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University Micrcxilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1318946 DANGREMOND, DAVID W. THE HIGHLANDS: THE COUNTRY SEAT OF ANTHONY MORRIS. UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE (WINTERTHUR PROGRAM), M.A., 1981 University M icrofilm s International 300 N.Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, M I 48106 Copyright isai by DANGREMOND, DAVID W. All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check Vmark . 1. Glossy photographs or pages ^ 2. 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Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE HIGHLANDS: THE COUNTRY SEAT OF ANTHONY MORRIS David W. Dangremond A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Early American Culture. August, 1981 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. © 1981 DAVID W. DANGREMOND All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE HIGHLANDS: THE COUNTRY SEAT OF ANTHONY MORRIS BY David W. Dangremond Approved Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved:_________________________________________________________________________ Stephanie G. Wolf, Ph.D. Coordinator of the Winterthur Program in Early American Studies Approved:__________________________________________________ R.B. Murray, Ph.D. University Coordinator for Graduate Studies Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people have assisted in the preparation of this study of The Highlands, and to each of them I extend my grateful thanks. First and foremost, to Donald Fennimore who first suggested The Highlands as a thesis topic, who provided encouragement and understanding throughout its long gestation period, and who shared his critical eye and mind in shaping the final draft; to Katie Moulton, neighbor and staunch sup porter of The Highlands, who persevered in her struggle to insure the future of The Highlands through the creation of The Highlands Historical Society and who shared her time, knowledge and enthusiasm throughout this project; to Betty Hill and Beatrice Taylor who assisted my study of the Anthony Morris manuscripts in the Joseph Downs Manuscript and Microfilm Collection at Winterthur; to Joseph Hall, John Milner, Fred erick Peck, Tomas Spiers, and George Tatum who shared their knowledge of architecture, archeology, and historical landscape to help me better understand The Highlands and its history; to Henry Francis duPont, who in 1959 acquired the daybooks of Anthony Morris which document the con struction and furnishing of The Highlands, without which this study would not have been possible; and finally, to Anthony Morris himself, who left us not only the handsome house he built, but the careful accounting of his every expense. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS page Acknowledgements iii List of Illustrations v Abstract viii Chapter I Introduction 1 Chapter II Anthony Morris: A Biography of the Builder 3 Chapter III The Highlands: Design and Construction 9 Chapter IV The Property: Farm, Gardens, and Outbuildings 20 Chapter V Later History: Changes in Ownership and Structure 27 Chapter VI Conclusion 35 Illustrations 37 Notes 61 Bibliography 65 Appendix A Chronology of Ownership of The Highlands 70 Appendix B Building Accounts for The Highlands 73 Appendix C Alphabetical Index of Craftsmen, Laborers, and 84 Suppliers of Materials for the Construction of The Highlands, 1794, 1799 Appendix D Categorical Index of Craftsmen, Laborers, and 91 Suppliers of Materials for the Construction of The Highlands, 1794-1799 Appendix E Cabinetmakers, Painters, and Suppliers of 94 Household Furnishings for The Highlands, 1794-1799 Appendix F United States Direct Tax of 1798 Assessment of 99 The Highlands Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS page 1. The Highlands from the Southeast frontispiece 2. Miniature Portrait of Anthony Morris by Charles 37 Willson Peale, Oil on Ivory, 1796 3.;. Portrait of Anthony Morris by James Peale, 37 Oil on Canvas, 1796 A. Portrait of Anthony Morris by Charles Balthazar 38 Julien Fevret de Saint Memin, Engraving, c. 1800 5. , Photograph of Anthony Morris and Rebecca Morris 38 Nourse in Front of The Highlands in Georgetown, D.C., c. 1860 6 . Ionic Capital of Pilaster on Facade of The High- 39 lands, Carved Marble, Supplied by John Sheppard, 1796-1798 7. Main Staircase of The Highlands AO 8 . Mantle Bearing'the Label of Zane and Chapman, now A1 in the Billiard Room at the Winterthur Museum, Pine and Plaster, c. 1795 9. Corner of the Southwest Parlor of The Highlands A2 Showing Original Paneled Interior Shutters 10. Andrea Palladio, Design for a House, from The Four A3 Books of Architecture, 1570, Book II. 11. James Gibbs, Design for a House, from A Book of AA Architecture, 1728 12. Abraham Swan, Design for a House, from A Collection A5 of Designs in Architecture, vol. 2, 175A v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. vi 13. The American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 46 which reproduces the 1789 design of William Thornton for the Library Company of Phil adelphia 14. Entrance Door at The Highlands 47 15. Venetian Window at The Highlands 48 16. Floor Plan of The Highlands, 1795 49 17. Floor Plan of The Woodlands, 1788 50 18. Stone Barn at The Highlands, 1799 51 19. Stone Springhouse at The Highlands, 1799 52 20. Smokehouse at The Highlands 53 21. Octagonal Outbuilding at The Highlands 53 22. Doric Portico of The Highlands Added by George Sheaff 54 23a. Original Six-Panel Door at The Highlands 55 23b. Interior Ten-Panel Door Changed by George Sheaff 55 24. Library Mantle of Carved Marble Added by George Sheaff 56 25. Parlor Mantle of Carved Marble Added by George Sheaff 56 26. Piazza of THe Highlands 57 27. Aerial