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Graphical Programming Tools for Electrical Engineering Higher Education GRAPHICAL PROGRAMMING TOOLS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING HIGHER EDUCATION Graphical Programming Tools for Electrical Engineering Higher Education doi:10.3991/ijoe.v7i1.1403 E. Lunca1, S. Ursache1 and O. Neacsu1 1Technical University of Iasi, Romania Abstract—As the engineering education and computer tech- Because LabVIEW dramatically simplifies and accelerates nologies for industry merge, the opportunities for teaching the design projects, the educators have incorporated Lab- and learning will also expand. In such context, a large num- VIEW in a large variety of courses, from introductory ber of academic courses that teach electrical engineering classes to graduate-level studies. It can be used both in concepts have incorporated the graphical programming as classrooms (or laboratories), for in-class concept demon- educational tool for student use. The current paper discuses strations and prototype implementation, and in homework, some of the most popular graphical programming packages, to compute, simulate and identify solutions to engineering identifies two alternative solutions and shows how the vir- problems. Note that, because the appearance and operation tual instrumentation approach pioneered by LabVIEW may of the LabVIEW programs imitate physical instruments, enhance the electrical engineering curricula. such as oscilloscopes or multimeters, they are called vir- tual instruments or VIs. Index Terms—graphical programming, virtual instrumenta- The LabVIEW programming is extremely intuitive. tion, electrical engineering (EE), higher education. Disposing of various objects, such as terminals, constants, structures, functions and subVIs (sub-virtual instruments), I. INTRODUCTION LabVIEW allows users to define the behavior of their applications by dragging and dropping these objects onto As the graphical programming has grown in popularity, a diagram, and connecting them through wires, as neces- its usage in the educational field has become an important sary. Each terminal in the block diagram has a correspon- preoccupation for more and more universities all over the dent on the front panel window (the graphical user inter- world. In electrical engineering, graphical programming face of the virtual instrument), which acts either as a data environments like NI LabVIEW and Agilent VEE have input or a data output. Generally, this programming ap- now the potential to enhance the content of a large variety proach is very well received by students, many of them of courses [1-14], offering teachers the opportunity to de- stating that the LabVIEW platform is highly accessible velop new educational tools in the form of “virtual in- and efficient for learning. struments”. LabVIEW comes with hundreds of ready-to-use exam- By integrating PCs and commercial technologies, the ple VIs. Moreover, it integrates configurable Express VIs virtual instrumentation approach is ideal to implement that significantly reduce the development time and com- software-based versions of the real-world instruments, plexity associated with adding analysis and signal process- increasing the versatility of the existing hardware with ing algorithms into user applications. Finally, instructors minimal cost. This, in combination with the intuitive na- and students may save time and acquire new ideas by vis- ture of the dataflow programming, allows educators to iting the National Instruments’ academic web site, where create a richer learning environment that greatly facilitates they can access labs, exercises and tutorials covering a the hands-on experimentation. Likewise, the students may large number of electrical engineering disciplines. develop their own applications without needing extensive knowledge of programming techniques, often associated Agilent VEE (originally known as HP VEE) is a “vis- with text-based engineering software. Thus, they will be ual engineering environment” designed to quickly develop able to focus on exploring concepts and solving engineer- and automate measurements and tests. It is characterized ing problems, rather than learning programming nuances. by its ability to control a large variety of instruments, as well as its focus on high-level task-oriented blocks. II. POPULAR GRAPHICAL PROGRAMMING TOOLS FOR Programming with VEE also requires creating block ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING diagrams, but the VEE programs do not necessitate im- plementing front panels. However, if a user interface has Because of the advantages of graphical programming, a to be developed, this can be done by simply adding ob- range of software tools for different areas of electrical jects and “UserFunctions” to a front panel. engineering have been developed by industry. As a natural result, some of these products started to play an important As in the case of LabVIEW, Agilent VEE comes with role in the EE higher education, as well. built-in tutorials and sample programs. Both environments have student editions at affordable prices, intended to help LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engi- students in designing graphical programming solutions to neering Workbench) is an industry-standard, fully- their classroom problems and laboratory experiments. featured graphical programming language, offered by Na- Academic programs for universities aimed to help educa- tional Instruments since 1986 and extensively used for tors to teach these two software platforms and to include developing test, control and measurement applications. them in course curriculum are also available. iJOE – Volume 7, Issue 1, February 2011 19 GRAPHICAL PROGRAMMING TOOLS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING HIGHER EDUCATION DASYlab is an “icon-based data acquisition, graphics, teaching MATLAB / Simulink related courses. Further- control and analysis software” developed by DasyTec. In more, a large volume of other educational resources, such DASYlab, module icons are placed on a worksheet win- as downloadable code and models, is also available for dow and connected with wires in a schematic diagram, classroom instruction or individual learning. which defines the flow of data through the system. Each At the moment, the MATLAB / Simulink software can icon in the diagram represents an input, operation or out- be linked to many other commercial products, including put function. some of those presented in this paper. For instance, The DASYlab flowcharts have an appearance similar to through the LabVIEW Simulation Interface Toolkit, it is the LabVIEW block diagrams, but there are some underly- possible to build custom user interfaces for models created ing differences between the graphical methodologies used in the Simulink environment, while using the LabVIEW by these two environments. National Instruments, which Math Interface Toolkit allows calling LabVIEW VIs di- now owns both products, states that “although LabVIEW rectly from the MATLAB environment. Similarly, built-in does not provide as much automatic data handling of MATLAB Script objects, which provide access to the measurement information as DASYLab, it contains a functionality of MATLAB, are available for Agilent VEE more flexible and powerful programming interface that users (the VEE Student Edition requires MATLAB to be allows you to define advanced and complex programs installed on the user machine). quickly” [15]. Anyway, since DASYLab has a very short user-learning curve, it can be easily integrated in any III. ALTERNATIVE GRAPHICAL SOLUTIONS measurement laboratory. Until now, a number of software products that use a Snap-Master (from HEM Data Corporation) is a com- graphical programming approach were presented. How- plete software package designed to quickly acquire test ever, there are graphical software packages based on dif- data. It uses an intuitive flowchart approach based on ferent approaches, intended to eliminate or make transpar- icons (specific functions) connected through “data pipes”, ent to users the programming aspects. Two such products which defines the data flow between these functions. Sim- are briefly discussed below. ply double clicking on an icon brings up a dialog box or DADiSP (pronounced day-disp) is a visually oriented table containing all the settings for that function. software package for displaying, managing, analyzing and The product philosophy of Snap-Master lies in three presenting scientific and technical data, acting as an “in- “no programming” modules (Data Acquisition, Waveform teractive graphics worksheet”. A DADiSP worksheet is Analyzer and Frequency Analyzer), which can operate as comprised of analysis windows that contain either raw stand-alone packages, or integrated into a complete data data or data transformed by one of the analysis functions acquisition and analysis solution. Additionally, add-on of DADiSP, which are shown as graphs or tables. Through programming modules are available for extending its ca- formulas, the data or graph in a window can be related to pabilities beyond the data acquisition solutions whenever those in other windows, permitting users to define their necessary. own analysis chain without programming. When new data Because Snap-Master is very simple to use, it can be in- is loaded into a raw data window, all the dependent win- tegrated in the educational laboratories carrying out meas- dows will automatically recalculate and update. urements, as well. An attractive feature of Snap-Master For education, a great advantage of DADiSP consists in consists in its “Sensor Database”, which automatically its free student edition – a 9-windowed, menu-driven converts acquired data
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