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Editors' Introduction Douglas A
Editors' Introduction Douglas A. Anderson Michael D. C. Drout Verlyn Flieger Tolkien Studies, Volume 7, 2010 Published by West Virginia University Press Editors’ Introduction This is the seventh issue of Tolkien Studies, the first refereed journal solely devoted to the scholarly study of the works of J.R.R. Tolkien. As editors, our goal is to publish excellent scholarship on Tolkien as well as to gather useful research information, reviews, notes, documents, and bibliographical material. In this issue we are especially pleased to publish Tolkien’s early fiction “The Story of Kullervo” and the two existing drafts of his talk on the Kalevala, transcribed and edited with notes and commentary by Verlyn Flieger. With this exception, all articles have been subject to anonymous, ex- ternal review as well as receiving a positive judgment by the Editors. In the cases of articles by individuals associated with the journal in any way, each article had to receive at least two positive evaluations from two different outside reviewers. Reviewer comments were anonymously conveyed to the authors of the articles. The Editors agreed to be bound by the recommendations of the outside referees. The Editors also wish to call attention to the Cumulative Index to vol- umes one through five of Tolkien Studies, compiled by Jason Rea, Michael D.C. Drout, Tara L. McGoldrick, and Lauren Provost, with Maryellen Groot and Julia Rende. The Cumulative Index is currently available only through the online subscription database Project Muse. Douglas A. Anderson Michael D. C. Drout Verlyn Flieger v Abbreviations B&C Beowulf and the Critics. -
Finnish Studies
Journal of Finnish Studies Volume 23 Number 1 November 2019 ISSN 1206-6516 ISBN 978-1-7328298-1-7 JOURNAL OF FINNISH STUDIES EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE Journal of Finnish Studies, Department of English, 1901 University Avenue, Evans 458, Box 2146, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TEXAS 77341-2146, USA Tel. 1.936.294.1420; Fax 1.936.294.1408 E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL STAFF Helena Halmari, Editor-in-Chief, Sam Houston State University [email protected] Hanna Snellman, Co-Editor, University of Helsinki [email protected] Scott Kaukonen, Assoc. Editor, Sam Houston State University [email protected] Hilary-Joy Virtanen, Asst. Editor, Finlandia University [email protected] Sheila Embleton, Book Review Editor, York University [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Börje Vähämäki, Founding Editor, JoFS, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto Raimo Anttila, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles Michael Branch, Professor Emeritus, University of London Thomas DuBois, Professor, University of Wisconsin, Madison Sheila Embleton, Distinguished Research Professor, York University Aili Flint, Emerita Senior Lecturer, Associate Research Scholar, Columbia University Tim Frandy, Assistant Professor, Western Kentucky University Daniel Grimley, Professor, Oxford University Titus Hjelm, Associate Professor, University of Helsinki Daniel Karvonen, Senior Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Johanna Laakso, Professor, University of Vienna Jason Lavery, Professor, Oklahoma State University James P. Leary, Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin, Madison Andrew Nestingen, Associate Professor, University of Washington, Seattle Jyrki Nummi, Professor, University of Helsinki Jussi Nuorteva, Director General, The National Archives of Finland Juha Pentikäinen, Professor, University of Lapland Oiva Saarinen, Professor Emeritus, Laurentian University, Sudbury Beth L. -
September- October 2015
K i r k k o p u l l e t i i n i OF FINNISH LUTHERAN CHURCH September- October 2015 The Theory of Relativity Fyysinen maailmankuvamme perustuu Einsteinin tunnetuksi tekemään suhteellisuusteoriaan. Sen mukaan ei ole olemassa mitään absoluuttista nopeutta tai asiaa, jonka mukaan liike voitaisiin laskea. Liike on aina suhteessa johonkin. Auton nopeudeksi moottoritiellä suhteessa maahan voidaan mitata 70 mph, mutta sama nopeus ei päde enää suhteessa auton ja auringon tai auton ja galaksimme keskustan suhteen. Kaikki on suhteellista. Jeesus näytti olevan hyvin perillä suhteellisuusteoriasta. Hän muun muassa kertoi temppelin uhriarkkuun ainoan roponsa (2 lanttia) lahjoittaneen lesken antaneen suhteessa enemmän kuin rikkaat, jotka antoivat määrällisesti paljon: ”Kaikki muut antoivat liiastaan, mutta hän antoi vähästään, kaiken mitä hänellä oli, kaiken mitä hän elääkseen tarvitsi.” (Mk 12:44). Muistammeko tämän opetuksen kun näemme keskuudessamme vähäosaisia tai kun ihastelemme aikamme miljonäärejä ja heidän hyväntekeväisyyttään? On kyse sitten rahasta, ajasta tai lahjoistamme, lopputulosta tärkeämpää lienee sydämen asenteemme — se mistä annamme, kuinka teemme ja miten kohtelemme lähimmäisiämme. Ihminen on myös suhteessa Jumalaan, absoluuttiseen keskipisteeseen, joka on kaiken hyvyyden lähde, muuttumaton totuus, oikeudenmukaisuus — kaikkivaltias Jumala. Voi tuntua jopa pelottavalta ajatella Jumalan valtasuuruutta, mutta on varmasti tarpeellista ajoittain, että ihminen joutuu tuntemaan vastuunsa ja suhteensa maailmankaikkeuden Herralle. Kaikki tekomme ja ajatuksemme kun eivät miellytä Jumalaa tai edistä hänen kunniaansa tässä maailmassa. Suhde Jumalaan ei ole onneksi kuitenkaan ihmisen ja hänen tekojensa varassa. Jumala itse on myös suhteessa ihmiseen ainoan Poikansa Jeesuksen kautta. Tässä suhteessa ihminen joutuu tunnustamaan oman vajavaisuutensa, erehtyväisyytensä, jopa pimeytensä. Näin tehdessään ihminen saa kuitenkin ottaa lahjana vastaan puhtaan omantunnon, ilon ja rauhan. -
The Transformation of an Oral Poem in Elias Lönnrot's Kalevala
Oral Tradition, 8/2 (1993): 247-288 From Maria to Marjatta: The Transformation of an Oral Poem in Elias Lönnrot’s Kalevala1 Thomas DuBois The question of Elias Lönnrot’s role in shaping the texts that became his Kalevala has stirred such frequent and vehement debate in international folkloristic circles that even persons with only a passing interest in the subject of Finnish folklore have been drawn to the question. Perhaps the notion of academic fraud in particular intrigues those of us engaged in the profession of scholarship.2 And although anyone who studies Lönnrot’s life and endeavors will discover a man of utmost integrity, it remains difficult to reconcile the extensiveness of Lönnrot’s textual emendations with his stated desire to recover and present the ancient epic traditions of the Finnish people. In part, the enormity of Lönnrot’s project contributes to the failure of scholars writing for an international audience to pursue any analysis beyond broad generalizations about the author’s methods of compilation, 1 Research for this study was funded in part by a grant from the Graduate School Research Fund of the University of Washington, Seattle. 2 Comparetti (1898) made it clear in this early study of Finnish folk poetry that the Kalevala bore only partial resemblance to its source poems, a fact that had become widely acknowledged within Finnish folkoristic circles by that time. The nationalist interests of Lönnrot were examined by a number of international scholars during the following century, although Lönnrot’s fairly conservative views on Finnish nationalism became equated at times with the more strident tone of the turn of the century, when the Kalevala was made an inspiration and catalyst for political change (Mead 1962; Wilson 1976; Cocchiara 1981:268-70; Turunen 1982). -
Magic Songs of the West Finns, Volume 1 by John Abercromby
THE PRE- AND PROTO-HISTORIC FINNS BOTH EASTERN AND WESTERN WITH THE MAGIC SONGS OF THE WEST FINNS BY THE HONOURABLE JOHN ABERCROMBY IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. I. 1898 Magic Songs of the West Finns, Volume 1 by John Abercromby. This edition was created and published by Global Grey ©GlobalGrey 2018 globalgreyebooks.com CONTENTS Preface The Value Of Additional Letters Of The Alphabet Full Titles Of Books Consulted And Referred To Illustrations Chapter 1. Geographical Position And Craniology Of The Finns Chapter 2. The Neolithic Age In Finland Chapter 3. Historical Notices Of Classical Authors Chapter 4. The Prehistoric Civilisation Of The Finns Chapter 5. The Third Or Iranian Period Chapter 6. Beliefs Of The West Finns As Exhibited In The Magic Songs 1 PREFACE In this country the term Finn is generally restricted to the natives of Finland, with perhaps those of Esthonia thrown in. But besides these Western Finns there are other small nationalities in Central and Northern Russia, such as the Erza and Mokša Mordvins, the Čeremis, Votiaks, Permians, and Zịrians, to whom the term is very properly applied, though with the qualifying adjective—Eastern. Except by Folklorists, little attention is paid in Great Britain to these peoples, and much that is written of them abroad finds no response here, the 'silver streak' acting, it would seem, as a non-conductor to such unsensational and feeble vibrations. Although the languages of the Eastern and Western Finns differ as much perhaps among themselves as the various members of the Aryan group, the craniological and physical differences between any two Finnish groups is very much less than between the Latin and the Teutonic groups, for instance. -
Web Fact Sheets
Jaakko Mäntyjärvi ================= Kosijat (2001) The suitors 0. Intro 1. Aurinko (The Sun) 2. Kuu (The Moon) 3. Pohjantähti (The North Star) Ensemble :: Kokoonpano 4xS 4xA 4xT 4xB (16) Duration :: Kesto 20 min Publisher :: Kustantaja Sulasol S775 Text :: Teksti Kanteletar FI Commissioned by :: Tilaaja The Esoterics, Seattle (Washington), USA Premiere :: Kantaesitys The Esoterics / Eric Banks Seattle xi.2001 About Finnish folk poetry Suomettaren kosijat on siitä mielenkiintoinen teksti, että se on Serious interest in ancient Finnish folk kutakuinkin ainoa suomalainen kansanruno, poetry emerged in the early 19th century jossa aurinko ja kuu käsitellään with the development of the National erillisinä. Yleensä ne esiintyvät aina Romantic movement in Finland. This is not parina (”ei päivä paista eikä kuu to say that the oral tradition was kumota”). Niinpä tämä teksti sopi unfamiliar to scholars before that; for erinomaisesti tilaukseen, jonka Eric example, Henrik Gabriel Porthan (1739- Banks esitti minulle Corkin 1804) brought Finnish history-writing, kansainvälisellä kuorofestivaalilla study of mythology and folk poetry and toukokuussa 2000. Hänen kuoronsa (The other humanistic sciences to an Esoterics) tulevan vuoden konserttisarjan international level and sparked public teemana oli aurinko, kuu ja tähdet. Se, interest in what later came to be known miksi hän sitten halusi kuorolleen 20- as Kalevala poetry and Finnish mythology. minuuttisen teoksen suomeksi, on edelleen minulle arvoitus, mutta erittäin hyvin he Finland had become an autonomous Grand tehtävästä selviytyivät. Duchy in the Russian Empire in 1809, having been part of the Kingdom of Sweden Suomalaisille esittäjille ja kuulijoille before that, and this contributed in no on päivänselvää, missä määrin tämä teos small way to the National Romantic nojaa kalevalaiseen perinteeseen. -
The Songlands of the Kalevala
© I.K. INHA JUMINKEKO In Kainuu, the trees reach up to the sky and the dappled light filters down through their branches. The murmuring of forest streams and the soothing hum of the verdant forest greet you and lead you to the mystical beauty of this northern wilder- ness. It is here you find the inspiration for the Finnish national epic, The Kalevala. The Kalevala is the Finnish national epic compiled from old Finnish ballads, lyrical songs, and oral poetry, all part of Finn- ish tradition. The Kalevala was compiled by Elias Lönnrot who published the folk material in two editions. Kalevala, the dwelling place of the poem’s chief characters, is a poetic LOCAL DELICACIES name for Finland, meaning “land of heroes.” The leader of the “sons of Kaleva” is the wise old Väinämöinen, a powerful sage with intuitive powers, who is a master of the kantele, a Finnish stringed instrument. In the Songlands of the Kalevala, you tread the paths once tak- en by Elias Lönnrot, and witness first hand where the Karelian artists of the Kalevala found their inspiration. Kuhmo brings the Kalevala to life, with history and modernity living side by side. Kuhmo is a UNESCO City of Literature be- ROWING A cause of the Kalevala. Maybe you will be the one who finally CHURCH BOAT solves the great riddle of our national epic: “Goes round the sun, goes round the moon, but cannot go round juminkeko.” Could it really be about Polaris? You may reflect on this conundrum whilst enjoying a tradition- al Kalevala dinner and learning about fishing lures and ancient hunting rhymes. -
PANTHEON Finnois
PANTHEON OUGRO-FINNOIS AARNIVALKEA: flamme éternelle qui marque l'emplacement d'un trésor enterré. AHTI (ou Ahto): dieu des eaux, des lacs, des rivières et des mers et de la pêche. AJATTARA (ou Ajatar): esprit maléfique des forêts. AKKA: (vielle femme) déesse-mère de la fécondité féminine, de la sexualité et des moissons, consort de Ukko ÄKRÄS: dieu de la Fertilité et de la Végétation. ANTERO VIPUNEN: géant défunt, protecteur de la Connaissance et de la Magie. ATHOLA : château d’Athi. HALTIA: esprit, gnome, gardien d’une personne ou d’un lieu. Maan-haltiat (esprits terrestres), Veden-haltiat (esprits de l'eau), et Ilman-haltiat (esprits de l'air) HIISI : démon, gobelin et homme de main de Lempo. IHTIRIEKO: protecteur des enfants illégitimes privés de vie. IKU-TURSO: monstre marin maléfique sans doute identique à Tursas. ILMA : dieu de l'air, père d’Ilmatar. ILMARINEN : grand forgeron qui créa le ciel et le Sampo. ILMATAR: esprit féminin de l'air, créatrice du Monde; Mère de Väinämöinen dans le Kalevala. JOUKAHAINEN : garçon qui défia Vâinâmôinen à un concours de chant. JUMALA : nom générique des divinités majeures ; dieu. KALEVANPOIKA : géant qui abattit les forêts et faucha les immenses prairies. En Estonie : Kalevipoeg. KAVE: ancien dieu du ciel puis divinité du cycle lunaire. Père de Väinämöinen. KALEVALA : grande épopée composée par Elias Lönnrot au milieu du XIXe siècle. KALMA : déesse de la Mort et de Décomposition. KANTELE : magie faite à partir de la gueule d’un brochet par Väinämöinen. KIED-KIE-JUBMEL: dieu des troupeaux de rennes KILLIKKI : épouse de Lemminkainen qui aimait faire la fête KIPU-TYTTÖ : déesse de la Mort et de la Maladie, sœur de Kivutar, Vammatar, et Loviatar. -
Curse Upon Iron Veljo Tormis
CURSE UPON IRON WORKS FOR MALE CHOIR BY VELJO TORMIS ORPHEI DRÄNGAR CECILIA RYDINGER ALIN VELJO TORMIS | © TÕNU TORMIS BIS-SACD-1993 BIS-SACD-1993_f-b.indd 1 2012-05-16 12.55 TORMIS, Veljo (b. 1930) 1 Incantatio maris aestuosi (1996) 5'48 Incantation for a Stormy Sea Texts: from the Kalevala; Latin version: Tuomo Pekkanen 2 Kord me tuleme tagasi (Meie varjud) (1969/1991) 3'17 Once We Will Reappear (Our Shadows) Text: Jaan Kaplinski 3 Kolm mul oli kaunist sõna (1962) 5'58 I Had Three Beautiful Words Text: Paul-Eerik Rummo Andreas Alin flute Vastlalaulud (1967) 5'18 Shrovetide Songs Texts: trad. 4 I. Vistel-vastel 1'21 5 II. Lina loitsimine (Spell upon Flax) 2'05 6 III. Liulaskmise-laul (Sledding Song) 1'45 7 Pikse litaania (1974) 5'15 Litany to Thunder for male chorus, soloists and bass drum Text: Ain Kaalep Gunnar Sundberg tenor · Henrik Stolare baritone · Magnus Einarsson bass drum 8 Viru vanne (1980) 4'10 The Viru Oath Text: Hando Runnel 2 9 Helletused (1982) 8'10 Childhood Memory – Herding Calls Text: trad. Elin Rombo soprano 10 Raua needmine (1972/1991) 10'34 Curse upon Iron Text: from the Kalevala, adapted and augmented by August Annist, Paul-Eerik Rummo and Jaan Kaplinski Gunnar Sundberg tenor · Henrik Stolare baritone · Folke Alin shaman drum 11 Muistse mere laulud (1979) 9'35 Songs of the Ancient Sea Text: trad. Magnus Sjögren tenor Hamleti laulud (1964) 8'22 Hamlet’s Songs Texts: Paul-Eerik Rummo 12 I. Meri tõmbus endasse… (The sea has retreated…) 5'33 13 II. -
Kalevala: Land of Heroes
U II 8 u II II I II 8 II II KALEVALA I) II u II I) II II THE LAND OF HEROES II II II II II u TRANSLATED BY W. F. KIRBY il II II II II II INTRODUCTION BY J. B. C. GRUNDY II II II II 8 II II IN TWO VOLS. VOLUME TWO No. 260 EVEWMAN'S ME VOLUME TWO 'As the Kalevala holds up its bright mirror to the life of the Finns moving among the first long shadows of medieval civilization it suggests to our minds the proto-twilight of Homeric Greece. Its historic background is the misty age of feud and foray between the people of Kaleva and their more ancient neighbours of Pohjola, possibly the Lapps. Poetically it recounts the long quest of that singular and prolific talisman, the Sampo, and ends upon the first note of Christianity, the introduction of which was completed in the fourteenth century. Heroic but human, its men and women march boldly through the fifty cantos, raiding, drinking, abducting, outwitting, weep- ing, but always active and always at odds with the very perils that confront their countrymen today: the forest, with its savage animals; its myriad lakes and rocks and torrents; wind, fire, and darkness; and the cold.' From the Introduction to this Every- man Edition by J. B. C. Grundy. The picture on the front of this wrapper by A . Gallen- Kallela illustrates the passage in the 'Kalevala' where the mother of Lemminkdinen comes upon the scattered limbs of her son by the banks of the River of Death. -
Nodes of Contemporary Finnish Literature
Nodes of Contemporary Finnish Literature Edited by Leena Kirstinä Studia Fennica Litteraria The Finnish Literature Society (SKS) was founded in 1831 and has, from the very beginning, engaged in publishing operations. It nowadays publishes literature in the fields of ethnology and folkloristics, linguistics, literary research and cultural history. The first volume of the Studia Fennica series appeared in 1933. Since 1992, the series has been divided into three thematic subseries: Ethnologica, Folkloristica and Linguistica. Two additional subseries were formed in 2002, Historica and Litteraria. The subseries Anthropologica was formed in 2007. In addition to its publishing activities, the Finnish Literature Society maintains research activities and infrastructures, an archive containing folklore and literary collections, a research library and promotes Finnish literature abroad. Studia fennica editorial board Markku Haakana, professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Timo Kaartinen, professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Kimmo Rentola, professor, University of Turku, Finland Riikka Rossi, docent, University of Helsinki, Finland Hanna Snellman, professor, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Lotte Tarkka, professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Tuomas M. S. Lehtonen, Secretary General, Dr. Phil., Finnish Literature Society, Finland Pauliina Rihto, secretary of the board, M. A., Finnish Literary Society, Finland Editorial Office SKS P.O. Box 259 FI-00171 Helsinki www.finlit.fi Nodes of Contemporary Finnish Literature Edited by Leena Kirstinä Finnish Literature Society • Helsinki Studia Fennica Litteraria 6 The publication has undergone a peer review. The open access publication of this volume has received part funding via a Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation grant. © 2012 Leena Kirstinä and SKS License CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International A digital edition of a printed book first published in 2012 by the Finnish Literature Society. -
{Download PDF} the Mythology Bible: the Definitive Guide to Legendary Tales Ebook, Epub
THE MYTHOLOGY BIBLE: THE DEFINITIVE GUIDE TO LEGENDARY TALES PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Sarah Bartlett | 400 pages | 01 Sep 2009 | Sterling Publishing Co Inc | 9781402770029 | English | New York, United States The Mythology Bible: The Definitive Guide to Legendary Tales PDF Book I felt it gives enough information to encourage you to look further into some myths and deities, and also nurtures further thought and is interesting enough to promote doing more research into some of the ideas presented, which isn't always the case for me reading non-fiction so I appreciate that quality. The shape of your hand--its whorls, fingerprints, lines, mounts, and The book has a lot of information on different religious gods and also a timeline showing when each religion came to be. Tuonetar is delighted to offer him a golden goblet of beer, but when he looks closer he can see it is really a black poison made of frog spawn, young poisonous snakes, lizards, adders, and worms. Learn how to enable JavaScript on your browser. I love the Godsfield Bible collection! Lisa rated it really liked it Sep 15, Encyclopedia of Death and the Human Experience. Relation with other religions. Modern Yoga Bible by Christina Brown. June 6, The greatest amphibious invasion the world had ever seen was launched, involving thousands of ships, incredible planning and preparation, and a million courageous soldiers, sailors, and airmen willing to sacrifice their lives for victory. Like many concepts in the book world, "series" is a somewhat fluid and contested notion. About this product Product Information The world's most fascinating gods and goddesses come to life in the pages of this beautifully illustrated book.