Pragmatic Approaches to Drama The Language of Classical Literature Series Editors Irene J.F. de Jong Caroline H.M. Kroon Editorial Board Rutger J. Allan Mark A.J. Heerink volume 32 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/tlcl Pragmatic Approaches to Drama Studies in Communication on the Ancient Stage Edited by Gunther Martin Federica Iurescia Severin Hof Giada Sorrentino LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. This publication was financially supported by the SNSF (Swiss National Science Foundation). The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2020035021 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill‑typeface. ISSN 2590-2709 ISBN 978-90-04-44019-7 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-44026-5 (e-book) Copyright 2021 by the Editors and Authors. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense, Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag. Koninklijke Brill NV reserves the right to protect this publication against unauthorized use. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Contents Notes on Contributors ix Introduction 1 Gunther Martin, Federica Iurescia, Severin Hof, and Giada Sorrentino Part 1 Verbal Communication I: Doing Things with Words How To Do Things with (ἐ)κεῖνος and αὐτός in Tragedy: Initial Suggestions 19 Anna Bonifazi Pointing to Common Ground in Dramatic Dialogue: The Case of δή and τοι 43 Rutger J. Allan Terms of Address on Right Periphery in Greek Tragedy 70 Sandra Rodríguez-Piedrabuena The Linguistic Characterisation of Oedipus in OT: A Pragmatics-Based Approach to ‘Mind Style’ 96 Evert van Emde Boas Resonance in the Prologue of Sophocles’ Ajax 121 Severin Hof Pentheus und Dionysos in den Bakchen: Die Grenzen des klaren Dialogs 140 Camille Semenzato Iphigenie und ihre Mutter: Pragmatische Bemerkungen zur Iphigenie in Aulis 160 Giada Sorrentino vi contents Part 2 Verbal Communication II: Being More or Less Kind with Words Oedipus and Tiresias: Im/politeness Theory and the Interpretation of Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus 187 Luigi Battezzato Politeness and Impoliteness in Aristophanes 213 Michael Lloyd Developments in Politeness from Aristophanes to Menander and Beyond 234 Peter Barrios-Lech Advice-Giving in Roman Comedy: Speech-Act Formulation and Im/politeness 264 Łukasz Berger The Politics of Manipulation: Politeness and Insincerity in the Language of Parasites and Courtesans in Plautus’ Comedies 291 Luis Unceta Gómez Part 3 Verbal and Non-verbal Communication: Doing Things Not Just with Words Silence and the Failure of Persuasion in Tragic Discourse 319 Vanessa Zetzmann Doing Things with Words … and Gestures on Stage 338 Matteo Capponi Reflections on Gestures and Words in Terence’s Comedies 364 Licinia Ricottilli The Kiss in Plautus’ Stichus: Notes on Gestures and Words in View of a Pragmatics of Comic Communication 382 Renata Raccanelli contents vii Lacrimae and uultus: Pragmatic Considerations on Gestures in Seneca’s Tragedies 403 Evita Calabrese Pragmatics of fraus: Encoding and Decoding of Deceit in Seneca’s Troades and Thyestes 421 Lavinia Scolari Epilogue Euripides: Von der Rhetorik zur Pragmatik 447 Carlo Scardino Index Rerum 473 Index Locorum 478 Notes on Contributors Rutger J. Allan is a Lecturer in Ancient Greek at the Free University Amsterdam. He has pub- lished on a variety of topics in Ancient Greek linguistics relating to verbal semantics, discourse analysis, and pragmatics. He has a special interest in cog- nitive linguistic and narratological approaches to Greek narrative texts. Peter Barrios-Lech is Associate Professor of Classics at University of Massachusetts Boston. In his current research, he explores the syntax of Greek and Latin, as well as these languages’ pragmatic and sociolinguistic dimensions. Luigi Battezzato is Professor of Greek Literature at the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Ver- celli (Italy). He is the author of a commentary on Euripides’Hecuba (Cambridge University Press, 2018), three monographs on Greek poetry (Leggere la mente degli eroi: Ettore, Achille e Zeus nell’Iliade, Pisa 2019, Linguistica e retorica della tragedia greca, Rome 20182; Il monologo nel teatro di Euripide, Pisa 1995), and many papers on ancient Greek literature. He has been visiting professor at the Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, at the Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori, Pavia, at the École Normale Supérieure, Lyon, and Visiting Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. Łukasz Berger is an Assistant Professor in the Institute of Classical Philology at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (Poland). His PhD dissertation defended in 2015 examines various pragmatic aspects of the conversation openings in the comedies by Plautus. Currently, he is developing investigation on the language of Roman comedy, applying insights from im/politeness research, speech act theory, and methods of Conversation Analysis. Among his main interest, there are the organisation of talk, phatic routines, and the use of terms of address. Anna Bonifazi is Professor at the University of Cologne, Institute of Linguistics, Historical- Comparative Linguistics. She applies frameworks from pragmatics, discourse analysis, and cognitive linguistics to ancient Greek literature. The monographs that she published so far discuss deixis and other pragmatic phenomena in Pin- dar (Mescolare un cratere di canti, 2001), the discourse functions of a few pro- x notes on contributors nouns, particles, adverbs, and a few incongruous utterances in Homer (Homer’s Versicolored Fabric: The Evocative Power of Ancient Greek Epic Word-Making, 2012), and the pragmatics of several particles in Herodotus and Thucydides (Particle Use in Herodotus and Thucydides, 2016). Her current research encom- passes anaphoric expressions, discourse segmentation, and multimodality bey- ond ancient Greek. Evita Calabrese holds a PhD in Literature and Philology and attained the Italian National Sci- entific Qualification 2016 for functions as associate professor. She is currently an adjunct professor at the Department of Cultures and Civilisations of the University of Verona. Her research focuses on the application of the prag- matics of human communication to Latin literature She has dedicated two books to Senecan tragedies: Il sistema della comunicazione nella Fedra di Seneca (Palumbo 2009) and Aspetti dell’identità relazionale nelle tragedie di Seneca (Pàtron 2017). She specifically dealt with gestures in a third book, Prospettive relazionali della gestualità nel Satyricon (Pàtron 2019). Matteo Capponi teaches Ancient Greek at the University of Lausanne. He also provides an ini- tiation to classical texts and mythology at the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). He devoted his Ph.D. to Greek tragedy, addressing issues related to anthropology, pragmatics, and kinesics. Today his research focus on the relationship between words and gestures. He is also involved in translating ancient texts to staging, acting, and exploring new ways of teaching classics. In parallel to his academic work, he directs the company STOA, which specialises in the staging of ancient texts (www.projet‑stoa.ch). Evert van Emde Boas is Associate Professor in Classical Philology at the University of Aarhus. He previously held posts at the University of Oxford and at various universities in the Netherlands. His research focuses on the application of modern lin- guistic and cognitive approaches to Greek literature. He is the lead author of The Cambridge Grammar of Classical Greek (CUP 2019), author of Language and Character in Euripides’ Electra (OUP 2017), and co-editor of Characterization in Ancient Greek Literature (Brill 2018). Severin Hof holds an MA from the University of Zurich (2016). He is a member of the research group on the pragmatics of the dialogue in ancient tragedy that organ- notes on contributors xi ised the conference from which this volume has originated and is currently finishing his PhD thesis on multiperspectivity in Sophoclean dialogue. His research interests include Greek drama, papyrology, and Medieval Latin, and he has previously published on Sophocles’ Ajax (2019) and on Pindar (2014), as well as edited a documentary papyrus (2017). Federica Iurescia is SNSF scientific collaborator in the Department of Classics at the University of Zurich. After her studies in Classics at the Universities of Siena and Pisa, she obtained her PhD in 2017 with a dissertation on quarrels in Latin literary texts. Her research interests deal with issue of pragmatics in Latin Literature; she is now working on conversational coherence in tragic dialogues. Her main pub- lication is Credo iam ut solet iurgabit. Pragmatica della