Maize Sector Assessment and Strategy 2016
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MAIZE SECTOR ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY NEPAL AGRICULTURAL MARKET DEVLOPMENT PROGRAMME (NAMDP) 2016 Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................... 1 List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Glossary/ terminologies .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Background .................................................................................................................................................... 6 Sector Description .......................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Basic information .................................................................................................................................. 7 2.1.1 International context .................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 National context ........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Sector Dynamics .................................................................................................................................. 12 2.2.1 Sector Map ................................................................................................................................. 12 2.2.2 Dynamics of the Core Functions ................................................................................................. 13 2.2.3 Dynamics of the Support Functions ........................................................................................... 22 2.2.4 Rules, Regulations and Government Programmes ..................................................................... 29 Analysis ........................................................................................................................................................ 32 3.1 Problems in the core functions and underlying constraints ............................................................... 32 3.2 Opportunities and sector drivers ........................................................................................................ 36 Rationale for working in the sector: summary analysis ............................................................................... 38 Strategy for Change ..................................................................................................................................... 41 5.1 Prioritisation and selection of constraints to be addressed ............................................................... 41 5.2 Vision of change .................................................................................................................................. 42 5.3 Intervention Areas and Pathways to Systemic Change ....................................................................... 42 5.4 Sustainability Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 53 List of Figures Figure 1: Sector Map of Maize in Nepal ............................................................................................................... 12 Figure 2: Dynamics of core function in the Ramechhap District .......................................................................... 14 Figure 3: Dynamics of the core function in Okhaldhunga .................................................................................... 15 Figure 4: Dynamics of the core function in Dailekh .............................................................................................. 17 Figure 5: Dynamics of the core function in Jajarkot ............................................................................................. 18 Figure 6: Core function dynamics in Surkhet Distric ............................................................................................. 19 Figure 7: Demand supply scenario of maize in the national context ................................................................... 21 Figure 8: Flow of maize grain in Nepal ................................................................................................................. 22 Figure 9: Dynamics of maize seed in the project district ...................................................................................... 23 Figure 10: Constraint Tree .................................................................................................................................... 32 Figure 11: The three lens of rationale for working the maize sector ................................................................... 38 Page | 1 List of Tables Table 1: World Status of maize harvested hectare, production and yield and their in % ...................................... 7 Table 2: Production of Maize in 2013 ..................................................................................................................... 8 Table 3: Hectares of Maize in 2013 ........................................................................................................................ 8 Table 4: Productivity of Maize in 2013 ................................................................................................................... 8 Table 5: Area coverage, production and yield of maize in Nepal ........................................................................... 9 Table 7: Maize import and export status for last 53 years at the interval of 5 years’ periods in Nepal............... 11 Table 8: Number of maize varieties released and registered in Nepal and their yield range, including the Nepalese hybrids (SQCC, 2072) ............................................................................................................................ 24 Table 9: Fertiliser application by farmers ............................................................................................................. 25 Table 10: Distribution of land ............................................................................................................................... 27 Table 11: Trend of Maize production ................................................................................................................... 39 Page | 2 Abbreviations AIC Agriculture Input Company Ltd. ADS Agricultural Development Strategy CA Conservation Agriculture DADO District Agriculture Development Office DAG Dis-advantaged group EM Effective Microorganisms FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FYM Farm Yard Manure Ha Hectare IS Improved Seed LLP Low lift pump Msl Mean Sea Level MT Metric Tons NARC National Agriculture Research Council NGOs Non-Government Organisation NSB National Seed Board OP Open pollinated STCL Salt Trading Company Ltd. SQCC Seed Quality Control Centre TLS Truthfully levelled Seed Page | 3 Glossary/ terminologies Bari land: Refers to the un-irrigated rain fed terraces Conservation Agriculture Conservation farming is any system or practice which aims to conserve soil and water by using surface cover (mulch) to minimise runoff and erosion and improve the conditions for plant establishment and growth. It involves planting crops and pastures directly into land which is protected by a mulch using minimum or no-tillage techniques. CA is a concept for resource-saving agricultural crop production that strives to achieve acceptable profits together with high and sustained production levels while concurrently conserving the environment. CA is based on enhancing natural biological processes above and below the ground. Interventions such as mechanical soil tillage are reduced to an absolute minimum, and the use of external inputs such as agrochemicals and nutrients of mineral or organic origin are applied at an optimum level and in a way and quantity that does not interfere with, or disrupt, the biological processes. CA is characterized by three principles which are linked to each other, namely: • Continuous minimum mechanical soil disturbance. • Permanent organic soil cover. • Diversified crop rotations in the case of annual crops or plant associations in case of perennial crops Effective Microorganism (EM) Effective Microorganisms (EM) are mixed cultures of beneficial naturally-occurring organisms that can be applied as inoculants to increase the microbial diversity of soil ecosystem. They consist mainly of the photosynthesizing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes and fermenting fungi. These microorganisms are physiologically compatible with one another and can coexist in liquid culture. There is evidence that EM inoculation to the soil can improve the quality of soil, plant growth and yield (Kengo and Hui-lian, 2000). EM works by getting the natural processes to function, the way nature intended by stimulating biological activity in the soil and plant.