions in, 143 economic institutions 563 epidemic in, 173

VOLUME 1: pp.1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 766 INDEX

Espanola, continued Fauna, 141, 267-271,579 death of, 409 government of, 143 depictions of, 344-345 delay of third voyage, 712-713 Indians of, 70 of Mexico and Central America, 269- Inquisition, 375-376, 381 naming of, 25, 194 270 and joao II, 11, 425 Espejo de navegantes, 406 New World, 268 and Juana I, 398-399 Espina, Alonso de, 375 of South America, 270-271 last letter to Columbus, 721 Espinosa, Gaspar de, 358 of Spanish Florida, 269 law reforms of, 555 Espinosa, Juan de, 203 of West Indies, 267-269 and louis XII, 438 Esquivel, Juan de, 140, 387, 611, 612 see also Domesticated animals; and medical law, 459 Essays in Population History, 535 specific animals Mendoza's influence over, 463 Estormento de sombras, 514 Fear, Cape, 685 portrait of Columbus commissioned Ethiopia, 3, 254 Feast of the Virgin, 194 by, 316 Ettlinger, Helen S., as contributor, 41- Federico of Arag6n, 500 prophecies about, 652 47 Federmann, Nicolas, 357, 396 Reconquista, 189-190, 191-192, 381, Etymologiae, 385, 658 Felix V, 549 585,639 Etzlaub, Erhard, 208 Ferdinand I, 399, 454 revenue to crown, 556 Euclid, 603 Fernandes, Alvaro, 309 tomb of, 384 Eudoxus of Cyzicus, 259 Fernandes, Gonc;alo, 180 Treaty of Alcac;ovas, 678 Eugenie of France, 482-483 Fernandes, Joao, 261 Fernando the Catholic. See Fernando of Eugenius IV, 209,538,549,558,591,592 Fernandes, Valentim, 573 Arag6n Europe and the wider world in 1492, Fernandes, Vasco, 339 Fernel, Jean, 233 249-257 Fernandes de lucena, Vasco, 96 Ferrante I, 374, 500 Examen critique de l'histoire de Ia Fernandez, Alejo, 318-319 Ferrelo, Bartolome, 264 geographie du nouveau continent Fernandez, Francisco, 536 Fibonacci. See leonardo of Pisa aux XV et XVI siec/es, 312 Fernandez Coronel, Pedro, 704, 709, Ficino, Marsilio, 602, 605 Exigit sincerae devotionis, 375 718 Fiennes, Edward, 206 Eximiae devotionis, 424 Fernandez de C6rdoba, Francisco, 211, Fieschi, Bartolomeo, 203, 272-273, 462, Exploration and discovery, 257-266 224, 262, 271-272, 304 721, 726 after 1492, 261-265 Fernandez de C6rdoba, Gonzalo, 272, Film, 333-336 Basque, 265-266 384,500 Firearms, 121 before 1492, 257-260 Fernandez de Enciso, Martin, 60, 61, First Book of Pantometria, 730 classical, 258-259 511 First Landing of Christopher Columbus, Norse, 257-258 Fernandez de lugo, Alonso, 71-72, 395 322 see also specific explorers; specific Fernandez de Navarrete, Martin, 115, First Letter from America (to Santangel, geographic locations 208, 402, 490, 738, 744-745 or Sanchez), 196, 608, 745 Eymerich, Nicolau, 375 Fernandez de Oviedo, Gonzalo. See First Mexican Provincial Council, 539 Ezekiel, 658 Oviedo, Gonzalo Fernandez de First voyage. See Voyages of Columbus Ezra, Abraham ibn, 388 Fernandez ladrillero, Juan, 264 Fish, 267-268, 269, 270 Ezra, Moses ibn, 388 Fernandino (ship), 173 Fishing, 149-150, 157, 175, 357 Fernando I, 12, 378, 397, 560 Five Nations Iroquois, 151 Fernando II. See Fernando of Arag6n Fixico, Donald l., as contributor, 577- Fernando Ill, 209, 442, 458, 585 578 Fernando of Arag6n, 9, 23, 42, 54, 62, Flamengue (ship), 686 F 64, 70,143,203,224,243,284,302, Flanders, 455, 596 377-385, 391, 395, 496,524, 554, Flatey Book, 247, 313 Faber, Felix, 221-222 639, 643, 646 Flaubert, Gustav, 428 Factorfas, 674-675 advance into Africa, 382 Fleury, Jean, 675 Fagundes, Joao Alvares, 91 and Afonso V, 12, 423 Flora, 141, 273-281, 579 Faleiro, Francisco, 208, 511 and Cabot, 86 American crops in Old World, 276- Faleiro, Ruy, 437, 443, 511 the Catholic, 83, 133, 134, 397, 743 278 Famine, 457, 533, 711 and Charles VIII, 117 depictions of, 344-345 Farghani, al-. See Alfraganus and Columbus, 189, 192-193, 194, European crops in the Americas, Farming. See Agriculture 195-196,197,198,416,694 274-276 Farnese, Alessandro, 593 commercial ventures of, 192, 201 psychotropic, 278-279

VOLUME 1: pp.1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 767

Florence, 281, 673 Francis of Brittany, 117 303, 373, 399, 447, 510, 513, 562, Florentine art, 45-46 Franco, Francisco, 70 565 Flores island, 180 Frankfurter, Alexander M., 324 voyages of, 289 Florida, 401, 463, 501, 558, 642 Frankincense, 650 Gamez, Pedro de, 718 Florida Straits, 660, 661 Frederick II, 500 Ganado mayor, 236 Florin, Jean, 686 Frederick Ill, 76, 454, 549 Ganado menor, 236 Floyd, Troy, 135 Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P., as Gannon, Michael, as contributor, 261- Fo, Dario, 430 contributor, 2-4 265, 528-529 Focea, 673, 674 Fregoso, Giano da Campo, 165 Ganz, Margery A., as contributor, 685- Foix, Germaine de, 385 Fregoso, Pietro, 129, 165 686 Fondouks, 674 Fregoso party, 129, 165, 272 Garay, Francisco de, 612, 614, 705 Fonseca, Alfonso de, 281-282 French East India Company, 563 Garboard strake, 618 Fonseca, Antonio de, 282 French literature, 427-428 Garces, Jorge, 531 Fonseca, Juan Rodriguez de, 64, 134, French Revolution, 80 Garces, Julian, 539 143, 195, 197, 282-283, 415, 416, Freneau, Philip, 433 Garda Marquez, Gabriel, 432 443, 517, 523, 548, 623, 670, 704, Freud, Sigmund, 429 Garde, Pierre, 514, 596 713, 719 Freyre, Gilberto, 148 Garibay, Esteban de, 265 Fontanarossa, Susanna, 129, 133, 162, Friedman, John Block, as contributor, Garza (ship), 625, 713 165-167, 169, 171, 283 293-296 Gasca, Pedro de Ia, 137, 552 Fontanarubea, Jacobi de, 283 Frisius, Rainer Gemma. See Gemma Gates, Thomas, 155, 157 Food Frisius Gemma Frisius, 36, 290-291, 300, 436, Genoese, 166 Frobisher, Martin, 55, 91, 258, 264, 344, 464, 513, 518, 666 Indians' diet, 269 518-519 Gemstones, 363, 468, 470-471 preservation, 650 Frobisher Strait, 518, 519, 521 Genesis, 658 in Spanish settlements, 141 Froschauer, Johann, 337 Genghis Khan, 251, 304, 564 see also Equipment, clothing, and Fuentes, Carlos, 433 Genoa,61, 129,162,163,164,167-171, rations; specific foods Funchal, 286, 441 292-293, 635, 639, 673 Forestaff, 510 Fundy, Bay of, 150 Genocide. See Pacification, conquest, Forest fallow, 6 Funerary rites, 94-95 and genocide Forli, Melozzo da, 44 Furst, Peter T., as contributor, 278-279, Gensfleisch zur laden, Johann. See Fornova, battle of, 117 279-281 Gutenberg, Johann Forster, George, 312 Fur trade, 150, 151, 157 Geographic Syntaxis, 231 Forsyth, Donald W., as contributor, Fust, Johann, 565, 605 Geography, 18, 250, 385, 448, 550, 658, 353-356 Futtocks, 619, 622 670 Fortalitium fidei, 375 academic, 250-251 Fort Caroline, 463 imaginary, 293-296 Fort Concepci6n, 718 world, 251-255 Fortunate Islands. See Canary Islands G see also Cartography; specific Fountain of Youth, 565 geographers and geographic Fourth voyage. See Voyages of Gabirol, Solomon ibn, 388 locations Columbus Gago lover, Francisco, as contributor, Geography (Ptolemy), 103, 223, 250, Fox, Gustavus Vasa, 405, 698 681-682 297, 383, 412, 437, 448, 451, 488, Foxe, luke, 521 Gainer, Kim Dian, 406 569, 671 , 676, 729, 730 France, 54, 283-286, 384, 397, 450, 540 Galen, 601, 602, 603, 604 Geography (Strabo), 653 colonization, 56, 139, 149-153, 351 Galileo, 605, 667 Geomagnetism, 465 explorations by, 263, 285-286, 463 Gal/ega (ship), 35,461, 581, 623, 627- Geraldini, Alessandro, 296-297, 377, invasion of Naples, 284, 384, 500 628, 708, 721 451,543 louis XI, 437-438 Gallo, Antonio, 131, 168, 287 Geraldini, Antonio, 297, 377,451, 543 relation to papacy, 587 Galvao, Duarte, 531 Gerard of Cremona, 14 trade, 673 Galway, 175 German literature, 428-429 Francis I, 42, 54, 91, 93, 99,283, 284, Gama, Estevao da, 287 Germanus. See Martellus, Henricus 438, 537, 685 Gama, Paolo da, 288 Germanus, Nicolaus, 297 Franciscans, 122, 142, 144, 151, 369, 394, Gama, Vasco da, 3, 48, 87, 88, 89, 97, Germany, 638 472, 583, 586, 587, 590-591, 651 119, 246, 253, 255, 261, 287-290, Gershom, levi ben, 216

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 768 INDEX

Gesner, Konrad, 345 Gomes de Azurara, Eanes, 679 Griffin, Clive, as contributor, 565-569 Gesprache mit Goethe in den letzen G6mez, Esteban, 141 Grijalba, Juan de, 211, 224, 262, 304, Jahren seines Lebens, 429 Gonc;alves, Antao, 309, 680 474 Ghelderode, Michel de, 428 Gonc;alves, Nuno, 426 Grimaldo, Juan Francesco de, 25 Ghiberti, Lorenzo, 478 Gonc;alves da Camara, Joao, 180 Groseclose, Barbara, as contributor, Ghirlandaio, Domenico, 42, 44 Gonc;alves Zarco, Joao, 177, 178, 286, 475-485 Ghirlandaio, Ridolfo, 318 308, 441, 559, 561 GrOninger, Johann, 729, 731 Ghiselin de Busbecq, Oghier, 527 Gonzalez, Francicsa, 550 Guacanagarf, 25, 27, 532, 533, 606, 608, Gil, Juan, 422 Gonzalez Davila, Gil, 56, 271-272, 613 699, 702, 708, 711 Gilbert, Adrian, 520 Goodwin, William, 33 Guacaonabo. See Caonab6 Gilbert, Humphrey, 55, 91, 154, 264, Gorbalan, Gines de, 704, 708 Guachoya, 370 465, 518, 520 Gorda, La (ship), 625, 713 Guadeloupe, 349 Gilbert, William, 436, 513 Gores. See Globe gores Gualdape, Miguel de, 56 Gilbert of Aurillac, 297 Gorricio, Gaspar, 203, 488, 652, 743, Guale, 370 Giles of Viterbo, 588 748, 751 Guanahani, 401,406, 547, 559, 698, 740 Gilt globe, 299 Gothic art, 41, 42-43 see also San Salvador Island Giorgione, 46 Gough, Barry M., as contributor, 90-93 Guanahatabey, 217, 735 Giovanna II, 500 Gould, Alicia Bache, 491, 546 Guanches, 631, 632, 634 Giovanni, Bertoldo, 0, 45 Gouveia, Andre, 88 Guantanamo, 217, 709 Giovio, Antonia, 317 Gran, Ahmed, 3 Guaranis, 353 Giovio, Paolo, 316-317 Granada, 301-302, 374, 381, 395, 492, Guard Stars, 204, 412, 508, 509, 542 Giulio Barrili, Anton, 430 585, 657,681, 694 Guarionex, 533, 718, 721 Giustiniani, Agostino, 131 and Boabdil, 71 Guatari, 370 Glareanus, Henricus Loritus, 300 capitulations of, 193 Guatemala, 325, 361, 363 Glassblowing, 663 conquest of, 9, 15 Guaticabanu, 589 Glazier, Stephen D., as contributor, and Fernando of Arag6n, 191-192 Guatiguana, 711 588-591 Granada Company, 169 Guayaquil, 524 Globe gores, 298, 299, 300, 730 Grand Canary, 695 Guayaquil, Gulf of, 359 Globes, 19, 62,251,290-291, 297-301, Grand Khan, 302-304, 557, 699 Guelphs, 500 465, 518 Grands voyages, 76, 316 Guercheville, Marquis de, 150 Gnomon, 412, 670 Grand Turk Island, 401, 402, 405, 406, Guerra, Crist6bal, 214, 418, 517, 610 Goa (India), 290 698 Guerra, Luis, 517, 610 Goats, 236 Grant, Edward, as contributor, 601-604 Guerrilla warfare, 236, 362, 467 Goes, Bento, 118 Grant, Sebastian, 428 Guiana current, 662 Goes, Hugo van der, 42 Grapes, 274,441,688,689 Guicciardini, Francesco, 430, 499 Golconda, 470 Grave of Columbus. See Burial places Guild Rebellion, 565 Gold, 12, 38, 56, 61, 96, 140, 148-149, of Columbus Guilds, 637, 681, 683

197, 200, 201 I 253, 357, 361 I 363, Great Britain. See England Guillen, Felipe, 208 410, 466, 468-469, 523, 532, 534, Great circle course, 466 Guinea, 182, 678, 680 5611 5711 616, 675, 694, 708, 725 Greater Antilles, 734 Guinea Bissau, 659 Gold Coast, 634 Great Fish River, 288 Guinea track, 512 Golden Hind (ship), 264 Great Harbor Cay, 404 Guirai-Hadjiiossiff, Jacqueline, as Golden Legend, 567 Great lnagua. See Babeque contributor, 681 Goldsmith, Charles W., 328 Great Western Schism, 8, 537, 586, 591 Guistiniani family, 170 Goldsmith, Joan B., as contributor, 241- Greek manuscripts, 602-603 Gulf of Batabano, 710 243, 309-310, 310-311 Green Globe, 298 Gulf of Guayaquil, 359 Goldsmith, Roger A., 406 Greenland, 247, 255, 258, 314, 688, 690 Gulf of Mexico, 263, 267, 661, 733 G6mara, Francisco L6pez de, 64, 70, Gregory IX, 375 Gulf of Paria, 549, 659, 712, 715 224 Gregory X, 557 Gulf of St. Lawrence, 91, 99, 659 Gomera, 71-72, 695 Gregory XIII, 539, 593 Gulf Stream, 267, 660, 662 Gomes, Diogo, 16, 63, 119, 753 Grek, Maksim, 429 Gum mastic (gum arabic), 170 Gomes, Fernao, 3, 561 Grenier, Robert, 31, 621 Gunpowder, 605 Gomes, Joao, 216 Grenville, Richard, 264 Gutenberg, Johann, 565, 605

VOlUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOlUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 769

Gutenberg press, 566 Henry VII, 84, 85, 86, 91, 131, 241, 242, History of the British West Indies, 321 Gutierrez, Pedro, 698, 702 261, 309-310 History of the Indies (l6pez de Guy, john, 157 Henry VIII, 112,242, 310-311,378,384, G6mara), 179 Guyuk Khan, 252, 303 438,685 History of the Inquisition, 392 Guzman, Enrique de, 304-305, 461 Henry the Navigator, 1, 3, 90, 105, 119, History of Italy, 499 Guzman, juan Alfonso de, 461 177, 178, 180, 187, 303, 308-309, History of the Life and Voyages of Gymnase Vosgien, 729 423,426,441,560-561,605,680 Christopher Columbus, 322, 402, Heraldry. See Coat of arms 434 Hereditary offices, 192-193 History of the Mongols, 303, 564 Heresy, 538, 586 History of the New World (Benzoni), 76 H Herjulfsson, Bjarni, 247, 258, 313, 689 Hochelagans. See Iroquois Hermeneutics, 586 Hodges, William, 608 Hacienda of Santa lnes, 110, 111 Hermes Trismegistus. See Thoth Hoffman, Charles A., 407 Hack, Peter, 429 Hermetic writings, 605 Hoffman, Paul E., as contributor, 56, Haecker, Hans Joachim, 429 Hernandez, Francisco, 344 56-57,133-135, 137-138,140- Hagadol, Hajibul. See Zacuto, Abraham Hernandez, Pedro, 84 145, 224-225, 240-241, 395-396, Haiti, 27, 34, 687 Herrera, juan de, 616 454, 462-463, 474, 524, 668-669 Hakluyt, Richard, 76, 264 Herrera y Tordesillas, Antonio de, 224, Holbein, Hans, 518 Hall, C.F., 519-520 311, 401 Holderlin, Friedrich, 429 Hall, Francis, 258 Heyden, Gaspar van der, 464 Holy lance, 374 Hallucinogens. See Flora, psychotropic Hidetada, 122 Holy league, 537 Hanseatic league, 635 Hideyoshi, Toyotomi, 122 Holy Roman Empire, 554 Hapsburgs, 197, 554 Hieronymite Order, 657 Holywood, John of (Johannes de Harley, ).B., as contributor, 213-215 Hierro, 406, 695 Sacrobosco), 50, 123, 125, 233, Harpe, Benard de Ia, 225 Highborn Cay wreck, 32-33, 38, 515, 250, 509, 510, 693 Harquebuses, 467 544, 621, 622 Holzschuler, Georg, 298 Harrison, John, 291, 439, 513, 666 Hinojeda, Pedro de, 752 Homem, lopo, 437 Harrisse, Henri, 161, 421 Hipparchus, 436, 451 Homosexuality, 384 Hartmann, Georg, 299 Hippocrates, 603 Hondius, )odocus, 300, 466 Hassan, Yekutiel ibn, 388 Hirst, Michael, 316 Honduras, 351, 474 Hatshepsut, 649 Hispaniola. See Espanola, la Honshu, 121 Hatteras, Cape, 660 Histoire des grands voyages et des Hopi, 5 Hatun ayllu, 52 grands voyageurs, 428 Horace, 259 Haugen, Einar, as contributor, 313-315 Histoire naturelle des lndes, 144, 275, Horary quadrant, 574 Hauk's Book, 313, 314 352 Horse latitudes, 734 Havana, 79, 140, 676 Historia de Espana abreviada, 568 Horses, 234, 236 Hebert, John R., as contributor, 112- Historia del Almirante escrita por su Hospitals, 457, 458 114 hijo Hernando Col6n, 744 Hourglass. See Ampoletta; Timeglass Heemskerck, Jacob van, 216 Historia de las lndias, 404, 408, 411, 442, House of Trade. See Casa de Ia Heers, Jacques, 90 490, 650, 651, 670, 738, 744, 746 Contrataci6n Heine, Heinrich, 429 Historia del Nuevo Mundo (Munoz), Hoyarsbal, Martin de, 265 Helluland, 248, 688, 689 402 Hoyt, Albert)., 158 Helms, Mary W., as contributor, 356- Historia de los Reyes Catolicos, 712 Hsuan-te, 118 357 Historia del S.D. Fernando Colombo, Huanacopampa, 51, 311 Hemmings, Captain, 613 404, 490, 746 Huareo, 462 Henige, David, as contributor, 738-742 Historia eclesiastica indiana, 588 Huascar, 51, 311-312 Henrico, 155 Historia general y natural de las lndias, Huayna Capac, 51, 311, 312, 552 Henrique, Cardinal, 563 129,179,401,528,565 Hubard, William )ames, 322 Henriques, Afonso, 176, 426 Historia rerum ubique gestarum, 422, Hudson, Charles, as contributor, 369- Henry II, 284, 285, 340 677, 747 370, 641-642 Henry IV (king of Castile). See Enrique Historical Sketches, 653 Hudson, Henry, 157 IV History of the Archbishopric of Hudson Bay, 157, 518 Henry IV (king of France), 150 Hamburg, 313 Hudson Strait, 521

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 770 INDEX

Huejotzingo Codex, 212 political structure of, 358 pacification, conquest, and Huezotzinco, 366, 486 religion of, 219-220, 359-360, 591 genocide, 532-535 Huguenots, 285 Income distribution, 637 place in colonial society, 143 Huidobro, Vicente, 432 India, 219, 399, 531 population, 7, 29, 225-226, 228, 580, Huitzilopochtli, 364, 367 Portuguese, 15, 255, 290 735 Hull, 617, 618, 619, 621 India (ship), 625, 712, 713 quincentenary perspectives, 577- Humanism, 566, 587 Indian America, 337-372 578 in Italy, 602 accurate representations of, 342-345 rebellion by, 474, 711 Humanist philology, 586 allegorical figure of, 341-342 religious traditions, 588-591 Human sacrifice, 362, 367 Arawaks and Caribs, 351-353 slavery, 632, 633 Humboldt, Alexander von, 21, 62, 312 Aztecs and neighbors, 364-368 sociopolitical organization, 352 Humors, 604-605 Caribs and Arawaks, 351-353 Spanish arms, 467 Hundred Years' War, 284, 549, 554, 638 Chibchas, 357-358 tobacco use, 280 Hunt, William Morris, 323 ethnic and language groups, 347 see also Indian America; specific Hurons, 151, 263 first visual impressions in Europe, peoples Hurricanes, 670, 712, 721, 733-734 337-345 Indies, The, 372-374 Huss, )an, 538 Florida, La, 369-370 Industry, 672 Hussites, 538, 586 Incas and neighbors, 358-360 lnes de Ia Cruz, Juana, 394, 737 Huyghens, Christiaan, 439, 667 Island Caribs, 349-351 lnfantado, Duke of, 738 Hydrographer, 511 Mayas, 360-364 Infante Manuel, 399 Hylacomylus. See Waldseemuller, New England, Roanoke, Virginia, and Influenza, 646 Martin St. lawrence valley, 370-371 lngstad, Anne Stine, 314, 689 northern Mexico, Baja California, lngstad, Helge, 314 and southwestern North America, as contributor, 247-248, 688-690 I 368-369 Iniguez, Angulo, 612, 614 Spanish Main and Central America, Innocent Ill, 303 Iberia. See Portugal; Spain 356-357 Innocent IV, 98, 252 Ibn Rushd, 209, 604 Tafnos, 345-349 Innocent VIII, 297, 374, 456, 538, 543, Ibn Sina, 601, 602, 604 Tupinambas, 353-356 592 Iceland, 175, 247, 314 see also Indians Inquisition, 375-376, 381, 390, 391, Icelandic Annals, 690 Indian Cacique of the Island of Cuba, 393,427, 538, 555, 586, 600-601, Icelandic sagas, 313-315 An, 321 616, 657, 667, 669 lchisi, 370 Indian Ocean, 251, 253, 255 lnstrucciones, 375-376, 669 Iconography, 315-337 Indians, 26 Inter caetera, 424, 445, 678 American painting, 321-325 agriculture, 5 Inter caetera II, 424, 538, 678 early European portraits, 315-321 Cabeza's accounts, 83 In the American Grain, 435 film, 333-336 in Canada, 151 In the Wake of Columbus, 402 numismatics, 325-327 Columbus's attitude toward, 70 Inti, 359 philately, 327-333 diet, 269 Inuits. See Eskimos leyasu, 122 on early maps, 339-340 lnventio fortunata, 677 Iguanas, 268, 270 encomienda, 145, 240-241, 293, 409, Iron, 435, 467, 689 1/autu, 51 411, 462 Iroquois, 5, 150, 151, 153, 370 II milione. See Travels (Polo) encounter with Norse, 314 Irrigation, 4, 5, 8 Imaginary geography. See Geography, first contact with Columbus, 698 Irving, Washington, 21, 37-38, 312, 322, imaginary introduction of disease, 459, 535 402, 434, 745 Imago mundi, 8, 9, 14, 59, 250, 422, 452, justice for, 145 Isabel (princess of Castile), 190, 191, 504, 603, 651, 658, 677 languages, 446 197, 377, 379, 384, 399, 678, 713 Imitation of Christ, 566 las Casas's attitude toward, 411 Isabel (queen of Spain). See Isabel of lmmensi /abores et graves vigilie Pauli life expectancy of, 225 Castile de Puteo Toscanello super as mining labor, 469, 470 lsabela, La, 28, 37, 140, 196, 197, 199, mensura comete, 670 missionary movement, 471-474, 249,261,517, 608-610, 675, 698, Incas, 255-256, 311, 358-360, 551 587-588 708, 709, 710, 718 Cuzco, 219-220 Nueva Cadiz, 610 Isabella, tre caravelle e un cacciabal/e, first rebellion, 524 Oviedo's attitude toward, 529 430

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 771

Isabel Nueva. See Santo Domingo ltzas, 361, 363 396-397,423,425,453, 509,531, Isabel of Castile, 9, 11, 12, 23, 42, 54, ltzcoatl, 364 554, 561, 600, 693, 694 62, 64, 70, 243, 282, 302, 377-385, lx Chel, 362 armillary sphere, 37 394, 395, 398, 423, 425, 496, 554, Columbus's proposal to, 182-184, 616, 637, 639, 643, 646 426 advance into Africa, 382 and gold trade, 96 coins honoring, 326 J Granada war, 15 and Columbus, 189-191, 192-193, mathematical commission, 16, 51, 62 194,195-196,197,198,199,202, Jacob's staff, 510 orders to arrest Columbus, 703 694 Jacques, Christopher, 146 Treaty of Alca~;ovas, 678 commercial ventures of, 192, 201 Jaenen, Cornelius)., as contributor, Treaty of Tordesillas, 11, 15 confessor to, 657-658 99-100,149-153 Joao Ill, 290, 445, 531-532, 685 education, 378 Jaquijahuana, battle of, 552 )6hannesson, )6n, 689 Inquisition, 375-376, 381 jaime I, 13, 61, 389, 584 John. See Joao, for Portuguese last letter to Columbus, 721 Jamaica, 27, 33, 34, 38, 140, 267, 273, monarchs; see juan, for Spanish law reforms of, 555 349, 387-388, 419, 612, 613, 668, monarchs marriage of daughter, 190, 191 676, 726-727, 734 John of Braganza, 563 and medical law, 459 james, Thomas, 521 John of Gaunt, 308, 560 Mendoza's influence over, 463 James I, 154, 549 John of Holywood. See Holywood, prophecies about, 652 james River, 154 John of Reconquista, 190, 381, 585 Jamestown, 154-156, 371 John of Spain, 14 revenue to crown, 556 Janissary Corps, 527 John of Westphalia, 748 royal physician, 115 Japan. See Cipangu Johnson, T., 318, 319 tomb of, 384 )aragua, 25, 199, 533, 534, 535, 718 Jones, Gwyn, 314 Treaty of Alca<;ovas, 678 Jaramillo, Juan de, 446 Jones, W.R., as contributor, 556-558 Isabel of Coimbra, 1 Javier Bellini, Francisco, 79 )6nsson, Finnur, 688 Isabel of Portugal (wife of emperor jeanne of France, 438 Jose, Mestre, 642 Charles V), 116, 135 Jean of Anjou, 500 Journal (of Columbus), 738-742 Isabel of Portugal (mother of Isabel of Jefferson, Thomas, 159, 312 double entries in, 741 Castile), 378 )em, 526 form and content, 739-740 lsati, lope de, 265 Jerez, Rodrigo de, 280, 699 textual questions, 740-742 Isidore of Seville, 123, 233, 385, 658, jerusalem, 652, 653 Journals and Other Documents, 491 748 Jesuits, 122, 148, 151, 369, 545, 593 Journey, The, 303 Isla de Gracia, 296 Jews, 376, 377, 380, 384, 388-394, 492, Jovellanos, Gaspar Melchor de, 419 Island Caribs, 349-351 526, 585, 616, 667 )over. See Gago )over Isle of Pines, 710, 724 in Brazil, 393-394 Joyful/ Newes out of the Newe Worlde, /smae/ Ben Kaizar, ou Ia decouvert du Christian enmity toward, 389 344, 459 Nouveau Monde, 428 conversos, 390-391 Juan (crown prince of Spain), 133, 135, lsma'il I, 526 expulsion from Spain, 382, 391-392 191, 197, 377, 378,381, 384, 397, Isthmus of Panama, 271 in New World, 392-394 398, 450, 454, 528, 713 lstorija Petra-lstorija Pugaceva, 429 persecution of, 389, 637-638 Juan I, 378, 389, 535, 560 Italian literature, 430 in Spain, 388-390 Juan II, 12, 75, 173, 243, 282, 378, 379, Italy Spanish population, 392 397-398,460-461, 538, 646, 682 humanism, 602 jimenez de Cisneros, Francisco, 239, Juana I, 9, 111,116,133,282,378,384, map of, 386 302, 382, 384, 394-395, 399, 409, 398-399, 450, 454, 687, 713, 743 social and economic institutions, 532, 587, 667 Juana de Castilla, 1, 243, 378, 379, 398, 638, 639 jimenez de Quesada, Gonzalo, 357, 678 trade, 673 395-396, 470 Juana Ia loca. See Juana I see a/so Florence; Genoa; Naples; Joachim of Fiore, 23 Juana of Portugal, 243, 378, 398 Rome; Venetian Republic joao, Prince, 177-178 Juarez, Catalina, 211 Iter ad paradisum, 658 Joao I, 53, 177, 308, 560 Judaeus, Prophatius, 573 ltinerarium ad regiones sub Joao II (the Perfect), 1, 11, 54, 97,119, Juderfas, 388, 390, 391 aequinoctiali plaga constitutas, 297 173, 174, 181' 186-187, 188, 190, Juderfas y loyot, Julian, 69 ltzamna, 362 204, 218, 223, 254, 256, 372, 373, Judge, Joseph, 404, 405

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOlUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 772 INDEX

Judgment of Duenas, 418 Kongo people, 96 Landing of Columbus at the Island of Judgment of La Coruna, 418 Koning, Hans, 575 Guanahani, West Indies, 478 judgment of Seville, 416-417 Kosmos, 312 Landing of Columbus on San Salvador, Julian of Ceuta, 491 Krabbe, Johann, 48 The, 322 Julius II, 10, 10-12, 11, 12, 44, 132, 374, Kravath, Fred F., as contributor, 123- landowning, 7 409, 438, 538, 539, 588, 592, 678 127, 228-234 in England, 241, 242 julius Ill, 539 Kremer, Gerhard. See Mercator, European, 4-5 Junta de Salamanca, 657 Gerard us pre-Columbian, 6 Junta dos Mathematicos, 3% Kretchmer, Howard, 478 lane, Ralph, 154 Krleza, Mirolsva, 429 languages, 351-352,358, 368,446,473 Kublai Khan, 118, 252, 303, 557 Arawakan, 351 Kukulcan, 362 Aztec, 365 K Kyoto, 121 of Island Caribs, 350 Kyushu, 121, 122 latin, 164 Kalinas, 352 standardization of Spanish, 377, 568 Ka/ukulis, 353 Tainos, 349 Kamal, 399-400, 510, 513 Lanier, Sidney, 434 Kanuni. See Suleyman the Magnificent L l'Anse-aux-Meadows, 248, 258, 314, Karankawans, 370 689-690 Karinyas, 350 labor, division of, 636-638 La parabola teatrale: Un saggio su/teatro Karlsefni, Thorfinn. See Thordarson, labrador, 86, 688, 689, 690 di Paul Claude/, 428 Thorfinn Karlsefni lacand6ns, 361 La Plata, 552 Karrow, Robert W., Jr., as contributor, La cena delle ceneri, 430 La Rabida (ship), 625 290-291' 464-466, 524-526 La citta del sole, 430 larimore, Christopher C., 407 Kauffman, Christopher j., as La Co/ombona, 429 larreategui y Embrun, Mariano Col6n contributor, 158-160, 160-161 La Columbiade, ou Ia foi porte au de, 419 Kazantzakis, Nikos, 429 Nouveau Monde, 427 las Casas, Bartolome de, 24, 37, 64, 72, 74, Keegan, William F., 405, 407 La Cosa, juan de. See Cosa, juan de Ia 76, 130, 131' 132, 133, 135, 176, 180, as contributor, 532-535 La Espanola. See Espanola, La 181,182,183,192,194,197,208, Keen, Benjamin, as contributor, 63-64, La Fernandina, 698 213, 215, 223, 224, 280, 296, 404, 69-71' 76-77, 408-412 laguna, Asela R., as contributor, 430- 408-412,442, 446,490,494, 523, Keith, Donald H., 31, 35, 38, 544, 620 433 532, 534, 609, 614, 616, 633, 650, Kelley, james E. Jr., 739 La Historia del mondo nuovo, 63 651' 670, 710, 711' 713, 738, 746 Kelsey, Harry, as contributor, 89-90, lamartine, 428 Black legend, 69 500-501 lamb, Ursula, as contributor, 111-112, criticism of encomienda, 349 Kemmelmeyer, Frederick, 321 413-420, 527-528, 597-598 as editor of Columbus's journal Kempis, Thomas a, 566 La meravigliosa avventura di Cristofaro (Diario), 741 Kennebec River, 154 Colombo, 430 liberalism, 70 Kensington Rune Stone, 258, 688 L'Ammiraglio delgi oceani e delle las Casas, Francisco de, 272 Khaldun, Ibn, 512 anime, 430 las Casas, Pedro de, 408 Khashaba. See Kamal La Navidad. See Navidad, La las Navas de Tolosa, battle of, 492 Kilwa, 3 landfall controversy, 401-408, 740 La Scoperta deii'America, 430 King, Margaret l., as contributor, 682- archaeological evidence, 407 last will and testament of Columbus, 685 Bahamas, 407 750-752 Kinship, 368 cartographic evidence, 405-406 amendments, 751-752 Klinger, Friedrich Maximilian von, 428 eighteenth- and nineteenth-century division of estate, 752 Knights of Columbus, 160-161 theories, 401-402 establishment of perpetual trust, Knowledge of the Past Is the Key to the historical perspective on, 408 750-751 Future; Some After Thoughts on latitude question, 406-407 final confirmation, 752 Discovery, 324 physical descriptions, 405 memorandum for son Diego, 751 Kodlunarn Island, 520 twentieth-century debate, 404-407 lateen rig, 515, 543, 617, 618, 638 Kogi, 357 Landing of Columbus, 323 latin language, 164 Kolomb, 429 Landing of Columbus, The, 321 latin manuscripts, 603

VOLUME 1: pp.1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 773 latitude, 126, 204, 229-231, 400, 412- leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 428 libreria Fernandina, 421 413, 436, 438-439, 504, 508, 597, leif Ericsson. See Ericsson, leif Libra de armadas, 515 641 Le Livre de Christophe Colomb, 428 Libros de acuerdos del concejo de degree of, 233 Le maitre de Santiago, 428 Madrid, 442 of landfall island, 406-407 leme, Antonio, 179 Libros de los privilegios. See Book of laudonniere, Rene Goulaine de, 263, Lemos, Gaspar, 88 Privileges 463 Lemos, William, as contributor, 25, 25- Libros del saber de astronomia, 49, 665, La Vega, 616 26, 37-41, 243-247, 461-462, 515- 693 La Virgen y Madre de Dios, 395 516, 516-517, 517-518, 523-524, Life of the Admiral Christopher law, 13, 555 543-544,545-546,546-548,548- Columbus, 650 Aztec, 367 549,581, 598-600, 617-622, 622- life span, 457 Book of Privileges, 73-75 628, 669-670, 693-728 lima, 551 criminal, 152 le Moyne de Morgues, Jacques, 343 limonade Bord-de-Mer. See Borde de maritime, 62 l'Enfant, Pierre, 159 Mer limonade medical, 459 lenox globe, 298 Limpieza de sangre, 384, 392, 736 in Spain, 645 leo X, 457, 539, 592 limpopo River, 288 laws of Burgos, 241 le6n, Juan Ponce de. See Ponce de Lindner, Rudi Paul, as contributor, 526- laws of the Twelve Tables, 296 le6n, juan 527 lawsuits (Pieitos Colombinos), 56, 74, leonardo of Pisa, 49, 507 line of Demarcation, 11, 54, 106, 146, 133, 134, 136, 137, 413-420, 598, leonor of Albuquerque, 12, 397 240, 263, 285, 397, 414, 423-426, 668 leonor of Portugal, 1, 448, 454 437, 443, 445, 504, 524, 539, 678,

anticipation and reality, 414-415 leonor of Viseu, 397 679, 687, 704, 711 I 713 decision at Valladolid, 418 le6n Pinelo, Antonio de, 394 lisboa, Joao de, 216, 399, 642 events and claims, 415-416 leopardi, Giacomo, 430 lisbon, 173-174, 175, 184, 426-427 final arbitration, 418-419 lepanto, battle of, 540, 683 liss, Peggy K., as contributor, 377-385 further litigation, 419 le Paulmier d'Annemours, Chevalier Literary History of Liguria, 287 judgment of Duenas, 418 Charles-Franc;ois Adrien, 159 literature, 427-435 judgment of La Coruna, 418 lepe, Diego de, 146, 418 American, 433-435 judgment of Seville, 416-417 leprosy, 457 European, 427-430 litigation and procedures, 416 Le routier de Ia mer, 596 Hispanic, 430-433 Pleito del Darien, 417-418 Lery, Jean de, 340-341 Italian, 430 Santa Fe Capitulations, 413-414 lesbos, 673 Russian, 429-430 Lazarillo de Lormes, 462 lesser Antilles, 734 see also Travel literature lazarus, Emma, 434 Less than One: Selected Essays, 430 livestock. See Domesticated animals; lead and line, 420, 512, 514 Lettera, 337 specific animals league (measurement), 231 Lettera rarissima, 614, 744 Livro de marinharia, 216 league of Burgos, 282 letters of Columbus, 743-746 Livro de marinharia de Andres Pires, 753 league of San Marco, 10 conveyance and editing of texts, Livro nautico, 515 league of the Common Weal, 284, 437 744-745 li Zu, 400 league of the Public Weal. See league description of autographs, 745-746 loaisa, Garca Jofre de, 240, 263, 418 of the Common Weal see a/so Signature lockhart, james, 550-551 leardo, Giovanni, 101, 658 letter to Soderini, 686, 687 lodestone, 435-436, 507 leary, Colleen A., as contributor, 57, leutze, Emanuel, 322, 324 log and line, 514 93, 97-98, 731-734 le Veneur, jean, 99 lok, Michael, 519 Leeskart, 596 levy, Judah ha-, 388 lokonolanguage,352 leeway angle, 507 Le Welyfare, 559 lollards, 538, 586 Legend of Saint Ursula, The, 600, 618, liao dynasty, 118 Lollis, Cesare de, 161, 423, 739 619 Liber chronicarum, 63 lomonosov, Mikhail Vasilyevich, 429 le Grand, Charles, 317-318, 319 Liber monstrorum, 295 longitude, 125, 290-291, 436-437, Legrand routier et pilotage, 514 Liber Tartarorum, 372 438-439, 511, 513, 641, 666, 687 Le historie della vita e dei fatti library of Columbus, 8, 136, 420-423, lopes de Castanheda, Fernao, 88, 290 dei/'Ammiraglio Don Cristofaro 487-488, 490, 738 lopes de Sequeira, Diogo, 443 Colombo, 136 library of Congress, 489 l6pez de Cirdenas, Garcfa, 210

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 774 INDEX l6pez de G6mera, Francisco, 86, 179, Madeira, 53, 173, 176, 178, 179, 187, Mandarin language, 119 213,550 254,255,286,308,441-442,561, Mandeville, John, 252, 295, 446-447, l6pez de legazpi, Miguel, 265 632 659,677 lopez y Sebastian, lorenzo Eladio, 613, Madison, James, 159 Mangu Khan, 303, 564 614 Madjid, Ahmad Ibn, 562 Manifeste du surrea/isme, 428 Lorenzetti, Ambrosio, 664 Madonna of the Catholic Kings, The, Manioc, 5, 7, 273, 277 loronha, Fernao de, 146 383 Mann, Thomas, 429 los ldolos Island, 204 Madrid, 442, 667 Mantegna, Andrea, 43 Los perros del paraiso, 433 Magalhaes, Fernao de. See Magellan, Manual, Francisco, 203 lotto, lorenzo, 318, 319, 321 Ferdinand Manual of Evora, 509 Loughney, Patrick, as contributor, 333- Magdalena River, 395 Manual of Munich, 509 336 Magdalena Valley, 357 Manuel (infante). See Infante Manuel louis II, 454 Magdalen Islands, 150 Manuel (prince of Portugal), 197, 384, louis XI, 283, 284, 437-438, 455, 638, Magellan, Ferdinand, 48, 54, 87, 107, 713 673 141, 146, 239,256,261,262,277, Manuel I, 15, 37, 87, 88, 89, 91, 119, louis XII, 10, 273, 283, 284, 438 299, 437, 442-445, 447, 562-563, 218, 219, 286, 287, 377, 378, 397, louis XIV, 151, 153 685 443, 445, 447-448,451, 531, 554, louis XV, 152 Magic, 602 562, 678, 687, 721 louis of Orleans, 117 Magnetic compass, 205-206 Manuel I (Byzantine emperor), 573 lovo, 180 Magnetic declination, 206, 407, 465, Manuzio, Aldo, 566 low Countries, 437, 639 505,513 Mappamundi, 101, 448-450, 452, 658, lowell, Russell, 434 Magnetic inclination, 312 672 loxodromes, 465 Magnetic variation, 437, 504, 505, 510, Maps. See Cartography; Globes; T-0 lucan, 512 513 maps. See also Nautical charts lucayos, 60,345,349,405,407,534 Magnetism, terrestrial, 435 Marchena, Antonio de, 189, 305, 651 lucero, Diego Rodriguez, 395 Magnetite. See lodestone Marchena, Fra Giovanni de, 297 lud, Gauthier, 18, 19, 20, 729 Magnetometry, 34, 35 Marchionni, Bartolomeu, 173 lud, Nicolas, 18, 729 Magnus, Albertus, 296 Marco Datini, Francesco, 637 Lujan, Juan de, 709 Maguey, 366 Marcos de Niza, Fray, 83 lull, Ramon, 222, 492, 507 Mahri, Sulayman al-, 400 Marden, luis, 406 luna, Alvaro de, 375 Maima, 612 Margaret of Austria, 197, 378, 384, 397, lunar distance, 436 Maimon, Moses ben, 209, 388 399, 450, 454, 713 lunar phenomena, 438-439, 505, 659 Maimonides. See Maimon, Moses ben Margaret of Burgundy. See Margaret of luna y Arellano, Tristan de, 263, 369 Mainz Psalter, 565 Austria Luque, Fernando de, 551 Maize, 5, 7, 273, 276-277, 358 Margaret of Savoy, 563 luther, Martin, 23, 538, 586, 587, 606 Majakovskij, Vladimir, 429 Margarit, Pedro, 38, 709, 710 lyon, Eugene, 515 Majid, Ahmad ibn, 400 Margarita Philosophica nova, 731 as contributor, 463-464 Malaga, 169, 190, 302 Marginalia, 746-748 Maldive Islands, 443 Marfa (queen of Portugal), 384, 447, Maldonado, Melchior, 705 450-451 Maldonado, Rodrigo, 417-418 Marfa Cristina, 334 M Maldonado de Silva, Francisco, 393 Mariagalante (ship), 704, 708 Malinche, 445-446, 736 Mariagalante Island, 705 Macao, 120, 122 Malipiero, Domenico, 318 Mariana, Juan de, 392 Machiavelli, Niccolo, 499 Malocello, lancellotto, 53 Maria of Portugal, 541 Macrobian zone maps, 294-295 Maltby, WilliamS., as contributor, 304- Marignolli, Giovanni del, 565 Macrobius, 123 305, 540-541 Marin, luis, 224 Mactan Island, 443 Mama-Kilya, 359 Marine compass, 205-206 Madagascar, 219 Mama Ocllo, 312 Mariner's astrolabe, 48-49, 413 Madariaga, Salvador de, 177 Mamluk dynasty, 2-3, 526, 673, 674 Marino, Antonio, 743 Maddison, Francis, as contributor, 36- Mammals, 268, 269, 270, 271 Marino, John A., as contributor, 499- 37, 47-49, 205-207, 215-216, 399- Mancellinus, A., 654 500, 635-640 400, 420, 435-436, 512-515, 573- Manco Capac, 219 Marinus of Tyre, 123, 125, 126, 244, 449, 574, 663-664 Manco Inca, 220 451-452, 569, 671

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 775

Maritime archaeology, 30-36, 620-622 establishment of Spanish authority, Mediterranean Sea, 173, 174, 595, 596, Markland. See labrador 363-364 635, 672 Marques, Diego, 201, 705 post contact culture, 362-364 Meerfahrt mit Quichote, 429 Marranos, 375, 390, 393 religion, 362 Megasthenes, 294 Marriage, 24, 474, 636, 736, 737 sociopolitical system, 361 Mehmed II, 526 Aztec, 366 Mayflower Compact, 157 Melamed, Mair, 392 Island Carib, 350 Mayobanex, 718 Melida, Arturo, 80 Maya, 361 Mayrionex, 711 Memorial architecture. See Monuments Talno, 346 Mazariegos, Diego de, 362-363 and memorials Tupinamba, 354 Mazuelo, Pedro de, 612-613 Mendez, Diego, 273, 461-462, 725-727 Martel, Charles, 491 McCrone, Walter C., 691 Mendicants, 144 Martellus, Henricus, 62, 97, 127, 223, McElroy, john W., 406 Mendieta, Ger6nimo de, 588 298, 449, 452-454, 671 McGivney, Michael j., 160 Mendoza (Chile), 142 Martin, Andreas, 719 McKean, Robert, 559 Mendoza, Antonio de, 17, 64, 210, 462- Martin, Benito, 304 McPartland, Scott, as contributor, 604- 463 Martin, Martin, 512 606 Mendoza, Bernardino de, 462 Martin, Terence, as contributor, 433- Mead, larkin Goldsmith, 476 Mendoza, Diego Hurtado de, 462 435 Measles, 312, 459 Mendoza, hiigo l6pez de, 462 Martin V, 591, 592 Measurements Mendoza, Pedro de, 83, 264, 454 Martinez, Fernan, 203 itinerary units of, 231-234 Mendoza, Pedro Gonzalez de, 188, 375, Martinez de lrala, Domingo, 83, 454 relationship between Greek and 380,382,394,460,463,682 Martfnez-Hidalgo, jose Marfa, 515, 599, Roman, 232 Menendez de Aviles, Pedro, 263, 463- 600 Mechanical clocks, 665-666 464 Martini, Dario G., as contributor, 427- Medea, 652, 749 Menendez Pidal, Ram6n, 69 430 Medel, Alonso, 709 Mercantilism, 292 Martinique, 351 Medici, Averado de', 456 Mercator, Gerardus, 291, 300, 464-466, Martins, Fernao, 180, 182, 670 Medici, Cosimo de' (1389-1464), 456, 510, 518, 525, 569 Martyr, Peter. See Anghiera, Pietro 602 world map of, 520 Martire d' Medici, Cosimo de' (1517-1574), 317, Mercator projection, 466 Martz, linda, as contributor, 394-395, 456 Mercedarian Order, 472, 630 667-668 Medici, Giovanni, 456 Mercedes of Castile; or The Voyage to Marvel, josiah, 406, 407 Medici, Giovanni di Bicci de', 456 Cathay, 431-432 Marx, Chico, 335 Medici, Giuliano de', 456 Mercury, 467, 470 Marx, Robert, 33 Medici, Lorenzo de', 281,456, 686 Merida, 362 Mary I, 541 Medici, Lorenzo Pier Francesco de', 18, Meridians, 436, 504, 505, 510 Mary of Burgundy, 284, 437, 450, 454 686, 687, 729 Messahalla, 50-51, 693 Mary of Spain, 454 Medici, Piero de', 456 Mesta, 236 Mary Tudor, 242, 438 Medici family, 455-457 Mestizos, 142, 148, 349, 535, 539, 580, Masaccio, 43 Medici Map, 559 736-737 Masonry, 681 Medicine and health, 457-460, 602, Meta Incognita, 519 Master frame, 619, 620 604-605 Metal, 466-468 Mas'udi, al-, 569 Chanca (royal physician), 115 American resources, 466-467, 579 Materia medica, 460 humoral theory of, 458 European uses of, 467-468 Mathematics, 16, 51, 62, 164, 601, 604 law, 459 native American adoption of Mato Grosso, 149 plants, 459-460 Spanish, 468 Mauro, Fra, 223, 448, 557, 658, 671 see also Disease and demography; tools and equipment, 467-468 Maximilian I, 284, 384, 397, 399, 437, Hospitals; specific illnesses see also Mining; specific metals 450, 454-455 Medieval exploration, 259-260 Metallurgy, 357 Mayas, 5, 255, 360-364 Medina, Bartolome de, 469 Metalworking, 681 art and architecture, 360, 361-362 Medina, Pedro de, 511 Metius, Adriaan, 542 classic, 360 Medinaceli, Duke of, 53, 188, 195, 460 Mexico, 141, 142, 211, 212, 368, 410, conquest of, 363 Medina del Campo, 682 462, 466 culture at contact, 360-362 Medina Sidonia, Duke of, 83, 460-461, agriculture, 5 economic system, 361 536 conquest of, 224, 472

VOLUME 1: pp.1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 776 INDEX

Mexico, continued Monson, William, 521 Mumemba, Ndoadidiki Ne-Kinu a, 539 discovery of, 559 Monsters, 293-296 Mundus novus, 338, 686, 729 Gulf of, 263, 267, 661, 733 Montagnais Indians, 266 Munich Regiment for the Astrolabe and Mendoza as viceroy, 462 Montaigne, Michel de, 94, 427 Quadrant, 204 Meyer, Michael C., as contributor, 457- Montecorvino, Giovanni da, 252, 565 Munoz, Fernan, 72 460 Montego Bay, 387 Muqaddima, 512 Michael, Johannes, 754 Montejo, Francisco de, 33, 362, 474 Murra, John V., as contributor, 358-360 Michelangelo, 42, 44, 45-46, 592 Montesino, Antonio, 409, 469 Muscovy Company, 91, 153 Micmacs, 151, 371 Montesinos, Ambrosio, 431 Museo del Ejercito (Madrid), 488 Middelburg fortress, 464 Montezuma. See Motecuhzoma II Museo Naval (Madrid), 488 Miller, Joaquin, 434 Montoya, Garcia de, 418 Museums and archives, 486-491 Millon de Mobtherlant, Henri-Marie- Montral, 151 collections of Columbus Joseph, 428 Monts, Pierre de, 150, 151 memorabilia, 487-490 Minas Gerais, 149 Monuments and memorials, 475-485 overview of documentary sources, Minaya, Bernardino de, 539 in Central and South America, the 490-491 Mineral resources, 468-471 West Indies, and Mexico, 481-484 see also Bibliography gemstones, 470-471 in Europe, 484-485 Muslims, 373, 604, 617, 637-638, 657 gold, 468-469 in United States, 475-481 slavery, 630-631, 632 silver, 469-470 Moore, George H., 158 in Spain, 377, 380, 381, 384, Ming dynasty, 118-119, 253 Moors, 11, 15, 41, 71,296, 305, 308, 491-494, 584-585 Mining, 37, 466, 468-470, 534, 634, 673 491-494, 543, 554, 560, 657 Musse Melly, 254 Minnich, Nelson H., as contributor, Morales, Alonso de, 721, 727 Muwashshah, 492 374, 537-540, 592-593 Moran, Thomas, 323 Myrrh, 650 Miralles, Alberto, 432 More, Richard, 157 Myth of Columbus, 494-497 Mirandola, Pico della, 566, 605 More, Thomas, 637 Mythology. See Religion Missionary movement, 471-474, 587- Morelli, Bartolomeo, 744 588 Moreno, Pedro, 272 Mississippian period, 369 Moriscos, 376, 384, 390,492,493, 541, Mississippi River, 263 617 N Mitsuhide, Akechi, 121 Morison, Samuel Eliot, 33, 37, 81, 85, Mixteca-Puebla, 361-362 175, 178, 180, 336, 404-405, 406, Naborias, 346 Mixtec language, 365, 366 491, 598, 608, 698, 715 Nachman, Moses ben, 389 Mixton rebellion, 462 Mosquera, Juan de, 137, 669 Nader, Helen, as contributor, 64-65, Moche culture, 227 Mosquera, Marfa de, 137, 669 73-75,77-81,163-167,167-174, Mocozo, 370 Motecuhzoma I, 364, 485 187-198, 198-204, 222-223, 282, Molander, Arne B., 406 Motecuhzoma II, 110, 211, 216, 259, 282-283, 301-302,460,460-461, Molasses Reef wreck, 31-32, 38, 40, 365,446,469,485-486 463, 535-536, 583-584, 643-648, 515, 544, 621, 622 Motion pictures. See Film 737-738, 750-752 Moluccas, 443, 445, 679, 685 Motzo, R.B., 595 Nagasaki, 122 Molyart, Miguel, 191 Moustique, Bay of. See Port Nagid, Samuel ha-, 388 Molyneux, Emery, 300-301, 520 Conception Naguatex, 370 Mona Passage, 670 Movies. See Film Nahuatl language, 364, 365, 473 Monarchy, 243, 555 Moxica, Adrian de, 718, 719 Naming of America. See America, Monardes, Nicolas, 344 Moya Pons, Frank, as contributor, 72- naming of Monasteries, 472 73, 615-616, 674-676 Nancy, battle of, 284, 437 Mondragon, 531 Muhammad I, 13 Nao, 619, 620, 623 Mongols, 98, 118, 119, 304, 557 Muhammad I ai-Ghalib, 492 Naples, 169, 284, 499-500, 673 Moniz, Egas, 176 Muhammad II, 549 Napoleonic Wars, 80 Moniz, Gil Ayres, 176 Muhammad XI. See Boabdil Napo River, 524 Moniz, Isabel, 178,441, 540 Mulattoes, 737 Narrative and Critical History of Moniz, Violante (Briolanja), 178, 191 Muller, F. von, 478 America, 404 Moniz family, 176-177 Muller, Johann. See Regiomontanus Narvaez, Panfilo de, 17, 83, 89, 211, 262, Monroy, Fernando de, 201 Multedo, ludovico, 170 500-501

VOlUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOlUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 777

Nasca culture, 227 New Passage to Cathaia, A, 91 early English colonies and Nasrid dynasty, 492 Newport, Christopher, 154, 155 explorations, 154-158 Native American Church, 279 New Seville. See Sevilla Ia Nueva see also specific colonies and Native Americans. See Indians; specific New Spain. See Mexico settlements peoples New Theories of the Planets, 601, 603 North Magnetic Pole, 465 Natural History (Pliny), 294 Newton, Isaac, 438 North Star, 204, 229, 230, 245, 406, 412, Natural History of Carolina, 402 Nezahualcoyotl, 364, 365 508, 512 Nautical archaeology, 30 Nezahualpilli, 365 Northwest Passage, 55, 90, 91, 153, 157- Nautical charts, 221, 501-505, 512, 514, Nicaragua, 56, 272, 327 158, 518-522 542, 729 Nicholas IV, 692 North-West Passage Company, 157 Nautical instruments, 215, 512-515 Nicholas V, 539, 592, 704 Novara, battle of, 438 see also specific instruments Nicholas of Cusa, 297, 550, 601, 670 Novinsky, Anita Waingort, as Navajos, 368 Nicholas of Lynn, 593, 677 contributor, 426-427 Navidad, La, 25, 27-28, 34, 37, 194, 195, Nicholas of Lyra, Saint, 297, 748 Novo cristaos. See Conversos 196, 248, 532-533, 606-608, 702, Nicholson, H.B., as contributor, 364- Nowell, Charles E., 183 708 368, 485-486 Nueva Cadiz, 27, 610-611 Navigatio, 75-76 Nicolas, Gaspar, 641 excavations at, 28, 611 Navigatio in Novum Mundum, 73, 95 Nico/asa, La (ship), 33 Nueva lsabela, 249 Navigation, 49, 50, 164, 181,291, 505- Nicolaus, Donnus, 569 Numismatics, 325-327 515, 542, 753 Nicolini, Donato, 687 Nunes, Pedro, 51, 208, 426, 437, 510, altura, 16, 508, 542 Nicotine. See Tobacco 511,514, 640 art, practice, and theory, 505-512 Nicuesa, Diego de, 60, 61 Nunez, Eleonora, 24 celestial, 62, 246, 512 Nidaros. See Trondheim Nunez, Luc!a, 209 of Columbus, 204-205 Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 429 Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar. See importance of Mercator to, 465 Nina (ship), 25, 38, 184, 185-186, 193, Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Nunez instruments of, 215, 512-515 515-516, 543, 546, 548, 619, 623, Nunez de Balboa, Vasco. See Balboa, lead and line, 420 624, 625, 695, 699, 703, 704, 708, Vasco Nunez de sailing directions, 595-597 709, 710, 712, 713 Nunez de Vela, Blasco, 552 solar phenomena, 640-641 Ninan Cuyuchi, 311, 312 Nunez Vela, Blanco, 462 Southern Cross, 642-643 Nino, Francisco, 704, 709 Nuns, 737 timetelling's importance to, 666 Nino, Juan, 515, 516-517, 694, 704 Nuova Raccolta Colombiana. See see also Compass; Dead reckoning Nino, Pedro Alonso. See Nino, Raccolta Colombiana Navigationi et viaggi, 150, 642 Peralonso Nebrija, Antonio de, 377, 383, 647 Nino, Peralonso, 261, 418, 517-518, Neckham, Alexander, 205, 506-507 548, 610, 719 Negri, Giovanni Maria, 208 Nitafnos, 346 0 Negri, Niccola, 208 Nixon, C.E., 334 Negro, Gian Antonio, 170, 171 Niza, Marcos de, 210, 472 Obenga, Theophile, 576 Negro, Paoli, 163, 170, 171, 173, 175, Noachid maps. See T-0 maps Ober, Frederick A., 402 176, 286, 441 Nobunaga, Oda, 121 Obregon, Mauricio, 405, 698 Nemquethaba. See Bochica Noche Triste, 17, 211, 446 Ocale, 370 Neoplatonism, 605 Nocturnal, 245, 666 O'Callaghan, Joseph F., as contributor, Neri, Saint Filippo, 593 Noli, Antonio, 0, 90, 596 12-14,71,311,423-426,442,554- Neruda, Pablo, 432 Nombre de Dios, 144 556, 584-585, 678, 678-679 Netherlands, 540 Noort, Oliver de, 264 Ocute, 370 Neuwes Astrolabium, 48 Noronha, Martim de, 186 Oddino, Bartolomeo, 163 New Andalusia, 524 Noronha, Pedro de, 177, 178 Ode to Columbus and Columbia, 159 Newfoundland, 84, 85, 91, 154, 157, Norse civilization Oderigo, Lorenzo, 488 689 artifacts, 688 Oderigo, Nicolo, 161,488, 743 New France, 150, 152-153 exploration and settlement, 257-258 Odiel River, 695 New Granada, 395-3% longship, 688 Odoric of Pordenone, 372, 564, 565 New Laws, 64, 241, 363,411,462 North America Oertel, Abraham. See Ortelius, New Mexico, 142 Cabot's discovery, 85 Abraham

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 778 INDEX

Oikumene, 658 Oviedo, Gonzalo Fernandez de, 24, 55, Parmentier, Jean, 149 Ojeda, Alonso de, 60, 146, 213, 214- 64, 70, 74, 129, 176, 179, 208, 214, Parmentier, Raoul, 149 215, 261' 418, 460, 523-524, 548, 280, 342, 401, 528-529, 565 Pasamonte, Isabel de, 56 551' 610, 626, 687, 704, 708, 709, Ozama River, 670, 712, 718 Pasamonte, Miguel de, 56, 134 710, 711' 719 Ozita, 370 Pascal, Blaise, 427 Olid, Crist6bal de, 272, 363 Pascarella, Cesare, 430 Olivella gate, 129, 162, 165 Passamaquoddies, 371 Olm, Ferdinand van, 181 Passion plays, 473 Olmeda, Bartolome de, 472 Pasteurella pestis. See Black Death Onate, Crist6bal de, 17 p Patio amalgamation process, 467, 469 On Paradise, 658 Patriotism, 555 On the Babylonian Captivity of the Pacaha, 370 Paul Ill, 93, 537, 538, 539, 592 Church, 588 Pachacuti Inca, 219 Paul IV, 376 On the Freedom of the Christian Man, Pacheco, Alonso Tellez, 135 Paulding, james Kirke, 434 588 Pacheco, Francisca, 462 Pavia, battle of, 284, 639 Opechancanough, 156 Pacheco, Joao, 531 Pax Mongolica, 251, 252 Op6n River, 395 Pacheco, juan, 243,398 Pazzi conspiracy, 456 Opus epistolarum, 22 Pacheco Pereira, Duarte, 146, 223, 506, Peace of Cateau-Cambresis, 284 Opus maius, 23, 59, 250, 303, 652, 748 511, 531-532 Peace of lodi, 281 Or Adonai, 389 Pacher, Michael, 42 Pearls, 27, 410, 517, 523, 610, 715 Orbis typis juxta hydrographorum Pacification, conquest, and genocide, Pearsall, Deborah M., as contributor, traditionem, 730 532-535 273-278 Ordenanzas reales de Castilla, 556 Pacific Ocean, 107, 141, 698 Peas, 275 Order of Alcantara, 527 discovery of, 61 Pedrarias. See Avila, Pedro Arias de Order of Christ, 308 Pacioli, luca, 601, 603 Pedro I, 389, 538, 560 Order of Santiago, 419 Padilla, Paul, as contributor, 14 Pegolotti, Francesco Balducci, 252 Ordnance. See Arms, armor, and Padre Island, 30 Pelayo of Asturias, 584 armament Padron, Francisco Morales, 423 Pelerin, Pierre le. See Peregrinus de Orellana, Francisco de, 524 Padron Real, 511 Maricourt, Petrus Orellana, Sandra L., as contributor, Paine, John Knowles, 160 Pellegrino, Giovanni, 130, 165, 170 360-364 Paine, Thomas, 159 Pelia, juan de Ia, 417 Oresme, Nicole d', 373 Painting. See Iconography; specific Pelialosa, juan de, 193, 694 Orinoco River, 659 artists Pendulum regulator, 666 Orozco, Francisco de, 89 Paiva, Afonso de, 372-373, 562 Pepper, 650 Orozco, Marfa de, 137, 668 Pakuda, Bahya ben Joseph ibn, 388 Pera, 673 Orta, Garcia d', 426, 649 Palazzo Municipale (Genoa), 488 Peraza, Hernan de, 71 Ortelius, Abraham, 466, 518, 524-526 Palencia, Fernando, 173 Percy, George, 155 Orthodoxae fidei, 374 Paleodemography, 226 Peregrination, 544-545 Ortiz, Diogo, 753 Paleopathology, 226-227 Peregrinus de Maricourt, Petrus, 205 Ortiz, Fernando, 591 Palestrelli, Filippone, 177 Pereira, Isabel, 531 Ortiz, Thomas, 472 Pallastrelli, Filippo, 540 Peres, luis, 87 Ortiz de Vilhegas, Diogo, 87, 287 Palombini, Guiseppe, 483 Peres de Andrade, Fernao, 119 Osman, 526 Palos de Ia Frontera, 194, 198, 535-536, Peres de Andrade, Simao, 119 Otomi language, 365 546, 694 Perestrelo, Bartolomeu, 177-178,441, Otto of Freising, 564 Panama, 27, 35, 55, 61, 469, 551 540, 559 Ottoman Empire, 169, 256, 284, 373, Panama City, 140, 141 Perestrelo, Branca, 177 374,526-527,540,554 Pane, Ram6n, 278, 346, 536-537, 589 Perestrelo, Isabel, 177 Oughtred, William, 36 Pantagrue/, 427 Perestrelo family, 177, 178 Ovando, Diego de, 527 Papacy, 537-540,586,587,591 Perestrelo y Moniz, Felipa, 78, 133, 162, Ovando, Juan de, 541 Papal States, 537, 591 173, 176-178, 286, 426, 441' 540, Ovando, Nicolas de, 73, 199, 201, 240, Paracelsus, 605 559 249, 392, 408, 416, 462, 517, 527- Paraguay, 454 Perez, Alonso, 714 528, 532, 534, 551, 615, 626, 670, Pardo, Juan, 263, 369 Perez, Alvaro, 203 720, 721, 726, 727, 743 Paria, Gulf of, 549, 659, 712, 715 Perez, Hernan, 713, 714

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 779

Perez, juan, 191,192,193,536,583,651 "Pictures of Columbus, the Genoese" Plane charts, 501, 504 Perez, Martfn, 454 (Frenau), 433 Planisphaerium, 47 Perez de Guzman, Alvar, 535 Pieta, 46 Planispheric astrolabe, 48 Perez de luna, Fernando, 624 Pigafetta, Antonio, 240, 444 Planking, 617, 618 Perez de Oliva, Hernan, 490 Pigs, 236 Plantain. See Banana Perez de Quesada, Hernan, 357 Pilgrims, 156-157, 158 Plants. See Flora Perez Montas, Eugenio, as contributor, Pilot books, 506, 542 Planudes, Maximus, 569 616 Piloting, 542 Plastic surgery, 602 Perez Nino, Crist6bal, 704, 709 Pi/6to-mayor, 513 Platen, August, 429 Perez Roldan, Alonso, 709 Pina, Rui de, 182, 186, 423 Plateresque, 43 Perfumes, 650 Pinelli, Francesco, 292, 543 Plato, 259, 602, 604, 605 Perip/us of the Erythraean Sea, 648 Pinelo, Bernardo, 200 Platonic Academy, 602 Perna, Petrus, 316 Pinheiro Marques, Alfredo, as Plautius, Caspar, 76, 95 Pernambuco, 147, 148 contributor, 96-97, 146-149, 452- Pleito del Darien, 417-418 Perry, Mary Elizabeth, as contributor, 454, 553-554 Pleitos Colombinos. See lawsuits 616-617 Pinta (ship), 31, 184, 193, 515, 543-544, Plinean races. See Monsters Perry, Matthew C., 122 546,581, 619, 621, 623, 694, 695, Pliny the Elder, 14, 123, 294, 648 Persico, Luigi, 478 698 Plows, 4, 7, 8 Persig, Robert, 575-576 Pinto, Bento Teixeira, 394 Plymouth Company, 154 Pertussis, 459 Pinto, Fernao Mendes, 120, 545-545 Plymouth Harbor, 156-157 Peru, 17, 64, 141, 410, 462, 466, 524, 551 Pinturicchio, Bernardino, 44 Pocahontas, 156 agriculture, 5 Pinz6n, Arias Perez, 546 Poetae /aureati geographia fiber unus, conquest of, 472, 552 Pinz6n, Francisco Martfn, 545-546, 694 300 Mendoza as viceroy, 462-463 Pinz6n, Martfn Alonso, 374, 418, 543, Poetry, 158-159 mining in, 469 545, 546-548, 581, 694, 695, 699, Polaris. See North Star Perugino, Pietro, 44 702, 703 Polaris clock, 245 Pessagno, Manuel, 508, 560 Pinz6n, Vicente Yanez, 146, 186, 224, Polar map, 522 Peten, 361 261, 418, 544, 546, 548-549, 581, Polckij, Simeon, 429 Peter of Alexandria, 216 621, 626, 694, 699, 719 Polimetrum, 730 Peter of Ghent, 473 Pinz6n family, 193 Political institutions, 554-556 Peter Martyr. See Anghiera, Pietro Piombo, Sebastiana del, 315-316, 318 Pollaiuolo, Antonio, 43, 44 Martire d' Pipino, Francesco, 557 Polo, Maffeo, 252, 303, 556 Petrarch, 500 Piracy, 171, 173, 675, 686 Polo, Marco, 14, 117, 120, 125, 126, 127, Peuerbach, Georg von, 601 Pires, Andre, 399, 511 175,182,187,244,252,303,449, Peyote, 279 Pires, Tome, 119, 120, 640 556-558, 564, 670 Piolspeundt, Heinrich von, 602 Pisuerga River, 682 Polo, Niccolo, 252, 303, 556 Philately, 327-333 Pius II, 14, 175, 251, 422, 549-550, 591, Polyglot Bible. See Complutensian Philip I, 116, 133, 282, 384, 395, 397, 677 Polyglot Bible 399, 437, 454, 713, 743 Pius Ill, 12 Polygyny, 354, 366 Philip II, 42, 116, 242, 284, 358, 378, 385, Pius IV, 592-593 Polzer, Charles W., as contributor, 490- 411, 442, 463, 464, 540-541' 563, Pius V, 411, 593 491 617 Pivot, 205 Poma de Ayala, Guaman (Guaman Philip Ill, 492, 541 Pizarro, Francisca, 552 Porno), 358, 591 Philip the Handsome. See Philip I Pizarro, Francisco, 17, 52, 56, 116, 220, Pombo, Rafael, 432 Philippa of lancaster, 308, 560 236, 312, 358, 472, 550-552 Ponce, Hernando, 272 Philippines, 265, 277, 679 Pizarro, Gonzalo (1512-1548), 220, 469, Ponce de Le6n, Juan, 140, 141, 262, 272, Philip of Savoy, 450 524, 552 304, 401' 558-559, 565, 570, 705 Phillips, Carla Rahn, as contributor, 52- Pizarro, Gonzalo (father), 550 Ponce de Le6n, Rodrigo, 558 55, 315-321, 494-497 Pizarro, Hernando, 143, 220, 552 Popol Vuh, 362 Phillips, William D., as contributor, 209, Pizarro, Isabel, 553 Population, 636 249-257 Pizarro, juan, 551, 552-553 Porras, Diego de, 721, 727 Philology, humanist, 586 Pizzigano, Zuane, 105, 260, 503, 553 Porras, Francisco de, 132, 721, 727 Phoenicia, 617 Pizzigano chart, 105, 106, 553 Porras, juan de, 752 Piccolomini, Enea Silvio. See Pius II Plague. See Black Death Port Conception, 699

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 780 INDEX

Portinari altarpiece, 42 Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, 285 Quadrans vetustissimus, 573 Porto, Girolamo del, 129, 162 Prester john, 254, 561-562, 564-565, Quadrant, 16, 49, 230, 246, 508, 510, Portolan charts, 20, 103, 105, 250, 448, 658, 659 513, 514, 573-574 501, 504, 506, 595-596 Primogeniture, 51 Quarantine, 458 Porto Pisano, 173 Prince, The, 499 Quarto, 129, 166 Porto Santo, 177, 178, 187, 308, 441, Prince Henry the Navigator. See Henry Quatri partitu en cosmografia practica, y 559, 561 the Navigator por otro nombre espejo de Porto Seguro, 88 Prinsep, james, 400 navegantes, 597 Portoviejo, 524 Printing, 299, 511, 565-569, 605, 638, Quebec, 151, 152, 153 Portraits, 315-321 672, 681, 729 Quechua language, 359, 473 Port Royal, 150 impact on science, 603, 605 Quejo, Pedro de, 56, 141 Port Royal Sound, 56 Privileges, Book of. See Book of Quesada, Gaspar de, 239 Portugal, 3, 52-55, 451, 560-564 Privileges Quetzalcoatl. See Topiltzin Afonso V, 1, 15, 286, 296, 298, 308 Proceedings of the Vinland Map Quetzal coati China, 119 Conference, The, 691 Quiche Mayas, 362 colonies of, 57 Professionals, 636, 637 Quigualtam, 370 colonization of Brazil, 146-149 Prophecies, 652 Quiguate, 370 Columbus in, 175-187 Prophecies, Book of. See Book of Quincentenary, 574-581 decline of empire, 563 Prophecies American Indian perspectives, 577- exploration of Africa, 254, 561 Protestantism, 376, 537, 538, 586, 616 578 exploration of Japan, 120-121 Protestant Reformation, 311, 606 Caribbean perspectives, 574-577 Henry the Navigator, 308-309 Protomedicato, 459 Hispanic perspectives, 579-581 invasion of, 541 Provins, Guyot de, 205 Quinn, David B., 175 Joao II, 1, 11, 15, 16, 37, 51, 53, 62, Provost, Foster, as contributor, 65-69 as contributor, 75-76, 84-86, 86-87, 223, 396-397 Psalter world map, 658 153-158 Juana I, 298-299 Pseudo-Methodius, 652, 748, 749 Quintanilla, Alfonso de, 189, 460 knowledge of western islands, 178- Ptolemy, 18, 19, 36, 47, 101, 103, 105, Quintero, Crist6bal, 545 182 110,123,125,178,231,233,244, Quintero de Algruta, juan, 581

line of Demarcation, 423-426 249, 250, 297, 383, 412, 436, 451 I Quinto, 130, 165, 167 Manuel I, 447-448 569-570, 601, 603, 604, 671, 676, Quipana, 370 route books, 596-597 729 Quipu decimal system, 359, 360 slavery, 631, 634 Pueblos, 368 Quito, 51, 312, 552 social and economic institutions, 639 Puerto, Catalina del, 239 Quivira, 210 trade, 52, 121-122, 254, 309, 373 Puerto de Santa Marfa, 188, 195, 460, treatment of jews, 393-394 523 Treaty of Alca~ovas, 678 Puerto Gordo, 725 Treaty of Tordesillas, 678-679 Puerto Rico, 80, 140, 267, 346, 349, 469, union with Spain, 563 558, 570-571 1 676 R westward voyages, 180-182 Punta dos Frades, 185 see a/so specific colonies, explorers, Purple Islands. See Madeira Rabelais, Franois, 427 monarchs, and settlements Pushkin, Aleksandr, 429 Rabida, La, 191, 192, 583-584. See also Portugal, jorge de, 668 Pygmies, 296 Santa Marfa de Ia Rabida Posidonius, 123 Pyrites, 91 Rabida, La (ship), 713 Posse, Abel, 433 Pytheas of Massilia, 257, 412, 451 Raccolta Colombiana, 65-66, 739, 744 Postils. See Marginalia Rahman I, Abd ar-, 492 Potato, 5, 7, 273, 277 Rahman Ill an-Nasir, Abd ar-, 492 Potomac River, 155 Rahua Ocllo, 311 Potosi, 469 Q Raleigh, Walter, 55, 154, 264 Pottery, 29, 357, 362 Ramiro II, 442 Powell, William Henry, 322, 329 Qhapaq Nan, 360 Ranching. See Domesticated animals Power, Robert, 406 Qian xing ban, 400 Randles, W.G.L., 671 Powhatan, 154, 155, 156, 371 Quadrans novus, 573 Rank, Arthur j., 334 Praecelsae devotionis, 445 Quadrans vetus, 573 Raphael, 44, 592

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 781

Raposo Tavares, Ant6nio, 149 Rerum ltalicarum scriptores, 287 Roman Catholic Church, 144, 158, 160, Rationalism, 457 Resen, Hans Paulsen, 689 161,471, 537, 538,586, 591 Rations. See Equipment, clothing, and Resende, Garcia de, 182, 186 papacy, 537-540, 586, 587, 591 rations Retablos, 43 priesthood, 471 Rats, 457 Rete, 47 propagation of, 538 Ravenna, battle of, 83 Return of Columbus in Chains to Cadiz, Roman Inquisition, 684 Raynaud-Nguyen, Isabelle, as The, 322 Roman mile, 231-234 contributor, 448-450, 501-505, Reuchlin, Johannes, 605 Rome, 537, 591-593 595-597 Revelli, Salvatore, 483 Rosa, Constanza, 133 Razi, 602 Rhetorica christiana, 588 Roselli, Petrus, 103, 104-105 Real Academia de Ia Historia (Madrid), Rhumb lines, 501, 507, 510, 512 Roselly de lorgues, Count, 428 488 Riario, Raffaello, 592 Rosselli, Cosimo, 44 Recollet order, 151 Ribault, jean, 57, 263, 463 Rosselli, Francesco, 449, 452 Reconquista, 5, 272, 374, 381, 471, 491, Ribeiro, Diego, 2, 48, 108, 511 Rostworowski, Marfa, 359 492, 537, 584-585, 587, 600, 681 Riberol, Francisco de, 201, 202 Roteiro das i/has e da Guine, 596 Red Bay wreck, 31 Ricci, Matteo, 118 Rotz, Jean, 339 Red Sea, 101, 672 Rice, 277 Rouse, Irving, 345 Reformation. See Protestant Richard of Cornwall, 12 Rousseau, jean-Jacques, 428 Reformation Richardson, Philip l., 406 Route books. See Sailing directions Regiment of the North Star, 412, 508 as contributor, 659-663 Routier, 5% Regimento de navigacion, 510 Richelieu, Cardinal, 151 Rovere, Giuliana della. See julius II Regimento do astrolabio e do Richey, M.W., as contributor, 16-17, Rubber, 348 quadrante, 509 49-51' 204-205, 221-222, 412- Rubi, Micer, 665 Regiment of the Sun, 413 413, 505-512, 542-543 Rubies, 470 Regiomontanus, 62, 216, 436, 601, 603 Riddle, John M., as contributor, 648- Ruddock, Alwyn, 85 Reinel, Pedro, 147, 452, 510 650 Ruiz, Teofilo F., as contributor, 115- Reisch, Gregor, 731 Ring dial, 36 116, 281-282, 657-658 Reiter's syndrome, 202 Ringmann, Mathias, 18-19, 20, 208, 569, Ruiz de Castaneda, Francisco, 71 Reitz, Elizabeth)., as contributor, 267- 729, 730 Rulau, Russell, as contributor, 325-327 271 Rio de Janeiro, 148 Rule of leagues, 222 Rej6n, Juan, 71 Rio de Ia Plata, 84, 87 Rum Cay, 405, 406 Relaci6n acerca de las antigiiedades, Rfo de Mares, 698 Rumeu de Armas, Antonio, 583 536 Rfos, Pedro de los, 551 Runa Simi, 359 Religion, 585-591 River of Gold, 180 Russian literature, 429-430 Amerindian perspectives, 588-591 Roads, 358 Russo, Gaetano, 479 civil, 159, 160 Roanoke Island, 154, 264, 371 Rustichello of Pisa, 252, 303, 557 European traditions, 585-588 Roberts, T.M., 575 Rutters, 595, 597 Inca, 359-360 Roberval, Jean-Fran~ois de Ia Rocque Ruysbroeck, Willem van, 252, 303, 564 in New France, 153 de,92, 100,150,263 Ruysch, Johan, 106-107, 108, 569, 593- Tupinambas, 355 Rock of Sintra, 185, 703 594 in Venice, 684 Roda das alturas do norte, 513 see also Missionary movement; Roderick, 491 specific religions; Spirituality of Rodrigues, Francisco, 640 Columbus Rodriguez Cabrillo, Juan. See Cabrillo, s Renaissance art, 41, 43-45 Juan Rodriguez Rene II, 729 Rogers, Randolph, 478 Sa, Mem de, 148 Rene of Anjou, 168, 173, 437, 500 Rogers Doors, 189, 194, 199, 203, 476, Sable Island, 150 Renteria, Pedro de Ia, 614 477 Sack of Rome, 592 Repartimientos, 72, 417, 528, 533, 534, Rojas, Marfa de, 668 Sacrobosco. See Holywood, John of 718, 737 Roldan, Francisco, 26, 72, 73, 199, 533, Safavid Empire, 256, 526 Report6rio dos tempos, 573 718, 721' 743 Safford, William A., 278 Requelme, Pedro, 718 Rolfe, john, 156 Sagadahoc River. See Kennebec River Requerimiento, 472, 529 Rollero, Antonio, 169 Saga of Eric the Red, The, 247, 688, 689

VOLUME 1: pp.1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 782 INDEX

Saga of the Greenlanders, The, 247, San Juan (Puerto Rico), 571 Santo Antonio (ship), 444 688,689 San juan (ship), 31, 38, 621, 623-624, Santo Domingo, 17, 78, 133-134, 140, Sagua Ia Grande River, 404 708, 709 200,201,297,517,610,615-616, Sahagun, Bernardino de, 343, 394, 590 San juan Bautista. See Puerto Rico 668, 670, 676, 715, 718, 721 Sahara desert, 253 San Juan de Ia Frontera, 551 audiencia of, 56, 134 Sahure, 649 San Martfn, Andres de, 437 Book of Privileges, 73 Sailing San Miguel (Peru), 551 Col6n's rule, 134, 135 altura, 16-17,222 Sannazaro, jacopo, 500 founding of, 29, 132, 249, 712 directions, 512, 595-597 San Pablo Monastery, 421 Ovando's rule of, 527-528 Sails, 617, 618 San Pelayo (ship), 463 Santos Chocano, Jose, 432 St. Ann's Bay, 33, 34, 387, 709, 726 San Salvador (ship), 90 Santo Tomas, 28, 708, 709, 710 St. Augustine, 142, 263, 463 San Salvador Island, 27, 321, 401, 407, Sao Gabriel (ship), 288 St. Brendan. See Brendan, Saint 547,589,693,698,740 Sao Jorge de Mina, 174, 182, 531, 561 St. Brendan's Isle, 76, 255 San Sebastian, 60 Sao Jose do Rio Negro, 149 St. Christopher, 351 San Secondo, Rosso, 0, 430 Saona,218 Sainte-Croix, 150 Sansovino, Andrea, 45 Sao Paulo, 148 St. Helena, 288 Santa Clara. See Nina (ship) Sao Rafael (ship), 288 St. lawrence, Gulf of, 91, 99, 659 Santa Clara de Coimbra, 678 Sao Tiago Island, 596 St. lawrence River, 91-92, 99, 100, 150 Santa Cruz. See India (ship) Sao Tome, 632 Sainte-Maure, Benoit de, 295 Santa Elena, 142, 464 Sao Vincente, 146, 147, 148 Saint-Mery, Moreau de, 35 Santa Fe, 449 Saracens, 296 Saint-Quentin, battle of, 540 Santa Fe, jer6nimo de, 389 Sargasso Sea, 180 Saladin, 3 Santa Fe Capitulations, 72, 75, 134, 136, Savage, Edward, 321 Salamanca, 449, 753 183, 193, 194, 200, 413-414, 583, Savona, 166-167, 168, 171 Salazar, Pedrode, 262 597-598, 668, 678, 743 Savonarola, Girolamo, 10, 456 Salcedo, Diego de, 727 Santa Fe de Bogota, 396 Sborgi, Franco, 485 Salcedo, Pedro, 743 Santa Fe de Granada, 598 Scabies, 457 Salinas, battle of, 552 Santa Fe (New Mexico), 264 Scena iz Fausta, 429 Salt, 357 Santa Gloria, 132 Schedel, Hartmann, 63 Salvago, Cristofaro, 171 Santa Maria (Azores), 184-185 Schiller, Friedrich von, 429 Salvale6n de Higuey, 558 Santa Maria (ship), 25, 37, 160, 193, 213, Schaffer, Peter, 565 Salviati, Giovanni, 108 248, 334, 406, 515, 517, 532, 543, Scholastics, 604, 605, 606 Salviati map, 108, 109 547, 548, 598-600, 618, 619, 620, Schoner, johann, 298-299 Samana Cay, 404, 405, 406, 698 693, 694, 695, 699 Schwaller, John F., as contributor, 60- Samba, Isabel, 133 crew of first voyage, 622-623 61,471-474 Sanabrfa, Diego de, 454 grounding of, 27, 34-35, 194, 606, Science, 601-606 San Benito, 682 659, 699, 702 in Age of Discovery, 604-606 Sanchez, Gabriel, 18, 391, 744 Santa Marfa de Belen, 725 impact of printing, 603, 605 Sanchez, Rodrigo, 547, 698 Santa Marfa de Guadalupe, 705 in late fifteenth century, 601-603 Sanchez-Aibornoz, Claudio, 491 Santa Marfa de Gufa (ship), 625, 713 translations of classical works, 602- Sanchez-Aibornoz, Nicolas, as Santa Marfa de Ia Concepci6n, 751 603 contributor, 579-581 Santa Marfa de Ia Consolaci6n, 548, 698 Sculpture, 42 Sanchez de Carvajal, Alonso, 130, 200- Santa Marfa de La Rabida, 191, 421, 536, see also Monuments and memorials 201' 704, 709, 713, 718, 720, 751 583,584 Sea astrolabe. See Mariner's astrolabe Sanchez de Ia Tesorerfa, juan, 201 Santa Maria de Ia Victoria (ship), 240 Sea-Beggars, 464 Sanchez de Ortega, Beatrfz, 90 Santa Marta, 395 Sea chests, 171, 172 Sancti Spiritus (ship), 240 Santangel, luis de, 18, 192, 292, 391, Sealey, Neil, 407 Sand clock, 665 543, 600-601, 744, 745 Sebastiao, 563 Sanderson, William, 300, 520 Santiago, Bay of, 709 Second Provincial Council of lima, 539 Sandglass, 221 Santiago de Baracoa, 211 Second voyage. See Voyages of Sandys, Edwin, 156 Santiago de Cuba, 140 Columbus San Giorgio Bank, 161-162, 743, 751 Santiago de Palos (ship), 33, 444, 614, Seebuch, 596 San Juan (Chile), 142 627, 721' 726 Segale, Andrea del, 297

VOLUME 1: pp.1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 783

Segundo, juan Sobriano, 431 third voyage, 625-626 organizational and technological Selig, William N., 334 fourth voyage, 626-628 innovations, 638 Selim I, 526 see a/so Shipbuilding; specific crew and population size, 636 Selvagens, 441 members wars, conquests, and colonization, Seneca, 652, 749 Shipwrecks, 30-33, 544 638-640 Senegal River, 531 Sicilian Vespers, 499 Societe de Notre-Dame, 151 Seneor, Abraham, 391, 392 Siculo, Lucio Marineo, 377, 397, 451 Society of Jesus. See jesuits Sengoku-jidai period, 121 Siete partidas, 389, 459, 630 Socotra, 219 Sentence of Medina del Campo, 398 Signature, 628-630, 746 Sodre, Isabel, 287 Sephardim, 392 Signorelli, luca, 44 Sodre, Vicente, 89 Sepulveda, juan Gimes de, 2%, 410, Signorio, Giovanni de, 170 Sofala, Bay of, 89 529 Silk, 118, 119, 121, 302, 667, 672 Solar phenomena, 640-641 Serrao, Francisco, 443 Silk Road, 648 Solstice, 670 Serrao, )oao, 444 Silva, Antonio jose da, 394 Somers, George, 155, 157 Settle, Dionyse, 519 Silva, Brites da, 15 Soria, luis de, 201, 751 Settlements, 606-616 Silva, ). Donald, as contributor, 286, Sor Juana. See lnes de Ia Cruz, Juana Concepci6n de Ia Vega, 616 559 Sorolla y Bastida, joaquin, 318, 320 La lsabela, 608-610 Silva family, 667 Sosa, juan de, 472 La Navidad, 606-608 Silver, 142, 236, 363, 466, 467, 468, 469- Soto, Hernando de, 55, 61, 141, 236, Nueva Cadiz, 610-611 470, 675 263, 369, 528, 641-642 Santo Domingo, 615-616 Sistine Chapel, 46, 592 Sounding-line. See lead and line Sevilla Ia Nueva, 611-614 Sixtus IV, 9, 44, 375, 539, 592, 669, 678, Sousa, leonel de, 121 Spanish, 140-142 704 Sousa, Martim Afonso de, 146 Seven Cities, 180-181, 183 tomb of, 45 Sousa, Tome de, 147-148 Seven Cities of Cibola, 210 Sixtus V, 537, 593 Southern Cross, 508, 642-643 Severin, Tim, 76 Skalholt Annals, 690 Spain, 5, 55, 643-648 Sevilla Ia Nueva, 33, 34,387,611-614 Skovorada, Grigory, 429 American trade, 283 Seville (Spain), 111,200,381, 616-617, Slany, john, 157 Charles V, 116-117 631' 639, 675 Slash-and-burn, 8, 352, 356, 366 coins honoring Columbus, 326, 327 Seville's Atlantic I, 612, 614 Slavery, 56, 254, 275, 410, 411, 4%, 517, colonization, 139, 140-145 Sewage, 458 524, 571, 579, 580, 614, 630-635, Columbus in, 187-198 Sforza, Ascanio, 10, 21-22 670, 672, 676, 679, 711' 718 decline of empire, 80 Sforza, Catarina, 177 African slaves, 3, 7, 142, 237, 631, explorations of, 263-264 Sforza, Francesco, 169 632, 633, 634, 679 expulsion of jews, 391-392, 587, Sforza, Galeazzo Maria, 169, 171 in America, 532-533, 631-635 669 Shamanism, 280, 346, 355, 368, 590 Brazilian, 633, 634 line of Demarcation, 423-426 Shaprut, Hasdai ibn, 388 Indian slaves, 29, 70, 355, 356, 632, Philip II, 540-541 Sheep, 236 633 Reconquista, 492-493, 584-585, 587 Sherbondy, Jeanette, as contributor, Muslim, 373, 604, 617, 637-638, 657 route books, 597 51-52, 311-312, 312, 550-552, Portuguese, 631, 634 sensitivity to criticism, 69 552, 552-553 Spanish, 60, 630, 631, 634 settlements in New World, 645 Shikoku, 121 Smallpox, 227, 312, 357, 457, 459, 646 slavery, 630, 631, 634 Shinto, 121 Smelting, 467 social and economic institutions, 639 Shipbuilding, 30, 468, 544, 617-622, Smith, john, 154-155, 225 stamps honoring Columbus, 332, 333 638, 681 Smith, Roger C., 614 ties to England, 242 nautical archaeology, 620-622 as contributor, 30-36 trade, 675 southern and northern traditions, Smugglers, 676 Treaty of Alcac;ovas, 678 617-620 Snuff, 278-279 Treaty of Tordesillas, 678-679 Ship drift measurements, 660 Soares, lopo, 531 see also Castile; specific colonies, Ship of Fools, The, 18 Sobrino, Diego, 458 explorers, monarchs, and Ships and crews, 622-628 Social and economic institutions, 635- settlements first voyage, 622-623 640 Spanish-American War, 80 second voyage, 623-625 division of labor and wealth, 636-638 Spanish Armada, 242, 541

VOlUME 1: pp.1-400; VOlUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 784 INDEX

Spanish language, 377, 568 Testera, Jacobo de, 473 Spice Islands. See Moluccas T Testerian catechisms, 473 Spice Route, 648 Teteoinnan, 367 Spices, 251, 273, 372, 648-650, 672, Tabasco, 474 Textiles, 357, 362, 672, 681 673, 674, 686 Tables of eclipses, 439, 601 Tezcatlipoca, 367 Spieghel der Zeevaerdt, 420 Tack lines, 515 Thacher, John Boyd, 138, 698 Spilbergen, George, 264 Taft, laredo, 481 Theatrum orbis terrarum, 466, 525 Spfnola, Gaspar de, 201 Tafur, Pedro, 209 The Discovery of America (Campe), 429 Spinola, Goffredo de, 170, 171 Tagus River, 185, 703 Theodolite, 730 Spinola, Nicol6, 171 Tahuantinsuyu, 311, 312 Thevet, Andre, 64, 100, 340 Spinola family, 176 Taignoagny, 99, 100 Third voyage. See Voyages of Spirituality of Columbus, 650-653 Tafnos, 217, 248, 249, 267, 278, 304, Columbus Spotorno, Gianbattista, 287, 744 345-349, 408, 532-535, 570, 735 Thjodhild, 248 Squarcifico, Terano, 171 art of, 348 Thordarson, Thorfinn Karlsefni, 248, Square sail, 515 government of, 346 258, 314, 688, 689, 690 Stadaconans. See Iroquois population of, 346, 532 Thorgilsson, Ari, 313 Staden, Hans, 340 rebellion by, 711 Thorne, Robert, 518 Stadiasmos of the Great Sea, 595 religion of, 346, 348, 589 Thoth, 602 Stamps. See Philately Talamancas, 724 Tides and currents, 505-506, 659-663, Stefansson, Sigurdur, 689 Talavera, Hernando de, 189, 192, 282, 734 Steffy, J. Richard, 620 380, 381, 382, 394, 657-658 Tierra Firme, 213 Stella Maris. See Magnetic compass Tammany Society, 159, 325, 475 Tifernas, Gregorius, 653 Stimmer, Tobias, 316-317 Tascaluza, 370 Tilton, David W., as contributor, 213- Stoicism, 637 Taviani, Ferdinanda, 428 215 Storia d'ltalia, 430 Taviani, Paolo Emilio, 430 Timeglass, 505, 514, 542, 663-664, 666 Storm, Gustav, 688 as contributor, 24-25, 71-72, 129- Timetelling, 665-667 Storms, 733-734 130, 130, 130-131,131-133,133, at sea, 666-667 Story of Mankind, The, 335 135-137, 161-163, 218, 272-273, mechanical clocks, 665-666 Strabo, 123, 232, 653-654 287,292-293,296-297,540,543 water and sand clocks, 665 Straumfjord, 688 Tavoletas da India. See Kamal Timucuans, 343, 370 Structure of Spanish History, The, 491 Tax, 675 Tintoretto, 684 Sturtevant, William C., as contributor, Taylor, Douglas R., 349 Tinto River, 695 93-%, 337-345 Taylor, E.G.R., 204, 507 Ti6, Aurelio, as contributor, 304, 558- Sugar, 7, 149, 173, 176, 254, 274, 275, Technology 559

4411 571 f 631 f 632, 634, 650 in Age of Discovery, 604-606 Titian, 46, 684 Suicide, 349 and economic institutions, 638 Tito Cusi Hualpa. See Huayna Capac Suleyman the Magnificent, 526, 537 see also specific scientific Tlatelolco, 364-365 Suma de geographia, 511 instruments and technological Tlaxcala, 211, 212 Suma oriental, 120 innovations Tlaxcallan, 366, 486 Summa de arithmetica, geometria, Teive, Diogo de, 180, 181 Toa, 370 proportioni et proportionalita, 601, Teles, Fernao, 180, 181 Tobacco, 278, 279-281 603 Television, 336 Toledo, 667-668 Sun, 204 Temujin. See Genghis Khan Toledo, Eleonora de, 500 see also Solar phenomena Tenochtitlan (Tenochtitlan), 17, 89, 211, Toledo, Fernando de, 133, 668 Sundials, 513, 514, 665 212, 216-217, 343, 364-365, 366, Toledo, Francicso de, 220, 360, 541 Sunol, Jeronimo, 478, 485 446, 485, 587 Toledo, Pedro de, 500 Suriname River, 687 Tepaneca of Azcapotzalco, 364 Toledo y Rojas, Marfa de, 133, 136, 137, Surveying, 291, 730 Teppe-Ki, 121 162, 416, 418, 419, 668-669 Swidden. See Slash-and-burn Tequesta, 370 Toledo-Zapata, Francisco Alvarez de, Swivel gun, 38-40 Terracing, 8 395 Syllacio, Nicolo, 490 Terreros, Pedro de, 200, 581, 713, 714, To/eta de marteloio, 221, 222, 503, 507, Syphilis, 227, 459, 535, 654-655 721 542 Syria, 673 Terrestrial paradise, 658-659 T-0 maps, 101, 250, 448

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 785

Tomb of Columbus. See Burial places Tratado breve de las inf/uencias del Tulum, 362 of Columbus cielo, 753 Tumipampa, 51 Tools, 467-468 Tratado da agulha de marear, 642 Tupac Amaru, 220 Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, 486 Travel literature, 676-677 Tupac Yupanqui, 312 Tordesillas, Treaty of. See Treaty of Travels (Mandeville), 293, 295, 446-447, Tupi, 148 Tordesillas 659,677 Tupinambas, 94, 353-356, 632 Toro, battle of, 15 Travels (Polo), 120, 303, 372, 557, 564, European effect on culture, 355 Toro, Miguel, 192 677 first contact with Europeans, 353 Torquemada, Juan de, 390, 669 Traverse board, 245 law, 353-354 Torquemada, Pedro de, 24 Treatise against Midianites and models, 339 Torquemada, Pedro Fernandez de, 669 lshmaelites, 669 reality, 340-341 Torquemada, Tomas de, 375, 669 Treaty of Alcac;:ovas, 1, 53, 190, 3%-397, religion, 355 Torralba, juan de, 612-613 423, 539, 678, 704 Vespucci's description, 338 Torre, Juana de Ia, 743 Treaty of Basel, 78 warfare, 354 Torres, Antonio de, 518, 669-670, 704, Treaty of Granada, 10 Turbaco, 214 708, 711' 721 Treaty of Ryswick, 78 Turkeys,345 Torres, luis de, 280, 304, 699 Treaty of San lldefonso, 679 Type (printing), 566, 568 Tortuga, 699 Treaty of Tordesillas, 11, 15, 54, 85, 106, Typhus, 459, 645-646 Toscanelli, Paolo del Pozzo, 120, 127, 146, 187, 240, 382, 397, 425, 437, 180, 181, 182, 188, 244,281, 397, 445, 518, 531' 539, 634, 678-679, 448, 670-672, 677 704 Toscano, Francisco, 472 Treaty of Toros de Guisando, 282, 398 u To the Christian Nobility of the German Treaty of Zaragoza, 445, 679 Nation, 587-588 Trevino de Sobremonte, Tomas, 393 Ubaldi, Baldo, 2% Toujours, 428 Trevisan, Angelo, 318 Ubelaker, Douglas B., as contributor, Tovar, Pedro de, 210 Triana, Rodrigo de, 547, 698 225-228, 654-653 Tovar, Sancho de, 89 Triangulation, 291 Ulloa, Alfonso de, 136, 208, 536, 744 Trachoma, 457 Tribute, 363, 365, 533, 711, 737 Umayyad dynasty, 209, 492 Tractado del esphera, 511 Trigonolites, 348 Union of the Crowns, 639 Tractatus de imagine mundi. See Imago Trinidad, 523, 712, 714 United States, 80 mundi Trinidad (ship), 239, 444 coins, 325 Tractatus de legibus et sectis contra Tripartite maps. See T-0 maps stamps, 328, 329 supersticiosos astronomos, 652, Triple Alliance, 364, 365-366, 485, 486 Universalior cogniti orbis tabula, 593 748 Tristan, Diego, 461, 721, 725 Universe, models of, 249-250 Tractatus de sphaera, 123, 693 Tristao, Nuno, 309, 561, 679-680 University of Salamanca, 384, 458 Trade, 7, 52, 164, 167, 635-636, 672- Triumph of Columbus, 488 University of Valladolid, 682 676 Troilus de Ia Roche, Marquis, 150 Upsi, Eric, 690 with Asia, 672 Trois-Rivieres, 151 Uraba, 214 Aztec, 366 Trondheim, 688 Uraba, Gulf of, 60 Caribbean, 674-676 Tropical storms, 733-734 Urban II, 538 fleet system, 675-676 Tropic of Cancer, 229 Urdaneta, Andres de, 264, 265 items, 26 True Discourse, 519, 520 Urriparacoxi, 370 in luxury goods, 673-674 True History of the Conquest of New Usodimare, Antoniotto, 90, 692 Mayan, 361, 363 Spain, 224 Utatl n, 361 Mediterranean, 61, 672-674 Truhan, Deborah l., as contributor, Utina, 370 in metal goods, 467-468 579-581 Utopia, 637 Ottoman, 527 Trujillo, 551 protectionist policy, 681 Tryggvason, Olafr, 247, 313 in spices, 251, 648 Tuberculosis, 457, 459, 646 Venetian, 683 Tucker, Daniel, 157 v Trade winds, 182, 663, 731, 734 Tudor monarchy, 243 Transculturation, 535, 591 see also specific monarchs Vaez Sevilla, Simon, 393 Trastamara dynasty, 378, 643, 646 Tula, 370 Valades, Diego, 588

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. 786 INDEX

Valdes, Fernando de, 376 Verne, Jules, 428 third voyage, 197, 198-199, 712-720, Valencia (Spain), 631, 681 Veronensi, Guarinus, 653 716-717 Valencia (Venezuela), 142 Veronese, Paolo, 684 fourth voyage, 197, 720-728, 722-723 Valencia, Martfn de, 472, 588 Verrazano, Alessandro di Bartolommeo Valenzuela, Marfa de, 501 da, 685 Valera, Diego de, 568 Verrazano, Gerolamo da, 685 Valla, Lorenzo, 586, 587 Verrazano, Giovanna, 685 w Valladolid, 657, 681-682 Verrazano, Giovanni da, 54, 91, 263, Valley of Tepetlaoztoc, 109 281,285,437, 685-686 VVagenaar, Lucas)anszoon, 420 Valverde, Vicente de, 472 Verrocchio, Andrea del, 43, 44 VVagner, Erika, as contributor, 610-611 Vanderlyn, john, 322, 329, 478 Verso. See Swivel gun VVagner, Hermann, 671 Van Dyke, John C., 318 Vespucci, Amerigo, 18, 88, 127, 141, VValdensians, 538, 586 Vaqueiios (ship), 625, 713 146,203,261, 281, 337-338,341, VValdman, Marilyn Robinson, as Varela, Consuelo, as contributor, 743- 418, 523, 637, 685, 686-688, 719 contributor, 491-494 746 Vicente, Martim, 178 VValdo, Peter, 538 Varga Carvajal, Gutierrez de, 264 Victoria (ship), 239, 444, 445, 563 VValdseemOIIer, Jakob, 729 Vargas, Andrea, and Fernando Vargas, Viera y Clavijo, Joseph, 71, 72 VValdseemOIIer, Martin, 18, 19, 21, 127, 203 Vignaud, ). Henry, 670 208,262,298,450,504,569,686, Vargas, Isabel de, 552 Vikings, 234, 247, 495, 688 729-731 Varni, Santo, 485 Villa de Ia Vega, 388 world map, 20 Varthema, Ludovico, 338 Villanova, Arnau de, 652 VVallis, Helen, as contributor, 297-301, Vasconcelos, Miguel de, 563 Villegaignon, Nicolas de, 285 518-522 Vassberg, David E., as contributor, Villejo, Alonso, 719 VValrus, 150 4-8 Vincent of Beauvais, 252 VValsingham, Francis, 520 Vaz de Cam6es, Luis, 531 Vinland, 248, 258, 313-314, 688-690 VValter, Robert, 322 Vazo, Antonio, 173 Vinland map, 314, 690-692 VValther, Bernhard, 216 Vazquez, Lorenzo, 460 Vinland Map and Tartar Relation, The, VVang Ho, 119 Vazquez de Ayll6n. See Ayll6n, Lucas 690 VVaraoan language, 351 Vazquez de Viracocha, 360 VVaraos, 352 Vaz Teixeira, Tristao, 177, 178, 308, 441, Virgil, Polydore, 85, 241 VVarren, Mercy, 158 559 Virginia, 156, 158 VVars of Religion, 285 Vega, Fernando, 416 Virginia Company, 154, 156, 157, 158 VVars of the Roses, 309, 554, 638 Vega, Garcilaso de Ia, 552 Virginia Company chart, 155 VVashburn, VVilcomb E., as contributor, Vega, Lope de, 431 Virgin Islands, 267 257-261,401-408, 690-692 Vega Real, 711 Virgin of the Navigators, The, 318-319, VVater clock, 664, 665 Vela, Vincenzo, 483 321 VVaters, David VV., 420 Velasco, Pedro de, 180, 181 Vision of Columbus, The, 159 VVaterspout, 733 Velazquez de Le6n, Diego, 60, 140, 211, Vitry, Jacques de, 205 VVatlings Island, 402, 405, 406, 407, 481, 212, 217, 224, 304, 474, 501 Vivaldi, Sorleone, 692 698 Venerable Bede, 505 Vivaldi, Ugolino and Vadino, 53, 253, VVatts, Pauline Moffitt, as contributor, Venetian Republic, 167, 635, 672, 673, 259,635,674,677,692 8-9,23-24,59-60,302-304,564- 674, 682-685 Vizcaino (ship), 462, 721, 726 565, 585-588, 650-653, 658-659, Venezuela, 142, 410, 523, 735 Vizinho, Jose, 51, 62, 188, 204, 406, 413, 748-749 Venice. See Venetian Republic 509, 693, 753 VVealth, division of, 636-636 Ventimiglia, Girolamo, 162 Vogado, Joao, 180 VVeapons. See Arms, armor, and Veracruz, 140, 141, 144, 474 Voltaire, 427 armament Veragua, 137, 417, 419, 461, 524, 668, Voragine, jacobus de, 567 VVeather and wind, 731-734 725 Vos, Marten de, 342 local systems, 731-733 Veragua, Duke of (Madrid), 487 Voyages of Columbus, 693-728 north of the trades, 734 Veragua Codex. See Book of Privileges first voyage, 193-195, 248, 694-704, trade winds, 182, 663, 731, 734 Veragua River, 725 696-697, 700-701 tropical storms and hurricanes, 670, Vergara, Margarita de, 528 second voyage, 37-38, 195-197, 712, 721, 733-734 Verger, )ean-Baptiste-Antoine de, 475 704-712, 706-707 VVeber, Max, 637

VOLUME 1: pp.1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations. INDEX 787

Weiditz, Christoph, 343 Woodworking, 357 Yoritomo, Minamoto, 121 Werner, Johann, 436 Wool cloth, 170, 201, 672 Yoshiaki, 121 West, Benjamin, 321 Worldes Hydrographical Description, You Are There: Columbus and Isabella, West, Delno C., as contributor, 420- 520 336 423, 746-748 World's Columbian Exposition, 112, Yssasi, Crist6bal, 33 West, Francis, 155 113, 160, 327-332, 334, 478 Yuan dynasty, 118 West Indies, 734-736 Wright, Edward, 300, 513 Yucahu Maoroc6n, 346 see also specific islands and Writings of Columbus, 737-753 Yucatan, 211,474 settlements Book of Prophecies, 748-750 Yung-lo, 118 Westward to Vinland, 314 journal, 738-742 Yupanqui, Arias, 552 Weymouth, George, 157, 521 last will and testament, 750-753 Yupanqui Huaylas, lnes, 552 Whaling, 266 letters, 628, 743-746 Yustega, 370 Wheat, 193, 274, 672 marginalia, 422, 746-748 Yusuf, Abu, 13 Wheatley, Phillis, 158-159 overview, 737-738 Whistler, James A. MeN., 323 Wycliffe, John, 538 White, John, 154, 268, 343, 371 Wyeth, N.C., 324 Whitman, Walt, 434-435 Wynter, Sylvia, as contributor, 21-23, z Wilbert, Johannes, 280 574-577, 611-615 Will (of Columbus). See last Will and Zacher, Christian K., as contributor, Testament 446-447, 676-677 William of Hirsau, 665 Zacuto, Abraham, 51, 62, 390, 397, 413, William of Ockham, 606 X 437, 509, 640, 693, 753-754 Williams, William Carlos, 435 Zapotec language, 365 Williamson, J.A., 518 Xavier, Francis, 120-121, 545 Zaque,357 Willka, 278 Xocoyotl. See Motecuhzoma II Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Wind. See Weather and wind Xue,357 Maintenance, 575-576 Wind roses, 506 Zeno, Niccolo and Antonio, 259 Wine, 166, 167, 169, 672, 682, 689 Zero, 604 Wingfield, Edward Maria, 154 Zinacantan, 361 Winghe, lodocus a, 76 y Zipa, 357 Winius, George D., as contributor, 445, Zipaquira, 357 468-471 Yajiro, 121 Ziyad, Tariq ibn, 491 Winslow, John Hathaway, 404, 407 Yale University, 690-691 Zorzi, Alessandro, 48 Winsor, justin, 404 Yamomami Indians, 279 Zuazo, Alonso, 669 Witten, laurence, 690 Yams, 276 Zuazo, leonor, 669 Wolsey, Cardinal Thomas, 87 Yeardley, George, 156 Zuniga, Juana de, 212 Women in the Americas, 354, 736-737 Yopitzinco, 366 Zwingli, Ulrich, 538

VOLUME 1: pp. 1-400; VOLUME 2: pp. 401-754. Numbers in boldface refer to the main entry on the subject. Numbers in italic refer to illustrations.