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Assessment of Biocide Impacts on Life Support (LS) and Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Architectures

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Assessment of Biocide Impacts on Life Support (LS) and Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Architectures NASA/TM-20210013644 NESC-RP-01518 Assessment of Biocide Impacts on Life Support (LS) and Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Architectures Morgan B. Abney/NESC Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia Kevin S. McCarley Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama Lance D. Delzeit Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California Eliza L. Montgomery Kennedy Space Center, Kennedy Space Center, Florida Daniel B. Gazda and Spencer Williams Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Martin S. Feather and Steven L. Cornford Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California John W. Steele Jacobs Technology Inc., Dallas, Texas April 2021 NASA STI Program Report Series Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. advancement of aeronautics and space science. The Collected papers from scientific and technical NASA scientific and technical information (STI) conferences, symposia, seminars, or other program plays a key part in helping NASA maintain meetings sponsored or this important role. co-sponsored by NASA. The NASA STI program operates under the auspices • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, of the Agency Chief Information Officer. It collects, technical, or historical information from NASA organizes, provides for archiving, and disseminates programs, projects, and missions, often NASA’s STI. The NASA STI program provides access concerned with subjects having substantial to the NTRS Registered and its public interface, the public interest. NASA Technical Reports Server, thus providing one of the largest collections of aeronautical and space • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. science STI in the world. Results are published in both English-language translations of foreign non-NASA channels and by NASA in the NASA STI scientific and technical material pertinent to Report Series, which includes the following report NASA’s mission. types: Specialized services also include organizing • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of and publishing research results, distributing completed research or a major significant phase of specialized research announcements and feeds, research that present the results of NASA providing information desk and personal search Programs and include extensive data or theoretical support, and enabling data exchange services. analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data and information For more information about the NASA STI program, deemed to be of continuing reference value. see the following: NASA counterpart of peer-reviewed formal professional papers but has less stringent • Access the NASA STI program home page at limitations on manuscript length and extent of http://www.sti.nasa.gov graphic presentations. • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. • Help desk contact information: Scientific and technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, https://www.sti.nasa.gov/sti-contact-form/ e.g., quick release reports, working and select the “General” help request type. papers, and bibliographies that contain minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive analysis. • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and technical findings by NASA-sponsored contractors and grantees. NASA/TM-20210013644 NESC-RP-01518 Assessment of Biocide Impacts on Life Support (LS) and Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Architectures Morgan B. Abney/NESC Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia Kevin S. McCarley Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama Lance D. Delzeit Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California Eliza L. Montgomery Kennedy Space Center, Kennedy Space Center, Florida Daniel B. Gazda and Spencer Williams Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas Martin S. Feather and Steven L. Cornford Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California John W. Steele Jacobs Technology Inc., Dallas, Texas National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199 April 2021 Acknowledgments The assessment team would like to recognize the significant technical contributions of Robin Hetherington (JSC-ES411, Materials and Processes) and Anna Shipman (MSFC-HS11, student trainee). The team would also like to thank peer reviewers Tim Barth, Dan Dorney, Jon Holladay, Steve Gentz, Rex Graves, Dexter Johnson, Monsi Roman, Rick Russell, Steve Smith, and Tim Stephenson. The use of trademarks or names of manufacturers in the report is for accurate reporting and does not constitute an official endorsement, either expressed or implied, of such products or manufacturers by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Available from: NASA STI Program / Mail Stop 148 NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681-2199 Fax: 757-864-6500 NASA Engineering and Safety Center Technical Assessment Report Assessment of Biocide Impacts on Life Support (LS) and Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Architectures February 18, 2021 NESC Document #: NESC-RP-20-01518 Page #: 1 of 293 Report Approval and Revision History Approved: Original Signature on File 3/5/21 NESC Director Date Office of Primary Version Description of Revision Effective Date Responsibility Dr. Morgan B. Abney NASA Technical Fellow 1.0 Initial Release 2/18/2021 for Environmental Control/ Life Support NESC Document #: NESC-RP-20-01518 Page #: 2 of 293 Table of Contents 1.0 Notification and Authorization ........................................................................................................ 6 2.0 Signature Page ................................................................................................................................. 7 3.0 Team List ......................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................. 8 4.0 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 9 5.0 Assessment Plan ............................................................................................................................ 12 6.0 Problem Description, Background, Approach, and Results ........................................................... 14 6.1 Problem Description ......................................................................................................... 14 6.2 Background ....................................................................................................................... 14 6.3 Approach ........................................................................................................................... 24 6.4 Results 35 7.0 Findings, Observations, and NESC Recommendations ................................................................. 71 7.1 Findings ............................................................................................................................ 71 7.2 Observations ..................................................................................................................... 73 7.3 NESC Recommendations ................................................................................................. 74 8.0 Alternative Viewpoint(s) ............................................................................................................... 74 9.0 Other Deliverables ......................................................................................................................... 74 10.0 Lessons Learned ............................................................................................................................ 75 11.0 Recommendations for NASA Standards and Specifications ......................................................... 75 12.0 Definition of Terms........................................................................................................................ 75 13.0 Acronyms and Nomenclature ........................................................................................................ 75 14.0 References ...................................................................................................................................... 77 Appendices .................................................................................................................................................. 78 Appendix A: Identification and Initial Review of Biocides ........................................................................ 79 A.1 Raw Data 79 A.2 Biocidal Precursor ................................................................................................................... 98 A.3 Polymer Delivery System – Hydantoin and Isocyanurate ...................................................... 98 Appendix B: Toxicological Evaluation of Candidate Biocides for Water in Exploration Vehicles ........ 101 B.1 Background and Methods ............................................................................................... 101 B.2 Exploration Biocide Candidates ..................................................................................... 101 B.3 Assumptions and Limitations ......................................................................................... 103 B.4 Review of Candidate Biocides ........................................................................................ 103 B.5 Palatability ...................................................................................................................... 111 B.6 Scoring 113 B.7 Uncertainty.....................................................................................................................
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