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H-Diplo/ISSF Roundtable XI-20
H-Diplo | ISSF Roundtable XI-20 issforum.org Fred Kaplan. The Bomb: Presidents, Generals, and the Secret History of Nuclear War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2020. ISBN: 9781982107291. 27 July 2020 | https://issforum.org/to/ir11-20 Editor: Diane Labrosse | Production Editor: George Fujii Contents Introduction by Jacquelyn Schneider, Stanford University ......................................................................................... 2 Review by Robert Jervis, Columbia University ................................................................................................................... 5 Review by Marc Trachtenberg, UCLA Political Science Department .................................................................. 9 Response by Fred Kaplan, Brooklyn, New York ............................................................................................................. 13 © 2019 The Authors | CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 US Page 1 of 13 H-Diplo/ISSF Roundtable XI-20 Introduction by Jacquelyn Schneider, Stanford University n his review of Fred Kaplan’s The Bomb, Marc Trachtenberg reminds readers that “it is important to see the past for what it was.” This, as both Trachtenberg and Robert Jervis agree, is the overwhelming merit of The Bomb, a remarkable history of one of the wonkiest niches of U.S. national security strategy—the operational planning of nuclear wars. In I the book, Kaplan takes readers across six decades of nuclear planning and, in doing so, reveals a remarkable consistency throughout America’s nuclear history: despite numerous -
Master List of Games This Is a List of Every Game on a Fully Loaded SKG Retro Box, and Which System(S) They Appear On
Master List of Games This is a list of every game on a fully loaded SKG Retro Box, and which system(s) they appear on. Keep in mind that the same game on different systems may be vastly different in graphics and game play. In rare cases, such as Aladdin for the Sega Genesis and Super Nintendo, it may be a completely different game. System Abbreviations: • GB = Game Boy • GBC = Game Boy Color • GBA = Game Boy Advance • GG = Sega Game Gear • N64 = Nintendo 64 • NES = Nintendo Entertainment System • SMS = Sega Master System • SNES = Super Nintendo • TG16 = TurboGrafx16 1. '88 Games (Arcade) 2. 007: Everything or Nothing (GBA) 3. 007: NightFire (GBA) 4. 007: The World Is Not Enough (N64, GBC) 5. 10 Pin Bowling (GBC) 6. 10-Yard Fight (NES) 7. 102 Dalmatians - Puppies to the Rescue (GBC) 8. 1080° Snowboarding (N64) 9. 1941: Counter Attack (TG16, Arcade) 10. 1942 (NES, Arcade, GBC) 11. 1942 (Revision B) (Arcade) 12. 1943 Kai: Midway Kaisen (Japan) (Arcade) 13. 1943: Kai (TG16) 14. 1943: The Battle of Midway (NES, Arcade) 15. 1944: The Loop Master (Arcade) 16. 1999: Hore, Mitakotoka! Seikimatsu (NES) 17. 19XX: The War Against Destiny (Arcade) 18. 2 on 2 Open Ice Challenge (Arcade) 19. 2010: The Graphic Action Game (Colecovision) 20. 2020 Super Baseball (SNES, Arcade) 21. 21-Emon (TG16) 22. 3 Choume no Tama: Tama and Friends: 3 Choume Obake Panic!! (GB) 23. 3 Count Bout (Arcade) 24. 3 Ninjas Kick Back (SNES, Genesis, Sega CD) 25. 3-D Tic-Tac-Toe (Atari 2600) 26. 3-D Ultra Pinball: Thrillride (GBC) 27. -
Iraq: U.S. Military Operations
Order Code RL31701 Iraq: U.S. Military Operations Updated July 15, 2007 Steve Bowman Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Iraq: U.S. Military Operations Summary Iraq’s chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons programs, together with Iraqi long-range missile development and support for Al Qaeda terrorism, were the primary justifications put forward for military action. On March 17, 2003, President Bush issued an ultimatum demanding that Saddam Hussein and his sons depart from Iraq within 48 hours. On March 19, offensive operations began with air strikes against Iraqi leadership positions. By April 15, after 27 days of operations, coalition forces were in relative control of all major Iraqi cities and Iraqi political and military leadership had disintegrated. On May 1, 2003, President Bush declared an end to major combat operations. There was no use of chemical or biological (CB) weapons, and no CB or nuclear weapons stockpiles or production facilities have been found. The major challenges to coalition forces are now quelling a persistent Iraqi resistance movement and training/retaining sufficient Iraqi security forces to assume responsibility for the nations domestic security. Though initially denying that there was an organized resistance movement, DOD officials have now acknowledged there is regional/local organization, with apparently ample supplies of arms and funding. CENTCOM has characterized the Iraqi resistance as “a classical guerrilla-type campaign.” DOD initially believed the resistance to consist primarily of former regime supporters and foreign fighters; however, it has now acknowledged that growing resentment of coalition forces and an increase in sectarian conflicts, independent of connections with the earlier regime, are contributing to the insurgency. -
Excerpts from the Iraq Study Group Report
Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 33, Number 50, December 15, 2006 fit in the long term from a chaotic Iraq. Yet Iraq’s neighbors Documentation are not doing enough to help Iraq achieve stability. Some are undercutting stability. The United States should immediately launch a new diplomatic offensive to build an international consensus for Excerpts from The Iraq stability in Iraq and the region. This diplomatic effort should include every country that has an interest in avoiding a chaotic Iraq, including all of Iraq’s neighbors. Iraq’s neigh- Study Group Report bors and key states in and outside the region should form a support group to reinforce security and national reconcilia- Executive Summary tion within Iraq, neither of which Iraq can achieve on its own. The situation in Iraq is grave and deteriorating. There is Given the abiliity of Iran and Syria to influence events no path that can guarantee success, but the prospects can within Iraq and their interest in avoiding chaos in Iraq, the be improved. United States should try to engage them constructively. In In this report, we make a number of recommendations for seeking to influence the behavior of both countries, the actions to be taken in Iraq, the United States, and the region. United States has disincentives and incentives available. Iran Our most important recommendations call for new and en- should stem the flow of arms and training to Iraq, respect hanced diplomatic and political efforts in Iraq and the region, Iraq’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, and use its influ- and a change in the primary mission of U.S. -
Newagearcade.Com 5000 in One Arcade Game List!
Newagearcade.com 5,000 In One arcade game list! 1. AAE|Armor Attack 2. AAE|Asteroids Deluxe 3. AAE|Asteroids 4. AAE|Barrier 5. AAE|Boxing Bugs 6. AAE|Black Widow 7. AAE|Battle Zone 8. AAE|Demon 9. AAE|Eliminator 10. AAE|Gravitar 11. AAE|Lunar Lander 12. AAE|Lunar Battle 13. AAE|Meteorites 14. AAE|Major Havoc 15. AAE|Omega Race 16. AAE|Quantum 17. AAE|Red Baron 18. AAE|Ripoff 19. AAE|Solar Quest 20. AAE|Space Duel 21. AAE|Space Wars 22. AAE|Space Fury 23. AAE|Speed Freak 24. AAE|Star Castle 25. AAE|Star Hawk 26. AAE|Star Trek 27. AAE|Star Wars 28. AAE|Sundance 29. AAE|Tac/Scan 30. AAE|Tailgunner 31. AAE|Tempest 32. AAE|Warrior 33. AAE|Vector Breakout 34. AAE|Vortex 35. AAE|War of the Worlds 36. AAE|Zektor 37. Classic Arcades|'88 Games 38. Classic Arcades|1 on 1 Government (Japan) 39. Classic Arcades|10-Yard Fight (World, set 1) 40. Classic Arcades|1000 Miglia: Great 1000 Miles Rally (94/07/18) 41. Classic Arcades|18 Holes Pro Golf (set 1) 42. Classic Arcades|1941: Counter Attack (World 900227) 43. Classic Arcades|1942 (Revision B) 44. Classic Arcades|1943 Kai: Midway Kaisen (Japan) 45. Classic Arcades|1943: The Battle of Midway (Euro) 46. Classic Arcades|1944: The Loop Master (USA 000620) 47. Classic Arcades|1945k III 48. Classic Arcades|19XX: The War Against Destiny (USA 951207) 49. Classic Arcades|2 On 2 Open Ice Challenge (rev 1.21) 50. Classic Arcades|2020 Super Baseball (set 1) 51. -
Iraq: Regional Perspectives and U.S
Order Code RL33793 Iraq: Regional Perspectives and U.S. Policy Updated September 12, 2007 Christopher M. Blanchard, Coordinator Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Kenneth Katzman, Carol Migdalovitz, Alfred Prados, Jeremy Sharp Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Iraq: Regional Perspectives and U.S. Policy Summary Iraq’s neighbors have influenced events in Iraq since the fall of the Saddam Hussein regime in 2003, and developments in Iraq have had political, economic, and security implications for Iraq’s neighbors and the broader Middle East. Ongoing insurgency and sectarian violence in Iraq and discussion of options for modifying U.S. policy toward Iraq are fueling intense consideration of Iraq’s future and the current and potential policies of Iraq’s neighbors. Policymakers and observers are considering a number of different “Iraq scenarios,” ranging from the resolution of outstanding Iraqi political disputes and the successful consolidation of Iraq’s government and security forces, to greater escalation of sectarian violence into nationwide civil war and the potential for greater intervention by Iraq’s neighbors. Understanding regional perspectives on Iraq and the potential nature and likelihood of regional responses to various scenarios will be essential for Members of the 110th Congress as they consider proposed changes to U.S. policy, including the recommendations of the Iraq Study Group (ISG), the troop surge initiative, and annual appropriations and authorization legislation. The National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Iraq released in August 2007 assessed that “Iraq’s neighbors will continue to focus on improving their leverage in Iraq in anticipation of a Coalition drawdown.” The NIE identified Iranian assistance to armed groups and the “reluctance” of Iraq’s Sunni Arab neighbors to support the Iraqi government as particularly problematic. -
America at a Crossroads
America at a Crossroads Applying the lessons of history to the challenges of today ANNUAL2020 REPORT 2018 CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESIDENCY & CONGRESS CSPC Board Of Trustees Maxmillian Angerholzer III The Honorable Edwin Meese III Institute of International Education The Heritage Foundation Wayne L. Berman The Honorable Glenn C. Nye III Blackstone Group President & CEO Center for the Study of the Presidency & Congress Maury W. Bradsher District Equity Richard G. Phillips, Jr. Pilot Freight Services Eli Broad The Broad Foundations The Honorable Gerald R. Parsky Aurora Capital Group Julia Nickles Bryan YPO Democracy Group The Honorable Thomas R. Pickering CSPC Chairman The Honorable R. Nicholas Burns Hills & Company Harvard Kennedy School H. Gregory Platts Jay Collins National Geographic Society Citi The Honorable Thomas J. Ridge Robert Day Ridge Global, LLC W.M. Keck Foundation Gene Riechers The Honorable Paula J. Dobriansky 1855 Capital Harvard Kennedy School The Honorable Mike Rogers Bradford M. Freeman CSPC David M. Abshire Chair Freeman Spogli & Co. CNN The Honorable David Gergen Gillian Sandler Harvard Kennedy School Galapont Dr. Malik M. Hasan B. Francis Saul III Health Trio, Inc. & NuVue Pharma Saul Investment Group, LLC The Honorable Stuart W. Holliday Pamela Scholl Meridian International Center CSPC Vice Chairman Roy Kapani Dr. Scholl Foundation KapCo Holdings Stephen A. Schwarzman The Honorable Blanche Lincoln Blackstone Group Lincoln Policy Group George Stephanopoulos Daniel Lubin ABC News Radius Ventures Gary Wilson The Honorable Mel Martinez Manhattan Pacific Partners JPMorgan Chase & Co. The Honorable Thomas F. McLarty III McLarty Associates Introduction America at a Crossroads n 2020 America faces a decisive rity as a key underlying issue cutting across all inflection point. -
Compatible with Classic Arcade Game Systems
Compatible With Classic Arcade Game Systems 1162 in 1 Game List: 412 of 1162 games total Vertical Games 001. Ms. Pac-Man 002. Ms. Pac-Man (speedup) 003. Ms. Pac-Man Plus 004. Galaga 005. Frogger 006. Frog 007. Donkey Kong 008. Crazy Kong 009. Donkey Kong Junior 010. Donkey Kong 3 011. Galaxian 012. Galaxian Part X 013. Galaxian Turbo 014. Dig Dug 015. Crush Roller 016. Mr. Do! 017. Space Invaders Part II 018. Super Invaders (EMAG) 019. Return of the Invaders 020. Super Space Invaders '91 ▲ 021. Pac-Man 022. PuckMan 023. PuckMan (speedup) 024. New Puck-X 025. Newpuc2 026. Galaga 3 027. Gyruss 028. Tank Battalion 029. 1942 030. Lady Bug 031. Burger Time 032. Mappy 033. Centipede 034. Millipede ▲ 035.Jr. Pac-Man 036. Pengo 037. Son of Phoenix 038. Time Pilot 039. Super Cobra 040. Video Hustler 041. Space Panic 042. Space Panic (harder) 043. Super Breakout ▲ 044. Arkanoid ▲ 045. Super Qix 046. Juno First 047. Xevious 048. Mr. Do's Castle 049. Moon Cresta 050. Pinball Action 051. Scramble 052. Super Pac-Man 053. Bomb Jack 054. Shao-Lin's Road 055. King & Balloon 056. 1943 ▲ 057. Van-Van Car 058. Pac-Man Plus 059. Pac & Pal 060. Dig Dug II 061. Amidar 062. Zaxxon 063. Super Zaxxon 064. Pooyan 065. Pleiads ▲ 066. Gun.Smoke 067. The End 068. 1943 Kai ▲ 069. Congo Bongo 070. Jumping Jack 071. Big Kong 072. Bongo 073. Gaplus 074. Ms. Pac Attack 075. Abscam 076. Ajax 077. Ali Baba and 40 Thieves 078. Finalizer - Super Transformation ▲ 079. -
The Pennsylvania State University Schreyer Honors College
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN NUCLEAR STRATEGY IN THE COLD WAR LUCAS RYAN LAPOLE SUMMER 2012 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in History with honors in History Reviewed and approved* by the following: Richard Butler Professor of International Affairs Thesis Supervisor Catherine Wanner Associate Professor of History Honors Adviser Paul Lawrence Rose Professor of European History and Mitrani Professor of Jewish Studies Faculty Reader * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. ABSTRACT American nuclear strategy underwent several major phases of development, and I will examine the development of American nuclear strategy during the Cold War. I intend to show the interrelatedness of technological advances and policy decisions. I begin with the birth of American nuclear strategy during the Truman Administration. Then, Eisenhower’s policy of “massive retaliation” will be examined. This is followed by a chapter on the modes of strategic thought exemplified by the RAND Coproration, and the infiltration of RAND thought into the Kennedy and Johnson administrations via Robert McNamra. The relationship between Détente, nuclear strategy, and nuclear technology composes the fourth chapter. The fifth and final chapter concerns the transformation of nuclear strategy during the Reagan Administration, and concludes with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. i TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………………………………………………………………………..….i -
Senate Section
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 105 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 143 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, MAY 1, 1997 No. 55 Senate The Senate met at 10:30 a.m., and was SCHEDULE Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, as called to order by the President pro Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, for the Presiding Officer knows, we have tempore [Mr. THURMOND]. the information of all Senators, this been at this for the better part of the morning the Senate will begin consid- week. I am pleased that the two sides PRAYER eration of S. 543, the Volunteer Protec- have decided to proceed to the actual The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John tion Act. As a reminder, the previously legislation and to consider its merits Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: ordered cloture votes for today are vi- straightforwardly. I was also pleased to Almighty God, on this National Day tiated, and the Senate is now able to be notified this morning that during of Prayer, we join with millions across begin consideration of this important the summitÐand I had not realized our land in intercession and suppli- legislation. It is my understanding thisÐthat occurred, Governors cation to You, the Sovereign Lord of that amendments are expected to be of- Branstad of Iowa, Whitman of New Jer- the United States of America. As we fered to this bill. Therefore, Senators sey, and Wilson of California, issued a sound that sacred word Sovereign, we can anticipate votes throughout to- public statement in support of the Vol- echo Washington, Jefferson, Madison, day's session of the Senate. -
Juuma Houkan Accele Brid Ace Wo Nerae! Acrobat Mission
3X3 EYES - JUUMA HOUKAN ACCELE BRID ACE WO NERAE! ACROBAT MISSION ACTRAISER HOURAI GAKUEN NO BOUKEN! - TENKOUSEI SCRAMBLE AIM FOR THE ACE! ALCAHEST THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN - LETHAL FOES ANGELIQUE ARABIAN NIGHTS - SABAKU NO SEIREI-O ASHITA NO JOE CYBERNATOR BAHAMUT LAGOON BALL BULLET GUN BASTARD!! BATTLE SOCCER - FIELD NO HASHA ANCIENT MAGIC - BAZOO! MAHOU SEKAI BING BING! BINGO BISHOUJO SENSHI SAILOR MOON - ANOTHER STORY SAILOR MOON R BISHOUJO SENSHI SAILOR MOON SUPER S - FUWA FUWA PANIC BRANDISH 2 - THE PLANET BUSTER BREATH OF FIRE II - SHIMEI NO KO BS CHRONO TRIGGER - MUSIC LIBRARY CAPTAIN TSUBASA III - KOUTEI NO CHOUSEN CAPTAIN TSUBASA V - HASH NO SHOUGOU CAMPIONE CARAVAN SHOOTING COLLECTION CHAOS SEED - FUUSUI KAIROKI CHOU MAHOU TAIRIKU WOZZ CHRONO TRIGGER CLOCK TOWER CLOCKWERX CRYSTAL BEANS FROM DUNGEON EXPLORER CU-ON-PA SFC CYBER KNIGHT CYBER KNIGHT II - CHIKYUU TEIKOKU NO YABOU CYBORG 009 DAI 3 JI SUPER ROBOT WARS DAI 4 JI SUPER ROBOT WARS DAIKAIJ MONOGATARI DARK HALF DARK LAW - THE MEANING OF DEATH DER LANGRISSER DIGITAL DEVIL STORY 2 - SHIN MEGAMI TENSEI II DONALD DUCK NO MAHOU NO BOUSHI DORAEMON 4 DO RE MI FANTASY - MILON NO DOKIDOKI DAIBOUKEN DOSSUN! GANSEKI BATTLE DR. MARIO DRAGON BALL Z - HYPER DIMENSION DRAGON BALL Z - CHOU SAIYA DENSETSU DRAGON BALL Z - SUPER BUTOUDEN DRAGON BALL Z - SUPER BUTOUDEN 3 DRAGON BALL Z - SUPER GOKUDEN - TOTSUGEKI HEN DRAGON BALL Z - SUPER GOKUDEN - KAKUSEI HEN DRAGON BALL Z - SUPER SAIYA DENSETSU DRAGON QUEST I AND II DRAGON QUEST III - SOSHITE DENSETU E... DRAGON QUEST V - TENKUU NO HANAYOME -
Iraq: Politics and Governance
Iraq: Politics and Governance Kenneth Katzman Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Carla E. Humud Analyst in Middle Eastern and African Affairs March 9, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21968 Iraq: Politics and Governance Summary Iraq’s sectarian and ethnic divisions—muted toward the end of the 2003-2011 U.S. military intervention in Iraq—are fueling a major challenge to Iraq’s stability and to U.S. policy in Iraq and the broader Middle East region. The resentment of Iraq’s Sunni Arabs toward the Shiite- dominated central government facilitated the capture in 2014 of nearly one-third of Iraqi territory by the Sunni Islamist extremist group called the Islamic State (IS, also known as ISIL, ISIS, or the Arabic acronym Da'esh). Iraq’s Kurds are separately embroiled in political, territorial, and economic disputes with Baghdad, but those differences have been at least temporarily subordinated to the common struggle against the Islamic State. U.S. officials assert that the Iraqi government must work to gain the loyalty of more of Iraq’s Sunnis—and to resolve differences with the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG)—if an eventual defeat of the Islamic State is to result in long-term stability. Prospects for greater inter- communal unity appeared to increase in 2014 with the replacement of former Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki with the current Prime Minister, Haydar al-Abbadi. Although both men are from the Shiite Islamist Da’wa Party, Abbadi has taken some steps to try to compromise with Sunnis and with the KRG. However, a significant point of contention with the KRG remains the KRG’s marketing of crude oil exports separately from Baghdad.