Vorwort 9 Die Tat 13 Die Schüsse Von Paris 13 Der Täter 21 Herschels

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Vorwort 9 Die Tat 13 Die Schüsse von Paris 13 Der Täter 21 Herschels Kindheit in Hannover 21 Herschel in Paris 33 Illegal und staatenlos 44 Das Opfer 52 Das Doppelleben des Ernst vom Rath 52 Warum die NS-Arzte den Diplomaten sterben ließen 62 Der überraschende Tod des Botschafters Roland Köster. 74 Die »Polenaktion« 81 Die Ausweisung der polnischen Juden im Oktober 1938 . .81 Nach dem Attentat 105 Die ersten zwei Verhöre 105 Reaktionen auf die Tat 109 Die Ermittlungen 113 Untersuchungen in Frankreich und im Reich 113 Der ungehinderte Zugang zur deutschen Botschaft 118 http://d-nb.info/103451587X Die Reichspogromnacht 121 Der 9. November 1958 121 Das Schicksalsjahr 1938 127 Märtyrer der Bewegung 130 Die Trauerfeierlichkeiten für Ernst vom Rath 130 Im Gefängnis 139 Der Prozess gegen Abraham und Chawa Grynszpan 139 Der Kampf der Advokaten um Herschels Verteidigung. 147 Hilfe aus dem Ausland 157 •gggsi Die AuseinandersetzungenO in der Familie 163 Briefe an und von Herschel 168 Die Situation in Frankreich 173 Die Anwälte 182 Vincent de Moro-Giafferi, der »Tenor der Anwälte« 182 Der Nazi-Anwalt Friedrich Grimm 190 Goebbels' Erfüllungsgehilfe Wolfgang Diewerge 193 Der Anwalt Maurice Gargon in Diensten der Nationalsozialisten 201 Schleppende Ermittlungen 206 Prozessvorbereitungen in Deutschland 206 Die Grynszpans als »kriminelle Mischpoke« 212 Vergebliche Suche nach Hintermännern 215 Der Stimmungsumschwung in Frankreich 223 Warnung an Goebbels 225 Propaganda am Vorabend des Krieges 231 Flucht vor den Deutschen 235 Der Weg der Familie Grynszpan 235 Herschels Odyssee durch Frankreich 237 Im KZ Sachsenhausen 252 Der Prozess, der niemals stattfand 264 Die Anklageschri ft des Volksgerichtshofs 264 Die Vorbereitungen für den Schauprozess 268 Der Ablaufplan für den Prozess 273 Die Bedeutung des Schauprozesses 284 Die Massenvernichtung wird geplant 284 Ein Pamphlet zur Einstimmung auf den Prozess 290 Aufarbeitung im Nachkriegsdeutschland 295 Grimms Märchen 295 Der Publizist Michael Graf'Soltikow 297 Vom Rath und die Pariser Halbwelt 300 Kein Beweis für eine Beziehungstat 306 Nachwirkungen 318 Manipulationsversuche 321 Die Geschichte einer Legende 325 Vergebene Chancen? 333 Die Grynszpans in Israel 340 Epilog 345 Anhang 349 Verzeichnis wichtiger Personen 349 Abbildungsnachweis 350 Literatur 351 Quellen 357 Register 359 .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Jews, Masculinity, and Political Violence in Interwar France
Jews, Masculinity, and Political Violence in Interwar France Richard Sonn University of Arkansas On a clear, beautiful day in the center of the city of Paris I performed the first act in front of the entire world. 1 Scholom Schwartzbard, letter from La Santé Prison In this letter to a left-wing Yiddish-language newspaper, Schwartzbard explained why, on 25 May 1926, he killed the former Hetman of the Ukraine, Simon Vasilievich Petliura. From 1919 to 1921, Petliura had led the Ukrainian National Republic, which had briefly been allied with the anti-communist Polish forces until the victorious Red Army pushed both out. Schwartzbard was a Jewish anarchist who blamed Petliura for causing, or at least not hindering, attacks on Ukrainian Jews in 1919 and 1920 that resulted in the deaths of between 50,000 and 150,000 people, including fifteen members of Schwartzbard's own family. He was tried in October 1927, in a highly publicized court case that earned the sobriquet "the trial of the pogroms" (le procès des pogroms). The Petliura assassination and Schwartzbard's trial highlight the massive immigration into France of central and eastern European Jews, the majority of working-class 1 Henry Torrès, Le Procès des pogromes (Paris: Editions de France, 1928), 255-7, trans. and quoted in Felix and Miyoko Imonti, Violent Justice: How Three Assassins Fought to Free Europe's Jews (Amherst, MA: Prometheus, 1994), 87. 392 Jews, Masculinity, and Political Violence 393 background, between 1919 and 1939. The "trial of the pogroms" focused attention on violence against Jews and, in Schwartzbard's case, recourse to violence as resistance.
[Show full text]
Histoirevivante 22-04-2016
8 HISTOIRE VIVANTE LA LIBERTÉ VENDREDI 22 AVRIL 2016 Le mystérieux crime de la Nuit de cristal III E REICH • Selon les nazis, le pogrom de novembre 1938 a été déclenché par le meurtre d’un diplomate allemand à Paris. Geste spontané, complot juif, affaire de mœurs ou coup monté? Corinne Chaponnière a mené l’enquête. PROPOS RECUEILLIS PAR PASCAL FLEURY Prémices de la Shoah, la Nuit de cristal a été impitoyable. En quelques heures, entre le 9 et le 10 no - vembre 1938, 7500 commerces juifs ont été saccagés dans toute l’Allemagne nazie, en Autriche et dans les Sudètes, près de 300 sy - nagogues ont été incendiées et une centaine de juifs assassinés. Les jours qui ont suivi, 30 000 juifs ont été déportés vers des camps de concentration. Ces violences ont été expli - quées par les nazis comme étant des représailles populaires spon - tanées après le meurtre, deux jours plus tôt à Paris, de l’attaché d’ambassade Ernst vom Rath par un jeune juif polonais de 17 ans, Herschel Grynszpan. L’événe - ment a fait l’objet de nombreuses hypothèses. S’agissait-il du geste désespéré d’un juif sans papiers, d’un complot juif, d’une affaire privée ou d’un coup monté par la Gestapo pour justifier le pogrom? La journaliste Corinne Chapon - nière a investigué durant trois ans Des milliers de commerces juifs ont été saccagés par des sections d’assaut nazies lors de la Nuit de cristal. La propagande a prétendu qu’il s’agissait de représailles pour en savoir plus. Son enquête populaires en réaction au meurtre du diplomate Ernst vom Rath (en haut) par le juif Herschel Grynszpan (en bas).
[Show full text]
Kristallnacht- the Night of Broken Glass
Kristallnacht- The Night of Broken Glass From “America and the Holocaust”a film by American Experience On the night of November 9, 1938, the sounds of breaking glass shattered the air in cities throughout Germany while fires across the country devoured synagogues and Jewish institutions. By the end of the rampage, gangs of Nazi storm troopers had destroyed 7,000 Jewish businesses, set fire to more than 900 synagogues, killed 91 Jews and deported some 30,000 Jewish men to concentration camps. In a report back to the State Department a few days later, a U.S official in Leipzig described what he saw of the atrocities. "Having demolished dwellings and hurled most of the moveable effects to the streets," he wrote, "the insatiably sadistic perpetrators threw many of the trembling inmates into a small stream that flows through the zoological park, commanding horrified spectators to spit at them, defile them with mud and jeer at their plight." An incident several days earlier had given the Nazi authorities an excuse to instigate the violence. On November 7th, a 17-year-old Polish Jewish student named Hershel Grynszpan had shot Ernst vom Rath, the Third Secretary of the German Embassy in Paris. Grynszpan, enraged by the deportation of his parents to Poland from Hanover, Germany, where they had lived since 1914, hoped that his dramatic action would alert the world to the ominous plight of Europe's Jews. When the French police arrested Grynszpan, he sobbed: "Being a Jew is not a crime. I am not a dog. I have a right to live and the Jewish people have a right to exist on earth.
[Show full text]
{PDF} Goebbels Kindle
GOEBBELS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Peter Longerich | 992 pages | 16 Jun 2016 | Vintage Publishing | 9780099523697 | English | London, United Kingdom Joseph Goebbels () | American Experience | Official Site | PBS There will come a day, when all the lies will collapse under their own weight, and truth will again triumph. It is the absolute right of the State to supervise the formation of public opinion. We enter parliament in order to supply ourselves, in the arsenal of democracy, with its own weapons. If democracy is so stupid as to give us free tickets and salaries for this bear's work, that is its affair. We do not come as friends, nor even as neutrals. We come as enemies. As the wolf bursts into the flock, so we come. It would not be impossible to prove with sufficient repetition and a psychological understanding of the people concerned that a square is in fact a circle. They are mere words, and words can be molded until they clothe ideas and disguise. We shall reach our goal, when we have the power to laugh as we destroy, as we smash, whatever was sacred to us as tradition, as education, and as human affection. The essence of propaganda consists in winning people over to an idea so sincerely, so vitally, that in the end they succumb to it utterly and can never escape from it. If you tell a lie long enough, it becomes the truth. The English follow the principle that when one lies, it should be a big lie, and one should stick to it. Whoever can conquer the street will one day conquer the state, for every form of power politics and any dictatorship-run state has its roots in the street.
[Show full text]
Anti-Semitic Propaganda and the Christian Church in Hitler's Germany
Advances in Historical Studies, 2018, 7, 1-14 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ahs ISSN Online: 2327-0446 ISSN Print: 2327-0438 Anti-Semitic Propaganda and the Christian Church in Hitler’s Germany: A Case of Schrödinger’s Cat Angelo Nicolaides School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, Midrand, South Africa How to cite this paper: Nicolaides, A. Abstract (2018). Anti-Semitic Propaganda and the Christian Church in Hitler’s Germany: A In his epic Mein Kampf, Adolf Hitler made a point of disparaging the intelli- Case of Schrödinger’s Cat. Advances in gentsia. He asserted that propaganda was the most effective tool to use in po- Historical Studies, 7, 1-14. litical campaigns since especially the popular masses generally possessed li- https://doi.org/10.4236/ahs.2018.71001 mited astuteness and were generally devoid of intellect. This article examines Received: December 5, 2017 the part played by Nazi propaganda in bolstering the National Socialist cause Accepted: March 13, 2018 and how it netted the German youth. Nazi indoctrination nurtured racial ha- Published: March 16, 2018 tred and resulted in especially vitriolic anti-Semitism. The policy of Gleich- schaltung (coordination) brought state governments, professional bodies, Copyright © 2018 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. German political parties and a range of cultural bodies under the Nazi um- This work is licensed under the Creative brella, thus education, legal systems and the entire economy became “cap- Commons Attribution International tured” entities. Germany became dominated by the effective propaganda ma- License (CC BY 4.0). chine via which virtually all aspects of life was dictated.
[Show full text]
Timeline-Of-The-Holocaust.Pdf
The Holocaust, 1933 – 1945 Educational Resources Kit Timeline of the Holocaust: 1933 – 1945 1933 January 30 Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany March 22 Dachau concentration camp opens April 1 Boycott of Jewish shops and businesses April 7 Laws for Reestablishment of the Civil Service barred Jews from holding civil service, university, and state positions April 26 Gestapo established May 10 Public burnings of books written by Jews, political dissidents, and others not approved by the state July 14 Law stripping East European Jewish immigrants of German citizenship 1934 August 2 Hitler proclaims himself Führer und Reichskanzler (Leader and Reich Chancellor). Armed forces must now swear allegiance to him 1935 May 31 Jews barred from serving in the German armed forces September 15 "Nuremberg Laws": anti-Jewish racial laws enacted; Jews no longer considered German citizens; Jews could not marry Aryans; nor could they fly the German flag November 15 Germany defines a "Jew": anyone with three Jewish grandparents; someone with two Jewish grandparents who identifies as a Jew 1936 March 3 Jewish doctors barred from practicing medicine in German institutions March 7 Germans march into the Rhineland, previously demilitarized by the Versailles Treaty June 17 Himmler appointed the Chief of German Police July Sachsenhausen concentration camp opens October 25 Hitler and Mussolini form Rome-Berlin Axis 1937 July 15 Buchenwald concentration camp opens Simon Wiesenthal Center-Museum of Tolerance Library & Archives For more information contact
[Show full text]
Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht ("Crystal Night" or "Night of the Broken Glass"). Pogrom (massacre or riot against Jews) carried out by the Nazis throughout Germany and Austria on November 9-10, 1938. The name Kristallnacht refers to the glass of the shop windows smashed by the rioters. Officially, Kristallnacht was launched in retaliation for the assassination on November 7 of a German embassy official in Paris - named Ernst vom Rath - by a young Jewish refugee named Herschel Grynszpan. On November 9 vom Rath died of his injuries. That same night, a group of Nazi leaders gathered in Munich to commemorate the anniversary of Hitler’s (failed) attempt to take over the Bavarian Government in 1923. The Nazi Minister of Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, told the other participants that the time had come to strike at the Jews. The Nazi leaders then sent instructions to their men all over the country - they were not supposed to act as if they had launched the pogrom, but were to participate all the same. Within hours, crazed rioting erupted. The shop windows of Jewish businesses were smashed, the stores looted, hundreds of synagogues and Jewish homes were burnt down and many Jews were physically assaulted. Some 30,000 Jews, many of them wealthy and prominent members of their communities, were arrested and deported to the concentration camps at Dachau, Sachsenhausen, and Buchenwald, where they were subjected to inhumane and brutal treatment and many died. During the pogrom itself, some 90 Jews were murdered. After the pogrom was over, the Nazis continued with severe anti-Jewish measures. The aryanization process of seizing Jewish property was intensified; the Jewish community was forced to pay a fine of one billion reichsmarks, ostensibly as a payback for the death of vom Rath; and the Germans set up a Central Office for Jewish Emigration (Zenstralstelle fuer Juedische Auswanderung) to "encourage" the Jews to leave the country.
[Show full text]
A Nazi German Cartoon Circa 1938 Depicts the Jews As an Octopus Encircling the Globe.1
A Nazi German cartoon circa 1938 depicts the Jews as an octopus encircling the globe.1 1 Plank, Josef. “Churchill and the Great Republic: Seppla, Jews as an Octopus Encircling the Globe.” Library of Congress. 1935-1943. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/churchill/interactive/_html/wc0213.html ANTI-SEMITISM IN NAZI GERMANY Isaac Farhadian From the first century of the Christian Era, economic powerhouses, media owners, for a period reflecting two thousand years of Marxists, World War I backstabbers, and anti-Semitism, there have been three singular World War II instigators.4 The third and final anti-Judaic measures implemented against stage of Hilberg’s cyclical triad was fully European populations of Jewish people: executed under the Nazis’ fanatical belief conversion, expulsion, and complete that Jews initiated the Second World War. annihilation.2 Raul Hilberg argues that anti- The National Socialists did not ―discard the Semitism has had three successive goals past; they built upon it; they did not begin a during its post-Roman era. Hilberg proclaims development; they completed it.‖ 5 that the ―missionaries of Christianity had said The earliest accounts of National Socialist in effect: You have no right to live among us anti-Semitic policies towards Jews originated as Jews. The secular rulers who followed during the infant stages of the socialist proclaimed: You have no right to live among movement which gained ground under the us. The German Nazis decreed: You have no 6 3 highly unpopular Weimar Republic. The right to live.‖ Why was anti-Semitism so lack of stability of the Weimar regime was widespread in Germany, both in the political largely attributed to the humiliating defeat of sphere and in the cultural sphere, and what the Great War, the subjugation of foreign were the contributing factors that led to the oppression, and the economic depression that near-annihilation of European Jewry? 7 followed soon afterwards.
[Show full text]
Kristallnacht: a Nationwide Pogrom, November 9–10, 1938
Kristallnacht: A Nationwide Pogrom, November 9–10, 1938 Kristallnacht, literally, "Night of Crystal," is often referred to as the "Night of Broken Glass." The name refers to the wave of violent anti-Jewish pogroms which took place on November 9 and 10, 1938, throughout Germany, annexed Austria, and in areas of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia recently occupied by German troops. Instigated primarily by Nazi Party officials and members of the SA (Sturmabteilungen: literally Assault Detachments, but commonly known as Storm Troopers) and Hitler Youth, Kristallnacht owes its name to the shards of shattered glass that lined German streets in the wake of the pogrom—broken glass from the windows of synagogues, homes, and Jewish- owned businesses plundered and destroyed during the violence. In its aftermath, German officials announced that Kristallnacht had erupted as a spontaneous outburst of public sentiment in response to the assassination of Ernst vom Rath, a German embassy official stationed in Paris. Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old Polish Jew, had shot the diplomat on November 7, 1938. A few days earlier, German authorities had expelled thousands of Jews of Polish citizenship living in Germany from the Reich; Grynszpan had received news that his parents, residents in Germany since 1911, were among them. Initially denied entry into their native Poland, Grynszpan's parents and the other expelled Polish Jews found themselves stranded in a refugee camp near the town of Zbaszyn in the border region between Poland and Germany. Already living illegally in Paris himself, a desperate Grynszpan apparently sought revenge for his family's precarious circumstances by appearing at the German embassy and shooting the diplomatic official assigned to assist him.
[Show full text]
The Attempt on the Life of Reinhard Heydrich, Architect of the “Final Solution”: a Review of His Treatment and Autopsy George M
FOCUS IMAJ • VOL 16 • AprIL 2014 The Attempt on the Life of Reinhard Heydrich, Architect of the “Final Solution”: A Review of his Treatment and Autopsy George M. Weisz MD FRACS MA1,2 and William R. Albury BA PhD2 1School of Humanities (Program in History of Medicine), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2School of Humanities, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia with the Rath case and raise the possibility of similar political ABSTRACT: Reinhard Heydrich, architect of the “Final solution of the Jewish interference in his medical treatment. problem,” had a meteoric career in the SS. He organized At the time of his death Heydrich was an SS General and the Wannsee Conference and created the SS killing squads. Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia. He was one Under his leadership as Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia of the architects of the Third Reich’s “Final Solution,” which was and Moravia, the suppression of the Czech community was presented at the Wannsee Conference in January 1942. He also brutal. An attempt on his life in Prague was unsuccessful orchestrated the Einsatzgruppen, paramilitary death squads [3]. but it left him severely injured and he died eight days later. Heydrich was “young and intelligent, ... the brutal, despotic Reviewing the available information on his hospital treatment and merciless master of the Nazi Police” [4]. As head of the and the autopsy report, it is suggested that Heydrich received substandard medical treatment, quite likely a result of political SS Main Security Office, he was fanatical in pursuing the interference from rival members of the SS hierarchy.
[Show full text]
The Kristallnacht Pogrom
THE KRISTALLNACHT POGROM “Kristallnacht” refers to the night of November 9, 1938 and the following day, when rampaging mobs throughout Germany, Austria, and areas of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia freely attacked Jews in the street, in their homes, and at their places of work and worship. Tens of thousands of Jews were arrested, hundreds were injured, and almost 100 were murdered; approximately 7,000 Jewish businesses and homes were damaged and looted; 1,400 synagogues were burned; cemeteries and schools were vandalized; and 30,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps. From the time the Nazis had come to power in 1933, they had isolated Jews in Germany and passed many laws to that effect. German Jews lost their citizenship, and thus protection of the law, in 1935. In October 1938, 17,000 Jews living in Germany who held Polish citizenship were arrested and expelled across the Polish border. The Polish government refused to admit them. Stateless refugees, they were treated brutally by the Germans and often had nowhere to sleep but in stables or pigsties. Interior of a synagogue in Nuremberg, Germany, after Among the deportees was the Grynszpan family, Kristallnacht, 1938. Yad Vashem Photo Archive (1806/2) who were forced out of their home by German police. Their store and possessions were confiscated. The family had a 17-year-old son, Herschel, who was living in Paris. He heard about his family’s expulsion in a postcard from his sister, who told him that the family had been left penniless. Distraught, he resolved to avenge them.
[Show full text]
To Honor All Children File4.Pdf
528 Unit VI: Survival, Liberation, and Legacy Unit Goal: The students will recognize and demonstrate empathy for the immensity of the human destruction caused by the Holocaust, for the determination and courage required to go on to build new lives, and for the world's struggle to confront the issues of genocide and moral responsibility to act as "rescuer." Performance Objectives Teaching/Learning Strategies and Activities Instructional Materials/Resources Students will be able to: 1. Discuss the liberation of the camps and A. Survival, Liberation, and Legacy the role of the liberators as witnesses in the post war world. B. Survival and Liberation 2. Analyze and discuss the unique role of 1. "Armageddon Revisited: from the 1. "Armageddon Revisited…" by Paul Zell. those Jews who had escaped their Nazi Holocaust to D-Day, A Survivor's/ Two readings from his personal memoirs persecutors and later returned as Liberator's Tale" by Paul Zell. Two are included in the guide. liberators. readings included in guide with lessons. Paul Zell was a young boy in Vienna, Austria when Kristallnacht convinced his father that the family 2. Visit Internet web sites listed in lesson in had to find a way out of Austria. Later, guide for additional information about living in the United States, Zell returns rescue and liberation. to Europe as a member of the U.S. Army. In the second reading, Zell describes his arrival at Buchenwald and the impact that it has upon him. 2. Liberation: Teens In Concentration 3. Reading selected from a volume of the Camps and the Teen Soldiers Who series Teen Witnesses to the Holocaust.
[Show full text]