Introduction
This “Pine and Hammock Forestlands of Dade County” report was completed in October 1975 to assist the county in their efforts to preserve natural areas. It was the first inventory of Dade County’s remaining pine and hammock forest communities outside of Everglades National Park. In addition to the report’s finding that only 4 percent of the original pine and hammock forest remained, five outstanding forested areas were recommended for preservation including the Charles Deering Estate and the Tamiami Airport Pineland (now the Nixon Smiley Pineland Preserve). The inventory focused on private lands in danger of development so the Richmond Tract and Navy Wells were not recommended for preservation as they were in federal ownership slated to be transferred to the county. This report raised a red flag on the plight of our dwindling pine rocklands and brought about a change from viewing them as worthless forestlands (as they were characterized by many at the time) to viewing them as a unique and irreplaceable ecosystem worthy of preservation.
-- Clifford Shaw, 2019
7
TIIE PINE A.I]D EAI'I}1CCK FOR-trS?LANDS OF DADA COUI{TY
October l'7 | L975
Prepared bY: clifford Shait Metro-Dade Urban Fores ter Florj.da Division of FoIestry
r .:, TABI,E OF CONTENTS
PAGE
SUI.fMARY 1
INTRODUCTION 2
|4ETHODS 5
RNSU],TS 10
PINETAI'IDS l4
HAU.i.!OCKS l7
EXOTICS 2L
REfERENCES 24 APPEI.{DIX A List of Hatunock Species APPENDIX B List of Inventoried Ila$unock and Pinelands 2'l APPENDIX C Forest Acreaqe by TownshiP. Range and Section APPENDIX D llaps 42 SUMMARY
pine and haqunock forest Dade countyrs Present natur;l to July' 19?5' The conrnunities were inventoried during Aprit location and purpose of the inventory was to detelmine the the urbanizing condition of aIt viable foreste'l areas within the county in its portions of Dade county' Results will aid natural areas for efforts to preserve and P!otec{: exceptional and outdoor recte- nature stualy, vildlife habj-tat' aesthetics ation. and harunock forest- A total of 604'1 acres of viable pine Coastal Ridge poltions lands presentty exist along the Ai:lantic National Park' This of Dade County outisde of the Everglades 15I'813 acre Coasi:a1 represents only 4 percent of the original Ridge Fores t. for preserva- Five outstanding forested areas recommended 22; snapper tion are: charles Deering Eslate' 102' 103 on maP creekHenuoock,sitel24onmaplT;Indian}4oundEanmock,site2l 49 on nap 14; and on map 6; Tamiami AilPort Pineland' site cypress Hanunock, site 335 on nap 37' INTRODUCTION
Prior to 19OO Dade county vas characterized by extensive pine and hardwood forests surrounaled by vasu expanses of grass- lards and mangroves. Because of tha relatively level topography' thi.s unique subtropical forest of both teilpetate and tropical t:lees \,7as one of the nost distinctive natural features of Dade Cou-nty. Ihe size and chalacteristics of the original forest began to change drastically with the advent of urbanization al:ollJ]d the turn of the century- Today, with the excePtion of the Evergl''des National" Pal:k' only scattered remllants renain of Dade's original forestlaJrds. St-evenson (1959) gives a gocd over'/iew of man's eiiect on tha original forestlands oi south Florida' Mar!ts iinpact on this fiora has been ccnsiderabl-e- Indians burred the pinelands tc prevent the- hardwoocs i].o*- -. ttirrg thl pines, t'1us insuring, thenselves .rr-".oo!",-.ppf oi coontie, i pineland plant uith a stalc:'rY i""i. 'in" spanish 1og9;d tnos: of the giant nahoganY ii"*'tr," keYs, and thiy prizec lignum vitae.for its iupposea leii-cal- ptop"ititt' Black ironwood' so dense fi'"i-ii wili not ilout, *ts cut by the filst-settLels for foundaiion posts. Euge pines were-falled for l'on- ber, t!:ei,r hearlwood curing to a rocklike-consi stency lr,"l rrrrtt be drilled for s-tting nails' Buttontood :a" ?:::arY source of cha:cca1, +-he cooka''g :-':eL "'.-"in sou--h i15ai3a horire s before ihs aeveni o: kelosettg' ayp;;;; swaJxps have been cevastated by lur'-be! conpanies' po'"a siands were cleared fo! farnlands ' as vere pine woods."ppf" The uniqle vegetational associaticns of south Flo'ida ";ere pelcei./ed alC docrxnented by nany na:uralists anC botanists c'uriilg ..he the past 75 !:ears. smal'l (L903, 1933) piovided sone of :!rst taxonomic descriptions of the south Floiida f1ora. simpson (1920) and PhiUips (1940) provided early exPlanations on the origin and composition of the tropical hardr,rood haronock. According to Long (1971) there are over 1600 sFecies of vascular plants present in south fforida. .Considered to be the youngest flola i! the United SLates' the south !'lorida vegetation oliginated sone 5.000 yeals ago from four major sourcesi the Caribbean islaDds' the southeastern United States' endemic Florida sources and rnan-introduced exotic veqetation (Lo3rq' I9 71) . One of the earliest systematj'c stuCies of the south Florida ecosystem \,ras by Hatper (1927). ilis report included the first s"t of plant lists arranged accordinq to seven distinct v3ge- tational units. During 1940 the enr.'ire area of south F1o:ric.a lras covered by ae::ia1 Photography for the fj-rst tirne. This enabled oavis (i943) to recheck and dpdate the woik of llarper' Davis provideC the first detailed vegeLationaL maP of south Fl"orida. the original- nap depicted 29 historic vegetatioDal (Big t\4)es located !?i:hin seveD physiographic legions c!?r:ess ' Sou'.3.wester:n Coast, Everglades, Miani Rock RiCAe' southell Coast ana is1anC5, i{"stern FlattaaC anal Eastern ?13t1and). qhe recent work by Alexander (1973) covered in depth ?iant succession and vegetational chanqes vithin the south Florida plant coinmuniti.s. A1I natural and man-causeC factors \thich, du:i.g the past 30 years, have sr:gnificantly altered i:he veg"- ta":cnal associ-ations i.rere dccunented. Sone importait trelis noial by A1e: -3- a- covereal by nar'groves' a d.rastic redr.rcij.oo in the area of coastal hannocks and lhe succession of.forner Pineland areas to hardlrood hannocks withiD the Everglades National- Park. The mangrove forests of Dade county were studied by Teas (1974). All r0angrove areas from coral Ga-bLes to the llonroe courty line were classified into five najor' nanqrove co!0munitles' In addition. Teas estimated that the 19,456 acres of DaCe Countyrs riangloves produced 37'000 tons of litter (trtigs. leaves' etc') for the detritus cyc1e. -4- METHODS To exalniDe the effects of urbanization on the original r/egetation, aLl existing forested. areas lrit}lih the urbanizing portion of Dade County vere inventoried. AII naturally occuring. viable pine and ha{mock vegetation corunutities $tith predoninantly native vegetation existing along the Atlantic coastal Ridge (outside the Everglades National Park) llere located, classified and r0apped. The boundaxy of the inventolieal area is shown in f igu.re 1. The initial location of forested areas ]tas detemined. from inspection of 1 inch to 300 feet aerial photography located at the County Tax -r-ssessment Department. The pbotogiaphs. flown earLy in 1975, covered the eotire county outside of Everglades National Par:k. For the purpose o: the inventory, viable forested aleas had to ra.eet a ninirnr8 size require.nent. Pinelands had t'o cover at least five contiguous acres while halimocks and nixed pine-harErock stands had to be at least t\eo acres in size. Paved roaas and canals divided forest stands into separate areas. Acreage figures were estinated bl' superimposing a transParent sectlon nap (di?1Ced intc 1, 5' 10. 20' 40 and 160 acre bfocks) ove: the aerial photographs- The areas \tere then nu.lbered. and located on a I inch to 2000 feet County street naP. Each area was field inspected to deternine the forest type anC conditio. o: the natural area. Areas .tere classified iitc ti.-:ee majoi :or3st types; i) pineland, 2) halli.ock and 3) r.ri>:ed stands of pine and hardwood trees. ExPl-anatj.ons on the -5- l'igure I ^-.{l:-'.1;;li.i;;;il i. . .". ']r -: :..'.'' -:1]:";iIIIl:i;1I:;r; i. :,' :,';'1 ,';' ::11 -,"11;;lllI;lll;;1-l: " ,' l' .' ..4, .-^.1.t -: *-.-;,.; *,**.*,,j - i INVNITORID ARIA o .:,- : .::|"ffi | 1": :j : .= + rT/i{,;;E::,!;-2.:-;--::i \.4 _- - ,- :.: J *.? ;#:t-:,,-. -.. _: :i:-".".": '^Ir-r."4'i1t: or ::. .L:...-.'-.Y* A- --i: z/+j:\'.}j ifi ;";i:'-'-;=.-'.-r.;,:;'5i=;-,1a- ;-.'"'l.;;.. ;'"",'.; i";.1 ];,.'.]!Ti-': i' irii111*ij:: #:i:i:::lix''."'.:*:;i;in:,I""i*:r:i".,;l#'1i ltr' *t t ; ;+: ,','" *::j; '"". .-;.', '... .,..,'..".,:::','",: "'.i.! ;. , .,ji.i - --;- :,...,-;llji,ir :'ni' 1',.'1.11.;';i:ii,J .\,:tt -f ",i:":::!;iffi#i!!.:rt:'..t,:i::ti,.,::iiii:i;.'i.::{i': .-,-='..,:r' -'l i rut -l l::iL iii,=,i; ri:- i3'...."tiir:.js:i;;ji i,:lI iil..-.-..1.:.-; i.:"."':"::.: , 'cj ,"*', :t-- . .' . .-. :.,'_r. - "", : : ! -.r. :,' ; -.:_,jj ;,_.-r.r", : _,;-.\._,-t' l:. i:'-;a=,:;---' i'i: r: i'.'-', >1.?'-.;-1t- '- '..1::::-.-,', !t Mvrccx rN:sr :# ,.-l nt d?Fts. FoPzrr .-ili;; .,tir;t4.'.f \. \ l-7 cl "^,**. '*"" i:+=-:-r=:*i+o: !AYcr1$ (rr h, b,.i.! El 'F..r, ' Cf,u i'rr € {r!,i,,a "d,..") f,l ""*,". E rr*fu&. tl Ds€ .,.o. r'or -6- charaatelistics of the forest tlT)es are contairted i.n-the sections on pinel-and and hanunocks. .The condition of each area was deternlned fron both the 'aIiount arld t}?e of exotlc vegetation and the viabilj.ty of the natj.ve tree vegetatj,on. A.reas choked. witlr nassive amounts of exotic vegetation vere eliminated fxon the inventory. The sec- tion or! exotics describes the tl.pes aDd charactelistics of the moie conTflon va]:ieties of exotic plants encoutltered during: the inventory. In determiniig Lhe condition class, all a=eas \rere ranked agailrst an average or typicaL vegetational condition- This was obtained by ex..mining each area's total size and shape, viability of the native plallt species, amount of exctic vegetation, and the uniqueness of any outstanding natural features. Upon coRpletion of the inventory all areas were rated eilher poor, fair, good, or exceptional. fbe condition classes of pineland areas irere; Poor - Stands had medium to heavy amounts of exotic vegetation (over 50 percent) and fittle or no native undelstory vegetation. The area eould prioballly recei."re severe Ca,-nags f r:oin a ii::e. ' In some casgs areas had already received '. dainage frori a recent fire t/hich usually caused a reduction il the pine stocking. Fni!' - Stands had nediun amouilts of exotic vegetation (40 to 60 percen:). !'ire \rould not severel-\' -7- 7- da:nsge the stand. pjne stocking varic,l fron light to heavy. cood - Stards had liit]"e or no exotic vegetation (O to 40 percent) , pine stcckj.ng rras medj.um to heavy with nost ttees over 25 years in age. Young pine reproduction r,ras usually present, and the understory vegetation \ras paedoninately native. Exceptional - Stands had aL1 the charactelistics of the good cond.ition. !$ addition each area hacl one or more outstandiDg features such as the presence of a lare pLant species, unusual geologicaL formations or rel-aii.r'ely o1d iree age. The condition cLasses of hanmocks and rnixed stands were: Poor - Harnrnock contained 1ittle or no native understory vegetatiot. In most cages the area \ras noCer- ately invaded. by exotic vegetation. Damage fron fire, trash or people iras usually noted. f'air - Eanhocks had some naiiva unCerstory vegetation. Exotic vegelation was usually plesent but not in heavy anounts. Dainag3 frorn public access was noted. cood lian'noc.' -8- l- cr more outstandj.ng features such as the presence of a rare plant species, unusual geological formations or great size and age.of the trees. A considerable amorDt of the natural pineland. vJas not inven- toiied due to the five acre minitnum size rdquirenent- In orde! to obtain an estiJlate on arount of pineland not invenLoried, an acreage survey vas conducted on afl aetial photographs vithin ihe study area using the transparent section nap. -9- RESUI,TS A list of all- inventorieC pine and halrunqck areas located vithin the study area is given in Appendix B. The location and approxirate boundaries of each area ale represented on naps in Appendix D. The total forested. area by towlship, lange and section is given in Appendix c. Esti$ates on the arount of original vegetation adapted fiom Davls (1943) are shown it Table 1. Host of the original habitat of mangroves, c]?ress slramps, we! prairies, and sloughs still enist wilhin Conserwation Area 3, Everglades National Park, anC undevelope,f private l-ands rn'est and south of the Coastal Ridge' Approxilllatel-y f9'800 acres of pineland stil1 exist within the boundaries of the Everglades National Park (Bancroft, 1975). Table 2 gives the nurJ.er anC acreaqe of al1 inventoried pine, harurock and inixed stands by condilion. The total present forestlands rrj.thin the study area are comPared to an estj-'rateA histor:cal- area in lable 3. During approximately the last 100 years. Inan has eliminated 95 percent of the originaL pine and han$ock plant coFfiunities f,ron along the ccastal Ridge portion of DaCe county. -r0- Table 1 AREA OF ORIGINAI VEGEIATfOI{AI COI"IMUNITIES IN DAJ]E COUNTY veoetaLion TvFe Acres Pineland LB2.7OO Hanuncck 11,300 Mangrove . 99,700 Cypr€ss SvramP 28, s0o Coastal Veqetation !2,600 l{et Prairies 547,7OO slqughs and Ponds, 182,700 ?otal 1, 315. 000 Soulce: U. S. Geological Survey' -]1- Table AREA ON VIABTE HA}4}4OCK AND PINEI-ANDS INVENTORIED IN DADE COT'NTYI Forest TvPe Condi tion Areas Acl:es Pineland Poor 343 -t aar r63 2,086 Good 73 2 t06'7 Exceptional 4 112 TOL l 268 s,268 Eanunc ck Poor 5 2I 18 69 cood 20 151 ExceptionaL l4 343 Total 57 584 l,Iixed Pi-ne Poor I 7 arld Hammock fair 4 3B cood 3 55 Exceptional 2 94 Totel 10 195 soulce:' Field survey. 1975 1At.a .1o-9 the A'tlantic coastal RiCae nct including the Ever:glades NationaL Paik. -L2- Itable 3 PRESENT AND HISTORIC FORESTLANDS IN DADE COUN1Y1 InvenLoried PineLancls 5.268 acres Non-Invento!ied Pinelands 2.102 acres I{ammo cksi 584 acres llixed StanCs 195 acres Present Total Area 8,L49 acres Eistoii-c Total Area2 151,813 acres Percent Destroyed 952 so,rrce: FieJ.d Survey, l-9 75 lArea alo::g ihe Atlantic coastal Ricae not incluiilig th3 E!-e,-glade5 }Iatic:1al Palk' 2!stiF.a!ed fron soil t!'pes given in a scil associations na-D o! Dade Coun:j, pliePareC by the- U:r ivers i ty-of itoiida Ag!:i- cuitural Experinei+- staticn (cilcular s-7?A' se.oe. 1965) ' -13- PTNELAIi9S The predominant historical iorest type in Dade countY ltas the pineland (see figure 1). Pir.elands extended f:oft the Dade- Broward County line to the Everglades National Park in a 65 nil-e long, 6 mile wide curving arc along the Atlantic coastal RiC-qe' Once broken only by 15 transverse glades, the pineland forest was dor:linaled by south Florida slash pine (I:3gg 91f:9!!L! r/"'' densa). Virgin, oldgrol,rth piles' 1ocal1y ktoi{n as Dade couniy pine, rvere repo:LeC io be t1,7o feet in dia$ete! and over 90 feet Lal-l (craighead' 1971). The south Florida pinelan<1 evolved from, anil is adapted tc perioci-c fires. For thousands of years, fires caused by liEht- ning have alloned slash pine and over 100 sPecies of fir:e- resistant plants lc dominate the Atlantic Coastal Ridge. Iliih- out f:re the pineland forest tould revert, by natual successior' to a hardwood harlock conmunity in about 25 years. In oiader to preserve a viable pineland cofimuni.ly' nanagenent br"ologists at --he Everglaces Naliona1 Park have instigai:ed a prilgram of gresc-ibed controlled burning since the late 1950's' The p:ogiari has succeeded in stemming the ilvasion of haid''rood sp3:ies. Resea:3h on the effeCts of Pr3scribed bLlrning (Iic:stetter, 1973) has indicatei that fire should be introduced into pine ate3s every three to seven years not be burned during thjs Period' con- Some of the more important Plants in the pineland nunity arie: south Florida slash pine (4M g!!!9!!! tar' (Ficus dlensa). varnish leaf (!g19lgg viscosa). shortleaf fig citrifolia). sabal palm (sabal Palmetto) , tetrazygia (Tetrazygia palmel:to (Serenoa bicolor), myrsine (!yl!:19 guianensis) ' saw (Ardisia repens), poisonwood (Hetopiufil toxiferum) ' narlberrY biazilian pepPer escallonjoices), sumac (Rhus 99!g!!llg) ' (q"!iltlt: ter:ebinthefol ius) , silver palm (coccothrina>: argeitata)' pine Iadder brake fern (Pteridium aquilinum var' pseidocaudatr'lm) I fire grass (Andr:opogon cabanissii) fern ($91q1 adiantifolia) ' ' and coontle (zainia iDtergrifolia) ' BecausetheAtlanticcoastalRidgeisthehighestanddfiest area in Dade County, all of Lhe original pines ltele destroyed The last around 1900 for timber. farmland and urban developnent' (Everglades area of original wirgin pine, located on Long Pine Key National Park), was cut for 1u:nber during the late 1930's' onty three sizable areas of pineland presently exist in Dade the county outside the Park. The largest area (1060 acles) is on inactive Riclmond Naval Air station (map 20, APpenCix c) ' The area is transected by nu,'nelous loads lrltich have a11o1"cd easy public access. Because of this. the area has suffej'ed a consid- erable imPact from trash dumping, \'itdfii'es and invasj-on of exotic vegetatj.on. ncpoaLcd )'ca!Iy fires have elimii;i-ed :r(}st of the Pinc rePLoduction. Nany federal agencies are currently utilizing portions of the area. The nelt Dade counly zco' -15- 7 scheduled to be built in the next ttro to thlee years. !'rill be located on the southeast portion of the area. .The oldesl and l-argest stand of slash. pines in Dade count!' is located directly east of the new Tamianj- AirPort (49 on nap 14). The relatively undisturbed sile has exceptionally large specinens [15 inch diameter, 65 feet tall) of slash pines, nany over 65 years old. ExcePt for a fe\{ scatteled Pockets of exotic vegetation, the area represents the fiDest remaining exainPle of lrhat Dadets original pineland \tas like prior to 1900- The third large area of pineland is on the Navj' Aqueducir properly located southwest of Florida City (309 on ftap 36). The area is Particul-a::1y unique because of the nixed pine age classes anal aliverse coflectio:1 of nati'/e understcly plants' A laige portion cf the area r'ras planted ltii:h slash p'r:-l-res five lo ten years ago.- This rePresents the only sizabte exalnple of pine refcresLatioo ever undertaken in Dade county- The Navf is . cuilently proceeding to clispose of Portiols o!. the pineland-as su;;)1us property. all of Dade _ P,esults of i:he survey indicated that nearly co':---:l" s original pineland has either been destroyed o:!: severely d:5:i-ied bl. :la::'s activities C'Jrlng tha 1a=t 75 I'ears' Ii cur:ent tlends ccitinue. it is doubtful \thether any sizable are3 of pineland, outside of the Everglades National Park' lliLl e: fhe troPical hanmock forest' unique iu the United states to south Florida, is characterized by closely sPaced evergree! hardwood trees of both temperate and tropical origin- scattered within the vast pine forest along the Attantic coastal Ridge' suceession the har.)lrlock represents the final stage in natural for all elevated areas in Dade County' Each harrnock is a unique association of over 200 plant species. A hai'i!.ock will usually contain one. or ln-oLe endenic plants rarely seen in other hanl'rocks ' Because of extensive plant coLlectirg. rnany species, especiall!' ferns and orchids' are currentlli in danger of beco ing extinct' more Iiannmocks are usuaLly found either surroundinq one or solution holes or al-onq el-evated coastal areas' In both cases' the additional hu:xidity created bythe preseilce of waler main- tains a hunid atnosphere necessary for fire proteclion' ?he varn.hujr.idaur.osPherecfeate.Ibythec]-oselysPacedtleesalso pro';ides the needed habj-tat for nany rare valieties of tropical 1Vo r,ajo!' -.i?es of ha-Frocks were ellcoultered a1o:19 the Coa;:al Ridge iuring the inveniory' The oak harunock' chalactel:- istic of areas in the northeln half of the counEy' was the fi=st typ3. The o"srstorY tree veqetation consisted alir'ost entirelT tree r-ou::d as fa!: of Live oak (tji?igllg virginianq) ' a tenpelate cf n?:ah as Vir;iln:a. In undisturb3d sites' nunel:ous specinens \tith sabal pal-n (Sabal palnei:to) lv-ere found in close associaticn t- of gurirbo-lj-nLlco (Bursera the live oaks. occassionally specinens were found with the simaruba) and strangl"er fj'g (Flcus aurea) (Psycholj-a gglg91) and nyrsine oak overstory. wild coffee .Mr'YcinAouianensis}formedthenajorPortionoftheunderstory vegetation. considerable Most oak haifilocks, ho\tevex' had leceived finest exanple of a iirpact from pasL urban devel"oprients' The directly south of "'he young undisturbed oak har'1'nock is Located 19) An additional ouistandj-ng new Tamiani Airpol:i (50 on map ' o\tned Kendall Horne area is the 40 acre hanrnock on the County large arsa' howevet has site (32 on nap l-1)' The exceplionally ' trafiic vhich considerabl-e impact from foot and vehicle : received oi rnanY eriotic a. ihe estabLishment trave opened large areas allowing ,i plants. tloPical hatriaock' i The second hai.'iaock type noteo lras the incian in B hamnoci<'type itere iiest i majcrity of '-rees within this encounteled I (see Appendix A) The most prevelant tree * origin ' bahaninse) 1n addition manl' i was ihe wild tartarind (Lysilona ' i (coccoloba diversifolia) mastic 'J specj-aens of Pid3eon plrln ' live oak (Quercus virginiana) (l43siichodencrcr foetidissinun) ' ' stoppe' (zular-ia a: -tt,- t-' because of d:asticall"y fowered \tar'er tables is Presently etiminating nany of the original plant sPecies' at Brickell HaNock is considered to be the olcest and The hanrlr'ock one time the largest harunock in Dade county' to originally ran for five niles south of the Miami River coconutGrovealongBisca]meBay.ApProxj$ataly4Tacresare to earfy aii that remain of Brickell Harmock \'thich' accordinq accounLs, probably covered over 1300 acres' orce had over Craigheacl (1971) esqil'lated tha! Dade County appeal and nild r:ricr:o- 5OO hannocks- Because of theit aesthetic climaLe,mcsi:oithehan'$ocks'especiallya1ongtheAtlantic Long coasial R!dge', have been destroyed for urban developnent' contains scne 125 Pine xelz vithi.n tbe trverglades National Park tine, been seriously ha.i,unocks--aL1 ' of vhich have, from time to danaged by fire and oLher man-related activities' l'los:ofthere'nainingharoxlocksofDadecouotyareno!.,unier pub,lic o\fnelship' some of the finest publacll' ovned hanmocks cutl-er (117 on rnap 22) Br1cke11 are }latheson (1.23 on naP 17) ' ' (236 on (35, 3s, 39 on nap L0)' castelloll (207 on maP 24)' Bauer finest rernaining nap 29) and Fuchs (278 on rnap 32) ' Two of tbe (lo3 on.-.ap 22) and ha-.J1c.ks lot i:1 ?ublie o,^nership are Deering snap:.er creek (124 on naP l7) ' j_n Corr'1ty is A unique llatil-lock tlrpe now almost extinc+- Dade bald cYPtes3 '.he c!?ress haj:;:cck. The doninant tree sPecies' (:Sl.i!," ci5:iceufl), red naple (Acer rubru!:) ' cocopl"ur'r in (ci-!:=!a1a:"rs icaco) and (lahoon hclty (Ilex cassine) ' 9r:o.' -19 - l- fhe areas with flowing naier subject to seasonal flooiing' only exanple of the cl?xess hanmock open to the Public in Dade county is a small porLion of the Parrot Julgle (8! on nrap 16) ' near The largest and ollly undistulbed clrpress hamock is located the Everglades National Park (335 on map 38) ' -20- EXOTICS Next to the destruction by land development. the most serious threat to the native forests of Dade Counti. is from the rapid spread of exotic Plant species. Introduced rela- tively recentlY by nan (J-900) exotiq PLaots lack lratural enviroDmental poPulation controls lthich a11ow them to invaCe and displace native vegetation. The ecosystelr in south Florida contains sone of the your-:gest vegetaLion assocj.ations j"u the united states (Long' 1971). These associations exist on a ftagile founcalion of water levels, rocky soil's and periodic droughts. irhich' during the pasL 40 years, have been dr'astically altered by lltan' ft is these vast areas oi disturbed sites which have becoie the p!:inar:y sites foj: the establis}]lnent of exotic vegetation' j-nven- The most corlnon exotic plant enEountered during the to::y lras Brazitian pepPer (!g!!M terebinthifolius) ' Introduced as an ornamental plant because of j-ts attractive red fmits' lhe Bra:ilian pepPer has now sPreaal to every Pine and hairnock area in Dade courty. once established on abandoned farml"ands ' canaL ba-r: -2r- The only practical control of BraziliaD PePper in natural areas is by periodic Prescribed burning' controlled fire' however, is inPractical- in the fire-sensitive haxuiocks where the overstory tree vegetation must be Protected' Brazilian pepFer. li]:e most other exotic vegetation, oill usually not becone established under the shade of a healthy viable harunock overstorY. The Australian Pines (gg!lEI:I1 spP') are major invaders oi distul:bed dry sites' Ihe salt tolerant trees' unlelated to which have the true Pi!1es (gf}}g spp.), have wind-blovn seeds aIlollred them to spread to all warm coastal areas' world\'ride ' Cape FloriCa state Park on Key Bisca!'ne' once covered l,rith beachandcoastalhar']mockvegetation.isno!.conPletelycovered with a forest-of A'istralian pines' vast expanses of AustraLian pines presently exist on the abandoned farmlands and drained areas southeast of Hoinestead. The trees. however' are suscep- tible Lo fire and require ful"l sunl"ight to survive' As -"ri th areas invaded by tsrazilian Pepper' a prescribed Program of con- trolfed fire !til] usually elininate Australian plnes fron pine- lani areas. :i1e llelaieuca (Melaleuca quinquen"n'i3) i5 an extienelY fas: growingr fire-resistant tree j-nvading large areas of forner evetilades in areas wbere nan has disruPted the natural eco- sys!g:!. The -.ree was for-rnd groreing in aLl DaCe County's eco- s!'s.!:35 and :r'a!' have the potential to beccme established thro:l:1out '-he County. I^lith the possible eKception of aerj-al apptications of herbicides proposed recently by the Florida Game and Fresh l{ater commissj-on, no known ccni:lol of I'telaleuca presently exists. AdditioDal exotic tree sPecies reproducing naturafly in jawani'ca) pine and hanr ock areas were: Bishofi'a (Bischofia found thriving in nany har$ocks outside llo1i'estead' earleaf urban acacia (Acacia auliculaefolli s ) Iocated in nany snatl pineland areas. and vonans tongue (Albizia tebbeck) found in most pioe and haliunock areas. Many additional exotic plant' species undoubtably have the eapacity to becone established vithin Dade's renaining nalu::a1 areas' The area covered by exotic vegetation is incleasing rapidly !.athin all poltions of Dade county' considering tire present trends of drainage, lanC clearing, and wildfire' exotic vegetation \ril1 probably becone the Coninani forest t]'pe in the undeveloped lands of urban DaCe county by the year 2000' n .:i 7 REFERSNCES Alexander, T. R. and a. e. Crook. 1973' 'Recent and Lonq- tern Vegetation changes and Patterns in South Fforida. Pre- liminary Report-south Florida Envirorlmental study- Bancroft' 1. 1975. Personal cotununication. craighead, F. c. sr. 1971. The Tlees of south Florida' vol. 1. uiiversity of ' Miani Press. coral Gables, Florj'da' Dade Courrty Planning Department. 1974. Proposed Environ- mental Protection Guide for l'letropolitan Dade County' Davis, J. H., Jr. f943. The Natural Features of Southern , forida. Siate of Ftorida. Depart$eni of consetvation, Gecl' Bu1!. No. 2 5. ?allahassee' Florida. Ecoinpact. Inc. 1974. The lmpact of Evicting FaEters froiR the gole-i;-the-DoDut. Report for the south Floiida Toialo and Florida. Vegetable Grqve::s ' fnc., Homestead, llarper' P.. '\. L927. Natural Resources of Sout-hern Florida' I'lorida State Ceological Survey Eighteenth Annual Repori' Tallahassee, !lo.ida ' Hofsiettet, R. H. 1973. Effects of Fire in the ecos!'ste'-' South FloriCa Environ$enta1 Projec! App. K. Natioial Park Service' Long, P'. v7. and Lakela, o. 1971- A Flora of TroPical Fl"oriia' Univ-ersity of uie.:rd Press. coral Gables, Florida. Phillips, w. s. 1940. A Tropical Haftnock on the Niani Lir're- stons. EcologY, 21(2) ;166-175. Simpson. c. T. 1920. In the Lower Florida I'IiLds- G. P. Put::aiars Sons. New York. simpson, tJ. ?. 1932. Florida wild Life. Th3 !'tacltiflao Cc::.3:r7. lle'' ir:k. sn;ll, J. K. 1903. Flora of southeastern united States. ]'evl Yo:k. Snall. J. X. 1933. Manual oi the Southeastern floia' Univel:- sit:' oi Nor:h caro1ina Press. chaPel Hil1, North Caroli:1a' sEevensoi, G. B. 1959. Tr:e3s o: the Everqlaiss llational Pa!:li a::d :he Florida Xeys. George B. Stevenson. ?eas, H. J. I974. l'langroves of Biscayne Eay' Report for +-he l:ctrolol i *.a:1 Daie Coun:l' coriJ:lission. APPEIiOI X A List of Th2 Ya:e !3!crcrit Ir'es Asso.izreC lfirh ire - geochs Oi The iii'ti L!-e5c.ie* **T. Acacla r.2ric :'!'.,3t-. L. irtiisr;:--jr (s-t l) srbdl. (1.) erllld. :ti:r?s: li'. vaple T. liild dlUY A.'L... .-.'!ar-t': L. (1. !.iih. I. stoa.s toogse :.Lb;.z-a i2t32... ) T. Alvaradoa a"'!' L Lzha' / ;Lr.!.La t-t' !' A. TorchYood ].air':,- '-;:t'':t-':t'lri schlechr 6 ch5' etzcta-is t.t'!1i':tr. !. Pet 3-,L':.':. i,:a,!2. L. BrEr2:-:c d... \i.r. !!).1.:a-; !3.< 3,.'. ac :,.:.1r L. e:_i.rs: (licr!\!. ) J::niigs 3/.2:'a. r2:1':t.. ten., i2,,= (1, ) r_ir1c. Z:!st.':-: :^.4'; (s2., D. i ::rs€.: s-:-r-,:. (L ) srr3. ! a.--r-t:=..12s ::l :21r crr5e'' z^2):"r- \L.) 5e. t T- Ciana:on Bar:( I :.r..::t 1:'--..2..a=' iL. ) ce::ir. Ca?e. I i. iaraica t : + :,-: " a- Li.-ber Caper ; ;.",-l _;li ":.;.. C.!;c. t.?.!. L. Australiaa Plne I 2-:.:'i: -:-' ':a io:5r' I. at:rtr:" (i. '...':at?'.:.':. ) lr!:1r ' Sculh.fr i:.k!e:L1 t.1.='::'-:.:::.::';!\4 N. at=r-='.?.|rt. : i-:a:. t=:r: L. ':.--';:': :--:.. s ::::: t- l.,i:zt<.t: .n -'-t )'.:r-2 L. Cat ..r.-21- a :.-.::.t;t- L' :-:=!^s ?.e..::-:t1:. (ch! iiE:.) s'i:ale :;-r-a. (1.) ils so atr.':-r L. I. Steet oranga si):'-.,'-i._ osbeck ::'-r"':.': : :'. c. t..''... j:ccj. :1-j;?- (1. ) T. Sirver €.... tL!':': !a2...: (1.) Dc :i:Z7l;s..::;.'.-'.:;: A vrini5S lt la :::.-:., .:-='.:r": : t' T. r:-,t2i.: :'. ..::':.r:': :.::-:.'! tj:!a: - j-_: (:') ::i:: J U!r-' :: ? -l;" i. c01,1.1 cr:.1:o. .'i::::: a:- '-' L. I. Ci?ri:{ra 5.r. :l-i" (s,i) i!':la. T-',arii. s coit. r :r',-a:.:::-l- ji:.:': :..; T. ?:.:? l:r,.1 s.o)4" r :-'::':'. 5ari s:.r?:. ri-,_i,:-i j s:rl I T. Slii:ri Fl or i,l: " . . Ec i i: i c,, P3 i!-i ii J , Gl e:son, Lrlrqi::ea. "!r.--^.-1. Prsi ilir-ri C..o1c3 ic Scai::1; Eri'/ir,li---'.:: t i 5l'r:il f're!..n; an,i ' ' 1911 , P?- t:J-9 ' -25- I c':;':c; (l!c1 ) il.s T. .:ts.c': '- (jurs') ?_il\' T. -Eoti:tt i -'::'::r: I. Srransl€!:i9 fi.rs t-.:;: }..ur I riil !. t. .'i::"j-'-'::i I. ao.€s t:. :: !'):i :.- S- a )'" s.ili:::?=. (J.cc.) \rrr 6 Urlaa T. C! er=.: :. e :'';a t::' : s'' €::i:': vena. 1, cn?1a;.€s 1r.-:- s'r- I. ia.el'; :=:-: Jacq' 1!-::.::!r. sr' 7. t ?227; F. kvEar: Loes. T. xBo ic!;':Y .-'irrt:- (1 e11. ) 3:i!h' IEE.z'i t-:-!: tr.i )a::-_ 1, Li.cri .-3..:. (s?. ) i:.s':e:i T. irsi;r:: j.;--.-s ;s ler:il' 1. (L. ) ): ir t a illld dl]ly tLnil;e: e':?':':'-. "i!ls I. tle7.41 er.. k!..a..xe L Y.ao?':f '..-':i4-F (L.) :i:!ts 6 Urba T. c2--:.:i L. N. Pnc. (5j T. l,'e.ie:r. ctr:-:c2. ) !:jse5' !. Pc.j"aiis :?-j'i:_i-j (ciise:. ) (!. s?.e:3' r. ?e|se; t.rb/a. ) P. Fii.ar,. i... !'-': : e. a L - P:.wrac ?2.-z*. s'' . 'r. Ptrss c1--2.: (r.r.1:-) se:3. a?u.. lltlle 6 Dorr! N. eLl':att':a lzt. 1. J&ai.a dotrood ?;,EeLaac ?'-s.:a'-'. :, -: T. Blo1ly 9n rrJ'a a ! i c'. i -26- APPETiDIX B List of Inventoried Hainocks and P inelallds }L\P CODE - Nurn-ber of inventoried area' MAP - l4ap nu$ber in APpendix D TYPE -P - Pineland H - Harrfiock M - Mized harwlock and Pineland CONDlTION -P Pocr F I ar: cood E txceptionaL ACREAGT N'J..ller of acles in'mi-nent due 20 Ilonkey Jungle RX}I.ARXS 1- Destruction 2l cutler Haii$ock Park to developir,en.t Park 2 - Recent destructive fire 22 castelloli Hamock 3 - oldest and largest slash 23 Canp Owaissa Pauer .pine s orchid Ju::91e - Young Pines - 15 Years 25 Fuchs }iairlocl< old or less 26 LoveLand !:an'r:1ock Park 27 Navv Ii3ll, FielCs 5 - Greynolds Rea;k' s Fe-'imock 6 - Biscayne colfege cor,nunitY - Oak crove Park 29 Miani-Dade Enchanled Folest Par'L' College - 30 Bird Drive Park 9 Arch Creek - 3t_ Dada County KenCall IO - l,egioi: Iiernorial- Park Park Iloaa.e Alea ]1 - Se'"'e11 Ccunty Park - Simpson Park Spenoner 1s tl - waj n'."'right Park 33- Rare ferr - t4 - viscaya c Iava i:a Pa!:ot ,Jungle colTE6Efc-n oi Planted i5 - hali,ftocl< tlees - ):a::eson Hax'nock 9ark countY \7 - SnapPer creek EanlTlock 35 - i4an!' virg!n DaCe sta+-ion pines - Pici'-iond:laval Air s lia-'i.:1ocl< 35 - OutstanCing cl4)res f9 - Deering sLand 3'7 - Old InCian mound ha:so'k -27- FOREST VECEL\TIO)i roc{:.ro,'{ | :o'':sr vEcta\rlo){ T-0 c-.\Tr0lI FT t F 2 3 s * 6-l El P 6 1 1.1 P T a-l .t 2 9.1 E F 3 'l ;,\ E G 2 11 3 3' G 4 "t :l E r 10 4 3 P 3 P I 10 30 3 ,u tt.I 3 F I 5 I H P 2 5 29 t, 6 il T I 30 ,] ? F 5 7 E F 5 11 11 F 3 I ? P I 11. lt ! 31. 9 11 I. 5 - 31 1.1 lt G T 10 it I 2l 34 9' ? G 11 H I 2 E r 8 12 3 35 10 72 il F 10 E G 3 13 E I 4 10 H G 4 l.+O 14 P I H E 13 3 3B 10 15 F f 14 39 10 g E 18 ii G 6 ,5 10' G 2 ? 2 LO 8 41 13- 11 c 3' il I 2 73' P P 6 3. tl t 5 5 lo, L9 I P P 5 13- 20 3 B c 1.. 13. P F 25 27 i 6' 6 loo I ? F 1B 7 18 22 }I F 1., P 6 'll 8 8 lao 14. 23 I IOC\iIO:; I FOliST VECIT."TT0j- TOREST ViGTL\IION z er 4 .{ 5 s e d 6 230 47 74 P F 724 70l20l P lG 48 14 ? I 5 71 120 lPlG 7I+0 G 160 Ld 14 E 390 72 I 20 I P I 70 50 19 E G nl20l P lG 20 51 20 P F 8 74 116 IPlr 10 52 20 ? i 11 75 116 lPl? 12 53 20 ? c 6 76 115 lPlP 10 54 20 P G 15 18 77 175 l?lF G 4 55 20 ? G 6 1B 78 I 15 I H I 26 56 P I 70 2,78 79 I 75 I ? I I 21 5J 20 P c 30 18 80 115 lPlr 58 2C P G 165 l18 81 115 I Plr 8 20 ? c 15 1B 82 llslPlt 6 60 20 P c 50 2, 1E rtlttl"lF 18 6L 20 P G 110 118 84 l15 lPlc 62 19 ? 12 ,, lrrl"lc 6 53 l9 P 40 86i15iPi? 8 ? G 15 87 115 l?lF 5 55 P c 88 115 IPIF 4 66 19 ! G 2A s9 l16 IHI: 73 67 !9 ? 11 90115 lPlG 66 ?0 ? r 9r. i15 l?lG 69 2t) P .:l 7 e2 l1sl?lt I IOREST !J-EC EA{TION 10cq,TI0:i FORTST vlcmlTro$ I,OCATION F ts <, € e 'l z E I z !i 116 22 P 2 ;; 177 22 :l;: 2l l:l; il;l; 118 22 ? 119 22 P ;l;r l: 120 22 u il; 121 22 ? " 1,, 35 iIl L22 17 1{ .1, :,l"l, .l'rl 123 !7 H e I so 15 L24 t7 tl o 1,., 17 I 17 P P :; l; I : :1,; 1,, 112 ,0, l,I n ,l'*1,, 126 23 P .ls ,oo l,l" t27 P ,1, :1,:l P 'ls t29 23 P rlrz 130 23 P ,l,, i-;l'il' 131 P ,l' iljli I . ir: i' L32 23 P r 110 23 P " lu :l: L34 23 P | 'o i " lIill ll i 110 I 135 23 ? 'l' .1,.1 136 t37 P I lii'iiili :l:l I 138 2S P il: I'OREST !'ECEIArIO:i IOPJST VIG'IArION r-ocArIoN o F ? fi a E g € F 162 139 F 10 ;l " 163 140 c 10 L4! F 5 L64 ;l: T 5 165 'ol" 24 F 10 166 lP p F 10 t6'7 x, l 10 168 ,ol" 11111 L45 !46 F t2 !69 z+lr 170 2," I P t47 T I I F 1 171 zu'lr fi2 24 149 P lP t73 150 T 6 'ol" !74 24 151 e 10 lrt r[\1 ! 13 t75 ,rlt r76 153 F 5 ,rlt t54 E 22 177 rri" 25 I P 155 G 5 8 179 ,rl" 'l'11:l'il iso 'z5 I' i 8 181 2slP : 1,, I zs tt 8 LBz I l"l'l 183 ,tl" 11 77 c 184 ,rl, i:1,:i I -3r- IOC^{TION FORESi \TEGSIATION LOG{TION TOREST VECE'IANON z FT a 3 F o g E B ,ot I :t toq I I ,,rl "l 15 'l 15 I 5 ;l 8 tt, 190 I 25 r I 2r4 | il\l \1\ I 10 ,tl 276 ? 10 1 217 F 1C 795 I 25 T 8 219 196 | 25 F 10 zzc T 10 I I 25 T t:": | .,, 10 1\l\l\,\ | ,,o 2oL i 21 30 | F 7 r:l;i;l;t ",, :olr lr le i 7 1,,, l,u : 10 1,,i" I' 2ot 1 2! ,0, | .u 20 r:; l' 10 22e j 2c6 | 2!' | .t I' 1230 2c7 24 lr 76 I I I \,\,\i\, i -32- aoG\rloN FORIST VICrIATION I,OCATIO}I FORES? vECTANTIO.'I F{ ts o E 2 6 a E = H o 6 3 ts t 30 'l 33 :":l 6 ,'ol' 27 il G trl 256 I 27 'l ;:l;l;""1: I 'ul 257 26 E 4l ? G ,l 258 23 259 26 ? r:l E :li I i:':,1?,':,1: T i:"1i1, 260 26 I H e I *'1,'1" F 261 26 P T P .t | 26 E G ;l ,3elrelP ",, I I ,', Lu, 26 P ? zol i 240 l2elP I Luo 26 P P .l T I t "l 26 H r ::1"'"1" G ,l I zaalzrlr G ;l P ,ol f; 32 P G I ?r,r, I29 I P G lt" "t,l P P 27 I I F :l-l 32 32 P T *l ;:l;l: ,l [;:: I tzl ,,0 ? F ;i B | E E ,, l ro zzt 3t ,l f, I " I' F ztz 31 H ,l ,, I I ;iii;:l: I t ttolzgl" I 273 31 P 'l | 'l B G 31 ? ,l t ,rrirrla 31 P ,ai ,rrlrol, c I ,rrirol, ;1 t::::, 32 ? ^^ I ii I I -33- tcc.trr0:{ r03Js1 vEcc?ArIo)t LOCATION .-r'oR:sT vrctt\T!o]I F F d * 2 3 s z a;tti;l= 4 t g o c F F 27'1 P 35 300 36 P G 6 218 32 H E 301 36 P c r9 2't9 P F r.5 302 36 ? c 15 230 P ? 10 P c 8 32 I F 5 304 36 P P 30 2 32 P T 305 36 P T 5 283 P ! 306 36 P I 5 32 P ? 5 307 P F 16 285 32 ? F 303 36 P F 8 32 P ! 5 309 36 ? E 340 27 237 P 7 7 31C P F 7 P 8 35 P r 10 4 289 32 ? F 20 3L2 36 P F 290 32 P i 313 35 ? F 20 297 32 I F 10 3t4 35 H c 13 35 P C 3ls ? F 20 35 ? ? s 35 ? 31 294 P F 'l 36 P P 10 36 ? F 5 31S 34 ? G 20 '7 295 P F r0 319 P ? 29i i, 5 320 33 ? F 7 5 293 35 ? s 32t 33 ? c 7 299 26 r6 t -34- t0c{Tro)l IOR,NST ViG'IAfiOJ T,OCATION . FOREST \'ECEA1fiO]I I F e c :.] F E fr 5 F tsI 33 P G 25 P F 8 325 }I F 6 33 P I 7 321 33 P T 10 P F 7 329 P P 40 330 P F 6 331 H r 8 33 P r 15 H 20 37 E 3 37 H t 25 -3 5- t- AP?trN.DIX C Forest Acr:eage b)' To'"ilship' Range and Sectj-on -36- I L0cATl0N r.OlEST T1?E LOCATION .: e 3 sn F E 6 st: F 32 5 5 40 24 5 51 42 '7 25 4 11 26 14 52 41 2 5 27 19 3 B 29 3 9 7 31 4 43 10 5 33 9 \5 4 34 2 16 40 10 23 4 20 3 36 5 52 42 4 6 54 47 72 15 4 13 72 9 10 \4 18 16 6 15 2 5 2\ 8 2C 8 31 5 2l 13 20 6 11 9 33 5 55 38 35 43 10 53 !+I 2 55 39 1 6 '!.0 53 13 2 120 54 ,o 14 10 2 11 5 24 5 12 5 -37 - TYPE LOCATION FOR.EST TYPE LOCATION rO?{IST tetE {--I ti a6l2.6lB l3 122< .ldl !!51@t< -1-21>zl < 55 39 \2 40 66 13 6 ,:l 73 U+ .,.1,,1 ii 15 B 'l 19 28 I 2L I _- I 10. r) I TT ,l 15 25 t2 13 l4 26 tljl 13 27 14 ;l 15 28 ,l I 20 17 I 29 16 20 30 t7 ,aI 18 ,o I I 19 8 ,i 33 ttllt I 20 'ol 35 21 30 ^l I 22 I 36 I 23 10 24 1 55 LO 1 I 15 2 'i 26 15 3 'I" ! 27 2l I i I I lt\'\ i -34- LOCATION FOFIS1 If.PE LOCATION FOR:ST TI.PE e .-t F ts ae ?2 ;f z iri E- a 7 55 40 ;:l::1 1B ::l"l ,rlrrl I ,o 19 9: I 74 56 39 ",t.,I 21 15 ;l"l 29 16 B ". I .l ,, I t2 5 6 ol., I 15 34 35 12 21 15 I 5 24 ,l"l i5 12 I 55 ,16 I 55 47 I I za 4 13 tl tr 20 t2 al I ql 14 '1 56 1 l" ,;l 6s 11 ::l,l tu ! 12 ,r 22', , "1 I I I r:! 1s 2. I :: I 10 i ,,i,ou 8 ;i I 22 ,l t2 i 38 1 I 23 Iit '.1 I 35 3 :l 38 I ,,1 | ''l I isl cz A ,l o t.. rr I 2t+ I ,1, i I,l | ,'u ..1 2r it I I 19 I ol I t,, zo I t1 li I ,' I I I ,'. I I I 'o l"l I,CC-qtr0:,r FOR..ST TY?E LOCATIO)I FORIST l1?: vul 9n FT 6 6 a ;it 56 39 2t 56 40 17 l4s 22 lrs 24 18 ,l:i ':':,1i1 12 19 51 20 10 30 57 1 20 113 ,rl n !2 2 rt I B ,, I 9 23 3 'l 7 ,ulu, 18 '7 4 sl 3 ,rlrt 10 40 15 ,o uo 14 15 I I I :r ros 11 10 ,ol." 23 I 1?12? 10 11 is112 28 18 t2 sl I 13 13 t' II': I 14 zslze I 56 t+O 15 7 4 21 ;t': ., 1 8 oalrs lli' 18 '17 10 6 24 ltt g lzo 10 25 ro I ro i7,. I 23 'n I 2 -40- I,OC.\TIOtI FOP'IST TYP' I-OC.\TION FOREST T1?E tr e -? t9 9R 6 F a 3B 26 28 20 l,: i 29 Ito 32 13 33. 1. 34 l, 35 10 l. 35 I' 39 120 ? I 'o 3 I, I 'o 4 5 t,, 6 l" 7 8 li l'I 10 i 15 u 18 I ii 58 33 I I 3 I t: 20 4 3 18 2i -4r- APPENDIX D l4aps i/ I I ! (i E I I F I I I i 'rd.' i\rairo@ll!an D.d. cou6lv ?tnnnlng oeparinent l', t. ,tf it-:L T nIE _T ,l G;POENS .1 I'14? 1 RAr:cE 41 si:a":c\ 31 32 T$i'}rs;i1? 51 sacTlcr 654 TGitiSilI!' 52 789 -44- .-:) L__( ui z!J -t_ i - ;l: t :l ; 5T.l . l 44 srcilcN 34 35 Tornls i11? 51 RA:\CE 41 s2 aL\cE 41 SECTIO}I TO.''liSitl? 10 11 12 - 13- e o:ft- ,rC ;o ".:) c' c+)> r€ ta..,.l i6,N '24\'-J.'- I t t I ! I'A" 3 it E 1 TgllisHr? 51 ; sscrio)l 31 I 42 SECTION 654 T6,llrs:l1P 52 t"tltcE Ji ji 789 I -45- .L: e: 9 I OPA. 1. AIRPORT l.,. r= r1 \ lt 5T. -: I1"" o t_---- o c I S-. GRA"iIGN it i I r'a? 4 R\\CE 41 sac:10:l 18 17 15 TO,-iisiilP 52 I 19 20 2l i! 30 29 2A -41- I i ll ;l 113 r }IAP 5 41 sEcrlc,'l 15 14 13 TC1IiNSHIP 52 Rt\cE 22 23 26 :.-t #', \ii /9 a\ 2L I =^" }tAP 6 s:clroN 18 77 76 TOr.lNSill? 52 R.,ltG? 42 t9 20 21- 30 29 28 -49- r ;1 'I t c u s -ts A Y .-.,t / i : -o i\si/ c .! .t I 1.. .i I 1, .Bl o o 0 }L\P 7 sic110N 6 5 Tgn{s'ar? 53 Ilf'iicE 42 7 8 -30- - t_i- l.l= -rt t. l----]---]. ) t- " n ''l .'.\ 'l---J-!r,:*--t":' }IAP 8 53 L{.\GE 41 s ac110:{ 22 23 24 mlilislrlP 27 26 25 34 35 36 -51- -*_--.-=t= I'IA? 9 &I\GE }} S:CAIO)I TOl;itSlIIl ti 1s 13 3( l:' l. ' I 1il;i-:.L.,Jr-.'ti..l 1r'l 1.,I .1 Ll ,i..-1 ? D lAP 10 R{\GE 41 szaTro:l 3 TO,INSIIIP 54 10 11 1' 13 -53- :l )( T L \ \ ,-, "'-t )3'. I r.1A? 11 secrrcx 19 20 2L Tgd'r,EHi? 54 RAr\CE 40 30 29 31 32 -54- T ;fj,:-jrl.ti MAP 12 54 RAr'lcE 40 siicllO:l 22 23 To!{}Sgr? 26 34 35 36 -5 5- 1t? t. MIAMI :( a\ o I o :l IlA? i3 sfcrrc\ 19 20 2! TOItrrsmP 54 R.u.rcE 41 30 29 28 31 32 33 -56- '\Ir \\ I { t. ) .---- -ol rG+!_ \ I I ;S:I Ii / I la" 14 s:cTIo:{ 3 2L TOtNSltrP'55 RAI\GE 3 9 10 Ll L2 15 14 13 7,7. E JUN IC? LEGE 74. 4x 41 :)r /.r (, / \,.._t ..1 : jl 6 I ; C? ;I sT. ;/l 87 ."1: E+ ,/,/'; ,//4 ..,: t,421f:- [iorrTGC]rlERY -r=/y'/ :l :r . "/,//( . k,5i, i- fti\/// I. :f*: !.k rll : 9 .[J ,I :iI t 1il :lT 9l_.1 I .;.,:l :l f'-:\- I I uqp 15 40 sEc?I05 4 TOIn]SHiP 55 F-d-IICX 7 9 18 t7 16 -58- . . 3r-::---- ., at ;l - t,,.: >- *( ;f ., i I .'...--1 :l { =1 .:i-.-- !t t- -r-i :--+ :t .l:l I . .l -il - 1...1_rl I .-l I \ :i I 'l'l l !,.1'l I I l' n:le l-L: J: ilLr-' l:l !l | 1 ; _t: i= ':-. t llri!=l . ' d:t.li:l'l E :J/1"/./yn;/./ ::lrl lF. l/li I : ;iE't.F'llll:['' 'l; l'Lfl\Y \ DAlV E ; : i---T--- r 1 .t ,l .l-. .,i= -. : :l I jo //[ :t ...',.. / c'-- /-. !rA.P 16 40 SECTIO:T 3 1 Tg,.llrsHr? 55 Rtrci 10 11 15 74 13 -59- I (v./ (r" c/ MATHE5ON HAMMOI -l ltc? 17 41 s Ecrrc-'l 5 lor,lNsttlP 55 P-t\c; I 18 17 -60- }IA? 18 SECTION 36 ToI,l'!!St[? 55 RA:iGE 33 -6 r- ilt t lr' t! I q4. sT. I is. 6-7. 6,6. 134 si. r.{AP 19 5:Ci10:i 19 20 27 rOI{tEHI? 29 30 l '+ 31 /.,r.- - 62- r- '1, r--t \l- _ ST \'; _-::' :r:1'.:-::i::': :,:.: K_ .,i- :l+:'.':-..1.5..,i ..: .:: I I UP=KA RA,\GE 3 9 sEciio\ 22 23 24 TO;ISHIP 55 27 26 25 34 -63- <. // I \i Lr- _.1 t"';) t'./ \ . ,-I f :-*:i;l:lr i: ,ir-r_j!"]€tl:i. i=-r---l -l I ., 'l | ,-;:-:-s\ ,,- l! .' | -:"a.j1:,ri:l- , " " . r.t\P 21 s:fr1oil 19 2C 2l TC\.tllsHrP 55 Rq.NGE 40 30 29 28 31 32 33 -64- .t,' 1-l .l il l:l:I ;,1 : - l:L:i I /-\'* I ' \. 1- .r ir'-=l--{ * I ;t{- i. Ff-,.r-irr- - l'l::-- -! e]..' Li 9El. ',#'ln; l-- cl.-- ji-= j ji-_-__Jil Lr JIII I l'1.. t lri=r*:-.]: I :\ II :\ ;+:l YAP 22 sEc!10i1 22 TOI,INSIIIP 55 R.\,\GD 40 27 26 25 34 35 -65- ?t JE'. Ir 33. l3? l3l. .,, .- I }rdP 23 56 RA}IGE 38 S E'TION 22----2i-'--4+ TolrNsr{IP 2f-26-2' 34--i5----36- -65- -t t97 t66., :l OUAILI gj 21 ) 8.i. I o E ,2( s.lv- 232 r'L{? 24 sEcTlo:i 101NSr{rP 56 RANCE 39 7a9 18 17 16 -67- *< ) I ,) r9?' lb. s'r. vts, I E D RIVE )at. g" )x''. \ tal. \.-__^L-:: |.83. . ,-= t-- lll U I ,.-. l"'-,,. \?\t- F 'l DRIVE IE4. ILA.I, 25 SECTION 3 2l TO^I}ISBIP 55 t-\itcE 39 10 Ll 72 15 14 13 -64- u/.;:.= \\1 /:=-_J ,:;t/\ ; ):,1 'tJ.: Ai ;l : ::1 , =6r:-..- : 26?,ll'r .J l ( lrl l.t\P 26 SECTION 65 Tor^'I,ist[P 5 6 R\l:cE 40 78 9 18 17 16 r'L{P 27 SECTION 3 TOl.mstiIP 5 5 RqrIGl 40 10 -7t- z I tI I |36. I Itia. 1j.8- lt7. I ,\,f' *' f a ul l'' I tr'o.: yb il;l ;lrl I lr W .l ( | \a+' l'' DI: BAU ER l:r 'I /i€. I F t- __ilH. t52 E o t-: L !i J a u-z I ,os' d. ,l !t zl.f- z ?i fr t r.t. l 3F s s.w ?so t J" VIAP 23 s:c?:c:i 22 23 24 TOtlllSHrP 56 RA'ISI 38 27 26 25 34 35 36 -71- o : l! !l 2 i E' liJ z lrl i F 21A zqI IaEo' 2F. \ ]';rf246 : o a 245. 250.1 fi //.(+n \== iE t I ,//";, je_f ! r.)I :i i2 1r - I RTNGE 39 s:c!io! 19 20 2\ TO:,rrsIlIP 5 5 3C 29 28 31 32 -72- 2ti. : 213- 2t6 2t7.' I I DRIV' .l I \ ?26. 2,2a. i '-f 225. :{ I 'i,l I 2t lz .l li I I I I I I I ? i I :lrl* 39 s:tr1o)I 22 23 24 TO;,DISIITP 56 EANGE 27 26 25 34 35 35 -7 3- HO',1ESTE AD A IRPOR'T 3 o o tt uAP 31 RANCE 38 s EcnoN 54 to{NsurP 57 s9 17 16 -7 4- o c) j !l 268 26+.. 1l 276. 2 t-7. I I ,... I !'.-i', a'7 q. t l"uu. : -- L_\ n28t ri:l:lr :l,ri : n r! ?87.,s rLJ DRt VE sr Ol zaala27'a l al I I ,, it aqo. I l- l,L ,1.r 3 F CATAL l:-I: l'l\P 32 sEcTl0:.r 321 TCI,{NSHI? 57 Rqj\cE 38 10 11 12 15 14 13 -75- (f I I :+0,"9 :i I t1.,,1 o 1""'l t9 s.w. ,9 I I ,ios ,/ ii vo'v ( =t\ r't\P 33 57 P-\\CE 39 s Ecrlolt 6 )4 ToI,INSHI? 7 89 13 t7 16 -76- ;( li 3r8. L:QIU t'l .ttlt i:--" 'o^rt 12/ ') AIRFORCgBASE I I I I I \---- : r'tA? 34 RAr\CE 39 sEc:i0N 321 TC'{NSIIIP :.0 11 12 15 14 13 -17- o J !,1 s4rroi{ TO,{N'SI[? 57 RT.\GE 38 29 28 32 33 -i8- ? 18. 2c1. aoo. r 2?5. F z IA2qL- =o 2q5. 3loI I 3 . LUCiLL: 306. ?t6. fI t) I3 t7. r"l{P 36 38 s lcTro:{ TO..{risuP 57 RA.\G 27 26 25 34 35 36 -79- rf., ,") t_ ,i,ERO]TT GEN:iAL CORP. -<3 6 r-r SECIION 654 Tdv-llSHIP 5 3 RI.\GE 38 789 IB -80-