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Impacts of New York City's Waterways

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Impacts of New York City's Waterways Impacts of New York City’s Waterways Photo Credit: Mitch Waxman Background . NYCEDC initiated a study in Oct 2015 to better understand the value of New York City’s Borough waterways and identify opportunities to grow waterborne commerce (via barge) . The study included significant outreach to the maritime community: - Tug and barge businesses (operators) - Water-dependent businesses (shippers/receivers) Fuel Barge on Newtown Creek - NYS Dept of Environmental Conservation Photo Credit: Mitch Waxman (regulatory) - US Army Corps of Engineers (regulatory) . As outlined in Mayor deBlasio’s OneNYC, freight transportation by water is encouraged where possible, with ambitious growth goals . Water freight provides significant public benefits by - Limiting truck use, which o Improves air quality, lowers carbon footprint (Mayor’s 80% reduction by 2050 aka 80X50) o Reduces roadway congestion - Providing good-paying, middle class jobs 2 NYC’s Borough Waterways 12 borough waterways Eastchester Creek have maritime industrial Hudson River Westchester Creek businesses across New Bronx River York City. East River Flushing Bay / Flushing Creek Buttermilk These waterways are Channel connected to the maritime economy by Newtown Creek Kill Van Kull to Gowanus Creek/ approximately 6 primary Jamaica Bay Arthur Kill Gowanus Canal channels Head of Bay Coney Island Creek Mott Basin Anchorage Channel Ambrose Channel Vernam Basin Jamaica Bay Reaches A & B 3 Yesterday: A Brief History of NYC’s Borough Waterways . In the early 1800’s, many of NYC’s secondary waterways were once tidal estuaries and creeks that were later excavated or filled for commercial use. th . They became home to NYC’s industrial base Gowanus Canal – Early 20 Century Photo Courtesy: thesixthborough.com (e.g. smelting plants, tanneries, shipyards, coal yards, paint and ink factories) . The maritime infrastructure (canals with bulkheads) created in the 1800s and 1900s continues to support NYC’s overall economy. Gowanus Canal – Today Photo Credit: Mitch Waxman 4 Today: Snapshot of Water Freight in NYC’s Borough Waterways . 4.4M tons of cargo were handled in 20141 . These volumes equate to 4% of all cargo handled in the Port of NY and NJ . These secondary waterways together would rank as the 81st largest port in the US, larger than Bridgeport, CT (#89) . There are approximately 35 active businesses using the waterways . Approximately 700 jobs2 are supported, with average salaries between $90K to $120K/yr Scrap metal business (Pascap) on Eastchester Creek looking North Photo Courtesy: Tugster.com, Will Van Dorp . Inland water freight contributed to economic output of $300M for 2014 Overall, marine support services employs 7,100 direct jobs (including main channels) and contributes to $2B in economic 1. USACE 2014 Waterborne Commerce Data impact3 2. Inland water freight transportation industry and associated support services (direct, indirect, induced) 3. Source: NYCEDC Maritime Support Services Study, 5 2007 Environmental Benefits Cargo Capacity Equivalents 7 . Each year, about 440,000 truck trips are eliminated1, which is equivalent to about 30 days2 worth of traffic on the George Washington Bridge, world’s busiest bridge . Up to 6.6 million truck miles travelled are saved3 - = $2.65M saved in infrastructure (roadway maintenance) costs4 . 11,220 tons of CO2 are saved per year5 . Inland barging emits 90% and 95% less CO and NO than trucks per mile6 1. Based on 20 tons per truck (220,000 one way trips) 2. Based on 14,000 trucks cross eastbound GWB Overall, marine support services 3. Based on 15 mile truck distance eliminates 3.1M trucks from NYC 4. 6.6Mmiles*$.40/miles 8 5. Source: EDF Green Freight Handbook roads each year ((6,600,000X1,700g/mile)/1,000,000g/metric ton)) 6. Source: Port of Victoria 7. Source: Port of Pittsburgh 8. Source: NYCEDC Maritime Support Services Study, 2007 6 Major Commodities by Weight Volumes 12000 #1 Aggregate 2001: Closure of 10000 • Fluctuates based on business cycle Fresh Kills Landfill • Customers include building construction 8000 companies, NYCDOT (salt) • Ex: Crushed stone, sand, gravel 6000 ‘000 ‘000 tons 4000 #2 Fuel 2000 • Due to increase in fuel efficiency, fuel demand has decreased 0 • Customers include distributors of home 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 heating oil 1993 • Ex: Gasoline, alcohol Aggregates Fuel Waste & Scrap Other #3 Recyclables & Scrap Metal • An export industry that continues to 20% transform as recycling increases 43% • Customers include Sims Municipal Recycling • Ex: Glass, paper, plastic, metal 37% Data source: USACE, 2014 Other = Timber 7 Commodities: Aggregates Source/Origin • Quarries north of NYC, which are typically adjacent to the Hudson e.g. Clinton Point, Haverstraw • Tilcon is the primary supplier of aggregate to NYC Industry Trends Clinton Point • Tugs move multiple barges to mooring buoys in NY Harbor • Individual barges then distributed from mooring buoys to aggregate plants in NYC • Increased recycling is impacting the volumes of virgin material Major Locations Photo Credit: Center for Urban Land Use Interpretation • Flushing Bay, Jamaica Bay, Gowanus Aggregates Volume for Secondary Channels 4000 Companies Interviewed 3000 • Tilcon, Peckham, RCA Asphalt, NYCDOT, 2000 1000 Inwood Material Terminal, Seville Ready Mix, ,000 tons Empire Transit Mix 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 • NYCDOT terminal in Flushing is being renovated 1993 to receive waterborne aggregates Data source: USACE 8 Commodities: Fuel Source/Origin • Fuel originates from terminals in New Jersey and Staten Island via pipeline or rail Industry Trends • Fuel users transitioning to other fuels (natural gas, renewables) • Fuel efficiency increasing (boilers and engines) • Barges continue to supplement pipeline transportation for redundancy (e.g. JFK airport via Tug and fuel barge on Newtown Creek Buckeye Pipeline) Photo Credit: Mitch Waxman • Oil companies selling facilities (e.g. BP selling property on Newtown Creek) • Some facilities owned by regional/national Fuel Volume for Secondary Channels companies: Motiva, Sprague 5000 • Other facilities owned by local companies: Bayside 4000 Fuel, Schildwachter, Skaggs 3000 2000 Major Locations ,000 tons 1000 • Newtown Creek, Gowanus, Jamaica Bay 0 2010 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 1993 Companies Interviewed Crude Petroleum Gasoline • Bayside Fuel, Sprague, Schildwachter, Skaggs Kerosene Distillate Fuel Oil Residual Fuel Oil Alcohols Data source: USACE 9 Commodities: Scrap Metal & Waste Source/Origin • Scrap metal and waste collected in NYC for export Industry Trends • Transition to (residential) recycling • Increased use of barges and rail • DSNY to have four MTS by 2019: Flushing Bay (QN), Hamilton Ave (BK), E 91st Street (MN), Southwest Brooklyn • Once complete, additional 1.3M tons expected on secondary Recyclables barge on Newtown Creek (Sims) waterways Photo Credit: Mitch Waxman • Visy Paper on Staten Island processes Scrap Metal and Waste Volumes for Secondary City paper, move toward single stream Waterways possible 3000 2001: Closure of • Sims under contract to DSNY for 2000 Fresh Kills Landfill recyclables 1000 Major locations ‘000 tons • Newton Creek, Bronx River 0 Companies Interviewed 2015 1999 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 • Sims Municipal Recycling, Inwood Waste & Scrap (Not Elsewhere Classified) Iron & Steel Scrap Material Terminal Iron and Steel prices increase 2015: 1.8M of 3M total tons of four fold between 2002 and DSNY residential and institutional 1. Source: http://www.nypress.com/when-times- 1 2 get-tough-the-tough-get-rolling/ 2012 waste moved via rail or water 10 2. City Limits. DSNY. Why do businesses choose to use water transportation? . Cost effective compared to trucking for most bulk commodities that are heavy and inexpensive (price per unit) . Businesses can locate closer to customers/end users in urban areas (e.g. Sprague Energy) and reduce transportation costs - Savings of $10.67/ton when shipped via barge compared to 1 Sprague Energy on Eastchester Creek trucking Photo Courtesy: Sprague.com - That saves approximately $44,000,000 for NYC businesses . Best for transporting goods that are not time sensitive (construction material, aggregates) - Not subject to roadway congestion Hamilton Asphalt (NYCDOT) on Gowanus Creek 1. Source: Port of Victoria, Texas 11 Water Freight Tonnages 2014, by location 1200 • Newtown Creek is #1 borough waterway in NYC by tonnage, Gowanus Creek 1000 and Channel #2 NYCEDC to focus • Both designated as 800 on these locations Superfund Sites in 2010, now managed by US EPA 600 • Once a waterway transports tons ‘000 over 1M tons/year, it is 400 considered “high use” by the Army Corps, however this in 200 an informal guideline, among other criteria 0 • Hitting 1M tons/yr does not ensure waterway is guaranteed to be dredged, but increases likelihood Aggregate Fuel Waste & Scrap Other Other = timber Gowanus Creek Channel and Canal volumes combined, though USACE classifies as two different waterways Data source: USACE 12 Newtown Creek – 8 businesses using the waterway Nycon Supply Corp Channel Characteristics • Superfund site Sims • Authorized depth: 12’ to 23’ Motiva Ferrara Bros • Current depth: 3’ to 16’ • Last dredged: 1951, 80,000 CY Allocco Recycling Metro Fuel
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