Fascismo Y Antifascismo. Peronismo Y Antiperonismo SEBASTIANI 10/4/06 09:59 Página 2

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Fascismo Y Antifascismo. Peronismo Y Antiperonismo SEBASTIANI 10/4/06 09:59 Página 2 SEBASTIANI 10/4/06 09:59 Página 1 Marcela García Sebastiani (ed.) Fascismo y antifascismo. Peronismo y antiperonismo SEBASTIANI 10/4/06 09:59 Página 2 B I B L I O T H E C A I B E R O - A M E R I C A N A Publicaciones del Instituto Ibero-Americano Fundación Patrimonio Cultural Prusiano Vol. 106 SEBASTIANI 10/4/06 09:59 Página 3 B I B L I O T H E C A I B E R O - A M E R I C A N A Marcela García Sebastiani (ed.) Fascismo y antifascismo Peronismo y antiperonismo Conflictos políticos e ideológicos en la Argentina (1930-1955) Iberoamericana ● Vervuert ● 2006 SEBASTIANI 10/4/06 09:59 Página 4 Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the internet at http://dnb.ddb.de © Iberoamericana 2006 Amor de Dios, 1, E-28014 Madrid Tel. +34 91 4293522 Fax +34 91 4295397 © Vervuert Verlag 2006 Wielandstr. 40, D-60318 Frankfurt am Main Tel. +49 69 5974617 Fax +49 69 5978743 [email protected] www.ibero-americana.net ISSN 0067-8015 ISBN 84-8489-224-7 ISBN 3-86527-254-1 Reservados todos los derechos Diseño de la cubierta: Michael Ackermann Foto de la cubierta: Marcelo Alfaro Este libro está impreso integramente en papel ecológico blanqueado sin cloro Depósito legal Impreso en España SEBASTIANI 10/4/06 09:59 Página 5 Índice Marcela García Sebastiani Presentación ........................................................................................... 7 Bibliografía citada ............................................................................. 12 Marcus Klein The Political Lives and Times of Enrique P. Osés (1928-1944) ........ 13 Introduction ....................................................................................... 13 The “Divine Truths” of the Catholic Church .................................... 15 ¡Heil Hitler! ....................................................................................... 18 In the Service of the Anti-Argentine Propaganda ............................. 26 The Last Struggle .............................................................................. 35 Final Remarks .................................................................................... 36 Bibliography and References ............................................................ 37 Ricardo Pasolini ‘La internacional del espíritu’: la cultura antifascista y las redes de solidaridad intelectual en la Argentina de los años treinta ............... 43 Introducción ....................................................................................... 43 El exilio de los universitarios judío-italianos .................................... 47 Un nuevo internacionalismo .............................................................. 52 La AIAPE o las relaciones entre comunismo y nación ..................... 55 La revista Hechos e Ideas o el antifascismo de los intelectuales de la Unión Cívica Radical .................................................................... 60 El Colegio Libre de Estudios Superiores o la red antifascista de los intelectuales “no comunistas” ............................................................ 63 Consideraciones finales ..................................................................... 70 Bibliografía y fuentes citadas ............................................................ 71 Jorge Nállim Del antifascismo al antiperonismo: Argentina Libre, ...Antinazi y el surgimiento del antiperonismo político e intelectual ......................... 77 Por la democracia y el antifascismo: Argentina Libre y la primera Unión Democrática, 1940-1943 ........................................................ 78 Del antifascismo al antiperonismo: el régimen militar de 1943, Ar- gentina Libre y ...Antinazi, 1943-1946 .............................................. 92 Consideraciones finales: “Sueños de prosperidad y despertar mise- rable” ................................................................................................. 101 Bibliografía y fuentes citadas ............................................................ 103 SEBASTIANI 10/4/06 09:59 Página 6 Daniel Lvovich El golpe de Estado de 1943, Perón y el problema del antisemitismo 107 Cuestión judía y antisemitismo en la Argentina de la década de 1930 110 Antiliberalismo y antisemitismo en el régimen militar de 1943-1946 115 El coronel Perón: entre el realismo político y las acusaciones de antisemitismo ..................................................................................... 124 Bibliografía y fuentes citadas ............................................................ 128 Eduardo Elena The Promise of Planning: Technocracy and Populism in the Making of Peronist Argentina ............................................................................ 133 Envisioning the Postwar .................................................................... 137 Peronist Planning ............................................................................... 143 Planning and Populism ...................................................................... 149 Final Remarks .................................................................................... 156 Bibliography and References ............................................................ 157 Flavia Fiorucci El antiperonismo intelectual: de la guerra ideológica a la guerra espiritual ................................................................................................. 161 Introducción ....................................................................................... 161 El principio del consenso .................................................................. 162 La profecía cumplida ......................................................................... 168 Perón en el poder ............................................................................... 170 La Represión contra “la vida del espíritu” ........................................ 180 Un pasado glorioso ............................................................................ 186 Consideraciones finales ..................................................................... 188 Bibliografía y fuentes citadas ............................................................ 190 Marcela García Sebastiani Radicales y socialistas en la Argentina peronista (1946-1955) .......... 195 Introducción ....................................................................................... 195 La Unión Democrática: una tradición de unidad interpartidaria ....... 199 Peronistas y radicales en el Congreso Nacional ................................ 203 Los radicales de la provincia de Buenos Aires ................................. 210 Socialistas y antiperonistas ................................................................ 216 Consideraciones finales: la oposición a partir de las elecciones de 1951 ................................................................................................... 221 Bibliografía y fuentes citadas ............................................................ 228 Índice de nombres ................................................................................. 235 Autores ................................................................................................... 241 SEBASTIANI 10/4/06 09:59 Página 7 Presentación El presente volumen recoge una serie de trabajos estudios en una mesa de traba- jo celebrada en el marco del XXXIII International Congress of the Latin Ameri- can Studies Association en Washington en septiembre de 2001. En aquella oca- sión, bajo la presentación del profesor Eduardo Zimmermann de la Universidad de San Andrés de la provincia de Buenos Aires, nos reunimos una serie de inves- tigadores desperdigados por el mundo que dedicábamos nuestro esfuerzo inte- lectual a diferentes facetas en relación con los conflictos políticos e ideológicos de la Argentina entre 1930 y 1955. Un periodo aquél de cambios y modificacio- nes, signado tanto por la eclosión, renovación y acomodamiento de corrientes y movimientos nacionalistas, antiliberales y de carácter autoritario como por el desesperado esfuerzo de subsistencia de los valores, voces y tradiciones políti- cas del liberalismo por entonces amenazados desde diferentes frentes pero que pugnaban por recuperar las señas de identidad que habían configurado los vaive- nes de la política argentina de tiempos pasados para evitar su franca retirada.1 Más tarde, se sumaron a esa primera puesta en común las investigaciones de otros especialistas aportando nuevas lecturas y complementarias miradas en torno a problemas propios de aquellos años. El resultado que se presenta es una serie de ensayos que, sin ánimo de agotar las líneas de investigación abordadas, constituyen aportaciones novedosas y actualizadas, y en cierto modo muestras de trabajos más amplios, para entender y ampliar las visiones de la política y de las ideas cambiantes de unos años convulsos y cruciales para la evolución poste- rior de la vida argentina. Y lo hacen desde enfoques interdisciplinarios y desde las flexibles fronteras de la historia política, intelectual y cultural. A pesar de la diversidad temática de los trabajos reunidos con un criterio cronológico, todos tienen en común muchos aspectos y un hilo conductor. Todos testimonian la fuerte tensión a lo largo de esos años entre concepciones distintas, y por momentos irreconciliables, para interpretar la realidad argenti- na y diseñar soluciones a la luz de los cambios políticos
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