Gladio… Por Daniele Ganser*
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0714685003.Pdf
CONTENTS Foreword xi Acknowledgements xiv Acronyms xviii Introduction 1 1 A terrorist attack in Italy 3 2 A scandal shocks Western Europe 15 3 The silence of NATO, CIA and MI6 25 4 The secret war in Great Britain 38 5 The secret war in the United States 51 6 The secret war in Italy 63 7 The secret war in France 84 8 The secret war in Spain 103 9 The secret war in Portugal 114 10 The secret war in Belgium 125 11 The secret war in the Netherlands 148 12 The secret war in Luxemburg 165 ix 13 The secret war in Denmark 168 14 The secret war in Norway 176 15 The secret war in Germany 189 16 The secret war in Greece 212 17 The secret war in Turkey 224 Conclusion 245 Chronology 250 Notes 259 Select bibliography 301 Index 303 x FOREWORD At the height of the Cold War there was effectively a front line in Europe. Winston Churchill once called it the Iron Curtain and said it ran from Szczecin on the Baltic Sea to Trieste on the Adriatic Sea. Both sides deployed military power along this line in the expectation of a major combat. The Western European powers created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) precisely to fight that expected war but the strength they could marshal remained limited. The Soviet Union, and after the mid-1950s the Soviet Bloc, consistently had greater numbers of troops, tanks, planes, guns, and other equipment. This is not the place to pull apart analyses of the military balance, to dissect issues of quantitative versus qualitative, or rigid versus flexible tactics. -
An Unfinished Debate on NATO's Cold War Stay-Behind Armies
The British Secret Service in Neutral Switzerland: An Unfinished Debate on NATO’s Cold War Stay-behind Armies DANIELE GANSER In 1990, the existence of a secret anti-Communist stay-behind army in Italy, codenamed ‘Gladio’ and linked to NATO, was revealed. Subsequently, similar stay-behind armies were discovered in all NATO countries in Western Europe. Based on parliamentary and governmental reports, oral history, and investigative journalism, the essay argues that neutral Switzerland also operated a stay-behind army. It explores the role of the British secret service and the reactions of the British and the Swiss governments to the discovery of the network and investigates whether the Swiss stay-behind army, despite Swiss neutrality, was integrated into the International NATO stay-behind network. INTRODUCTION During the Cold War, secret anti-Communist stay-behind armies existed in all countries in Western Europe. Set up after World War II by the US foreign intelligence service CIA and the British foreign intelligence service MI6, the stay-behind network was coordinated by two unorthodox warfare centres of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), the ‘Clandestine Planning Committee’ (CPC) and the ‘Allied Clandestine Committee’ (ACC). Hidden within the national military secret services, the stay-behind armies operated under numerous codenames such as ‘Gladio’ in Italy, ‘SDRA8’ in Belgium, ‘Counter-Guerrilla’ in Turkey, ‘Absalon’ in Denmark, and ‘P-26’ in Switzerland. These secret soldiers had orders to operate behind enemy lines in -
The Need for a United States Government Capacity to Analyze and Counter Foreign Perception Management Operations: Part I
International Bulletin of Political Psychology Volume 1 Issue 5 Article 2 12-6-1996 The Need for a United States Government Capacity to Analyze and Counter Foreign Perception Management Operations: Part I Todd Levanthal United States Information Agency, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/ibpp Part of the International Relations Commons, Other Political Science Commons, Other Psychology Commons, and the Social Influence and oliticalP Communication Commons Recommended Citation Levanthal, Todd (1996) "The Need for a United States Government Capacity to Analyze and Counter Foreign Perception Management Operations: Part I," International Bulletin of Political Psychology: Vol. 1 : Iss. 5 , Article 2. Available at: https://commons.erau.edu/ibpp/vol1/iss5/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Bulletin of Political Psychology by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Levanthal: U.S. Analyzing & Countering Foreign Perception - Part I International Bulletin of Political Psychology Title: The Need for a United States Government Capacity to Analyze and Counter Foreign Perception Management Operations: Part I Author: Todd Levanthal Volume: 1 Issue: 5 Date: 1996-12-06 Keywords: Perception management (IBPP Note: This begins a three-part series by Mr. Todd Leventhal who from January 1987 to May 1996 was Program Officer for Countering Disinformation at the United States Information Agency (USIA.) The series reflects only his personal opinions, not those of USIA or the United States Government (USG.) It is presented with only the most minor editing, but with extensive commentary by IBPP. -
Extensions of Remarks 16843 Extensions of Remarks
June 25, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16843 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS KEYNOTE SPEECH OF CHARLES lungs, free of braces and free of crippling function; it represents one of the most L. MASSEY, PRESIDENT, THE in one-tenth the time required to wipe out exhilarating challenges to be met in the last MARCH OF DIMES BIRTH DE smallpox-is testimony to our people's con decades of this century. FECTS FOUNDATION scious investment of themselves to insure That's because we give the word "healing" their children's future health. a special definition with extra dimensions. And it is true to this unique heritage that Not just treating and curing birth defects in HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER March of Dimes volunteers are still laboring the present tense, but preventing birth de OF NEW YORK not for their own health but for the health fects in the future tense. And not just con of future generations. Tomorrow and the cern for the human body and its organs, but IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES following days, physicians and scientists, concern for individual human beings in the Wednesday, June 25, 1980 nurses and nutritionists, educators and lay total context of their environment. persons sitting among you tonight will star The Greek physician, Hippocrates-the e Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, I in a multi-media production, playing the father of medicine-said that "healing is a would like to bring to the attention of role of themselves as they demonstrate the matter of time but it sometimes is also a my colleagues the speech given earlier forces they have fashioned in pursuing the matter of opportunity." this month by Charles L. -
Downloadable from the Apple App Store Or Google Play
KNOWLEDGE, SPIRIT, LAW BOOK I: RADICAL SCHOLARSHIP KNOWLEDGE, SPIRIT, LAW BOOK I: RADICAL SCHOLARSHIP Gavin Keeney punctum books brooklyn, ny KNOWLEDGE, SPIRIT, LAW // BOOK 1: RADICAL SCHOLARSHIP © Gavin Keeney, 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior writ- ten permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. First published in 2015 (in a limited print-on-demand edition of 500 copies) as a co-imprint of punctum books Brooklyn, New York http://punctumbooks.com CTM Documents Initiative Center for Transformative Media Parsons School of Design http://ctm.parsons.edu/ Cover image: Detail from Gavin Keeney, James Joyce Café, Via Roma, 14, Trieste, Italy (2014). Photo © Gavin Keeney, 2015. Photo-editing by Ed Keller, Claudio Palmisano, and Chris Piuma. Cover Design by Chris Piuma. Book design by Eileen Joy. ISBN-13: 978-0692558447 ISBN-10: 0692558446 Facing-page illustration by Heather Masciandaro. L For Chris Marker For want of a real object, by the power of my vague desires, I evoked a phantom which never quitted me more. François-René de Chateaubriand Whatever may happen next, we will always have had this. For the first time, and forever, there will be other memories floating around these heavy machines than silence, coercion and submissiveness. Simone Weil Nothing is, nothing is the same. /And I won’t go back the way I came. -
Monde.20010925.Pdf
DEMANDEZ NOTRE SUPPLÉMENT LES MUTATIONS LES INITIATIVES www.lemonde.fr 57e ANNÉE – Nº 17624 – 7,90 F - 1,20 EURO FRANCE MÉTROPOLITAINE -- MARDI 25 SEPTEMBRE 2001 FONDATEUR : HUBERT BEUVE-MÉRY – DIRECTEUR : JEAN-MARIE COLOMBANI Le scénario américain de la guerre qui vient b Les Etats-Unis préparent une première riposte limitée à l’Afghanistan b Avec les Britanniques, ils s’apprêtent à combiner raids aériens et opérations de commandos contre les talibans et Oussama Ben Laden b L’approche de l’hiver les incite à agir vite b Ils admettent la perte d’un avion-espion b Les récits de nos reporters au nord de l’Afghanistan, au Pakistan et dans les Emirats SOMMAIRE b L’économie mondiale sous le choc : Les Quinze au secours des b Les préparatifs de la guerre : Les compagnies aériennes. Les Etats- Etats-Unis concentrent sur l’Afgha- Unis musclent leur plan de relance nistan la première phase de leur keynésien. Les marchés boursiers JACQUERLINE GESTA/REUTERS guerre contre le terrorisme. Ils suspendus à Wall Street. Les pro- CATASTROPHE admettent la perte d’un avion- fessionnels du tourisme tentent espion. Des aéroports aux maisons de ne pas céder au pessimisme. des combattants étrangers, une p. 8 et p. 30 Etat de choc nuée de cibles. Des raids aériens seraient conjugués avec des b La situation au Proche-Orient : actions commandos. Les reporta- Ariel Sharon met à nouveau son à Toulouse ges de notre envoyée spéciale veto à la rencontre entre Yasser auprès de l’Alliance du Nord : l’op- Arafat et Shimon Pérès. p. 9 Le bilan de l’explosion de l’usine AZF de position afghane retrouve l’espoir Toulouse s’élevait, lundi matin, à de vaincre les talibans. -
US Foreign Policy During the Nixon and Ford Administrations
DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 3-2012 US Foreign Policy During the Nixon and Ford Administrations Rachael S. Murdock DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd Recommended Citation Murdock, Rachael S., "US Foreign Policy During the Nixon and Ford Administrations" (2012). College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations. 115. https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/115 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. US FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD CHILE DURING THE NIXON AND FORD ADMINISTRATIONS A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts March 2012 BY Rachael Murdock Department of International Studies College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences DePaul University Chicago, IL i DEDICATION To my family, whose encouragement and support were essential to the completion of this project. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A very hearty thanks to my thesis advisor, Dr. Rose Spalding, Professor of Political Science at DePaul University. Her patience, guidance, encouragement, insight as she mentored me through the thesis process were indispensible. Great thanks also to Dr. Patrick Callahan, Professor of Political Science at DePaul. He provided vital insight and guidance in developing Chapter Two of this thesis and offered excellent input on later drafts of both Chapters One and Two. -
Video Catalogue Eric Roberts October 28, 2004
Video Catalogue Eric Roberts October 28, 2004 AN ACT OF CONSCIENCE, Robbie Leppzer,1997, 1:30. This film follows the history of Randy Kehler and Betsy Corner,two tax resisters from Colrain, Massachusetts. After years of refusing to pay war taxes, the Federal Government seized their home and sold it to pay the arrears. The film chronicles the campaign of nonviolent resistance to save their home but also explores the class and political conflicts that arise between the resisters and the family that buys the home. THE ADVENTURES OF PRISCILLA: QUEEN OF THE DESERT, Stephen Elliot, 1994, 1:42. The story line of the film involves a group of three drag performers from the Sydneygay nighclubs who drive their lavender bus, Priscilla, across the desert to perform in Alice Springs. The fun comes from the energy that the trio and supporting cast bring to the adventure, which ends up being a wonderfully funnyand life-affirming tale. AGAINST THE CURRENT,Dmitri Delov, The Glasnost Film Festival, 1988, 0:27. ‘‘This is a film about ecological crime. Despite being labeled extremists, the residents of Kirishi protest a major syn- thetic protein plant. ‘Wecouldn’tbreathe, we coughed, we buried our children . .. but we couldn’tput up with it anymore,’ayoung woman shouts indignantly at a rally.’’[from the film notes] ALICE’S RESTAURANT,Arthur Penn, 1969, 1:51. At one level, this is the story told by Arlo Guthrie’ssong, with the half-a-ton of garbage, the twenty-seven8x10 col- ored glossy photographs, and the draft induction center where you get injected, inspected, detected, infected, neglected, and selected. -
23-64-Volume Primo Tomo 3 1..58
SENATO DELLA REPUBBLICA CAMERA DEI DEPUTATI XIII LEGISLATURA Doc. XXIII n. 64 VOLUME PRIMO Tomo III COMMISSIONE PARLAMENTARE D'INCHIESTA SUL TERRORISMO IN ITALIA E SULLE CAUSE DELLA MANCATA INDIVIDUAZIONE DEI RESPONSABILI DELLE STRAGI istituita con legge 23 dicembre 1992, n. 499, che richiama la legge 17 maggio 1988, n. 172 e successive modificazioni (composta dai senatori: Pellegrino, Presidente, Manca, Vice presidente, Palombo, Segretario, Bertoni, Caruso, Cioni, CoÁ, De Luca Athos, Dentamaro, Dolazza, Follieri, Giorgianni, Mantica, Mignone, Nieddu, Pace, Pardini, Piredda, Staniscia, Toniolli, Ventucci e dai deputati: Grimaldi, Vice presidente, Attili, Bielli, Cappella, Carotti, Cola, Delbono, Detomas, Dozzo, FragalaÁ, Gnaga, Lamacchia, Leone, Marotta, Miraglia del Giudice, Nan, Ruzzante, Saraceni, Taradash, Tassone) Decisioni adottate dalla Commissione nella seduta del 22 marzo 2001 in merito alla pubblicazione degli atti e dei documenti prodotti e acquisiti ELABORATI PRESENTATI DAI COMMISSARI Comunicate alle Presidenze il 26 aprile 2001 13 - PAR - INC - 0064 - 0 TIPOGRAFIA DEL SENATO (1200) Senato della Repubblica± III ± Camera dei deputati XIII LEGISLATURA ± DISEGNI DI LEGGE E RELAZIONI - DOCUMENTI INDICE VOLUME I, TOMO III Lettere di trasmissione ai Presidenti delle Camere . Pag. V Decisioni adottate dalla Commissione nella seduta del 22 marzo 2001........................... »IX Elenco degli elaborati prodotti dai Commissari. »XI Legge istituitiva e Regolamento interno. ......... »XV Elenco dei componenti . ..................... » XXXVIII Il contesto delle stragi. Una cronologia 1968-1975 (Sen. Mantica, On. FragalaÁ).............. »1 Sciagura aerea del 27 giugno 1980 (strage di Ustica - DC9 I-TIGI Itavia Elaborato presentato in data 27 aprile 1999 e inte- grato, in data 28 giugno 2000, con la «Proposta di discussione finale del documento sulle vicende con- nesse alla sciagura aerea» (Sen. -
Terrorismi Ja Joukkotuhoaseet
1 VALTIOT ja TERRORISMI Katsaus propagandan luomien kulissien taakse Päivitetty pdf-versio, 2013 Painettu kirja julkaistu alunperin Multikustannuksen Erottaja-sarjassa v. 2008 © Hannu Yli-Karjanmaa Esipuhe................................................................................................................................4 Helsingissä 1.8.2008 Hannu Yli-Karjanmaa.........................................................................5 Johdant o..............................................................................................................................7 Salaliitto – kielletty ajatus?.................................................................................................10 Terrorismin määritelmistä ja lajeista ..................................................................................19 Valtiollinen terrorismi......................................................................................................23 Psykologinen sodankäynti ..........................................................................................24 Vastavallankumouksellinen sodankäynti ....................................................................28 Vallan olemuksesta.....................................................................................................35 Oikeutus sodalle.............................................................................................................39 RMS Lusitanian upottaminen......................................................................................39 -
EXTENSIONS of REMARKS May 29, 1980 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS
12724 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 29, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS PUBLIC BROADCASTING SYSTEM mentary to amplify charges made by aware of that fact and there is a con AIRS ANTI-CIA PROPAGANDA: other ex-CIA agents. siderable body of evidence, much of .it PART I Although it is obvious and a part of provided by defectors from the KGB the public record that a substantial and other Communist secret services, number of the CIA defectors used in indicating that the KGB's disinforma HON. LARRY McDONALD the film have links with Cuba or other tion department is directing more OF GEORGIA hostile Communist intelligence serv than 1,000 disinformation operations IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ices, Agee is outstanding in this each year in the free world press and that they are utilizing people under Wednesday, May 28, 1980 regard. Agee openly thanked agencies of the Cuban Government and repre their control or influence in govern e Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, in sentatives of the Communist Party of ment, academia, and the media to leak the battle over the proposed intelli Cuba for providing him with informa disinformation stories to reporters. gence charter for the Central Intelli tion for his first CIA expose book, The technique is simple: They feed a gence Agency, the lobby of CIA "Inside the Company," and according reporter several true scoops before antagonists has concentrated their ef to CIA officials Agee made at least giving him the phony one. forts on a significant issue, that is five clandestine trips to Havana during An excellent background report on whether the CIA shall be permitted to the process of writing that book. -
GGD-77-21 Lawsuits Against the Government Relating to a Bill To
DOCUMENT RESUME 02253 - A4524451 Lawsuits against the Goveknment Rlating to a Bill to Amend the Privacy Act of 1974. GGD-77-21; B-130441. May 6, 1977. Released May 17, 1977. 62 pp. Report to Rep. Richardson Preyer, Chairmail, House Committee on Government Operations: Government Information and Individual Rights Subcommittee; by Elmer B. Staats, Comptroller General. Issue Area: Law Enforcement and Crime Prevention (500). Contact: General Government Div. Budget Function: Law Enforcement and Justice: Federal Law Enforcement and Prosecution (751). Organization Concerned: Department of Justice. Congressional Relevance: House Committee on Government Operations: Government Iniormation and Individual Rights Subcommittee. Authority: Federal Tort Claims Act. Privacy Act of 1974. Freedom of Information Act. 5 U.S.C. 552a (12) (A)-{D). 28 U.S.C. 517. H.R. 12039 (94th Cong.). As of June 1, 1976, 143 lawsuits were pending against the Government or its employees for activities, such as trespass without consent, listed in the proposed House bill 12039, which would have amended the Privacy Act of 1974. Findings/Conclusions: This bill, which did not pass the 94th Congress, would have required that persons be informed that they were subjects of these programs or activities and advised of, among other matters, their rights under the Freedom of Information and Privacy Acts. Of the 143 pending lawsuits, 87 charged i terception of oral cr written communication without a search warrant or consent; 98 involved search, physical intrusion, or trespass without a search warrant or consent; and 13 involved a subject of a file or index in connection with operations of CHAOS, COINTELPRO, or the Special Service Staff.