DOCSLIB.ORG

America at a Crossroads

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
America at a Crossroads America at a Crossroads Applying the lessons of history to the challenges of today ANNUAL2020 REPORT 2018 CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESIDENCY & CONGRESS CSPC Board Of Trustees Maxmillian Angerholzer III The Honorable Edwin Meese III Institute of International Education The Heritage Foundation Wayne L. Berman The Honorable Glenn C. Nye III Blackstone Group President & CEO Center for the Study of the Presidency & Congress Maury W. Bradsher District Equity Richard G. Phillips, Jr. Pilot Freight Services Eli Broad The Broad Foundations The Honorable Gerald R. Parsky Aurora Capital Group Julia Nickles Bryan YPO Democracy Group The Honorable Thomas R. Pickering CSPC Chairman The Honorable R. Nicholas Burns Hills & Company Harvard Kennedy School H. Gregory Platts Jay Collins National Geographic Society Citi The Honorable Thomas J. Ridge Robert Day Ridge Global, LLC W.M. Keck Foundation Gene Riechers The Honorable Paula J. Dobriansky 1855 Capital Harvard Kennedy School The Honorable Mike Rogers Bradford M. Freeman CSPC David M. Abshire Chair Freeman Spogli & Co. CNN The Honorable David Gergen Gillian Sandler Harvard Kennedy School Galapont Dr. Malik M. Hasan B. Francis Saul III Health Trio, Inc. & NuVue Pharma Saul Investment Group, LLC The Honorable Stuart W. Holliday Pamela Scholl Meridian International Center CSPC Vice Chairman Roy Kapani Dr. Scholl Foundation KapCo Holdings Stephen A. Schwarzman The Honorable Blanche Lincoln Blackstone Group Lincoln Policy Group George Stephanopoulos Daniel Lubin ABC News Radius Ventures Gary Wilson The Honorable Mel Martinez Manhattan Pacific Partners JPMorgan Chase & Co. The Honorable Thomas F. McLarty III McLarty Associates Introduction America at a Crossroads n 2020 America faces a decisive rity as a key underlying issue cutting across all inflection point. As a new great advanced technologies. As a new great pow- power competition takes shape, er paradigm takes shape, we will help create mechanisms for dialogue on vital issues such the race is on to establish stan- as arms control to counter the very real threat Idards in advanced computing and of a nuclear arms race. communications technologies, and to estab- This year will also bring the 50th anniver- lish competitive strengths in these critical sary of the CSPC Presidential Fellows pro- arenas. The outcomes of decisions and moves gram, and we are very excited to continue made this year will determine how well posi- strengthening one of our most valuable func- tioned the United States and its allies are to protect our na- tions—preparing the next generation of American and glob- tional security and way of life in the decades ahead. al leaders of integrity and inspiring them to careers of civic At the same time our country must navigate a complex leadership. As we bring our Presidential Fellows to Washing- era characterized by deep political divisions and historical- ton and help them understand and navigate the policy-mak- ly low confidence in the institutions charged with execut- ing world, we are emphasizing the science and technology is- ing our national strategy and keeping us safe. As the Ameri- sues that will drive some of the most important public policy can people confront an impeachment drama and head into debates in the coming decade. We are also seeking out Fel- a divisive presidential election, they will be bombarded by lows who have focused their studies on technology. the efforts of our adversaries to sow further confusion and Our experience for over 50 years has shown us that ef- discontent with our democratic system. It is vitally impor- forts to convene stakeholders on important national secu- tant that we resist those efforts and not become distracted rity questions and promote bipartisan action to move the at this critical moment. We must maintain our focus on na- country forward can be difficult in a highly polarized -po tional strategic objectives. litical environment. The Center is thus working with all of The work of the Center for the Study of the Presidency its partners, and in coordination with the “Fix the System” & Congress (CSPC) is shaped by that imperative, and in the coalition of reform-minded organizations, to change the year ahead we will focus on convening stakeholders from the incentive structure in our politics to promote bipartisan- Executive Branch, Congress, and private business to ensure ship, consensus-building and a more effective federal gov- the strategic conversation and national focus remain sharp. ernment capable of delivering timely budgets and common sense solutions to the challenges facing the nation. Imple- Our Work in 2020 menting such reforms in today’s hyper-partisan political en- In the coming year we will continue to help shape a national vironment is admittedly a challenge, but helping to fix our security strategy for space, while increasing our focus on ad- broken political and electoral systems remains a critically vanced technologies that hold the key to future security and important mission for the Center, one where we believe our prosperity, from artificial intelligence and machine learning policy work can act as a force multiplier. to 5G communications. In each case we must leverage Amer- On behalf of the Trustees of the Center, we are deeply ica’s core strengths of innovation and entrepreneurship in grateful for your interest in and support of the mission of order to win the global competition now underway. We will CSPC as we rededicate ourselves to the important work promote U.S. relationships and dialogue with key allies, in- ahead in 2020. cluding Japan, “Five Eyes” partners (Canada, Great Britain, Australia and New Zealand), NATO and others democracies in order to strengthen our global position. CSPC will em- ploy our convening power to bring together counterparts Glenn C. Nye III, President and CEO from allied countries to share best practices in cybersecu- Center for the Study of the Presidency & Congress center for the study of the presidency & congress | 1 Contents Section I Promoting Bipartisanship & Informed Debate David M. Abshire Chair Mike Rogers: A New Era of Great Power Competition 4 CSPC Issues Analysis: The Friday News Roundups 8 CSPC in the Media: Timely Commentary on National Challenges 10 National Security: Fact-based Analysis & Reporting on National Defense 12 Section II Restoring Political Civility and Healing Divisions Political Reform: Renewing the Promise of American Democracy 14 Political Reform: A Commission on Civility and Effective Governance 19 The Presidency & Congress: The Historic Tragedy of Impeachment 20 Section III Project Solarium 2020 Space Policy: Securing America’s Space Leadership 24 Information Age Technology: “Geotech” & the Future Balance of Global Power 28 Cybersecurity: A Strategic Dialogue Between Democratic Allies 32 Nuclear Nonproliferation: Rebuilding Nonproliferation Guardrails 34 Section IV Fostering Enlightened Leadership Annual Leadership Awards: Honoring Bipartisan Leadership & Strategic Vision 36 Leadership Awards: An Honor Roll of Leaders 38 Presidential Fellows: Preparing & Inspiring Tomorrow’s Leaders 40 Section V Capturing the Lessons of History The Presidency & Congress: Triumphs & Tragedies in U.S. Governance 44 Counterterrorism: Lessons from America’s Longest Wars 45 Ambassador David M. Abshire Memoirs: How Ronald Reagan Avoided Impeachment 46 The White House: Presidential Studies Quarterly 47 CSPC Reports: Crafting Novel Solutions to National Challenges 48 Cover Photo: Rob Baker Center for the Study of the Presidency & Congress Inside Photos: Rob Baker, Bekah De Boer, Flickr 601 Thirteenth Street, NW Suite 1050N Editor: James Kitfield Washington, DC 20005 Design: Jan Zimmeck Design 202-872-9800 Policy Director: Dan Mahaffee www.thepresidency.org Research: Joshua Huminski Production Assistants: Sara Spancake, Bekah De Boer, Christopher Condon, Erica Ngoenha 2 | center for the study of the presidency & congress Section One Promoting Bipartisanship & Informed Debate IN THE PAST YEAR Americans have witnessed the longest shutdown of the federal government in our history, a historic House impeachment over the president’s alleged abuse of power, and some of the most vitriolic rhetoric to ever coarsen our political discourse. Evidence continues to mount that our domestic politics have entered a sustained period of hyper- partisanship and gridlock, even as challenges to our interests and security continue to mount overseas. The late Ambassador David M. Abshire, the long-time president of the Center for the Study of the Presidency & Congress (CSPC), and a former adviser to numerous presidents, warned in his memoirs that we were heading into these dangerous waters largely because of a great deterioration in civility in our political debates. Today too many of our political leaders claim to revere the Constitution, and yet they reject the spirit of consensus-building and compromise that created it in the first place. At CSPC we have always viewed it as part of our core mission to promote bipartisanship and civility in our politics, the better to find the common ground necessary to move our nation forward. To advance that cause, last year former Representative Mike Rogers, R-MI, became the inaugural David M. Abshire Chair at the Center. Rogers’ spirit of bipartisanship, reputation for reaching across the political aisle, and deep expertise on matters of national security were all on prominent display during his many years as Chairman of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. As his record over the past
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Iraq: U.S. Military Operations
    Order Code RL31701 Iraq: U.S. Military Operations Updated July 15, 2007 Steve Bowman Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Iraq: U.S. Military Operations Summary Iraq’s chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons programs, together with Iraqi long-range missile development and support for Al Qaeda terrorism, were the primary justifications put forward for military action. On March 17, 2003, President Bush issued an ultimatum demanding that Saddam Hussein and his sons depart from Iraq within 48 hours. On March 19, offensive operations began with air strikes against Iraqi leadership positions. By April 15, after 27 days of operations, coalition forces were in relative control of all major Iraqi cities and Iraqi political and military leadership had disintegrated. On May 1, 2003, President Bush declared an end to major combat operations. There was no use of chemical or biological (CB) weapons, and no CB or nuclear weapons stockpiles or production facilities have been found. The major challenges to coalition forces are now quelling a persistent Iraqi resistance movement and training/retaining sufficient Iraqi security forces to assume responsibility for the nations domestic security. Though initially denying that there was an organized resistance movement, DOD officials have now acknowledged there is regional/local organization, with apparently ample supplies of arms and funding. CENTCOM has characterized the Iraqi resistance as “a classical guerrilla-type campaign.” DOD initially believed the resistance to consist primarily of former regime supporters and foreign fighters; however, it has now acknowledged that growing resentment of coalition forces and an increase in sectarian conflicts, independent of connections with the earlier regime, are contributing to the insurgency.
    [Show full text]
  • Excerpts from the Iraq Study Group Report
    Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 33, Number 50, December 15, 2006 fit in the long term from a chaotic Iraq. Yet Iraq’s neighbors Documentation are not doing enough to help Iraq achieve stability. Some are undercutting stability. The United States should immediately launch a new diplomatic offensive to build an international consensus for Excerpts from The Iraq stability in Iraq and the region. This diplomatic effort should include every country that has an interest in avoiding a chaotic Iraq, including all of Iraq’s neighbors. Iraq’s neigh- Study Group Report bors and key states in and outside the region should form a support group to reinforce security and national reconcilia- Executive Summary tion within Iraq, neither of which Iraq can achieve on its own. The situation in Iraq is grave and deteriorating. There is Given the abiliity of Iran and Syria to influence events no path that can guarantee success, but the prospects can within Iraq and their interest in avoiding chaos in Iraq, the be improved. United States should try to engage them constructively. In In this report, we make a number of recommendations for seeking to influence the behavior of both countries, the actions to be taken in Iraq, the United States, and the region. United States has disincentives and incentives available. Iran Our most important recommendations call for new and en- should stem the flow of arms and training to Iraq, respect hanced diplomatic and political efforts in Iraq and the region, Iraq’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, and use its influ- and a change in the primary mission of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq: Regional Perspectives and U.S
    Order Code RL33793 Iraq: Regional Perspectives and U.S. Policy Updated September 12, 2007 Christopher M. Blanchard, Coordinator Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Kenneth Katzman, Carol Migdalovitz, Alfred Prados, Jeremy Sharp Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Iraq: Regional Perspectives and U.S. Policy Summary Iraq’s neighbors have influenced events in Iraq since the fall of the Saddam Hussein regime in 2003, and developments in Iraq have had political, economic, and security implications for Iraq’s neighbors and the broader Middle East. Ongoing insurgency and sectarian violence in Iraq and discussion of options for modifying U.S. policy toward Iraq are fueling intense consideration of Iraq’s future and the current and potential policies of Iraq’s neighbors. Policymakers and observers are considering a number of different “Iraq scenarios,” ranging from the resolution of outstanding Iraqi political disputes and the successful consolidation of Iraq’s government and security forces, to greater escalation of sectarian violence into nationwide civil war and the potential for greater intervention by Iraq’s neighbors. Understanding regional perspectives on Iraq and the potential nature and likelihood of regional responses to various scenarios will be essential for Members of the 110th Congress as they consider proposed changes to U.S. policy, including the recommendations of the Iraq Study Group (ISG), the troop surge initiative, and annual appropriations and authorization legislation. The National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Iraq released in August 2007 assessed that “Iraq’s neighbors will continue to focus on improving their leverage in Iraq in anticipation of a Coalition drawdown.” The NIE identified Iranian assistance to armed groups and the “reluctance” of Iraq’s Sunni Arab neighbors to support the Iraqi government as particularly problematic.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq: Politics and Governance
    Iraq: Politics and Governance Kenneth Katzman Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Carla E. Humud Analyst in Middle Eastern and African Affairs March 9, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21968 Iraq: Politics and Governance Summary Iraq’s sectarian and ethnic divisions—muted toward the end of the 2003-2011 U.S. military intervention in Iraq—are fueling a major challenge to Iraq’s stability and to U.S. policy in Iraq and the broader Middle East region. The resentment of Iraq’s Sunni Arabs toward the Shiite- dominated central government facilitated the capture in 2014 of nearly one-third of Iraqi territory by the Sunni Islamist extremist group called the Islamic State (IS, also known as ISIL, ISIS, or the Arabic acronym Da'esh). Iraq’s Kurds are separately embroiled in political, territorial, and economic disputes with Baghdad, but those differences have been at least temporarily subordinated to the common struggle against the Islamic State. U.S. officials assert that the Iraqi government must work to gain the loyalty of more of Iraq’s Sunnis—and to resolve differences with the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG)—if an eventual defeat of the Islamic State is to result in long-term stability. Prospects for greater inter- communal unity appeared to increase in 2014 with the replacement of former Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki with the current Prime Minister, Haydar al-Abbadi. Although both men are from the Shiite Islamist Da’wa Party, Abbadi has taken some steps to try to compromise with Sunnis and with the KRG. However, a significant point of contention with the KRG remains the KRG’s marketing of crude oil exports separately from Baghdad.
    [Show full text]
  • The Iraq Study Group Report: the Way Forward
    The Iraq Study Group Report James A. Baker, III, and Lee H. Hamilton, Co-Chairs Lawrence S. Eagleburger, Vernon E. Jordan, Jr., Edwin Meese III, Sandra Day O’Connor, Leon E. Panetta, William J. Perry, Charles S. Robb, Alan K. Simpson vintage books A Division of Random House, Inc. New York FIRST VINTAGE BOOKS EDITION: DECEMBER 2006 All rights reserved. The Authorized Edition of The Iraq Study Group Report is published in the United States by Vintage Books, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto. Maps © 2006 by Joyce Pendola Vintage and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. ISBN: 0-307-38656-2 ISBN-13: 978-0-307-38656-4 www.vintagebooks.com A portion of the proceeds from the purchase of this book will be donated to the National Military Family Association, the only nonprofit organization that rep- resents the families of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and the Commissioned Corps of the Public Health Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, prepares spouses, children, and par- ents to better deal with the unique challenges of military life. The Association protects benefits vital to all families, including those of the deployed, wounded, and fallen. For more than 35 years, its staff and volunteers, comprised mostly of military family members, have built a reputation as the leading experts on mili- tary family issues. For more information, visit www.nmfa.org. Printed in the United States of America 10987654321 First Edition Letter from the Co-Chairs There is no magic formula to solve the problems of Iraq.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq Study Group Report
    The Iraq Study Group Report James A. Baker, III, and Lee H. Hamilton, Co-Chairs Lawrence S. Eagleburger, Vernon E. Jordan, Jr., Edwin Meese III, Sandra Day O’Connor, Leon E. Panetta, William J. Perry, Charles S. Robb, Alan K. Simpson Contents Letter from the Co-Chairs Executive Summary I. Assessment A. Assessment of the Current Situation in Iraq 1. Security 2. Politics 3. Economics 4. International Support 5. Conclusions B. Consequences of Continued Decline in Iraq C. Some Alternative Courses in Iraq 1. Precipitate Withdrawal 2. Staying the Course 3. More Troops for Iraq 4. Devolution to Three Regions D. Achieving Our Goals II. The Way Forward—A New Approach A. The External Approach: Building an International Consensus 1. The New Diplomatic Offensive 2. The Iraq International Support Group 3. Dealing with Iran and Syria 4. The Wider Regional Context B. The Internal Approach: Helping Iraqis Help Themselves 1. Performance on Milestones 2 2. National Reconciliation 3. Security and Military Forces 4. Police and Criminal Justice 5. The Oil Sector 6. U.S. Economic and Reconstruction Assistance 7. Budget Preparation, Presentation, and Review 8. U.S. Personnel 9. Intelligence Appendices Letter from the Sponsoring Organizations Iraq Study Group Plenary Sessions Iraq Study Group Consultations Expert Working Groups and Military Senior Advisor Panel The Iraq Study Group Iraq Study Group Support 3 Letter from the Co-Chairs There is no magic formula to solve the problems of Iraq. However, there are actions that can be taken to improve the situation and protect American interests. Many Americans are dissatisfied, not just with the situation in Iraq but with the state of our political debate regarding Iraq.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructivism, Strategic Culture, and the Iraq War
    ASPJ Africa & Francophonie - 4th Quarter 2011 Constructivism, Strategic Culture, and the Iraq War TOBY LAUTERBACH* ccording to constructivists, the United States went to war in Iraq because the dominant strategic cultural norm, that of seeking geopolitical stability through multilateral deterrence, appeared bankrupt to the Bush administration after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 (9/11). This led elites in the administration to view Ademocratic regime change in Iraq as imposing an international norm of hegemonic global policing through unilateral preventive war. Given short- comings in the existing literature, this article makes the constructivist case for explaining the Iraq War. For constructivists, a proposed normative shift in American strategic cultural ideas played a causal role in the US invasion of Iraq. For those constructivists who take an ambitious perspective, the attempt to shift the norms of America’s strategic culture—and thus its national security policy—precipitated that invasion. A more cautious analyst would contend that the normative shift advocated by the Bush administra- tion worked in tandem with interest-based calculations, such as geopolitical logic, in leading to that military action. The Iraq War was supposed to prove the viability of a new norm—unilateral preventive war—advocated by neo- conservative norm entrepreneurs and traditional conservative converts as well as sympathizers in the Bush administration. This was part of a larger strategic cultural vision advocating the hegemonic promotion of democracy through force. Advocates intended that a new perspective on war, the hege- * Theauthor is a PhD candidate and former instructor at Purdue University. His research interests include the role of strategic culture in the Iraq War, the theory and practice of counterinsurgency, the study of realist theories such as Power Transition and Offshore Balancing, the future of the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- tion and the Western European Union, the rise of China as a peer competitor, and Pacific Rim security concerns.
    [Show full text]
  • The Iraq Study Group Report
    The Iraq Study Group Report The Iraq Study Group Report James A. Baker, III, and Lee H. Hamilton, Co-Chairs Lawrence S. Eagleburger, Vernon E. Jordan, Jr., Edwin Meese III, Sandra Day O’Connor, Leon E. Panetta, William J. Perry, Charles S. Robb, Alan K. Simpson vintage books A Division of Random House, Inc. New York FIRST VINTAGE BOOKS EDITION: DECEMBER 2006 All rights reserved. The Authorized Edition of The Iraq Study Group Report is published in the United States by Vintage Books, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto. Maps © 2006 by Joyce Pendola Vintage and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. ISBN: 0-307-38656-2 ISBN-13: 978-0-307-38656-4 www.vintagebooks.com A portion of the proceeds from the purchase of this book will be donated to the National Military Family Association, the only nonprofit organization that rep- resents the families of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and the Commissioned Corps of the Public Health Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, prepares spouses, children, and par- ents to better deal with the unique challenges of military life. The Association protects benefits vital to all families, including those of the deployed, wounded, and fallen. For more than 35 years, its staff and volunteers, comprised mostly of military family members, have built a reputation as the leading experts on mili- tary family issues. For more information, visit www.nmfa.org. Printed in the United States of America 10987654321 First Edition Contents Letter from the Co-Chairs ix Executive Summary xiii I.
    [Show full text]
  • The Iraq Study Group Absurdity and Iran by Anthony H
    The Iraq Study Group Absurdity and Iran By Anthony H. Cordesman May 22, 2007 Not everything dies when it should, and the Iraq Study Group is a grim example. Even at the time it was issued, it was a remarkably vacuous and unrealistic report. Its key recommendations were hopelessly impractical, and the detailed report – while good on some aspects of historical diagnostics – ended in a long list of sometimes contradictory conceptual recommendations lacking any justifications, details, and operational plans. It was at best a warning of what overblown committees seeking a lowest common denominator could not accomplish. All the Wrong Recommendations Looking back, The Iraq Study Group Report emerges as even worse. Its key recommendations never made sense. For example, there was never any chance that the development of the Iraqi Army could be rushed forward in ways that would permit rapid US force reductions, and recent months have made it all too clear that the Iraqi Army needs more time, more aid, and more US embeds and support. The existing schedule for creating an Iraqi Army already was far too fast. The months that have followed have shown it takes time, patience, and resources to build an effective military force. It takes political conciliation to allow it to operate in ways that serve the nation. Without internal Iraqi political conciliation, the Army can end up either fracturing along sectarian and ethnic lines or become a Shi’ite dominated force with a separate Kurdish force in the Kurdish area. The ISG’s recommendations to speed development of the Iraq police force to serve the same purpose of enabling faster US withdrawals were truly absurd.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Notes Introduction 1. Bush 2001f. The enormity of the task confronting us was succinctly stated in the National Security Council’s September 2002 National Security Strategy of the United States: “The United States of America is fighting a war against terrorists of global reach. The enemy is not a single political regime or person or religion or ideology. The enemy is terrorism—premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against innocents.” 2. Bush 2001f. 3. Bush 2003l. 4. Among the earlier works by ex-officials in the Bush administration are O’Neill (as told to Suskind 2004), Clarke 2004, and Wilson 2004. By the fall of 2004, Bob Woodward had written two best-selling accounts of President Bush, the war on terror, and the Iraq War (B. Woodward 2002, 2004). 5. See, for example, Massing 2004, Packer 2005. Other accounts of the many problems we faced in Iraq would quickly follow. See, among numerous oth- ers, Isikoff and Corn 2006, Rich 2006, Ricks 2006, Suskind 2006, Chan- drasekaran 2007. 6. Political scientist Ian Lustick (2006, 2007) cogently argues that the war on terror has achieved the status of a “background narrative” (2006, 17). Its pre- cepts are accepted without question and form the basis of this country’s post- 9/11 belief systems; thus, there is no public debate over the assumption that the problem of terrorism must be addressed by a “war” and that its rationale and global scale are appropriate. Also see Lemann 2002; Krebs and Lobasz 2007, 423; Western 2005a, chap. 6; Western 2005b; Kuypers 2006, chap. 2 and 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis Is Based on a Chapter of My Forthcoming Chaillot Paper on ‘Bush’S Legacy and US Foreign Policy’
    AAnnaallyyssiiss US policy on Iraq: 1 past, present and future by Marcin Zaborowski Contents Introduction ............................................................................................ 2 The War ................................................................................................. 3 The Prelude ................................................................................ 3 Run up to the war ....................................................................... 5 After the War ......................................................................................... 6 ‘Freedom’s Untidy’ – Donald Rumsfeld, April 2003 ................ 6 The Baker/Hamilton Report and the ‘Surge’ ............................. 9 Iraq in the 2008 elections ..................................................................... 12 Iraq in the Presidential race ...................................................... 12 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 14 1 This Analysis is based on a Chapter of my forthcoming Chaillot Paper on ‘Bush’s Legacy and US Foreign Policy’. EU Institute for Security Studies http://www.iss.europa.eu 1 Introduction George W. Bush will be remembered first and foremost for starting the war in Iraq and the destabilisation of the country that ensued. This means that, unless there is a dramatic improvement in Iraq before 2009, which appears highly unlikely at the present time, Bush will not be remembered as a successful President. Bush took his country
    [Show full text]
  • The US Army and the Battle for Baghdad: Lessons Learned
    C O R P O R A T I O N The U.S. Army and the Battle for Baghdad Lessons Learned—And Still to Be Learned David E. Johnson, Agnes Gereben Schaefer, Brenna Allen, Raphael S. Cohen, Gian Gentile, James Hoobler, Michael Schwille, Jerry M. Sollinger, Sean M. Zeigler For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR3076 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019940985 ISBN: 978-0-8330-9601-2 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2019 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This report documents research and analysis conducted as part of a project entitled Lessons Learned from 13 Years of Conflict: The Battle for Baghdad, 2003–2008, spon- sored by the Office of Quadrennial Defense Review, U.S.
    [Show full text]