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Historical Background of the Trust TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF SYSTEMATICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 16 ‒ special issue ‒ The “Iron Gates” Nature Park Editors Maria Pătroescu, Angela Curtean-Bănăduc & Doru Bănăduc Sibiu ‒ Romania 2014 TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF SYSTEMATICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 16 - special issue - The “Iron Gates” Nature Park Editors Maria Pătroescu, Angela Curtean-Bănăduc & Doru Bănăduc “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment Protection and Physics “Iron Gates” “Lucian Blaga” Ecotur WWF Nature University Sibiu Reșiţa Park of Sibiu N.G.O. Sibiu ‒ Romania 2014 Editorial assistans: Emily ADAMS Elsner Research and Consulting, Zürich – Switzerland. John Robert AKEROYD Sherkin Island Marine Station, Sherkin Island – Ireland. Christelle BENDER Poitiers University, Poitiers – France. Alexandru BURCEA University of Bucharest, Bucharest – Romania. Kevin CIANFAGLIONE University of Camerino, Camerino – Italy. Andréa GALOTTI CEACTierra – University of Jaén, Jaén – Spain. Oriana IRIMIA-HURDUGAN “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi, Iaşi – Romania. Marian JIPLEA “Iron Gates” Nature Park, Coronini – Romania. Harald KUTZENBERGER International Association for Danube Research, Wilhering – Austria. Sanda MAICAN Romanian Academy, Biology Institute of Bucharest, Bucharest – Romania. Erin MCNEANYE Horry Georgetown Technical College, South Carolina – United States of America. Nathaniel PAGE Agriculture Development and Environmental Protection in Transylvania Foundation, East Knoyle – United Kingdom. Skyler PAULI Montana University, Missula – United States of America. Milca PETROVICI West University of Timişoara, Timişoara – Romania. Brandy STEELE Columbia College, Myrtie Beach – United States of America. Austin WALKER Montana University, Missula ‒ United States of America. Scientifical Reviewers: Doru BĂNĂDUC “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Sibiu ‒ Romania. Jürg BLOESCH International Association for Danube Research, Dübendorf ‒ Switzerland. Bill CHAMBERS Liverpool “Hope” University, Liverpool ‒ United Kingdom. Christopher Jonatan CLEAL National Museum of Wales, Cardiff ‒ United Kingdom Angela CURTEAN-BĂNĂDUC “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Sibiu ‒ Romania. Thomas HEIN University of Vienna, Vienna ‒ Austria. Andrea GALOTTI University of Jaén, Jaén ‒ Spain. Mirjana LENHARDT Institute for Biological Research, Belgrade ‒ Serbia. Letiţia OPREAN “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Sibiu ‒ Romania. Maria PĂTROESCU Bucharest University, Bucharest ‒ Romania. Sonia Rey PLANELLAS University of Stirling, Stirling ‒ United Kingdom. Eckbert SCHNEIDER Karlsruhe University, Institute for Waters and River Basin Management, Rastatt ‒ Germany. Teodora TRICHKOVA Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Sofia – Bulgaria. Editorial Office: "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment Protection, Dr. Ion Raţiu Street 5-7, Sibiu, Sibiu County, Romania, RO-550012, Angela Curtean-Bănăduc ([email protected], [email protected]) The responsability for the published data belong to the authors. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Editors of Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research/Transylv. Rev. Syst. Ecol. Res. (ISSN 1841 – 7051). Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16. The “Iron Gates” Nature Park 2014 CONTENTS Preface The Editors Lepidophloios acerosus Lindley and Hutton 1831 in the Carboniferous Cucuiova formation, “Iron Gates” Natural Park (Banat, Romania); Mihai Emilian POPA .............................................................................. 1. Phytogeographical importance of the mountains along the Danube gap valley and surrounding area; Erika SCHNEIDER-BINDER ................................................................. 11. Morphometric analysis to extrapolate geoecological potential of the rivers in the “Iron Gates” Natural Park (Banat, Romania); Cristian TETELEA .................................................................................. 29. Microclimate observation at Hermann’s tortoise (Testudo hermanni boettgeri) habitat in the “Iron Gates” Natural Park. Case study: Lower Eșelniţa Watershed (Banat, Romania); Cristiana-Maria CIOCANEA, Athanasios-Alexandru GAVRILIDIS and Vasile BAGRINOVSCHI ................................................................................................... 47. The current state of phyto-coenological research in the “Iron Gates” Danube Gorge (Banat, Romania); Constantin DRĂGULESCU .................................................................... 59. Orchidaceae L. Family in the “Iron Gates” Park (Romania); Sretco MILANOVICI ............................................................................... 65. Particularities of the aquatic vegetation from Iron Gates Natura 2000 Site (Banat, Romania). Irina GOIA and Adrian OPREA ............................................................. 87. Geographic origins of invasive alien species in “Iron Gates” Natural Park (Banat, Romania); Irina GOIA, Cristiana-Maria CIOCANEA and Athanasios-Alexandru GAVRILIDIS ..................................................................................................................... 115. Land snail fauna of “Porţile de Fier” (“Iron Gates”) Nature Park; Voichiṭa GHEOCA .................................................................................. 131. Preliminary data on the ecological requirements of the invasive Spiny-Cheek crayfish in the lower Danube; Mălina PÎRVU and Angheluṭă VĂDINEANU ......................................... 139. Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the northern tributaries of the “Iron Gates” Gorge (Danube River); Angela CURTEAN-BĂNĂDUC ............................................................... 151. The “Porţile de Fier/Iron Gates” Nature Park (Romania) some Danube northern tributaries fish fauna; Doru BĂNĂDUC and Angela CURTEAN-BĂNĂDUC ........................... 165. “Porţile de Fier”/“Iron Gates” Gorges area (Danube) fish fauna; Doru BĂNĂDUC, Angela BĂNĂDUC, Mirjana LENHARDT and Gabor GUTI ...................................................................................................................... 171. Analysing landscape fragmentation and classifying threats for habitats of Community interest in the “Iron Gates” Natural Park (Romania); Mihăiţă-Iulian NICULAE, Mihai Răzvan NIŢĂ and Gabriel VANĂU ... 197. Spatial and temporal dynamic of rural and urban lanscapes identified in the “Iron Gates” Natural Park; Mihăiţă-Iulian NICULAE, Mihai Răzvan NIŢĂ, Gabriel VANĂU, Cristiana CIOCANEA and Athanasios GAVRILIDIS ....................................................... 211. Preface The “Iron Gates” Nature Park/Parcul Natural “Porţile de Fier” is one of the richest, most diverse and complex areas of species, habitats and ecosystems in the Danube River basin. The many groups of humans taking advantage of the natural products and services in the area illustrates the route that local communities have taken through emergence, expansion, and progress through history, using their neighborhood natural resources, adapting and evolving in relation to each region’s particular structural and functional attributes. The “Iron Gates” transboundary (Romanian-Serbian) area, located on both sides of the Romanian- Serbian national border, here demarcated by the Danube River, significantly highlights and exemplifies this history. This unique landscape has a high variability in terms of minerals, geological structures, relief, climate, habitats, biocoenosis and ecosystems. Conservation of these features is a key goal, and provides a reason for the development of long term studies of the area. This volume is a modest tribute to a long history of naturalists involved in local and regional knowledge acquisition and protection of this unique site. The study area is one of the most special areas in the Danube River basin, with a remarkable variety of plant and animal organisms, showing that the interaction between humans and nature has not deteriorated the area’s natural values. This relationship of co- existence should be preserved in order to encourage the conservation of the area, as a welcome good practice example for the whole Danube Basin. “Iron Gates” Nature Park localization ( ) on the Romanian national territory map (Badea et al., 1983 ‒ modified). The consistent long term initiatives and efforts of dedicated professionals to conserve this area’s nature values culminated in the declaration of the Romanian “Porţile de Fier” Natural Park in 2000 on the northern Danube bank and of the Serbian “Djerdap” National Park on the southern bank. The editors of the Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research scientific series use this opportunity to support/present the authors who carry out research in the “Iron Gates” Nature Park area. The interest shown, the diversity and quality of research activities and notably the data acquired, have made new contributions to the conservation of this exquisite protected area. They have also significantly improved the database used for management planning for the “Iron Gates” Nature Park. Hence, the editors of this scientific publication believe that it should be helpful to bring together all the new available scientific research on this park into one volume that will represent
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