DOCSLIB.ORG

Mousetrapping

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mousetrapping UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE LETRAS PROGRAMA EM TEORIA DA LITERATURA Mousetrapping The Ordeals of Interpretation Maria Sequeira Mendes Doutoramento em Estudos Literários Teoria da Literatura 2011 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE LETRAS PROGRAMA EM TEORIA DA LITERATURA Mousetrapping The Ordeals of Interpretation Maria Sequeira Mendes Dissertação orientada por: Professor António M. Feijó Doutoramento em Estudos Literários Teoria da Literatura 2011 To my grandparents. Table Of Contents Acknowledgments 3 Abstract 5 Introduction 8 I. Tribunal of Interpretation 17 Three plays, Hamlet, Macbeth and Othello will be contrasted. While Hamlet is attempting to discover Claudius’s guilt through an evaluation of his physical reactions during the theatre play; both Macbeth and his wife are making an effort to suppress their emotions and bodily signs, knowing that if they fail to do so, their plans to assassinate the King may be discovered. In Othello , the trials of witches are reenacted in the skeptical doubts that lead the Moor to prove Desdemona’s culpability. The medieval ordeal, torture (in some of its numerous forms and historical periods) and the polygraph make their appearance as illustrations that allow us to reformulate some of the plays’ intricate problems. II. Truth in a Nutshell 104 In this chapter, the idea that certain entities enclose the key that allows us to understand difficult objects, texts or situations is discussed. Interpreters – e.g. police investigators, literary critics or medieval judges – assume, and sometimes fear, the idea that we may comprehend these beings through observation and the skill of pointing to their main features. It will be seen how the ability to ostensively redefine these entities gives the (erroneous) impression that interpretation is not being used as a tool for their comprehension. 5 III. Being a Touchstone 176 Sometimes, the interpreter is the touchstone for the interpretation of others. His role will be portrayed, as well as the establishment of an asymmetry between those who are performing the test and those being tested, which seems to be a condition for procedures to work appropriately. Qualities for being a touchstone in interpretation, such as intuition, insight or conviction, education, and a certain knowledge of technique will be considered. Being a touchstone, however, may affect its agents, who have to deal with the physical and psychological consequences of the tasks they choose, or are being forced, to perform. Final Remarks 253 Works Cited 278 6 Acknowledgments After years of hard work on topics that would not make dinner conversation, it is reassuring to find so many persons to thank. To those forced to care about medieval ordeals, intricate torture procedures and Shakespearean lines about bleeding corpses, here is my sincere acknowledgment. Professor António M. Feijó has helped me put together the many pieces of this puzzle, given me valuable advice in trying times and has been an outstanding tutor. For thought-provoking classes, and unflinching support, I thank Professor Miguel Tamen. My first scholarship was bestowed by FLAD (Fundação Luso-Americana), to whom I owe a wonderful period of research at Harvard University. I would particularly like to acknowledge Eng. Luís Santos Ferro’s attentiveness during the application process. Gulbenkian Foundation has given me a PhD scholarship, which determined the outcome of this thesis, allowing me to spend time at NYU in order to improve my research, present papers, discuss ideas at various universities, and, more importantly, conclude the dissertation. With António Ramalho, João Figueiredo, and Teresa Gonçalves’s close friendship I made my way through the Program of Literary Theory. Recent companionships (Ana Cláudia Santos, Carlo Arrigoni, Joana Meirim, Marina Guiomar, Nuno Amado, Sílvia Alberto), long lunches and days at the library helped procrastinate the writing of the thesis. António Tomás and Mariana Ricca’s wise decision to go study abroad (and their uncanny ability to find much needed articles) made my life easier. Alexandra Lopes has accompanied my academic progress, being a friend indeed when one was in need. Research periods at Cambridge, MA, and New York would not have been the same without Joana Loureiro’s breakfasts, Joana Sá, José Antão, and Maria Teresa Catanese. 7 Discussions about the thesis helped me not only to improve and rewrite it, but most importantly to enjoy it. In this dissertation, various modes of proof illustrate particular problems. Learning about them would not have been possible without the extreme generosity of those who follow. Marco Viniegra and Julie Orlemanski put together The Bodily Proof conference at Harvard and, subsequently, I had the possibility to discuss my topic at Harvard’s History of Science Department. In these occasions, I received invaluable suggestions, for which I am extremely grateful. Joana Pontes suggested Haley’s therapeutic method and Rythy Pahn’s extraordinary documentary. With Professor Lawrence Rhu, I read Stanley Cavell’s work in detail. Professor Thomas Head gave me extensive bibliography on medieval ordeals, which I would not have otherwise found; Professor Robert Bartlett kindly replied to my inquiries; and Professor Anne Harrington suggested, among other things, Ken Alder’s book on polygraphs. Lastly, Ion Iacos, at the Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims, in Copenhagen, was extremely kind, sending me articles, lists of bibliography and answering my every query. Ana Sim-Sim has helped uncover a number of Maria Mendes convicted by the Inquisition. Writing a thesis and teaching at the same time was both an ordeal and a form of torture. Some students made it worth it. I am also indebted to Conceição Mendes and Eugénia Vasques, without whom this thesis would have never found its conclusion; to Armando Nascimento Rosa, who was generous in teaching one of my classes during a semester. And, of course, to Marta Cordeiro and Marisa Falcón, who have been much more than lunch companions, proving that kindred spirits may, from time to time, be found at the workplace. To those often unseen, but not forgotten, during the writing of this thesis, my gratitude: Alda Rodrigues, Ana Sim-Sim, Andreia Barbosa, Catarina Serradas, Cristina Ribeiro, Daniel Calado, Elisabete Sousa, Inês Neto, João Mendes, Miguel Silva, Miguel Gonçalves, Nuno Casimiro, and Sara Carvalho. One final word to thank my parents. And, last but certainly not least, to Alex for the discovery of America. 8 Interpretation – Ordeal – Polygraph – Torture – Shakespeare 9 Abstract The assumption that interpretation is widespread and must be tamed is illustrated in the ambition for a touchstone capable of showing the authenticity, or veracity, of certain entities. Such touchstone would have the capacity to help us distinguish friends from enemies, of identifying the quality of particular lines, and of bringing the truth to light. This touchstone, used for the comprehension of others, may be an object, a form of test, or a person. It will, however, be seen that accurate judgments do not derive from the use of the touchstone itself, but from a technical understanding of interpretation conducted by accomplished individuals. Precise forms of judgment are, thus, the result of a combination of factors that include good intuition, or conviction, the ability to learn a specific method or technique, to show something, detect errors and ask questions. Resumo Esta tese descreve a ambição por uma pedra de toque que demonstre a veracidade, ou autenticidade, de certas entidades. Esta pedra de toque, que pode ser um objecto, uma pessoa ou um teste, teria a capacidade de nos auxiliar a distinguir amigos de inimigos, de identificar a qualidade de alguns versos e de iluminar a verdade. Argumenta-se, todavia, que juízos precisos não derivam unicamente do uso da pedra de toque, mas de um entendimento técnico de interpretação conduzida por indivíduos hábeis. Bons juízos sobre terceiros são, assim, o resultado de uma combinação de factores que inclui boa intuição, ou convicção, a capacidade de se aprender um método ou uma técnica específica, de detectar erros e de fazer perguntas. 10 If circumstances lead me, I will find Where truth is hid, though it were hid indeed Within the centre. (Hamlet , II, ii, 157-159) Construct, then, a mousetrap that will catch a sublimer evidence. Geoffrey Hartman, The Fate of Reading and Other Essays Introduction Picture a suspect of knowing a bomb’s location; a foreigner blamed for robbery in medieval times, but claiming to be innocent; a woman wishing to apply for a supermarket position, but unwilling to confess she had robbed before. In these cases, liable to skeptical doubt, the affirmations of the accused may not be taken in consideration, since their word has no value. Someone wishing to place a bomb would not be eager to confess its location; a foreigner’s word in medieval times had no judicial value; and no one applying for a job position would confess to previous robbery. There is no way of knowing if the suspect can be trusted, either since the accused is not considered honest or because there is no one able to testify as to whether he may indeed be relied upon. Thus, presumably and with good reason, one may assume the CIA, the medieval jury and the supermarket’s owner would prefer a way of finding the truth which would not depend on the suspect’s word. In many of the cases discussed, however, the only one capable of enlightening his interlocutors is the suspect. The modes of proof here described – some forms of literary criticism, the medieval judicial ordeal, the polygraph and torture (in its various forms and historical periods 1) – presume that certain entities enclose the key to their comprehension, which may come to light if the appropriate method is employed. The presumption that the body is a vessel with hidden contents has implications when applied to ways of determining the truth.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Human Way Out: the Friendship of Charity As a Countercultural
    The Human Way Out 39 in the sad and tragic cycles of family breakdown, and in the owin number of pe~ple who seem to be expendable. Is it any wonde~ eo 1! today are los~ng he'.""t? Are we surprised that the modern m~adfes of the soul with which we struggle are apathy a dan · · , gerous sense of The Human Way Out: res1gn;hon a~d defeat, cynicism, and sometimes even hopelessness? The Friendship of Charity ver thirty years ago in one of The Cold War Letters Thomas M . ton ~p~ke of "the human way out. "1 In confronting th~ fatal patte:~ as a Countercultural Practice of ~1~ h~e, ~erton searched for a more truthful and ho eful wa f env1S10rung life. He decried the "sicke · inh . p Y 0 h · rung umaruties that are every- w ere m the world" and refused to be complacent before them· "Th Paul J. Wadell, C.P. are too awful for human protest to be m . ful . ey to think I . eanmg ,-or so people seem . ~rotest anyway, I am still primitive enough, I have not cau ht ~ with t~1s century. "2 In another of The Cold War Letters writteng at God has a dream for the world, and God's dream is real and ~:V hy~~s :962, Merton wrote poignantly of an hour of crisis before beautiful. God's dream is for absolutely everyone of us to grow to full­ ;bl1c t f shans, and all people of good will, must do everything pos- ness of life and well-being through justice, compassion, and love.
    [Show full text]
  • Koel Chatterjee Phd Thesis
    Bollywood Shakespeares from Gulzar to Bhardwaj: Adapting, Assimilating and Culturalizing the Bard Koel Chatterjee PhD Thesis 10 October, 2017 I, Koel Chatterjee, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: Date: 10th October, 2017 Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible without the patience and guidance of my supervisor Dr Deana Rankin. Without her ability to keep me focused despite my never-ending projects and her continuous support during my many illnesses throughout these last five years, this thesis would still be a work in progress. I would also like to thank Dr. Ewan Fernie who inspired me to work on Shakespeare and Bollywood during my MA at Royal Holloway and Dr. Christie Carson who encouraged me to pursue a PhD after six years of being away from academia, as well as Poonam Trivedi, whose work on Filmi Shakespeares inspired my research. I thank Dr. Varsha Panjwani for mentoring me through the last three years, for the words of encouragement and support every time I doubted myself, and for the stimulating discussions that helped shape this thesis. Last but not the least, I thank my family: my grandfather Dr Somesh Chandra Bhattacharya, who made it possible for me to follow my dreams; my mother Manasi Chatterjee, who taught me to work harder when the going got tough; my sister, Payel Chatterjee, for forcing me to watch countless terrible Bollywood films; and my father, Bidyut Behari Chatterjee, whose impromptu recitations of Shakespeare to underline a thought or an emotion have led me inevitably to becoming a Shakespeare scholar.
    [Show full text]
  • George Gebhardt Ç”Μå½± ĸ²È¡Œ (Ť§Å…¨)
    George Gebhardt 电影 串行 (大全) The Dishonored https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-dishonored-medal-3823055/actors Medal A Rural Elopement https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/a-rural-elopement-925215/actors The Fascinating https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-fascinating-mrs.-francis-3203424/actors Mrs. Francis Mr. Jones at the https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/mr.-jones-at-the-ball-3327168/actors Ball A Woman's Way https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/a-woman%27s-way-3221137/actors For Love of Gold https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/for-love-of-gold-3400439/actors The Sacrifice https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-sacrifice-3522582/actors The Honor of https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-honor-of-thieves-3521294/actors Thieves The Greaser's https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-greaser%27s-gauntlet-3521123/actors Gauntlet The Tavern https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-tavern-keeper%27s-daughter-1756994/actors Keeper's Daughter The Stolen Jewels https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-stolen-jewels-3231041/actors Love Finds a Way https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/love-finds-a-way-3264157/actors An Awful Moment https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/an-awful-moment-2844877/actors The Unknown https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-unknown-3989786/actors The Fatal Hour https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-fatal-hour-961681/actors The Curtain Pole https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/the-curtain-pole-1983212/actors
    [Show full text]
  • Policing Terrorism: an Executive’S Guide
    Policing Terrorism: An Executive’s Guide By Graeme R. Newman and Ronald V. Clarke This project was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number 2007-CK-WX-K008 awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific companies, products, or services should not be considered an endorsement by the authors or the U.S. Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the issues. The Internet references cited in this publication were valid as of July 2008. Given that URLs and web sites are in constant flux, neither the authors nor the COPS Office can vouch for their current validity. Policing Terrorism: An Executive’s Guide Letter from the Director Immediately after September 11, 2001, I convened a meeting with the heads of the five major executive law enforcement organizations in the United States. Those leaders told me that community policing was now more important than ever. Since then, the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (the COPS Office) on numerous occasions has brought together federal agencies, representatives from the private sector, law enforcement leaders from around the country, including campus public safety and tribal police, to explore creative solutions to violent crime and the persistent threat of terror. In each of these discussions we were continually brought back to the central role that community policing principles play in preventing and responding to the threats of terrorism.
    [Show full text]
  • Returning in the Gloaming Courtesy Chicago Art Institute 2 the BAPTIST HERALD August 1
    The Baptist Herald A DENOMINATIONAL PAPER VOICING THE INTERESTS OF THE GERMAN BAPTIST YOUNG PEOPLE'S AND SUNDAY SCHOOL WORKERS' UNION Volume Eight CLEVELAND, 0., AUGUST 1, 1930 Number Fifteen Returning in the Gloaming Courtesy Chicago Art Institute 2 THE BAPTIST HERALD August 1. 1930 3 What's .Happening Rev. Thos. Stoeri, pastor of the St. J oseph congregation for the fin e concert The Annual Meeting of the B. Y. Louis P ark Baptist Church, St. Louis, which was outstanding by a program of P. U. of the First Church, Baptist Herald interesting variety. There were four The Mo., had the joy of baptizing three adults early in July. All were married ladies, choir s which sang singly and in unison, a Portland, Oreg. two of them .an elderly mother and her stringed orchestr a, duets, quartets, reci­ Another year has passed, and never Singing his own disciples "friends" (John 15 :14), if they daughter. tations and a solo on a musical saw. before had we had such a r ar e oppor­ would do whatsoever he commanded them to do. tunity of par taking of a " Hot Baked Sing when the sun is shining; Rev. Albert Alf, pastor of the German­ Dr. Herbert Grimmell Pfeiffer, son of H am" dinner, served in the church base­ And Abraham had the distinction to be called the Rev. Jacob Pfeiffer, graduate of Baylor town, N . Dak., church, r esigned after a ment June 5, at 6.30 P. M. Sing when the shadows fall; pastorate of somewhat over four years, University, Dallas, Texas, in 1929, has • "friend of God." There is in the Old Testament After r elishing the tasty "baked ham" Sing, and set others singing; the most beautiful example of friendship in the story to accept the pastorate of t he church at just completed a successful year's intern­ dinner, and enjoying a happy social hour, That is the best of all.
    [Show full text]
  • 1925 Virginian State Teacher's College
    Longwood University Digital Commons @ Longwood University Yearbooks Library, Special Collections, and Archives 1-1-1925 1925 Virginian State Teacher's College Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.longwood.edu/yearbooks Recommended Citation State Teacher's College, "1925 Virginian" (1925). Yearbooks. 69. http://digitalcommons.longwood.edu/yearbooks/69 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Library, Special Collections, and Archives at Digital Commons @ Longwood University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Yearbooks by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Longwood University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2010 witii funding from Lyrasis IVIembers and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/virginian1925stat OiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiMiiiiiiiniiiiiiiMiiiaiiiniiiiiiitiiiiiiMMiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiic ITbe IDlrgintaU".mniiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiJiiriEiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiJciiiiiiiiiMiiDiiiiiMiiif^i ae V iFgiman i imeteeia JniuiidLired and 1 weml dliiedl Iky the Oiu.aen.i RoAj of tike oiate 1 eacJkers C^ollege Jr ariMLville, Virginia 'iniXKi >niii iiniiiiitiiEii iniiaiiiiuiiiiiiuiiuiiiiMiiaiiiiiiiiiiiiniNiiiiiiiiiniiuiiiiiiiini iiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiii iiniiiiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiinin iiiinriiiiiiiiiiiE« >Toiiiiiiiiiiii[]iiiiiiiiiiii[3iiiiuiiimniiiiiiiiiiiic]iiiiiiiiiiiiE}iiiiiiiiiiii[; ^be IDirotntan iiiiciiiiiiiiiiNiHiiiiiiiiiiiitiimiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiici DR. J. L. JARMAN Our President
    [Show full text]
  • Mary in Film
    PONT~CALFACULTYOFTHEOLOGY "MARIANUM" INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE (UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON) MARY IN FILM AN ANALYSIS OF CINEMATIC PRESENTATIONS OF THE VIRGIN MARY FROM 1897- 1999: A THEOLOGICAL APPRAISAL OF A SOCIO-CULTURAL REALITY A thesis submitted to The International Marian Research Institute In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree Licentiate of Sacred Theology (with Specialization in Mariology) By: Michael P. Durley Director: Rev. Johann G. Roten, S.M. IMRI Dayton, Ohio (USA) 45469-1390 2000 Table of Contents I) Purpose and Method 4-7 ll) Review of Literature on 'Mary in Film'- Stlltus Quaestionis 8-25 lli) Catholic Teaching on the Instruments of Social Communication Overview 26-28 Vigilanti Cura (1936) 29-32 Miranda Prorsus (1957) 33-35 Inter Miri.fica (1963) 36-40 Communio et Progressio (1971) 41-48 Aetatis Novae (1992) 49-52 Summary 53-54 IV) General Review of Trends in Film History and Mary's Place Therein Introduction 55-56 Actuality Films (1895-1915) 57 Early 'Life of Christ' films (1898-1929) 58-61 Melodramas (1910-1930) 62-64 Fantasy Epics and the Golden Age ofHollywood (1930-1950) 65-67 Realistic Movements (1946-1959) 68-70 Various 'New Waves' (1959-1990) 71-75 Religious and Marian Revival (1985-Present) 76-78 V) Thematic Survey of Mary in Films Classification Criteria 79-84 Lectures 85-92 Filmographies of Marian Lectures Catechetical 93-94 Apparitions 95 Miscellaneous 96 Documentaries 97-106 Filmographies of Marian Documentaries Marian Art 107-108 Apparitions 109-112 Miscellaneous 113-115 Dramas
    [Show full text]
  • Truth and Lies of What People Are Really Thinking
    Dedication For Lex and Stella Epigraph Everything we see is a perspective, not the truth —Falsely attributed to Marcus Aurelius (author unknown) Contents Cover Title Page Dedication Epigraph Introduction Part One Genuine Deceptions 1 Body Language Lies 2 Powerful Thinking 3 Mind Your Judgments 4 Scan for Truth Part Two Dating 5 They’re Totally Checking Me Out! 6 Playing Hard-to-Get 7 Just Feeling Sorry for Me 8 I’m Being Ghosted 9 What a Complete Psycho! 10 They Are Running the Show 11 I’m Going to Pay for That! 12 They Are So Mad at Me 13 A Lying Cheat? 14 Definitely into My Friend 15 A Match Made in Heaven? 16 They Are So Breaking Up! Part Three Friends and Family 17 Thick as Thieves 18 My New Bff? 19 Fomo 20 Control Freak 21 Too Close for Comfort 22 They’ll Never Fit in with My Family 23 House on Fire! 24 I Am Boring the Pants off Them 25 Lying Through Their Teeth 26 Persona Non Grata 27 Invisible Me Part Four Working Life 28 I Aced That Interview—So, Where’s the Job Offer? 29 They Hate My Work 30 Big Dog 31 Never Going to See Eye to Eye 32 Cold Fish 33 They’re Gonna Blow! 34 This Meeting Is a Waste of Time 35 Looks Like a Winning Team 36 So, You Think You’re the Boss 37 Hand in the Cookie Jar Summary Bonus Bluff Learn more Acknowledgments Notes About the Authors Praise for Truth & Lies Also by Mark Bowden Copyright About the Publisher Introduction WE CAN ALL RECALL EXAMPLES when our sense of what another person was thinking turned out to be the truth.
    [Show full text]
  • Othello and the Question of Race: a Review of Two Decades of Criticism
    Othello and the quest 1on of race: a review of two decades of criticism by Azm11 M. Zab1 d1 A Thesis SubmHted to the Graduate Faculty 1n Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department: English Major: English (Literature) I ow a State Un1 verst ty Ames, Iowa 1990 i1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION _______________ 1 CHAPTER 1. THE 1950s. __ . 4 CHAPTER 2. THE 1980s.... _ . _ .24 CHAPTER 3. CONCLUSION .......43 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... _ .........49 ----- ---------- ----~ - INTRODUCTION The issue of race is something which cannot be ignored in interpreting the tragedy of Othello. This thesis examines the presence or absence of racial issues by investigating the opinions of critics of the 1950s and contrasting them to critics of the 1980s (mostly from the United States) in order to bring about an understanding of how the tragedy was seen before and after the Civil Rights Movement. Aside from criticism of the two decades in question, I have also included references to relevant criticism from other periods whose authors· expertise were germane to the issue of race and racism. Certain Shakespeare critics, A. C. Bradley, for instance; was of great importance to my efforts because even though his criticism was written well before the earlier period I examined, Bradley set the tone for much of the criticism which followed. Including Bradley in this thesis also provides insight on how the play was viewed during an earlier period in Othello criticism. 2 This thesis is divided into three chapters. and each of the first two chapters examines different approaches in assessing the play.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue of Stereopticons, Dissolving View Apparatus, Magic Lanterns
    +**Ai »^..A^^w^»..»......»»...^».AA«..«t»»t*>A*i CATALOGUE AID PRICE LIST STEREOPTICONS,OF dissolving Views, Apparatus, Magic Zanterns, and Artistically Colored Thotograpliic Views, That eminent Philosopher, Sir David Brewster, says, " Thr. Sfqgte Lantern, which, for a long Hme was us'd only as an ins'rwnent for amusing children, and astonishing the. ignorant, has recently been fitted up for the betUr purpose, of conveying Scientific Instruction, and it is vow univer- sally used by popular Lecturers. It m -y be used in almost every branch where it it desirable to give a distinct and enlarged representation to a large audience." t. h. McAllister, (0» THB 1JATE FlBK OF MCALLISTER <fc BROTHER, PHILADELPHIA.—ESTAB: 179C.) Optician, 49 NASSAU ST., NEW YORK. This Catalogue Is for gratuitous distribution, and sent by Mail free of charge. KCWtN BARTOW, PRINTER, 80 & 82 DUASE ST., NEW YORK. •5 « a M •73 o O . ... «> d. s M B a o © •»« — •>-) a J •-* a as oj 03 b& id 1- " S bo "" g« CO & S oj y © CO a c8 W d V w si © M ©— > BJ"" W K -a »* e. c oj d a a 13 « a u a pq * J?*fc !s a i- °° S o.2 «©© » d ^ h a g o P« H s a o o o V mo '« * oo JS- M CO O « a "3 'a 0Q © s o -f d CQ «© o CS = s a .. o d © © - a H 4-i u J8"S as O a a eg g en 5* ID u CQ S _, a| O « g •wH .S « £> >>bo g » c <^= ? a e 5 CO d 0,a o ^ ^ CO « » d * _j a o ^^ o ^ Sd ut- " m b^ r e o 2 © CO -73 © v .2 °5 a £ u 5 t*> o « a .
    [Show full text]
  • A Companion to Literature, Film, and Adaptation Blackwell Companions to Literature and Culture
    A Companion to Literature, Film, and Adaptation Blackwell Companions to Literature and Culture This series offers comprehensive, newly written surveys of key periods and movements and certain major authors, in English literary culture and history. Extensive volumes provide new perspectives and positions on contexts and on canonical and post-canonical texts, orientating the beginning student in new fields of study and providing the experienced undergraduate and new graduate with current and new directions, as pioneered and developed by leading scholars in the field. Published Recently 62. A Companion to T. S. Eliot Edited by David E. Chinitz 63. A Companion to Samuel Beckett Edited by S. E. Gontarski 64. A Companion to Twentieth-Century United States Fiction Edited by David Seed 65. A Companion to Tudor Literature Edited by Kent Cartwright 66. A Companion to Crime Fiction Edited by Charles Rzepka and Lee Horsley 67. A Companion to Medieval Poetry Edited by Corinne Saunders 68. A New Companion to English Renaissance Literature and Culture Edited by Michael Hattaway 69. A Companion to the American Short Story Edited by Alfred Bendixen and James Nagel 70. A Companion to American Literature and Culture Edited by Paul Lauter 71. A Companion to African American Literature Edited by Gene Jarrett 72. A Companion to Irish Literature Edited by Julia M. Wright 73. A Companion to Romantic Poetry Edited by Charles Mahoney 74. A Companion to the Literature and Culture of the American West Edited by Nicolas S. Witschi 75. A Companion to Sensation Fiction Edited by Pamela K. Gilbert 76. A Companion to Comparative Literature Edited by Ali Behdad and Dominic Thomas 77.
    [Show full text]
  • LESS THAN IDEAL? the INTELLECTUAL HISTORY of MALE FRIENDSHIP and ITS ARTICULATION in EARLY MODERN DRAMA By
    LESS THAN IDEAL? THE INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF MALE FRIENDSHIP AND ITS ARTICULATION IN EARLY MODERN DRAMA by WENDY ELLEN TREVOR A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of English College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham October 2009 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. This thesis examines the intellectual history of male friendship through its articulation in non-Shakespearean early modern drama; and considers how dramatic texts engage with the classical ideals of male friendship. Cicero’s De amicitia provided the theoretical model for perfect friendship for the early modern period; and this thesis argues for the further relevance of early modern translations of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, and in particular, Seneca’s De beneficiis, both of which open up meanings of different formulations and practices of friendship. This thesis, then, analyses how dramatists contributed to the discourse of male friendship through representations that expanded the bounds of amity beyond the paradigmatic ‘one soul in two bodies’, into different conceptions of friendship both ideal and otherwise.
    [Show full text]